The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO:0886-9367
“Comprehensive Information on Therapeutic Plant of Family Araceae: Sauromatum guttatum (Wall.) Schott”
Chaturvedi Mohit*, Patel Rakesh1, Saraswat Rohit2, Shukla Pawandeep 3 *, 3Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, OPJS University, Churu, Rajasthan, India 1School of Pharmacy, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam University, Indore, M.P., India 2School of Pharmacy, OPJS University, Churu, Rajasthan, India
ABSTRACT Many traditionally used plants hold importance in modern days possess various activities which are desirable, one of such plant is Sauromatum guttatum (Wall.) Schott. Sauromatum guttatum (Wall.) Schott commonly known as voodoo lily is a plant belongs to family Araceae. This is the strangest of all bulbous plants. The Voodoo Lily are very easy to grow. It is found mainly in India and Pakistan. This review article aims to present comprehensive information on of all such data related to Sauromatum guttatum (Wall.) Schott which can be helpful in development of modern medicine.
Key words: Sauromatum guttatum (Wall.) Schott., Araceae, Voodoo Lily
Introduction Sauromatum guttatum (Wall.) Schott (Synonyms: Sauromatum venosum Kunth, Arum venosum Aiton, Typhonium venosum) is a plant belonging to family Araceae or the Aroid family. It is a comparative with the notorious Amorphophallus variety of plants. It is a tuberous enduring from the forests of the Himalayas and in East and West Africa. At maturity, Sauromatum sends forth it's flower first. The flower emits a foul smelling odor resembling dead meat. This odor is what draws flies to the flower to pollinate the flower. Various plants are there that transmit a foul smell. These plants are often called "carrion plants". The flower will die in a few days and the leaf will emerge later in the spring.1
Figure No. 1. : Sauromatum guttatum (Wall.) Schott
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Taxonomical Classification Kingdom : Plantae Phyllum : Tracheophyta Class : Liliopsida Order : Alismatales Family : Araceae Genus : Sauromatum Species : guttatum2
Vernacular Names German : Lizardwort , Voodoo Lilie English : Monarch of East, Red calla Common name : Corpseflower, Voodoo lily Hindi : Sanp ki butti, Bhasmakand, Bhuisitaphal, Chamus, Sanp ki kheti Marathi : Nurki
Plant Description The tuber simply should be sufficiently large to blossom however when the process occurs, one will smell it as soon as he/she will see it. The blossoms are typically dim earthy colored and spotted and show up before the leaves. The tuber can even blossom out of soil. The natural products are frequently half covered in the dirt. They for the most part begin to shading from red to purple when completely ready. Rather than a few other Araceae do the peduncles of Sauromatum not stretch out after fertilization so the natural product will be at a similar level as the underlying inflorescence: close to the soil.3 Voodoo Lily is a very unusual, shade loving plant, found in the Himalayas. delivers a rounded formed, purplish green bloom, with dull purple markings within, which encompasses a blackish purple focal spike, making the spike seem as though it has been given its own vase. When the large finger-like flower, 2-3 ft, blooms, it emits a foul smell, inspiring names like corpseflower. The real botanical flowers are tiny, covered by the spathe (flap like object). The blossoms are trailed by beautiful green leaves 2 ft purple mottled and spotted stems, giving an umbrella to its foundations. Voodoo lily put up its show in early summer and grows 2-3 ft tall. Tubers are 24+ cm.4
Geographical Distribution It is native to India and Pakistan. A more compact form of it can be found in Maharashtra state, the Himalayan forms tend to be taller and more lush.3, 4
Phytochemical Constituents Dimethyl oligosulphides, major volatiles released from Sauromatum guttatum. The major constituents are dimethyl disulphide and dimethyl trisulphide. Other major components of the S. guttatum excretion were β-caryophyllene, dimethyl sulphide, dimethyl tetrasulphide indole and skatole. Linalool, trans-ocimene and phenylacetaldehyde. The chlorine is most abundant in S. guttatum (berries). Potassium was found in highest concentration in various parts of S. guttatum. Sulphur was detected only in corms and leaves while corms also contained Magnesium and Phosphorous.5
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Uses Root paste applied to skin infections. Tubers applied to the bite of venomous snakes, and also and the same time given orally. Corms used as a stimulating poultice, corm powder with honey given for tuberculosis, bleeding piles and in blood disorders. Fresh corm paste applied over scorpion sting. Mitogenic potential towards human peripheral blood lymphocytes was found. Vertinary medicines, fresh tubers ground and applied on the sores of animals, and also when bitten by snakes.6
Pharmacological Activities The extract from corm of S. guttatum displayed antimicrobial activities exhibiting remarkable (75%) antifungal activity against Microsporum canis and good (-65%) antibacterial activity against S. pyogenes, moderate (-51 %) inhibition against P. aeruginosa while a weak inhibitory activity was observed against P. mirabilis, S. typhi, and S. boydii. All the extracts displayed excellent herbicide activity against Lemna minor and except A. laeve, completely inhibited the plant growth at 500 µg/mL. These extracts also be evidence for good insecticidal activity with the highest mortality (80% each) being observed with S. guttatum berries extract against the Bruchus pisorum and with T. indicum against R. dominica. S. guttatum (corms) a weak agglutination activity in human RBCs. In cytotoxicity bioassay, the extracts derived from the corm and berries of S. guttatum exhibited significant toxicity against brine shrimps. They are having LD50 values lesser than 1000 µg /mL while other extracts exhibited LD50values higher than 1000 µg /mL. Therefore, it can be concluded that they possess a low general toxicity. S. guttatum (corms) extract possess reasonable antispasmodic activity and inhibited the spontaneous contractions of the isolated jejunum by 69% in the highest tested dose 2 mg/mL. The crude extracts obtained all three parts of S. guttatum (Wall.) Schott (corms, leaves & berries) exhibited no inhibitory activity against urease from both jack bean and B. pasteurii. The extract derived leaves of S. guttatum showed excellent lipoxygenase inhibitory activities and each inhibited the tested enzyme by 90 %. The extracts obtained from berries of S. guttatum also showed good inhibitory activity against lipoxygenase and caused 65 % inhibition of this enzyme. The extracts obtained from various parts (corms, leaves and berries) of S. guttatum afforded only a weak radical scavenging activity (RSA). 7-9
Conclusion Therapeutic plants have been renowned and used all through mankind's history. Normally accessible these assets give important crude material to future present day logical research and one must utilize it shrewdly. Because of monetary limitation, it is judicious to search for choices in herbal medicines. In this article, the description of the plant Sauromatum guttatum has been given.
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References 1. http://www.life.illinois.edu/plantbio/greenhouse/ph_s_venosum.html 2. https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/231055 3. https://sites.google.com/site/efloraofindia/species/al/ar/araceae/sauromatum/sauromatum- venosum 4. http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Voodoo%20Lily.html 5. CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants: Common Names, 3831. 6. Karlson, B., Englund, F.O. & Unelius, C. R. Dimethyl oligosulphides, major volatiles released from Sauromatum guttatum and Phallus impudicus. Phytochemistry, 1994. 35 (2):321-323. 7. Taous Khan. Phytomedicinal investigation and standardization of some indigenous medicinal plants of N.W.F.P., Trichodesma indicum, Paeonia emodi, Aconitum leaves, and Sauromatum guttatum. D. Sc. Thesis, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Karachi. 2006. 8. Dwivedi S. N., Dwivedi Sumeet, Dwivedi Abhishek and Goel A. K. Ethnobotanical, pharmacological and phytochemical significance of Sauromatum guttatum- A review. Ethnobotany, 2009. 21 (1&2): 95-98. 9. Thacker, H. Sauromatum venosum. Assessment using IUCN Categories and Criteria 3.1 (IUCN 2001). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2009.
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