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Peregrine Falcon Feeding on Bats in Suriname, South America

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Peregrine Falcon Feeding on Bats in Suriname, South America FEEDING BEHAVIOR Peregrine Falcon feeding on bats in Suriname, South America With noteson bat predationby other membersof the genusFalco Jan Erik Pierson and Paul Donahue ATSARE AN ABUNDANT potential food at duskand againnoted a Peregrine,pre- tion indicatesthat the male may have sourcein the New World, especially sumably the same individual, pursuing beenterritorial at this site throughoutits m the Neotropics(Morris, 1965andpers. bats.The duskbat flight wasalready well winter stayin Paramaribo.Additionally, obs ), and a numberof raptorshave been under way, and hundredswere crossing we believethat it is quitelikely, although reportedto feed on them. Publishedre- the river from the city. Donahue ob- by no means certain, that the 1979 and portson bat predationin the Neotropics servedthe falconhunting for 25 minutes, early 1981 sightingsalso were of the includeAplomado Falcon, Falcofemor- during which time it capturedtwo bats sameadult male. Donahueagain noted an ahs (fiYench, 1967), Bat Falcon, F. ruff- duringtwo sallies(a sally being defined adult male at the waterfront on December gularis (Brown & Amadon, 1968, Cade, here as the time spentaway from a hunt- 19, 1981. If this wasthe sameindividual, 1982), Orange-breastedFalcon, F. deiro- ing perchin activepursuit of prey). After it would representa return to the same leucus (Cade, 1982), Merlin, F. colurn- eachcapture it flew backtoward the city, winter site in at least three out of four bartus (Bent, 1938), Broad-winged apparentlyto feed. On January28 both years. Hawk, Buteoplatypterus (Norris, 1953), authors went to the waterfront to watch In 1981the Peregrineregularly hunted Barn Owl, Tyro alba (Hayerschmidt, for the Peregrineat dusk. On this occa- batsat dusk,and, although we madeonly 1968), Tropical Screech-Owl,Otus cho- sion the Peregrinewas notedfor the first one morning observation,we believe the hba (Walker et al., 1964), and reportsat time perchingin a tall radiotower (tower bird probablyhunted regularly at dawnas two locationsfor the PeregrineFalcon, F. A), approximately55 m highand located well. We observedthe Peregrinefor a peregrinus (Sick, 1961, Sprunt, 1951, approximately50 m from the river. Dur- total of 6 hours40 minutes,including six and Stager, 1941). ing three hunting sallies observedthat completedusk huntingsessions and one During two trips to Surinamein 1979 eveningthe Peregrinecaptured a total of completedawn sessionand a total of 28 and 1981we had the opportunityto make four bats, includingtwo duringthe first separatesallies. a seriesof observationson a Peregrine sally. A total of eightattempts was made. The duskbat flight from the city typi- Falconfeeding on bats in the capitalcity We do not know if this representeda cally started at about 1800 hours, ap- of Paramaribo. complete hunting session.During this proximately45 minutesbefore complete Paramaribo is situated on the west and all subsequentobservations the darkness. The Peregrine would often bank of the Suriname River, approxi- plumageindicated that the falconswere starthunting before any bats were visible mately 40 km upstreamfrom its outlet of the migratory race F.p. tundrius to us and would continue through the into the Atlantic. At the capital the river (White, 1968). heavy flight of bats between 1810 and is approximatelyone km wide. A large 1830 hours. Although many bats were numberof bats roostsin or near the city PONOUR RETURN toSuriname inJan- still visible, the bird usuallywould retire during the day, and thousandscan be uary of 1981 we again found a Per- to its roost in tower B for the night by seenflying acrossthe river to and from egrinein residencein Paramariboand de- 1835 hours, by which time it may have the city at dawn and dusk. Our observa- cided to make a series of observations of been too dark for effective pursuit. Our tions suggestthat, by size, shape,and its huntingtechnique. We believethat, at one morning's observationsshowed, in behavior, the bats belong to the family least through our 1981 observations, terms of lighting conditions, approxi- Molossidae, genus Molossus (G. from January 14 to March 2, our sight- mately the same timing in reverse. McKracken, pets. comm.). These are ings refer to the same individual. This common insectivorousbats widespread assumptionis supportedby the consistent UR OBSERVATIONSSUGGEST that, in the Neotropics(Walker et al., 1964). appearanceof the bird's plumageand when it was inactiveduring the day Husson(1962) supportsour conclusion size and by our observationof an aggres- andnight, the Peregrinewould roost high describingMollossus mollosus and M. sive interaction between this individual, on tower B, usingtower A asthe take-off ater as the most common insectivorous by size presumeda male, and an intrud- point during huntingsessions and also bats roostingin buildingsin Suriname. ing female. While the male was perched returning there to consume its prey Donahue first observed a Peregrine in tower A, the female approachedthe These two towers are by far the highest chasingthese bats during a late afternoon area and perchedhigh in a nearbyradio points near the waterfront. A typical visit to the city's waterfronton January tower (tower B), approximately60 m tall hunting sequence included departure 25, 1979. The falcon made several at- and located 250 m from the river. The from tower A and a long steadyclimb or temptsat takingbats but no capturewas male immediately flew to tower B and spiral to gain heightover the bats, which observed.Donahue returned the next day chasedthe female away. This observa- typically flew 25-70 m above the river, Vol 37, Number 3 257 the Peregrinewould pause momcntardy minutes During this time a minimum of which may havebeen captured by a Per- at the top of its rise, angledownward, 155 capture attemptswas made and at egrine. give a numberof powerfulwingbeats to least 19 bats were taken. Never more than gain speed,then set its wingsfor the onebat per sallywas taken in 1981.Thus stoop.If successful,the bird would either duringour observationsthe averagesally snatch the bat in mid-air or strike it, stun- time was 3 minutes 26 seconds, and an EinstancesKNOW OFof ATbat LEAST hunting three by otherPer- rangit or killing it instantlyand causing it averageof 8.16 attemptswere madefor egrines.Sick (1961, in Brazil)and Stager to tumble down, whereuponthe Per- everybat captured.This representsasuc- (1941, and othersat the samelocation in egrinewould swoopdown to catchthe cess rate of 12.2%. Ratcliffe (1980), Texas) have reportedPeregrines preying bator failingthat, pick it from the surface however, suggeststhat many chasesmay on bats. Both of these cases involved one of the river. Occasionallya bat wouldbe not be actualattempts at prey capturebut or more Peregrinesattacking concentrat- hit but would recover and continue may insteadbe play, makingthe success ed groupsof Brazilian Free-tailed Bats flying. Upon capture,prey was carried rate of captureseem lower than it is. This (Tadarida braziliensis, also Molossidae) back to tower A for consumption.We couldalso be the casewith our Peregrine. as they left their roosts in caves. Our never observedprey eatenin the air, as Sometimes he would seem listless in its 1979and 1981sightings differ from these mentionedby Sprunt(1951). If the Per- effortsto capturea bat and yet on other two publishedreports in that the bats in egrinefailed to hit a bat, it wouldopen its occasionswould appearto take preywith Paramaribo were evenly distributed in wings to brake, sweep up, often make great ease. The minimum numberof at- flight over a large area. Batswere visible what looked to us like a half-hearted sec- temptsper sally was onewhile the maxi- crossingthe river for at least two km ond attemptat the samebat, or simply mum was 29. alongthe waterfront.Lastly, on Novem- beginclimbing again for the next stoop. During the six dusk sessionsthe bird ber 11, 1976, Donahue observedan im- On two occasions, however, the Pere- captured18 bats for an averageof three maturePeregrine make an attemptat cap- grine made a seriesof three attemptsat bats per session.The one morning ses- turingan insectivorousbat (probably also differentbats in one continuoussloping sion we observedyielded only one cap- a Molossid)at dawn in the CaroniSwamp stoop,pulling up only after missingthe turc for four sallies before the bird ap- in Trinidad. third bat. pearedto roost for the day. We do not In tropical SouthAmerica three other- know if this apparentdiscrepancy be- members of the genus Falco also are tween eveningand morning capture rates known to take smallbats as prey. ffrench LTHOUGH'FHI5Peregrine was seen to is representativeof the bird's daily feed- (1967) has observedAplomado Falcon approachbats from virtuallyall di- ing habits throughoutits winter stay in hunting Molossid bats in Trinidad The rections,the mostcommon approach was Suriname. Orange-breasted Falcon "commonly from the rear. During a stoopbeginning Sincewe did not observethe Peregrine catches bats ..... in the air and shows a above and behindthe bat, the bird typi- for an entireday, we are alsonot certain decidedly crepuscularpattern of activ- callywould drop slightly below the level how much of the bird's total huntingef- ity" (Cade, 1982). The Bat Falcon is of the bat and rise to strike it. This ap- fort thesemorning and eveningsessions probablythe commonestand most wide- proachfrom the rearmay, as suggcsted represent.It hasbeen noted (Beebe, 1974 spreadof the falconswhich prey on bats byRodriguez (1972), take advantage of a andpets. ohs.) that thereis a
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