DOCSLIB.ORG

1960 Extensions of Remarks

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1960 Extensions of Remarks 1960 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD- HOUSE 6051 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS New York State Asse~Liy S.ows the The New York State legislation passed the .:flnancial.resources to build and maintain assembly by a vote of 114 and was sent to Way-Let's Put All Our Major Na· the Senate where it reportedly "has a good the type of school system which they chance of passage." The legislation is spon­ need. tional Nonreligious Holidays on Moll­ sored jointly by Assemblyman Richard J. Because education 1s so important to a days Bartlett, Republican, of Glens Falls, and Sen­ democratic society, I have long support;. ator Gill;>ert T. Seelye, Republican, of Burnt ed efforts in Congress to make financial Hills. Actually, May so falls on the laSt EXTENSION OF REMARKS assistance available to local school sys._ Monday in May this year. terns. At the same time I have in­ OJ' Congressman STRATTON, in similar com­ munications to Assemblyman Bartlett and sisted that any Federal assistance leave HON. SAMUEL S. STRATTON Senator Seelye, praised them for their action the sole · responsibility of operating OJ' NEW YORK and told them, "adoption of this provision schools to local communities. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by New York State w111 undoubtedly lead Federal control of the educational sys­ quickly to recognizing the wisdom of desig­ tem woUld be abhorrent to our concepts Friday, March 18, 1960 nating. such other holidays as Washington's of government. I firmly believe that our Birthday, Independence Day, and Veterans system of government is flexible enough Mr. STRATTON. Mr. Speaker, last Day also on Mondays." The Congressman year I introduced legislation, H.R. 8073, urged the State legislators to "persuade .to permit the Federal Government to to fix four of our major, nonreligious na­ their colleagues to memorialize Congress to help the States and localities with their tional holidays-Washington's Birthday, support H.R. 8073 and thus bring the rest of educational problems without assuming Memorial Day, Independence Day, and the country into line with New York State:• control of education. Veterans Day-on Mondays rather than He expressed agreement with the views at­ One other thing appears clear to me. on fixed calendar dates. This, of course, tributed to Assemblyman Bartlett that the No amount of Federal funds can insure bill would not only provide a long weekend a good educational program in every is precisely what we now do in the case for travel and recreation, but would also re­ of another major, nonreligious na­ duce absenteeism in industries. community. The primary responsibil­ tional hoilday-Labor Day, established ity rests with the local people. They uniformly on the first Monday in have to determine what the schools September. My proposal has the sup­ should teach and how it is taught. They port of both employee and man­ National Teacher of the Year have to attract and hold good teachers. agement groups since it would pro­ Added revenue in the form of Federal vide not only that observance of these assistance will enable many school dis· holidays would involve a long weekend EXTENSION OF REMARKS tricts to improve their school facilities, suitable for family travel and recreation, OF but unless the local people demonstrate but would also greatly reduce absen- HON. ELIZABETH KEE a deep and continuing interest in local teeism which inevitably results when or wEsT viRGINIA school problems, they will never have the holidays fall within the middle Of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES type of system to which the community week. is entitled. Mr. Speaker, I was greatly heartened. Friday, March 18, 1960 In the final analysis, the Nation's last week to learn that on Monday, Mrs. KEE. Mr. Speaker, all West Vir- school problems extend down to the lo.. March 14, the assembly of the legislature ginians can be proud of the selection of cal level where they must be solved. of my great State of New York passed the beautiful and talented Mrs. Hazel Local people, working with dedicated. and sent to the State senate a bill de- Davenport, of Beckly, as national teach­ teachers such as Mrs. Davenport, will, I signed to accomplish the purposes out- er of the year. am sure, provide the Nation with a lined in my bill with respect to Memorial It is particularly gratifying to me that school system that is capable of meeting Day, making it fall, in New York State, this honor should be bestowed upon a any challenge. on the last Monday of May rather than West Virginia teacher at a time when on May 30. our State has been the recipient of so I hope, Mr. Speaker, that the State much unfair publicity. The selection of senate and the Governor of New York Mrs. Davenport as the teacher of the April Is USO Month will join with the assembly in support- year will serve to remind the rest of the ing this sound and beneficial State leg- Nation that West Virginia has many EXTENSION OF REMARKS islation. If it does become law in New outstanding assets, one of the most im;. York then it will surely follow-if the portant of which is our young people who OF observances of our great national holi- are now being trained as future leaders. HON. JOHN V. LINDSAY days are to be in harmony throughout I am delighted that the National Edu· oF NEW YoRK the several States, as, of course, they cation Association is honoring a class- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES should be-that corresponding action, room teacher each year. along the lines of the Stratton bill, H.R. Mrs. Davenport, and the previous Friday, March 18,1960 8073, must be taken by this Congress. winners, are typical of the thousands of Mr. LINDSAY. Mr. Speaker, next For this reason the recent action at the · men and women throughout the Nation month has been designated as "USO State capitol at Albany, N.Y., represents who have dedicated their lives to teach- Month." Most people have associated the first major breakthrough for this ing. USO with parties and· shows for our men legislation of. mine and I am hopeful The teacher is one 'Of the most im- in uniform. But to us who have had the that Members of the House will now soon portant persons in our democratic so- privilege of serving in our Armed Forces give their attention and support to this ciety. Unfortunately, all of us have a it means more than that. It means a important matter. tendency to take them for granted. It deep and abiding concern by our people Under leave to extend my remarks, I usually takes a crisis of some sort to on the homefront for those whom they include the text of a news release on this force the public to earnestly concern . have sent to the four corners of the subject which I have issued today: itself with public education and with the world in our defense. congressman SAMUEL s. STRATToN, Demo· men and women who operate our schools This organization, made up of volun- . crat, of New York, yesterday haUed the ac- and teach our children. tary groups, has immeasurably assisted tion of the New York State Assembly, which It takes a tremendous amount of in the religious, spiritual, social, recrea­ last Monday adopted _a bill to establish Me- money to operate our schools. Many Io- tiona!, ·and educational needs of our mortal Day as the last Monday in May rather cal areas are making real :flnancial sac. men and women in the Armed Forces. It than on May 30, as "the first major break· through for my bill, H.R. 8073, which would rifices to provide their children with the has provided much needed services; com­ provide !or the observance of au nonreligious best possible· education. Other areas munity and travel information, counsel­ national holidays on Mondays." · find they simply do not have sufficient ing on personal and family problems. CVI-381 _6052 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD:=-- HOUSE March 18 housing bureaus, discussion groups, craft joyed Billboard Ban 33 Years and Prof­ Deadline for signing up for the Federal classes, games, snack bars-to mention ited By It," and quoting the comments bonus offer is June 30, 1961. of my colleague [Mr. FoNG] and myself One reason for delay thus far has been only a few. the activity of the billboard lobby, which Truly, it has· provided our men and on billboard control. press~ed Congress into watering down the women in uniform "a home away from I ask unanimous consent that the Federal law a.nd has· since been working home." . article be printed in the RECORD. against it within the State legislatures. Its services have tremendously boosted There being no objection, the article The law provides that .the Federal Govern­ the morale of our men and women in was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, ment will contribute one-half of 1 per­ uniform which, in turn, has placed them as follows: cent more than its 90 percent share of in combat readiness which is essential in interstate highway costs to States that agree HAWAnANS HAVE ENJOYED BILLBOARD BAN 33 to abide by minimum national standards of moments of tension. YEARS, AND PROFITED BY IT billboard control. USO activities are not confined alone (By Milton Britten) to our Armed Forces personnel here at WAsHINGTON.-It has been nearly 2 years 'home; it extends to such places overseas since the Federal billboard control law was ·as Anchorage, Fairbanks, Kodiak, Bal­ passed. Buy American Act boa, Cristobal, NiQe, Paps, Casablanca, . Yet not a single State h8$ come forward to Athens, .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Meat: a Novel
    University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Faculty Publications 2019 Meat: A Novel Sergey Belyaev Boris Pilnyak Ronald D. LeBlanc University of New Hampshire, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/faculty_pubs Recommended Citation Belyaev, Sergey; Pilnyak, Boris; and LeBlanc, Ronald D., "Meat: A Novel" (2019). Faculty Publications. 650. https://scholars.unh.edu/faculty_pubs/650 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sergey Belyaev and Boris Pilnyak Meat: A Novel Translated by Ronald D. LeBlanc Table of Contents Acknowledgments . III Note on Translation & Transliteration . IV Meat: A Novel: Text and Context . V Meat: A Novel: Part I . 1 Meat: A Novel: Part II . 56 Meat: A Novel: Part III . 98 Memorandum from the Authors . 157 II Acknowledgments I wish to thank the several friends and colleagues who provided me with assistance, advice, and support during the course of my work on this translation project, especially those who helped me to identify some of the exotic culinary items that are mentioned in the opening section of Part I. They include Lynn Visson, Darra Goldstein, Joyce Toomre, and Viktor Konstantinovich Lanchikov. Valuable translation help with tricky grammatical constructions and idiomatic expressions was provided by Dwight and Liya Roesch, both while they were in Moscow serving as interpreters for the State Department and since their return stateside.
    [Show full text]
  • Meat Packing, an Industry on the Deck
    University of Mississippi eGrove Touche Ross Publications Deloitte Collection 1964 Meat Packing, an industry on the deck Maurice McGill Iowa Beef Packers Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/dl_tr Part of the Accounting Commons, and the Taxation Commons Recommended Citation Quarterly, Vol. 10, no. 3 (1964, September), p. 17-21 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Deloitte Collection at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Touche Ross Publications by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. by Maurice McGill MEAT PACKIN6 The author wishes to express his appreciation to Iowa Beef Packers, Inc., for their cooperation in preparing this article. An Industry nn the Deck "Gentlemen, this industry is on the deck. It has hit the cheaper to transport the cattle to feed supplies, primarily bottom and has only one way to go — up." This statement corn, than it was to transport feed to the cattle, particu­ was made recently to a group of financial analysts by larly in view of the fact that in doing so, the cattle were A. D. Anderson, president of Iowa Beef Packers, Inc., as moved closer to the larger Eastern population centers he discussed one of the largest, most important industries where they would ultimately be consumed. Inadequate of the United States — meat packing. These comments, refrigeration and transportation facilities made it impera­ coming from the president of the newest member in the tive that meat slaughter plants be located close to the family of major meat packers, were greeted with some consumer.
    [Show full text]
  • Transition in the Fats and Oils Industry
    December 1958 Transition in the Tats and Oils Industry District Processors Seek Efficiency Problems that haunt an industry with excess capacity are plants processing animal fats is meat and not animal fats, exemplified by the fats and oils industry in the Sixth Fed­ however, those plants do not face the same problems con­ eral Reserve District. During the Second World War the fronting the vegetable oil industry. Sixth District states, for Government encouraged farmers to increase their soy­ example, have increased their edible animal fats and oil bean, cottonseed, and peanut production to relieve a production about one-fourth since 1950. During that critical war-born shortage of fats and oils. Processors time, there has been little change in total vegetable oil and manufacturers in the industry found it profitable to production. buy more and better equipment to handle the larger sup­ The District’s vegetable oil industry is made up of three plies. Researchers worked unceasingly to find substitutes segments—crushing, refining, and manufacturing. Crush­ for those oils in critical demand. Their efforts were suc­ ers, who extract crude oil from oil seeds, perform a dual cessful and many states over the nation found new oil operation in that they produce two products from the seeds crops—the bread of life for this growing industry. —oil and meal. Sold principally as a high protein feed Phenomenal growth records were made in vegetable for animals, meal is a finished product ready for sale on oil production. Nationally, we shifted from one of the the retail market. The oil, however, is in crude form, and world’s largest importers of fats and oils before the war needs further processing.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of the U.S. Meat Industry Elizabeth Boyle, Ph.D. and Rodolfo
    Development of the U.S. Meat Industry Elizabeth Boyle, Ph.D. and Rodolfo Estrada Department of Animal Sciences and Industry Kansas State University November 1994 The U.S. meat industry began during colonial times. Initially, colonists depended on wild animals for their meat supply. As the supply of domestic livestock increased, colonists became involved in trading meat with the West Indies in exchange for molasses. Meat was salted, smoked and packed into wooden barrels or boxes for storage and shipping. Hence, the term "meat packing." According to historical records, William Pynchon of Springfield, Massachusetts became the first American devoted to the 'packing' business. In 1655 he started by driving cattle to Boston, and was packing large numbers of hogs by 1662. The first retail meat shops were operated by colonial butchers. Having learned their trade in Europe, local butchers supplied meat to others in the community beyond their own immediate family. With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, eastern cities grew and the demand for meat increased. To serve this market, large cattle ranches were established west of the Mississippi river. Between 1865 and 1875, railroads expanded into the Mississippi and Ohio Valley regions. Range cattle were driven on hoof over cattle trails from production areas in the west to railheads. One of the best known trails was the Chisholm Trail which led from Texas to Abilene, Kansas. Railroad cattle cars were then used to transport livestock to large eastern packing houses. Cincinnati, Buffalo, Milwaukee and Chicago became centers of the packing industry. Meat packing was a seasonal industry, operating primarily during the cooler months.
    [Show full text]
  • 14 T.Txt the Hype from Hollywood: Tinseltown's Latest Assault on the Meat Industry Kendal Frazier; Janet Riley
    14_t.txt The Hype from Hollywood: Tinseltown's Latest Assault on the Meat Industry Kendal Frazier; Janet Riley [1]We're going to spend about an hour or so to hear from Kendal Frazier from the National Cattlemen's Beef Association and Janet Riley, one of my co-workers at the American Meat Institute, and they are going to talk about the hype from Hollywood; Tinsel Town's latest assault on the meat industry. First, I would like to introduce Kendal Frazier. Kendal is the Vice President of Communications at NCBA. He has spent twenty-one years at both the National Cattlemen's Association, NCA, as well as NCBA. He is a graduate of Kansas State University, and he was raised on a diversified livestock and grain operation in south-central Kansas, and Janet Riley, they are going to tag-team this morning on the talk, and Janet is the Senior Vice President of Public Affairs and Professional Development at the American Meat Institute. In her role, she develops public information on issues management strategy and manages various other public communications including AMI's news reporting on meatami.com. In addition, she is the liaison to the Animal Welfare Committee and oversees policy initiatives in this area. Janet also leads educational and professional development efforts for the Institute, and as a member of the AMI Crisis Management Team, she provides strategic counsel to AMI members when in need. So, with those brief introductions, I'm going to turn it over to Janet and Kendal. Thank you Randy and good morning everyone.
    [Show full text]
  • The Problem with Classroom Use of Upton Sinclair's the Jungle
    The Problem with Classroom Use of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle Louise Carroll Wade There is no doubt that The Jungle helped shape American political history. Sinclair wrote it to call attention to the plight of Chicago packinghouse workers who had just lost a strike against the Beef Trust. The novel appeared in February 1906, was shrewdly promoted by both author and publisher, and quickly became a best seller. Its socialist message, however, was lost in the uproar over the relatively brief but nauseatingly graphic descriptions of packinghouse "crimes" and "swindles."1 The public's visceral reaction led Senator Albert Beveridge of Indiana to call for more extensive federal regulation of meat packing and forced Congress to pay attention to pending legislation that would set government standards for food and beverages. President Theodore Roosevelt sent two sets of investigators to Chicago and played a major role in securing congressional approval of Beveridge's measure. When the President signed this Meat Inspec­ tion Act and also the Food and Drugs Act in June, he graciously acknowledged Beveridge's help but said nothing about the famous novel or its author.2 Teachers of American history and American studies have been much kinder to Sinclair. Most consider him a muckraker because the public^responded so decisively to his accounts of rats scurrying over the meat and going into the hoppers or workers falling into vats and becoming part of Durham's lard. Many embrace The Jungle as a reasonably trustworthy source of information on urban immigrant industrial life at the turn of the century.
    [Show full text]
  • Meat Industry Implemented Important Protocols and Procedures to Protect Its Workforce from the Threats Posed by the Pandemic
    December 17, 2020 Significant Events and Progress Involving the Meat and Poultry Industry during the COVID-19 Pandemic Summary President Trump declared the Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19 or pandemic) a national emergency on March 13. The meat and poultry industry, and the livestock sector more generally, has been at the forefront of much of the discussion regarding the pandemic’s adverse economic impact and worker safety. The North American meat industry implemented important protocols and procedures to protect its workforce from the threats posed by the pandemic. The learning curve dealing with this unprecedented disruption was steep at times and challenges were presented regarding testing and acquiring personal protective equipment (PPE). But from the pandemic’s inception meat and poultry companies have worked with federal, state, and local health officials to exchange information and implement practices and procedures to best protect workers. Those efforts have paid dividends, as evidenced by the limited number of COVID-19 cases in meat packing plants over the past several months, even as the number of cases nationally surged beyond those seen in the spring. The perceptions regarding worker safety based on April 2020 conditions likely do not match the September 2020 realities of worker safety in meat packing plants. The adverse economic impact of the pandemic also is undeniable. Economic experts in April estimated COVID-19’s cost to the cattle and beef sector to be $13.6 billion, and that number likely is low. Similarly, economic experts estimate the cost of the pandemic to hog producers, who were expecting 2020 to be a positive year, to be $5 billion or more.
    [Show full text]
  • Meat Industry Facts at a Glance.Indd
    Meat Industry Facts At A Glance The U.S. meat and poultry industry has grown dramatically over the past century in the United States, and so too have the protections provided to those we employ, the animals we handle and to the consumers who buy our products. Today, the U.S. meat and poultry industry is a $100 billion industry employing 500,000 people. Worker Safety While the meat and poultry industry is still labor intensive, promoting safe workplaces has rewards for both workers and businesses, including increased productivity, improved employee morale, reduced absenteeism and reduced expenses associated with injury and illness. • Meat industry injury and illness incidence rates now stand at the lowest level ever recorded. • In 1990, the U.S. meat Meat and Poultry Industry Rate of Injury and Illness Cases per industry, together with OSHA 100 Full-Time Workers United States 1991-2007 (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) and the United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW) union, developed Voluntary Ergonomic Guidelines for the Meat Packing Industry— guidelines that OSHA called a “model” for other industries. • The animal slaughter and processing sector’s total industry recordable rate -- cases per 100 full-time workers -- dropped 7.7 percent in 2007, from 9.1 to 8.4. • Animal slaughter and processing’s total industry DART rate, those cases of a more serious nature, declined as well to 5.5 in 2007 from 6.2 in 2006, a reduction of 11.3 percent. • These reductions follow a continuous improvement trend covering nearly two decades. For more information about these and other meat industry safety issues, visit www.workersafety.org.
    [Show full text]
  • Labor Practices in the Meat Packing and Poultry Processing Industry: an Overview
    Order Code RL33002 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Labor Practices in the Meat Packing and Poultry Processing Industry: An Overview July 20, 2005 William G. Whittaker Specialist in Labor Economics Domestic Social Policy Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Labor Practices in the Meat Packing and Poultry Processing Industry: An Overview Summary During the early 1960s, segments of the meat packing industry began to move from large urban centers to small communities scattered throughout the Mid-West. By century’s end, some suggest, this migration had effected major changes within the industry. The old packing firms that had established their dominance during the late 1800s had largely disappeared or been restructured as part of a new breed of packers. Joining with the poultry processors who had emerged in the wake of World War II, they quickly became a major force in American and, later, global industry. The urban-to-rural migration, some suggest, had at least two major motivations. One was to locate packing facilities in areas where animals were raised rather than transporting the stock to urban packinghouses as had been the tradition: a more economical arrangement. The other was a quest for lower labor costs: to leave behind the urban unions and their collective bargaining agreements and to operate, as nearly as possible, in a union-free environment. This initiative involved a low- wage strategy, allowing for employment of lower skilled and low-wage workers. The aftermath of this migration was complex. The urban unionized workforce, by and large, did not follow the migrating plants.
    [Show full text]
  • A Muckraker's Aftermath: the Jungle of Meat-Packing Regulation After A
    William Mitchell Law Review Volume 27 | Issue 4 Article 1 2001 A Muckraker's Aftermath: The unJ gle of Meat- packing Regulation after a Century Roger I. Roots Follow this and additional works at: http://open.mitchellhamline.edu/wmlr Recommended Citation Roots, Roger I. (2001) "A Muckraker's Aftermath: The unJ gle of Meat-packing Regulation after a Century," William Mitchell Law Review: Vol. 27: Iss. 4, Article 1. Available at: http://open.mitchellhamline.edu/wmlr/vol27/iss4/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews and Journals at Mitchell Hamline Open Access. It has been accepted for inclusion in William Mitchell Law Review by an authorized administrator of Mitchell Hamline Open Access. For more information, please contact [email protected]. © Mitchell Hamline School of Law Roots: A Muckraker's Aftermath: The Jungle of Meat-packing Regulation af A MUCKRAKER'S AFTERMATH: THEJUNGLE OF MEAT-PACKING REGULATION AFTER A CENTURY Roger Rootst I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................... 2413 II. T HEJUNGLE ......................................................................... 2415 III. WHAT WAS DONE ................................................................. 2419 IV. THE MICROSCOPIC WORLD ESCAPES CONTROL ................... 2426 V . CO NCLUSION ........................................................................ 2433 I. INTRODUCTION If Harriet Beecher Stowe can be blamed for the Civil War,' then Upton Sinclair must be blamed for the entirety of the gov- ernment's interdiction into American meat quality regulation dur- ing the twentieth century.2 Sinclair's novel The Jungle-set amid the wretched working conditions of Chicago's meat packing plants at the turn of the century-created an immense populist eruption in 1906, and led directly to passage of federal meat inspection laws3 t Roger Isaac Roots graduated from Roger Williams University School of Law in 1999 and Montana University-Billings (B.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Zwick Center for Food and Resource Policy Working Paper Series No
    Zwick Center for Food and Resource Policy Working Paper Series No. 39 Oligopoly Power in the Food Industries Revisited: A Stochastic Frontier Approach Rigoberto A. Lopez Hualu Zheng Azzeddine Azzam July 2015 Charles J. Zwick Center for Food and Resource Policy Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics College of Agriculture and Natural Resources 1376 Storrs Road, Unit 4021 Storrs, CT 06269-4021 Phone: (860) 486-2836 Fax: (860) 486-1932 [email protected] www.zwickcenter.uconn.edu Oligopoly Power in the Food Industries Revisited: A Stochastic Frontier Approach Rigoberto A. LopezA, Hualu ZhengB, and Azzeddine AzzamC AProfessor and Department Head Department of Agricultural & Resource Economics University of Connecticut Email: [email protected] BPhD Student Department of Agricultural & Resource Economics University of Connecticut Email: [email protected] CProfessor Department of Agricultural Economics University of Nebraska-Lincoln Email: [email protected] Selected Paper prepared for presentation at the Agricultural & Applied Economics Association’s 2015 AAEA & WAEA Joint Annual Meetings San Francisco, California, July 26-28, 2015 Copyright 2015 by the authors. All rights reserved. Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. 1 Oligopoly Power in the Food Industries Revisited: A Stochastic Frontier Approach Introduction Since the late 1980s, the analysis of market power in the food industries has shifted from analyzing market concentration (structure) towards empirically measuring how far a market diverges from perfect competition (conduct). The New Empirical Industrial Organization (NEIO; usually offspring of the work of Appelbaum, 1982, or Bresnahan, 1982) has dominated the food economics literature on market power in the past 25 years (see Kaiser and Suzuki, 2006, for a summary of NEIO applications to food industries) and continues to do so (Cakir and Balagtas, 2012; Hovhannisyan and Gould, 2012; Cleary and Lopez, 2014).
    [Show full text]
  • 19Th Century Development of Refrigeration in the American Meat Packing Industry David I
    Tenor of Our Times Volume 8 Article 14 Spring 2019 19th Century Development of Refrigeration in The American Meat Packing Industry David I. Smith Harding University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.harding.edu/tenor Part of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Smith, David I. (Spring 2019) "19th Century Development of Refrigeration in The American Meat Packing Industry," Tenor of Our Times: Vol. 8, Article 14. Available at: https://scholarworks.harding.edu/tenor/vol8/iss1/14 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Footer Logo Arts & Humanities at Scholar Works at Harding. It has been accepted for inclusion in Tenor of Our Times by an authorized editor of Scholar Works at Harding. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 19TH CENTURY DEVELOPMENT OF REFRIGERATION IN THE AMERICAN MEAT PACKING INDUSTRY By David I. Smith The United States, particularly the city of Chicago, proved to be the center of the development of modern refrigeration. The United States led the cutting edge for refrigerator technology as well as natural ice manufacturing by decades in various areas. Certain technologies such as refrigerated railway cars and cold storage facilities proved to be monumental to advancement in the industry. Various works of meat packing giants made revolutionization of refrigerator technology possible. Chicago meat packing titans such as Armour, Hammond, and Swift were key to the development of this transformation. This paper analyzes the development of Chicago’s meat packing industry and its role in refrigeration, and the invention of these key technologies.
    [Show full text]