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Final Front Pages A STUDY ON TOURISM INDUSTRY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO RELIGIOUS TOURISM IN NAGAPATTINAM DISTRICT A thesis submitted to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli for the award of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN COMMERCE Submitted by SHEEBA JULIUS [Ref.No.038988/Ph.D./Commerce/Part-Time/ April 2009] Under the Supervision of Dr. S. MYTHILI, M.Com., M.Phil., Ph.D., Head, PG and Research Department of Commerce A.D.M. COLLEGE FOR WOMEN (AUTONOMOUS) NAGAPATTINAM – 611 001 PG AND RESEARCH DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE A.D.M. COLLEGE FOR WOMEN (AUTONOMOUS) Affiliated to Bharathidasan University NAGAPATTINAM – 611 001, TAMIL NADU, INDIA AUGUST 2012 Dr. S. Mythili, M.Com., M.Phil., Ph.D., Head of the Department Department of Commerce A.D.M. College for Women (Autonomous), Nagapattinam. – 611 001 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitled, “A STUDY ON TOURISM INDUSTRY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO RELIGIOUS TOURISM IN NAGAPATTINAM DISTRICT”, is the record of research work done by the candidate Mrs. SHEEBA JULIUS, during the period of her study in fulfillment of the requirement of the Ph.D., degree in Commerce and the thesis has not previously formed the basis for the award any degree, diploma, associate ship, fellowship, or other similar title to the candidate. Also certified that the thesis represents independent work on the part of the candidate. (Dr. S. MYTHILI) Place : (RESEARCH SUPERVISOR) Date : DECLARATION I do hereby declare that the thesis has been originally carried out by me at the P.G. and Research Department of Commerce, A.D.M. College for women (Autonomous), Nagapattinam, under the guidance and supervision of Dr.S.Mythili M.Com., M.Phil., Ph.d., Associate Professor and Head, Department of Commerce, A.D.M. College for Women, Nagapattinam. This work has not been submitted in whole or in part for any Degree or Diploma at any University. Date: Signature of the Candidate Place: (SHEEBA JULIUS) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is a rare privilege for me to have Dr. S. Mythili, Head of the Department, A.D.M. College (Autonomous), Nagapattinam, as my Research Guide and Supervisor. I am sure that this research work would not have seen the light of the day but for her inspiring guidance and constant encouragement, infinite patience, valuable suggestions and all other helps that she extended to me during the course of research work. I really enjoyed the research work under her supervision and I am ever grateful to her. I am indebted to my beloved Management who enabled me to carry out the research work. My sincere thanks are due to Dr. A. Sivakamasundari, Principal and the management of A.D.M. College for Women (Autonomous), Nagapattinam, for having permitted me to pursue the study and also rendered support in the completion of this research work. I thank Dr. Ganesan (Retd), Principal of Poompuhar College, Melaiyur and Dr. I. Francis Gnanasekar, Associate Professor of Commerce, St. Joseph College, Thiruchirapalli for having accepted to serve in the Doctoral Committee and also for their valuable suggestions at different levels of the study. I express my thanks to Dr. V. Renuga, Controller of Examinations of A.D.M. College for Women (Autonomous), Nagapattinam for her help and encouragement. I am extremely grateful to Dr. A. Valliammai, HOD of Economics, A.D.M. College for Women (Autonomous), Nagapattinam, for the contribution of her valuable suggestions in finalizing the script. I extend my sincere thanks to the Dr. Uma Thiyagarajan and Dr. O.M. Haja Mohideen, HOD of Business Administration, Kadir Mohideen College, Adirampattinam for their excellent help in the statistical analysis. I extend my sincere thanks to the sample tourists and host community who spared their precious time with me and provided relevant information which forms the base of this research. Many of them gave valuable suggestions to enrich the study. I wish to record my thanks to the officials of Department of Tourism, TTDC, Department of Hindu Religious & Charitable endowment, Mayiladuthurai, Religious heads of Vailanganni and Nagore for having provided me the required information regarding tourism industry. I thank my colleagues and other friends for their help and encouragement in my study. Sheeba Julius CONTENTS CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO. ACKNOWLDEGEMENT LIST OF TABLES LIST OF GRAPHS AND DIAGRAMS I RESEARCH DESIGN AND EXECUTION 1 OF STUDY II LITERATURE REVIEW 29 III RELIGIOUS TOURISM – EVOLUTION AND 86 GROWTH IV DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM INDUSTRY 121 IN RELIGIOUS CENTRES IN NAGAPATTINAM DISTRICT V LEVEL OF SATISFACTION 163 VI FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND 212 CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY i APPENDICES LIST OF TABLES No. Title Page No. 3.1 Foreign Tourist Arrivals to India 104 3.2 Domestic Tourists Visits in India 106 3.3 India Share in World Arrivals 107 3.4 Foreign Exchange Earnings by India 108 3.5 India’s Rank in World Tourism Receipts 109 3.6 Tourist Arrivals to Tamil Nadu 111 4.1 Tourist Arrivals to Vailankanni 154 4.2 Tourist Arrivals to Nagore 157 5.1 Age-Wise Distribution of Respondents 166 5.2 Sex-wise distribution of respondents 167 5.3 Marital status of respondents 169 5.4 Education-wise distribution of respondents 170 5.5 Occupation-wise distribution of respondents 171 5.6 Income-wise distribution of respondents 172 5.7 Nationality-wise distribution of respondents 173 5.8 Religion-wise distribution of respondents 174 5.9 Distribution of respondents by purpose of visit 175 5.10 Sources of information 177 5.11 Reason for selection of places to visit 178 5.12 Mode of transport used 179 5.13 Mode of public transport used 180 5.14 Accommodation selection 181 5.15 No of days spent in tourist places 183 5.16 Tourist Attraction 184 5.17 Opinion about Stay in the Tourist Places 185 5.18 Availability of accommodation 186 5.19 Tourists Satisfaction on Accommodation Facilities 187 5.20 Cost on Conveyance 188 5.21 Awareness on Availability of Services 189 5.22 Type of Tourism Which is Relevant to Nagapattinam 190 District 5.23 Opinion Regarding Prices Charged for Various 191 Services 5.24 Problems Affecting the Religious Tourism in 192 Nagapattinam District 5.25 Views of respondents if Private Sector is Allowed to 193 Play more in Promoting Tourism 5.26 Opinion regarding the role of the government in 194 promoting Tourism in Nagapattinam District 5.27 A Demand-Supply Gap of Hospitality Services in 195 Nagapattinam District 5.28 Demand-Supply Gap between Tourist Services in 196 Nagapattinam District 5.29 Institution Represented by Respondents 198 5.30 Classification of Host Communities 199 5.31 General Complaints made by Tourists Visiting 200 Nagapattinam District 5.32 Accompaniment of Others with Tourists Visit in 201 Nagapattinam District 5.33 Communication Hurdles in destinations 202 5.34 Dependence on travel agents 203 5.35 Level of Satisfaction Obtained in the Services of travel 204 agents 5.36 Opinion on Law and Order situation 205 5.37 Satisfaction on different Destination and Attractions 206 5.38 Problems faced by the Tourists 208 5.39 Comparison of Off-Season Income with On Season 210 LIST OF GRAPHS AND DIAGRAMS No. Title Page No. 3.1 Foreign Tourists Arrivals to India 104 3.2 Domestic Tourists 106 3.3 India’s Share in World Arrivals 107 3.4 Foreign Exchange Earnings by India 109 3.5 India’s Rank in World Tourism Receipts 110 3.6 Tourists Arrivals to Tamil Nadu 112 3.7 Religions in Tamil Nadu 113 4.1 Tourist Arrivals to Vailankanni 155 4.2 Tourist Arrivals to Nagore 157 5.1 Sex-Wise Distribution of Respondents 167 5.2 Occupation-Wise Distribution of Respondents 172 5.3 Nationality-wise Distribution of Respondents 174 5.4 Purpose of Visit 176 5.5 Mode of Transport Used 180 5.6 Accommodation Selection 182 5.7 Tourist Attraction 185 5.8 Tourists Satisfaction on Accommodation Facilities 188 5.9 Opinion regarding Prices Charged For Various 192 Services 5.10 A Demand-Supply Gap of Hospitality Services in 196 Nagapattinam District 5.11 Demands-Supply Gap between Tourist Services in 197 Nagapattinam District 5.12 Communication Hurdles in Destinations 202 Chapter I Research Design and Execution of the Study CHAPTER I RESEARCH DESIGN AND EXECUTION OF THE STUDY 1.1. Introduction Tourism is one of the oldest, biggest and fastest growing industries in the world. Tourism in the contemporary world is a term applied not only to travel undertaken for pleasure, but entails a multi-billion dollar business that caters to the tourist’s need for transportation, accommodation, food, entertainment, recreation, health and social contact. The statistics concerning tourism are overwhelming, both in terms of revenues and employment numbers, and is important, more so, in the light of the fact that the industry is on a continuous expansion, and exhibits no signs of regressing its growth. According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), in 2008, international tourist arrivals reached 924 million. UNWTO's Tourism 2020 Vision forecasts that international arrivals are expected to reach nearly 1.6 billion by the year 2020. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council, tourism and related activities are estimated to generate some 9.6% of the world’s Gross Domestic Product and the tourism sector is the largest employer, accounting for some 225 million jobs or 10.7% of the global labour force1. 1 Statistical Report of World Travel and Tourism council, 2008. 1 The benefits of tourism, mainly economic, have been enormous, especially for under developed and developing countries that have limited sources of foreign exchange. Nevertheless, with the no considerable development of the tourism industry, a lot of negative impacts have arisen, causing environmental and cultural deterioration and requiring concrete sustainable measures and policies to counteract and reverse the unfavourable situation.
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