Zagaðivači I Kvalitet Vode Reka Veliki Lug I Kubršnica Na Teritoriji Opštine Smederevska Palanka

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Zagaðivači I Kvalitet Vode Reka Veliki Lug I Kubršnica Na Teritoriji Opštine Smederevska Palanka UDK: 551.482.213/214 Struni rad ZAGAIVAI I KVALITET VODE REKA VELIKI LUG I KUBRŠNICA NA TERITORIJI OPŠTINE SMEDEREVSKA PALANKA Svetlana NIKOLI1, Ljiljana MOJOVI1, Branislav NIKOLI2, Ljubomir SEKULI3, Dragana MILOVANOVI4 1 Tehnološko-metalurški fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu 2 Institut za hemiju, tehnologiju i metalurgiju – IHTM, Beograd 3 Agencija za ekološko inženjerstvo, Smederevo 4 Ministarstvo poljoprivrede, trgovine, šumarstva i vodoprivrede R. Srbije, Republika direkcija za vode, Beograd REZIME Palanka. Most za Jagnjilo je granica izmeu opština Mladenovac i Smederevska Palanka. Posle mosta za U periodu septembar-novembar 2010. godine izvršeno Jagnjilo, Veliki Lug protie izmeu naselja Kusadak i je ispitivanje kvaliteta vode reka Veliki Lug i Rabrovac, i sa rekom Kubršnicom se spaja kod sela Kubršnica, u delu posle mosta za Jagnjilo tj. posle Ratari (u opštini Smederevska Palanka). Kubršnica tee teritorije opštine Mladenovac do uša u Jasenicu, na pored naselja Ratari i Glibovac, a zatim se posle 15 km teritoriji opštine Smederevska Palanka. Izvršene su svoga toka, nakon banje Palanaki kiseljak uliva u reku fiziko-hemijske i mikrobiološke analize uzoraka vode Jasenicu na teritoriji opštine Smederevska Palanka. na etiri merna mesta duž renog toka. Kubršnica izvire na istonoj strani planine Bukulje, dužine je 47 km, prosenog protoka 2,3 m3/s, i površine Fiziko-hemijske analize pokazale su da vode ovih reka sliva 743 km3. na sva etiri mesta pripadaju IV klasi boniteta. Na pojedinim mernim mestima, vrednosti fiziko-hemijskih Vode reke Veliki Lug su ve godinama jedne od parametara kao što su: nitriti, amonijum jon, fosfati, najzagaenijih voda na podruju grada Beograda, na utrošak KMnO4, rastvoreni kiseonik, HPK, BPK5 i ijoj zaštiti, do sada nije skoro ništa uinjeno [1]. Ovo gvože, su bile iznad maksimalno dozvoljenih vrednosti izuzetno loše stanje kvaliteta vode stvara velike (MDK) ak i za IV klasu voda. Rezultati mikrobioloških probleme stanovnicima svih naselja nizvodno od analiza pokazuju da je na svim mernim mestima Mladenovca. U svojim godišnjim izveštajima za period najverovatniji broj koliformnih bakterija (MPN) u 1l od 2006. do 2009. godine Gradska uprava grada iznosio 240.000 što svrstava ove vode u IV klasu Beograda i Gradski Zavod za javno zdravlje grada boniteta, osim u novembru kada je taj broj opao na Beograda za reku Veliki Lug, navode sledee [2]: 96.000 što odgovara II klasi boniteta. Takoe, „Prema mikrobiološkim i fiziko-hemijskim identifikovane patogene bakterijske vrste ukazuju na parametrima reka Veliki Lug je van svih klasa boniteta. dominantno fekalno zagaenje domainstava i Veliki Lug je samo uslovno reka, jer je potpuno poljoprivrednih farmi. degradirana komunalnim i industrijskim otpadnim vodama Sopota, Mladenovca i okolnih naselja.“ Može Kljune rei: kvalitet voda, zagaivai, deponije, se rei Veliki Lug praktino predstavlja otvoreni otpadne vode, fiziko-hemijski parametri, mikrobiološki kolektor otpadnih voda opština Mladenovac i Sopot. parametri Gradski zavod za javno zdravlje iz Beograda, ispituje 1. UVOD kvalitet vode reke Veliki Lug etiri puta godišnje na jednom mernom mestu, i to: kontrolni profil "Most za Reka Veliki Lug izvire u blizini sela Babe, pod selo Jagnjilo", koji se nalazi na granici izmeu opština Kosmajem, na 445 m nadmorske visine, u opštini Sopot. Mladenovac i Smederevska Palanka [2]. Pošto se Dužina reke je 37 km, prosean protok vode je 2,2 m3/s, kontrolno mesto nalazi posle izliva svih industrijskih i a površina sliva je 421 km2. Veliki Lug protie kroz komunalnih sanitarnih voda opština Sopot i teritorije opština Sopot, Mladenovac i Smederevska Mladenovac, nemogue je na osnovu analiza samo VODOPRIVREDA 0350-0519, 43 (2011) 252-254 p. 259-265 259 Zagaivai i kvalitet vode reka Veliki Lug i Kubršnica Svetlana Nikoli i saradnici jednog mernog mesta odrediti i definisati sve Mladenovca bez ikakvog tretmana, otpadnih ocednih zagaivae u slivu Velikog Luga. Duž celog toka voda sa poljoprivrednih farmi na teritoriji opštine Sopot postoji izvestan broj industrijskih zagaivaa ove reke i Mladenovac, ocednih voda sa velikog broja koji su vrlo razliiti po svojim fiziko-hemijskim komunalnih deponija ukljuujui i gradsku deponiju karakteristikama. Osim toga, postoji veliki broj rasutih Mladenovca, itd. Na taj nain korita reka Veliki Lug i zagaivaa (septike jame, ocedne vode velikog broja Kubršnice i njihovih pritoka postaju obini kolektori "divljih" deponija, stone vode sa poljoprivrednih farmi otpadnih materijala. itd), tako da je neophodno izvršiti odreivanje fiziko- hemijskih i mikrobioloških karakteristika vode reke 3.1.1. Otpadne vode domainstava i poljoprivrednih farmi Veliki Lug duž celog toka reke. Ove otpadne vode i U analiziranom delu sliva reka Veliki Lug i Kubršnica evidentirane mnoge deponije u slivu reke Veliki Lug negativno utiu na kvalitet voda, vazduha i zemljišta, pa registrovano je 8.521 doma instava sa 30.283 stanovnika. Ako se dnevno potroši oko 200 l vode po se name e kao veliki problem sanacija, rekultivacija tla ili reciklaža pojedinih materija, kao i preišavanje stanovniku, a u kanalizaciju (septi ke jame iji se sadržaj ispušta direktno u reke) izbacuje se oko 70% od otpadnih voda, pre njihovog ispuštanje u reke. koriš ene koli ine vode, to zna i da je koli ina ovih 3 Deo sliva Velikog Luga i Kubršnice, koji su predmet otpadnih voda oko 4.240 m /dan. Rauna se da je analize u ovom radu, su tok reka Veliki Lug od mosta za prose na BPK5 ovih sanitarno-fekalnih voda oko 270 3 Jagnjilo do uliva u Kubršnicu i Kubršnice do uša u g/m , pa se dnevno iz domainstava u sliv reka Veliki Jasenicu. Ukupna površina ovog sliva, od mosta za Lug i Kubršnica ispusti oko 1.145 kg BPK5/dan, 38,1 kg Jagnjilo do uša Kubršnice u Jasenicu je oko 406,7 km2. azota/dan, 2,5 kg fosfora/dan, itd. [3]. Pored toga, U cilju ispitivanja kvaliteta voda, u analiziranom poljoprivreda je glavni izvor dugotrajnih zagaujuih podruju sliva ovih reka, izvršena su fiziko-hemijska i materija (POPs hemikalije): pesticidi (aldrin, dieldrin, mikrobiološka merenja vode na etiri merna mesta. hlordan, toksafen, mireks, eldrin, heptahlor, heksahloro- Takoe, predstavljeni su zagaivai voda Velikog Luga benzen–NSV), hlorodekon, dihlorodifeniltrihloro etan– i Kubršnice koji znaajno utiu na kvalitet voda ovih DDT, heksabromobifenil i heksahlorocikloheksan NSN, reka. a priobalje ovih reka spada u tipina poljoprivredna podruja. 2. METODE ISPITIVANJA 3.1.2. Otpadne vode sa stonih farmi Uzorci vode za odreivanje fiziko-hemijskih i Na osnovu registrovanog broja goveda, ovaca, svinja i mikrobioloških parametara uzimani su sa etiri merna mesta: reka Veliki Lug na mostu za selo Ratare (merno živine, izra unato je da se u potoke i reke Veliki Lug i Kubršnica ispusti oko 732 m3/dan otpadnih i ocednih mesto 1 - MM1), reka Kubršnica nakon ulivanja Velikog Luga u Kubršnicu (MM2), reka Kubršnica kod sto nih voda, oko 6,9 t BPK5/dan i 425 kg azota/dan. Otpadne vode sa stonih farmi predstavljaju difuzione sela Glibovac (MM3), reka Kubršnica pre uš a u Jasenicu (MM4). Uzorci su uzimani u septembru, zaga iva e i uzrok su velikog zaga enja voda na ovom podruju tj. velike koncentracije nitrata i amonijanog oktobru i novembru mesecu 2010. godine, i analizirani standardnim metodama. jona u vodi, velike potrošnje kiseonika i pove ane potrošnje BPK i HPK [3]. 5 3. REZULTATI I DISKUSIJA 3.1.3. Otpadne vode male privrede 3.1. Zagaivai reka Veliki lug i Kubršnica U analiziranom delu sliva reka Veliki Lug i Kubršnica Na analiziranom delu sliva nema veih industrijskih postoji itav niz infrastrukturnih objekata, jer dolina pogona (pa samim tim nema ni industrijskih deponija), reke Veliki Lug od izvora do uša u Kubršnicu ukupne ali postoji veliki broj rasutih zagaivaa: pojedinana dužine od 37,5 km protie pored magistralnih puteva M- domainstva, manja naselja, izdvojeni hoteli, 200 i M–107 i železnike pruge Beograd–Mladenovac– pojedinane mini farme, benzinske pumpe, auto Smederevska Palanka–Velika Plana. Zahvaljujui perionice itd. Zagaenja koja oni prouzrokuju su takvom položaju duž tokova reka Veliki Lug i pojedinano dosta manja po koliini, ali ne i po Kubršnica izgraeno je 12 benzinskih pumpi, veliki broj koncentraciji otpadnih i opasnih materija. Takoe, ovaj automehaniarskih radnji, auto perionica, ugostiteljskih deo sliva se analizira posle prijema kompletnih otpadnih objekata i motela, iz kojih se ispušta oko 93,4 kg voda privrede Mladenovca, fekalnih voda grada BPK5/dan [3]. 260 VODOPRIVREDA 0350-0519, 43 (2011) 252-254 p. 259-265 Svetlana Nikoli i saradnici Zagaivai i kvalitet vode reka Veliki Lug i Kubršnica 3.1.4. Ocedne vode sa deponija MS 07 Doo–Preduzee za gajenje vonih sadnica, Stil 2000 Doo–Mešovoto farmerstvo, Šumadija–Živinarstvo U slivu reka Veliki Lug i Kubršnica se dnevno sakupi Doo Preduzee za uzgoj živine); u Kusadku (Zadruga– oko 21,1 tona komunalnog otpada, u ijoj strukturi gajenje žita i drugih useva i zasada, Polet–zadruga u preovauje organski otpad (oko 36 %) jer se radi o kraju steaju–gajenje žita i drugih useva i zasada) i u u kojem je razvijena poljoprivreda, voarstvo, Ratarima (Zadruga–gajenje žita i drugih useva i zasada). vinogradarstvo i stoarstvo. Ne postoji taan podatak o Pored poljoprivrednih farmi i zadruga u Glibovcu broju deponija, ali ih ima nekoliko stotina. U naseljima postoji i preduzea preraivake industije i to: Eurofeed na podruju opštine Mladenovac se vodi evidencija o doo–preduzee za proizvodnju gotove hrane za pojedinim deponijama, njihovom položaju, koliini i životinje, Ideal plast doo–preduzee
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