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Comparisons of the Geographical Relationships of Local Economic Partnerships Areas and Leader Advisory Group Areas in England

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Comparisons of the Geographical Relationships of Local Economic Partnerships Areas and Leader Advisory Group Areas in England Defra Rural Communities Policy Unit Comparisons of the Geographical Relationships of Local Economic Partnerships Areas and Leader Advisory Group Areas in England. John Shepherd and Sam Waples, Rural Evidence Research Centre Birkbeck College June 2013 Comparisons of the Geographical Relationships of Local Economic Partnerships Areas and Leader Advisory Group Areas in England 1 Introduction 1.1 The Rural Evidence Research Centre working with the University of Lincoln and Rose Regeneration on the evaluation of the 2005 – 2013 RDPE Leader programme was asked to provide a range of economic and social data to enable an assessment to be made of the geographical relationship between the 39 English Local Economic Partnerships (LEPS) and the 64 English Leader Advisory Group Areas (LAGs). 1.2 The purpose of the analyses was to provide data on characteristics of LEPs and LAGs and areas where there was no LAG coverage. Where appropriate there was to be information provided on the characteristics of LAGs/LEPs by urban rural definition. 1.2 In this note we explain the way the various areas were derived, focusing on those which Defra regards as most significant for policy reasons. We highlight the more significant findings in the data via a number of summary tables below. The full data for the study are contained in a series of corresponding Excel tables. Maps are presented in annexes to the note. 2. The LAG/LEP Areas 2.1 The 64 LAG areas are mutually exclusive in geographical terms (i.e. do not overlap) but do not provide complete geographic coverage of the country (Annex Map 1). They tend to sit within regional boundaries but cross them in some places. The 39 LEPS provide complete coverage of England but with overlaps in some places. In other words, some LEPs are not geographically mutually exclusive (Annex Map 2). They cross regional boundaries extensively. Areas where LAGs do not operate are shown on Annex Map 3. 2.2 LAGs were defined locally and the areas where they do not operate represent extensive areas of land, especially in some regions, for example, the East Midlands, East of England and Yorkshire and the Humber (Annex Map 1). Superficially there appear to be three territorial types where LAGs are absent: in a swathe of land running from the South West through parts of the West Midlands and into the East Midlands (comprising some of the fastest growing rural areas of the country in population terms); in areas of otherwise formally defined ‘rural’ settlement around some big cities (e.g. Tyneside, Birmingham/Black Country and Norwich) and in enclaves of land in a sense ‘residualized’ by the establishment of two or more neighbouring LAGs and in some coastal locations, for example, East Kent. 2.3 The overlay of 64 LAG on 39 LEP boundaries combined with 9 region boundaries (introduced for clarity of reporting some of the summary and main data) creates 4 ‘area types’ : LEP areas only (discounting LEP overlaps), LEP and LAG areas, LEP overlaps and areas where LEPs and LAGs overlap. Data are reported forall these areas in the accompanying spreadsheets. In this note we present summary data as requested for LAG areas, non LAG areas, LEP areas, areas where LAGs and LEPs overlap and LAG/nonLAG Rural_Urban Comparisons. 3 The Indicators 3.1 The measures or indicators we were asked to report on and their sources are as follows: Population: population, demographic structure and change from the Censuses 2001 and 2011. Economic Activity: Job Seekers Allowance Claimants (November 2012) and an approximate working age population (age 15-64) from the Census 2001. Industry: Employees, Proprietors (owners, self employed etc), FT, PT and a broad sectoral composition from 2011. From the Business Register and Employment Survey 2011. Businesses: The number of both Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs - less than 250 employees) and Total Business in 2010 as detailed by Local Units from the IDBR. Deprivation: from the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2010 measured as the proportion of LSOA areas falling within the top quintile of most deprived areas. Settlement Structure: population and number of areas summarised using the ONS/Defra Urban Rural definition by LSOA area. Land Type: total area and proportion of total area summarised by land use type from the OS Generalized Land Use Database 2005. 3.2 Most of these measures are composed of several sub-measures. For example, the Settlement variables contain nine sub measures on rural settlement type whilst the Industry/Employment variables contains no fewer than 47 sub measures on aggregate employment and employees by industry. It has proved difficult to summarize all these data in a convenient format so for the purposes of this note we have selected 10 sub measures to report on in a consistent manner for the areas involved. The Land Type data are not amenable to meaningful summary. The full tables LAG v LEP Characteristics.xlxs, LAG v UR.xlxs and LAG_Rural_NonRural.xlxs and their component worksheets give the full data. 3.3 The 10 sub measures used as summarisers are: Population Economic Activity Employment 65-79 % total pop % JSA Claimants Full-time (% of employees) All ages % change Part-time (% of employees) Business Deprivation Settlement No of SME % % of LSOAs in Most Deprived Decile Pop Urban% Employees in SME% Pop Rural% 4 The Geographical Categories of Interest (i) LAG Areas 4.1 The 64 LAGs (Annex Map 1) have a total population of 8.2 m in 2011 representing 15.5 percent of the total population of England (53m). There are considerable differences among regions in the number and proportion of population within LAGs (Table 1), the South West having just under 30 percent and the South East 22 percent compared with 13 percent in the North East and 11 percent in the West Midlands. Table 1 Number and Proportion of Population within LAGs by Region (2011) LAG Percent of Region LAG Non LAG Total Total East 1,061,414 4,785,551 18.2 5,846,965 East Midlands 845,022 3,688,200 18.6 4,533,222 London 0 8,173,941 0 8,173,941 North East 346,211 2,250,675 13.3 2,596,886 North West 1,165,049 5,887,128 16.5 7,052,177 South East 1,903,979 6,730,771 22.1 8,634,750 South West 1,545,534 3,743,401 29.2 5,288,935 West Midlands 628,669 4,973,178 11.2 5,601,847 Yorkshire & the 690,186 4,593,547 13.1 5,283,733 Humber Total 8,186,064 44,826,392 15.4 53,012,456 4.2 Highlights for LAG areas at regional level from a key selection1 of the variables noted above are given in Table 2A where high figures are given in red and low figures in green whilst maximum and minimum figures are given in Table 2B along with the relevant named LAG. 4.3 ‘Stand out’ regional differences relate to the high rates of population growth among LAGs in the East of England and the East Midlands and low growth in the North West and North East and the high percentages for JSA Claimants and IMD scores in the North East. Table 2B gives the maximum and minimum figures for the selected variables and the LAGs associated with them. LAGs in the North West and North East make several appearances in the table. (ii) Non LAG Areas 4.4 Comparisons between LAG and non LAG areas on the variables selected are shown in Table 3. The key differences in terms of demography, business structure and deprivation and, naturally, in urban/rural settlement levels. Key differences are in population structure and change, JSA claimant levels and proportion of small businesses. The LAG 1 The main tables contain far too many variables to summarise successfully. For example, the Industry data alone contain data for 19 basic variables not counting raw numbers and proportions. Similarly Land Use data cannot be summarised with meaning as they stand. area is more rural in population terms as expected though perhaps not as different as might be expected.2 Table 3 : LAG versus non LAG Areas on Summarising Variables Economic Population Activity Employment Status Businesses Deprivation Settlement Full-time (% Part- time % of % % of LSOAs in Urban Rural 65-79 % All ages % JSA of (% of Businesses Employed Most Deprived Population Population total pop % change Claimants employees) employees) (SMEs) in SMEs Decile % % LAG Area 15.4 5.8 2.2 65.6 34.4 99.8 84.6 1.8 33.5 66.5 Non LAG Area 11.1 8.3 3.8 67.9 32.1 99.5 71.1 11.5 90.0 10.0 4.5 A regional level summary for areas where LAGs do not currently operate is given as Annex Table 4. If London is excluded there are few notable differences between regions in terms of areas not covered by LAGs with the exception of JSA Claimants % (the North East stands out), level of deprivation (North West, Yorkshire and the Humber and West Midlands) and urban rural differences (North West). (ii) LEP Areas 4.6 The 39 LEPs are shown on Annex Map 2. A regional breakdown for LEPs is possibly inappropriate and complex given LEP areas overlap in several places. As a summary of the data for all LEPs we therefore present in Table 5A descriptive statistics for the summarising variables. Numbers in this table are not directly comparable given the differences in size of denominators and ranges. Where LEPs overlap data are assigned equally to both LEPs concerned. 4.7 Table 5B presents the max/min names and data for LEPs.
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