2008 Global Temperature Ties As Eighth Warmest on Record

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

2008 Global Temperature Ties As Eighth Warmest on Record Published by : The Meteorological Service of the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba. Seru Mahuma z/n, Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles. http://www.meteo.an Table of Contents Year 2008 Global Temperature Ties as Eighth Warmest on Record. 3 Rainfall Outlook 2009. 4 Hurricane Season 2008. 5 ABC-Islands.. 15 Curaçao. 15 RAINFALL. 15 TEMPERATURE.. 16 WIND. 17 POTENTIAL WIND ENERGY.. 17 ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE.. 18 SUNSHINE DURATION. 18 GLOBAL RADIATION. 19 CLOUD COVERAGE. 19 Bonaire. 20 RAINFALL. 20 TEMPERATURE.. 20 WIND. 21 POTENTIAL WIND ENERGY.. 22 ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE.. 22 ARUBA. 23 RAINFALL. 23 TEMPERATURE.. 23 WIND. 24 POTENTIAL WIND ENERGY.. 25 ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE.. 25 SSS-ISLANDS.. 26 St. Maarten.. 26 RAINFALL . 26 TEMPERATURE.. 26 WIND. 27 POTENTIAL WIND ENERGY.. 28 ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE.. 28 SUNSHINE DURATION. 29 CLOUD COVERAGE. 29 EVAPORATION. 30 St. Eustatius. 31 RAINFALL. 31 TEMPERATURE.. 31 WIND. 32 POTENTIAL WIND ENERGY.. 32 ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE.. 33 Saba. 34 RAINFALL. 34 Climatological Summary in Tabular Form. 35 Track Map of 2008 Atlantic Tropical Cyclones. 37 Cover : Several significant weather events, like a few land spouts, affected the islands of the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba. 2 Year 2008 Global Temperature Ties as Eighth Warmest on Record The year 2008 tied with 2001 as the eighth warmest year on record for the Earth, based on the combined average of worldwide land and ocean surface temperatures through December. For December alone, the month also ranked as the eighth warmest globally, for the combined land and ocean surface temperature. The assessment is based on records dating back to 1880. Global Temperature Highlights The combined global land and ocean surface temperature from January-December was 0.49°C above the 20th Century average of 13.9°C Since 1880, the annual combined global land and ocean surface temperature has increased at a rate of 0.05°C per decade. This rate has increased to 0.16°C per decade over the past 30 years. Separately, the global land surface temperature for 2008, through December, was sixth warmest, with an average.
Recommended publications
  • Humanitarian Service Medal - Approved Operations Current As Of: 1 July 2020
    Humanitarian Service Medal - Approved Operations Current as of: 1 July 2020 Operation Start Date End Date Geographic Area1 DoD Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) 31-Jan-20 TBD Global Operations / Activities Cities of Maputo, Quelimane, Chimoio, Tropical Cyclone Idai 23-Mar-19 13-Apr-19 and Beira, Mozambique Guam and U.S. Commonwealth of Typhoon Mangkhut and Super Typhoon Yutu 11-Sep-18 2-Feb-19 Northern Mariana Islands Designated counties in North Carolina and Hurricane Florence 7-Sep-18 8-Oct-18 South Carolina California Wild Land Fires 10-Aug-18 6-Sep-18 California Operation WILD BOAR (Tham Luang Nang 26-Jun-18 14-Jul-18 Thailand, Chiang Rai Region Non Cave rescue operation) Florida; Caribbean, and adjacent waters, Hurricanes Irma and Maria 8-Sep-17 20-Oct-17 from Barbados northward to Anguilla, and then westward to the Florida Straits Hurricane Harvey TX counties: Aransas, Austin, Bastrop, Bee, Brazoria, Calhoun, Chambers, Colorado, DeWitt, Fayette, Fort Bend, Galveston, Goliad, Gonzales, Hardin, Harris, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Karnes, Kleberg, Lavaca, Lee, Liberty, Matagorda, Montgomery, Newton, 23-Aug-17 31-Oct-17 Texas and Louisiana Nueces, Orange, Polk, Refugio, Sabine, San Jacinto, San Patricio, Tyler, Victoria, Waller, and Wharton. LA parishes: Acadia, Allen, Beauregard, Calcasieu, Cameron, Iberia, Jefferson Davis, Natchitoches, Rapides, Sabine, Vermilion, and Vernon. Sri Lanka flood relief 12-Jun-17 15-Jun-17 Sri Lanka New Zealand earthquake relief 17-Nov-16 20-Nov-16 New Zealand Hurricane Matthew 4-Oct-16 19-Oct-16 Haiti, Cuba, Jamaica, and Cayman Islands Washington Wild Land Fires 16-Aug-15 14-Sep-15 Washington Operation SAHAYOGI HAAT (Earthquake Relief) – Joint Task Force 505 (III Marine 27-Apr-15 26-May-15 Nepal Expeditionary Force) Tropical Storm Hanna, Honduras 29-Oct-14 30-Oct-14 Honduras Government of Slovenia Assistance (Operation 7-Feb-14 12-Feb-14 Slovenia Urgent Response) U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • An Informed System Development Approach to Tropical Cyclone Track and Intensity Forecasting
    Linköping Studies in Science and Technology Dissertations. No. 1734 An Informed System Development Approach to Tropical Cyclone Track and Intensity Forecasting by Chandan Roy Department of Computer and Information Science Linköping University SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden Linköping 2016 Cover image: Hurricane Isabel (2003), NASA, image in public domain. Copyright © 2016 Chandan Roy ISBN: 978-91-7685-854-7 ISSN 0345-7524 Printed by LiU Tryck, Linköping 2015 URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-123198 ii Abstract Introduction: Tropical Cyclones (TCs) inflict considerable damage to life and property every year. A major problem is that residents often hesitate to follow evacuation orders when the early warning messages are perceived as inaccurate or uninformative. The root problem is that providing accurate early forecasts can be difficult, especially in countries with less economic and technical means. Aim: The aim of the thesis is to investigate how cyclone early warning systems can be technically improved. This means, first, identifying problems associated with the current cyclone early warning systems, and second, investigating if biologically based Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are feasible to solve some of the identified problems. Method: First, for evaluating the efficiency of cyclone early warning systems, Bangladesh was selected as study area, where a questionnaire survey and an in-depth interview were administered. Second, a review of currently operational TC track forecasting techniques was conducted to gain a better understanding of various techniques’ prediction performance, data requirements, and computational resource requirements. Third, a technique using biologically based ANNs was developed to produce TC track and intensity forecasts.
    [Show full text]
  • Texas Hurricane History
    Texas Hurricane History David Roth National Weather Service Camp Springs, MD Table of Contents Preface 3 Climatology of Texas Tropical Cyclones 4 List of Texas Hurricanes 8 Tropical Cyclone Records in Texas 11 Hurricanes of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries 12 Hurricanes of the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries 13 Hurricanes of the Late Nineteenth Century 16 The First Indianola Hurricane - 1875 21 Last Indianola Hurricane (1886)- The Storm That Doomed Texas’ Major Port 24 The Great Galveston Hurricane (1900) 29 Hurricanes of the Early Twentieth Century 31 Corpus Christi’s Devastating Hurricane (1919) 38 San Antonio’s Great Flood – 1921 39 Hurricanes of the Late Twentieth Century 48 Hurricanes of the Early Twenty-First Century 68 Acknowledgments 74 Bibliography 75 Preface Every year, about one hundred tropical disturbances roam the open Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico. About fifteen of these become tropical depressions, areas of low pressure with closed wind patterns. Of the fifteen, ten become tropical storms, and six become hurricanes. Every five years, one of the hurricanes will become reach category five status, normally in the western Atlantic or western Caribbean. About every fifty years, one of these extremely intense hurricanes will strike the United States, with disastrous consequences. Texas has seen its share of hurricane activity over the many years it has been inhabited. Nearly five hundred years ago, unlucky Spanish explorers learned firsthand what storms along the coast of the Lone Star State were capable of. Despite these setbacks, Spaniards set down roots across Mexico and Texas and started colonies. Galleons filled with gold and other treasures sank to the bottom of the Gulf, off such locations as Padre and Galveston Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Hurricane Ike: Do We Need to Change Our Thinking?
    AIRCURRENTS HURRICANE IKE: DO WE NEED TO CHANGE OUR THINKING? EDITor’s noTE: Of the three landfalling U.S. hurricanes in 2008, Hurricane Ike was by far the costliest. Perhaps because it was the largest loss in the last three seasons, it seemed to have captured the imagination of many in the industry, with estimates of as much as $20 billion or more being bandied about in the storm’s early aftermath. In this article, AIR’s Dr. Peter Dailey 12.2008 takes a hard look at the reality of Hurricane Ike. By Dr. Peter S. Dailey, Director of Atmospheric Science INTRODUCTION neither catastrophe modelers—nor the industry—should Hurricane Ike made landfall at Galveston, Texas in the early have been taken by surprise by Ike. While the storm morning hours of September 13, 2008. It was the third displayed some interesting characteristics, and managed and final hurricane to make landfall in the U.S. this year, to cause damage well inland (long after it had been preceded by Hurricane Dolly in late July and Gustav just two downgraded to a tropical depression and was no longer weeks prior to Ike. tracked by the NHC, the AIR model in fact performed very well in capturing the effects of this storm. All three landfalling hurricanes arrived on U.S. shores as Category 2 storms on the Saffir-Simpson scale. Yet according This article traces the history of Hurricane Ike’s brief but to the latest estimates by ISO’s Property Claims Services unit, costly assault on the U.S. It also looks at how the AIR U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The HWRF Hurricane Ensemble Data Assimilation System (HEDAS) for High-Resolution Data: the Impact of Airborne Doppler Radar Observations in an OSSE
    JUNE 2012 A K S O Y E T A L . 1843 The HWRF Hurricane Ensemble Data Assimilation System (HEDAS) for High-Resolution Data: The Impact of Airborne Doppler Radar Observations in an OSSE ALTUG˘AKSOY AND SYLVIE LORSOLO Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, and Hurricane Research Division, NOAA/AOML, Miami, Florida TOMISLAVA VUKICEVIC Hurricane Research Division, NOAA/AOML, Miami, Florida KATHRYN J. SELLWOOD Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, and Hurricane Research Division, NOAA/AOML, Miami, Florida SIM D. ABERSON Hurricane Research Division, NOAA/AOML, Miami, Florida FUQING ZHANG Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania (Manuscript received 10 August 2011, in final form 6 December 2011) ABSTRACT Within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Hurricane Research Division of the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory has developed the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) Ensemble Data Assimilation System (HEDAS) to assimilate hurricane inner-core observations for high-resolution vortex initialization. HEDAS is based on a serial implementation of the square root ensemble Kalman filter. HWRF is configured with a horizontal grid spacing of 9/3 km on the outer/inner domains. In this preliminary study, airborne Doppler radar radial wind observations are simulated from a higher-resolution (4.5/1.5 km) version of the same model with other modifications that resulted in appreciable model error. A 24-h nature run simulation of Hurricane Paloma was initialized at 1200 UTC 7 November 2008 and produced a realistic, category-2-strength hurricane vortex. The impact of assimilating Doppler wind obser- vations is assessed in observation space as well as in model space.
    [Show full text]
  • 2014 North Atlantic Hurricane Season Review
    2014 North Atlantic Hurricane Season Review WHITEPAPER Executive Summary The 2014 Atlantic hurricane season was a quiet season, closing with eight 2014 marks the named storms, six hurricanes, and two major hurricanes (Category 3 or longest period on stronger). record – nine Forecast groups predicted that the formation of El Niño and below consecutive years average sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the Atlantic Main – that no major Development Region (MDR)1 through the season would inhibit hurricanes made development in 2014, leading to a below average season. While 2014 landfall over the was indeed quiet, these predictions didn’t materialize. U.S. The scientific community has attributed the low activity in 2014 to a number of oceanic and atmospheric conditions, predominantly anomalously low Atlantic mid-level moisture, anomalously high tropical Atlantic subsidence (sinking air) in the Main Development Region (MDR), and strong wind shear across the Caribbean. Tropical cyclone activity in the North Atlantic basin was also influenced by below average activity in the 2014 West African monsoon season, which suppressed the development of African easterly winds. The year 2014 marks the longest period on record – nine consecutive years since Hurricane Wilma in 2005 – that no major hurricanes made landfall over the U.S., and also the ninth consecutive year that no hurricane made landfall over the coastline of Florida. The U.S. experienced only one landfalling hurricane in 2014, Hurricane Arthur. Arthur made landfall over the Outer Banks of North Carolina as a Category 2 hurricane on July 4, causing minor damage. While Mexico and Central America were impacted by two landfalling storms and the Caribbean by three, Bermuda suffered the most substantial damage due to landfalling storms in 2014.Hurricane Fay and Major Hurricane Gonzalo made landfall on the island within a week of each other, on October 12 and October 18, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 Rio Grande Valley/Deep S. Texas Hurricane Guide
    The Official Rio Grande Valley/Deep South Texas HURRICANE GUIDE 2021 IT ONLY TAKES ONE STORM! weather.gov/rgv A Letter to Residents After more than a decade of near-misses, 2020 reminded the Rio Grande Valley and Deep South Texas that hurricanes are still a force to be reckoned with. Hurricane Hanna cut a swath from Padre Island National Seashore in Kenedy County through much of the Rio Grande Valley in late July, leaving nearly $1 billion in agricultural and property damage it its wake. While many may now think that we’ve paid our dues, that sentiment couldn’t be further from the truth! The combination of atmospheric and oceanic patterns favorable for a landfalling hurricane in the Rio Grande Valley/Deep South Texas region can occur in any season, including this one. Residents can use the experience of Hurricane Hanna in 2020 as a great reminder to be prepared in 2021. Hurricanes bring a multitude of hazards including flooding rain, damaging winds, deadly storm surge, and tornadoes. These destructive forces can displace you from your home for months or years, and there are many recent cases in the United States and territories where this has occurred. Hurricane Harvey (2017), Michael (2018, Florida Panhandle), and Laura (2020, southwest Louisiana) are just three such devastating events. This guide can help you and your family get prepared. Learn what to do before, during and after a storm. Your plan should include preparations for your home or business, gathering supplies, ensuring your insurance is up to date, and planning with your family for an evacuation.
    [Show full text]
  • Shifting Sands Coastal Barrier Island Network
    March112, 2009 Coastal Barrier Island Network Volume 1, Issue 1 Shifting Sands Inside this issue: Development of a Research-Management-Outreach Framework for 2 sustaining Coastal Barrier Island Ecosystems: Inaugural Meeting Galveston, TX, January 2009 Lessons Learned from Hurricane Ike (Galveston Island and Boli- 4 var Peninsula): Perspectives of the Coastal Barrier Island Network (CBIN) The 2009 Hurricane Season: A Summary 14 Request For Proposals (2009-2012) 16 Participants in Inaugural Meeting in of CBIN at Galveston, Texas, Jan 3-7,2009. This meeting also allowed a first-hand look at the impacts of Hurricane Ike Hurricane Ike [aɪk] was the third most destructive hurricane to ever make land- fall in the United States. It was the ninth named storm, fifth hurricane and third major hurricane of the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season. Ike also had the high- est IKE (Integrated Kinetic Energy) of any Atlantic storm in history. Top row, L to R: Greg Carter, Dave Thomas, Don Young, Richard Koske, Jim Gibeaut, Karl Nordstrom, and William K. Smith. Middle row, L to R: Stanley Riggs, Nor- bert Psuty, Jennifer Dugan, and Kelly Lucas. Bottom row, L to R: Kam-Biu Liu, Marisa Martinez Vasquez, Amy Wil- liams, Heather Joesting, Jane Gemma, Nicholas Kraus, Nancy Jackson, and Rusty Feagin. Page 2 Shifting Sands Volume 1, Issue 1 Development of a Research-Management-Outreach Framework for Sustaining Coastal Barrier Island Ecosystems: Inaugural Meeting — Galveston, TX, January 2009 Priority questions identified and compiled at the Galveston meeting are as
    [Show full text]
  • Differential Social Vulnerability and Response to Hurricane Dolly Across
    Differential social vulnerability and response to Hurricane Dolly across the US-Mexico border Isabelle Ruin (NCAR), Cedar League (UCCS), Mary Hayden (NCAR), Barry Goldsmith (NWS), and Jeral Estupiñán (NWS) Introduction Loss reduction of life and property from flooding in the aftermath of hurricanes is dependent not only on adequate preparation and lead time, but also on effective warning dissemination and, more importantly, public response to the warning. Previous research notes that warnings are geared toward the cultural majority and are less likely to reach those who are most vulnerable – the poor, the elderly, and cultural minorities (Burton et al. 1978, Mileti 1999; Perry and Mushkatel, 1986; Lindell and Perry, 2004, Hayden et al. 2007). Mileti et al. (1975) found that appropriate response to warnings was more likely to occur if the warning could be confirmed by a variety of sources including various agencies, government entities, media, family or friends, thereby assuring those in the warning area of the accuracy of the message. Other factors that may influence an individual’s response to warnings include age, education, gender, previous experience with a hazard, environmental cues, perceived risk, source credibility, and message specificity within the warning (Gruntfest 1987; Tobin and Montz 1997; Lindell and Perry 1992). Hayden et al. (2007) found most people continue to receive warning information from home via television, while the internet also plays a small role. Successful warnings are those that are taken seriously and responded to in a timely and effective manner. Recent studies show that public reliance on “official” warnings from traditional sources may be shifting to more private and informal sources such as The Weather Channel and the internet (Baker, l995; Dow and Cutter, 1998; Drabek, 2001).
    [Show full text]
  • Hurricane & Tropical Storm
    5.8 HURRICANE & TROPICAL STORM SECTION 5.8 HURRICANE AND TROPICAL STORM 5.8.1 HAZARD DESCRIPTION A tropical cyclone is a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or sub-tropical waters and has a closed low-level circulation. Tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes are all considered tropical cyclones. These storms rotate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere around the center and are accompanied by heavy rain and strong winds (NOAA, 2013). Almost all tropical storms and hurricanes in the Atlantic basin (which includes the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea) form between June 1 and November 30 (hurricane season). August and September are peak months for hurricane development. The average wind speeds for tropical storms and hurricanes are listed below: . A tropical depression has a maximum sustained wind speeds of 38 miles per hour (mph) or less . A tropical storm has maximum sustained wind speeds of 39 to 73 mph . A hurricane has maximum sustained wind speeds of 74 mph or higher. In the western North Pacific, hurricanes are called typhoons; similar storms in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean are called cyclones. A major hurricane has maximum sustained wind speeds of 111 mph or higher (NOAA, 2013). Over a two-year period, the United States coastline is struck by an average of three hurricanes, one of which is classified as a major hurricane. Hurricanes, tropical storms, and tropical depressions may pose a threat to life and property. These storms bring heavy rain, storm surge and flooding (NOAA, 2013). The cooler waters off the coast of New Jersey can serve to diminish the energy of storms that have traveled up the eastern seaboard.
    [Show full text]
  • The Atlantic Hurricane Season Summary – 2014
    THE ATLANTIC HURRICANE SEASON SUMMARY – 2014 SPECIAL FOCUS ON ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA (PRELIMINARY) Dale C. S. Destin (follow @anumetservice) Antigua and Barbuda Meteorological Service Climate Section December 4, 2014 Satellite Image: Hurricane Gonzalo – Oct 13, 12:45 pm 2014 1 The Atlantic Hurricane Season Summary – 2014 Special Focus on Antigua and Barbuda Dale C. S. Destin (follow @anumetservice) Antigua and Barbuda Meteorological Service Climate Section December 3, 2014 The Season in Brief The 2014 Atlantic hurricane season was relatively quiet generally but relatively average for Antigua. It produced eight (8) named storms. Of the eight (8) storms, six (6) became hurricanes and two reached major hurricane status - category three (3) or higher on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. The strongest tropical cyclone for the season was Major Hurricane Gonzalo with peak winds of 145 mph and minimum pressure of 940 mb (see figure 2). Gonzalo impacted Antigua and Barbuda and most of the other northeast Caribbean islands causing loss of lives and 100s of millions of dollars in damage. Relative to Antigua and Barbuda Relative to Antigua and Barbuda, the rest of the Leeward Islands and the British Virgin Islands, two (2) tropical cyclones entered or formed in our defined monitored area (10N 40W – 10N 55W – 15N 70W – 20N 70W – 20N 55W – 15N 40W – 10N 40W) - Bertha and Gonzalo. Gonzalo impacted the northeast Caribbean with hurricane force winds, passing directly over Antigua, St. Martin and Anguilla. This is the first time since Jose in 1999, Antigua has had sustained hurricane force winds, ending our 14 year hurricane drought. In terms of number of named storms, it was not a quiet season for Antigua but rather an average one; however, with respect to hurricanes, we were a year over due since one affects us every three years on average.
    [Show full text]
  • Storm Watcher Pdf, Epub, Ebook
    STORM WATCHER PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Maria V Snyder | 228 pages | 05 May 2013 | Leap Books, LLC | 9781616030339 | English | Powell, WY, United States National Hurricane Center Tropical Storm Wilfred forms over the eastern Atlantic. Tropical Depression 22 forms in the Gulf of Mexico. September 17, September 14, Hurricane Teddy forms over the central Atlantic. September 16, Hurricane Sally has formed over the Gulf of Mexico. September 12, Paulette is now a hurricane over the northwestern Atlantic. September 13, The NHC indicates that Nana has become a hurricane and is expected to make landfall along the coast of Belize tonight. September 02, Tropical Storm Omar forms off the east coast of the United States. September 01, Marco has become a hurricane and could make landfall near the Louisiana coast on Monday. August 23, Tropical Storm Laura becomes a hurricane , forecast to reach category 3 before making landfall on the south coast of the USA. August 25, Tropical Storm Kyle has formed off the east coast of the United States. August 14, August 13, Tropical Depression 10 forms over the eastern Atlantic. J uly 31, Hurricane Isaias moving closer towards southern Florida. August 01, Hanna strengthens and has become the first hurricane of the Atlantic season. July 25, J uly 22, Tropical Storm Fay has formed near the coast of North Carolina. July 09, July 05, Tropical Storm Dolly forms over the north Atlantic. June 23, June 2, Tropical Storm Bertha has formed near the coast of South Carolina this morning. May 27, May 16, Storm Names for the Atlantic Hurricane Season. Tropical Storm Arthur.
    [Show full text]