Cargo Luchtvaartmaatschappijen

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Cargo Luchtvaartmaatschappijen FACULTEIT TOEGEPASTE FACULTEIT RECHTSGELEERDHEID ECONOMISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN ACADEMIEJAAR 2014 – 2015 Economische analyse van het bedrijfsmodel van all-cargo luchtvaartmaatschapPijen MasterProef voorgedragen tot het bekomen van de graad van Master of Science in de Maritieme WetenschapPen Baptiste De Vleeschauwer onder leiding van Promotor Prof. dr. Eddy Van de Voorde & Commissaris dr. Franziska KuPfer FACULTEIT TOEGEPASTE FACULTEIT RECHTSGELEERDHEID ECONOMISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN ACADEMIEJAAR 2014 – 2015 Economische analyse van het bedrijfsmodel van all-cargo luchtvaartmaatschapPijen MasterProef voorgedragen tot het bekomen van de graad van Master of Science in de Maritieme WetenschapPen Baptiste De Vleeschauwer onder leiding van Promotor Prof. dr. Eddy Van de Voorde & Commissaris dr. Franziska KuPfer PERMISSION Ondergetekende verklaart dat de inhoud van deze masterproef mag geraadpleegd en/of gereproduceerd worden, mits bronvermelding. Baptiste De Vleeschauwer Masterproef Baptiste De Vleeschauwer II VOORWOORD Tijdens de wereldwijde economische crisis, die startte in 2009, kwamen de winstmarges van veel sectoren onder druk. Zo ook de transportindustrie en meer uitgesproken de cargo luchtvaartsector. Ondanks de steeds toenemende globalisering blijft deze sector zeer onstabiel met de bijhorende faillissementen, doorstarten of overnames. Deze masterproef probeert, zes jaar na het ontstaan van de tweede “Great Depression”, een strategische inkijk te geven in het bedrijfsmodel en de vooruitzichten van de Europese all-cargo luchtvaartsector en waar mogelijk oplossingen aan te reiken voor een duurzamer model. Mijn interesse voor de luchtvaartsector vloeit voort uit een cursus, gegeven door Prof. dr. Eddy Van de Voorde en dr. Franziska Kupfer, aan de Universiteit Antwerpen in het kader van de interuniversitaire samenwerking met de Universiteit Gent omtrent de opleiding Maritieme Wetenschappen. Ik ben dan ook zeer dankbaar deze masterproef onder hun begeleiding te hebben mogen uitwerken. Daarnaast wil ik ook mijn collega’s bij de Corporate Banking afdeling van ABN AMRO Bank bedanken voor hun bereidwilligheid om mij deze opleiding te laten afwerken in combinatie met een uiterst leerrijke job. Deze masterproef vormt het sluitstuk van een boeiend traject waarbij ik steeds de volle steun van mijn ouders, zus en andere familieleden kon genieten. Hun onvoorwaardelijke steun heeft mij door enkele moeilijke momenten geholpen en zal mij steeds bijblijven. Baptiste De Vleeschauwer Masterproef Baptiste De Vleeschauwer III INHOUDSTAFEL VOORWOORD ................................................................................................................................................. III INHOUDSTAFEL ............................................................................................................................................. IV LIJST GEBRUIKTE AFKORTINGEN ......................................................................................................... VII LIJST GEBRUIKTE FIGUREN ....................................................................................................................... IX LIJST GEBRUIKTE TABELLEN ...................................................................................................................... X INLEIDING ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 DEEL 1 LITERATUURSTUDIE ................................................................................................................... 5 HOOFDSTUK 1: EVOLUTIE VAN DE VRAAG NAAR TRANSPORT ............................................................................... 5 1.1 Veranderend productieproces ....................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Wereldeconomie .................................................................................................................................................. 7 HOOFDSTUK 2: CARGO .................................................................................................................................................. 9 2.1 Soorten producten .............................................................................................................................................. 9 2.2 Prijszetting ......................................................................................................................................................... 12 HOOFDSTUK 3: LOCATIE ............................................................................................................................................ 14 3.1 Afzetmarkt .......................................................................................................................................................... 14 3.2 Directe omgeving en infrastructuur ........................................................................................................ 15 HOOFDSTUK 4: EXTERNE FACTOREN ...................................................................................................................... 20 4.1 Olieprijs ................................................................................................................................................................ 20 4.2 Wetgeving ........................................................................................................................................................... 24 4.3 Veiligheid ............................................................................................................................................................. 28 4.4 Milieu en hinder ................................................................................................................................................ 30 4.5 Innovatie .............................................................................................................................................................. 32 4.6 Vakbondsafvaardiging .................................................................................................................................. 34 Masterproef Baptiste De Vleeschauwer IV HOOFDSTUK 5: CONCURRENTIE & SAMENWERKING ........................................................................................... 35 5.1 Binnen de luchtvaartsector ......................................................................................................................... 35 5.1.1 All-cargo luchtvaartmaatschappijen ................................................................................................................................. 35 5.1.2 Forwarders .................................................................................................................................................................................. 36 5.1.3 Allianties ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 39 5.1.4 Integrators ................................................................................................................................................................................... 40 5.1.5 Combi-luchtvaartmaatschappijen ...................................................................................................................................... 42 5.2 Andere transportmodi ................................................................................................................................... 44 5.2.1 Wegvervoer ................................................................................................................................................................................. 47 5.2.2 Scheepsvaart ............................................................................................................................................................................... 49 5.2.3 Spoorvervoer .............................................................................................................................................................................. 51 HOOFDSTUK 6: PRESTATIE-INDICATOREN ............................................................................................................. 57 6.1 Algemene prestatie-indicatoren ................................................................................................................ 57 6.2 Falingspredictie modellen ............................................................................................................................ 60 6.2.1 Altman Z-score ........................................................................................................................................................................... 60 6.2.2 Kroeze K-score ........................................................................................................................................................................... 61 DEEL 2 ONDERZOEK ................................................................................................................................ 63 HOOFDSTUK 7: ONDERWERPEN VAN LUCHTVAARTMAATSCHAPPIJEN AAN PRESTATIE INDICATOREN ...... 63 HOOFDSTUK 8: ONDERWERPEN VAN LUCHTVAARTMAATSCHAPPIJEN AAN FALINGSPREDICTIE MODELLEN ............................................................................................................................................................................................
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