Rogaland Region Seen by Esrs
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Rogaland Region seen by ESRs “A close look to university-industry collaborations in Rogaland” Utku Ali Rıza Alpaydın David Fernández Guerrero Centre for Innovation Research, UiS Business School Department of Business and Management University of Stavanger Aalborg University 3 February 2020 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 722295. Outline 1 • PART I : Overview of university-industry collaborations in Norway • Data & Methodology • Results • Discussion & Conclusion (Survey) • PART II: Exploring how UICs start, and unfold through case studies • Data & Methodology • Results • Discussion & Conclusion (Case studies) • PART III: Overall Discussion & Conclusion: Linking the case studies to the survey • Food for Thought A close look to university-industry collaborations in Rogaland Alpaydın (UiS) & Guerrero (AAU) Part I: University-Industry Collaboration (UIC) 2 • Potentially ideal, practically difficult • The least preferred partners for businesses (Fitjar&Rodriguez-Pose, 2017) • A variety of channels: Joint research projects, co-publications, graduate recruitment, spin-offs, consultancy, etc., • Focus on ‘the tip of the iceberg’ (Norn, 2016) • Large investments in firms’ ability to acquire knowledge might be needed: R&D spending, university-trained employees (Drejer & Østergaard, 2017; Laursen & Salter, 2004). • SMEs, firms sectors traditionally not linked to university research, UIC less likely (Pavitt, 1984). • Divergent institutional logics as the barriers • Differences in incentive mechanisms, motivations, time horizons, secrecy and heavy bureaucracy (Bruneel et al., 2010) • ‘Two worlds’ paradox (Hewitt-Dundas et al., 2019) A close look to university-industry collaborations in Rogaland Alpaydın (UiS) & Guerrero (AAU) Context 3 • Telephone survey by IPSOS Nordland Troms • December 2018 66 (16) 52 (9) • 1,201 businesses in Norway • 9 counties (Akershus, Aust-Agder, Hordaland Hordaland, Nordland, Oslo, Rogaland, Troms, 183 (25) Trøndelag Trøndelag and Vest-Agder) 132 (40) • 7 sectors • +5 employees • Mainly targeted to account for Oslo-Akershus 498 (91) university-industry collaborations Rogaland 196 (29) Aust- & Vest-Agder 97 (19) A close look to university-industry collaborations in Rogaland Alpaydın (UiS) & Guerrero (AAU) Data & Methodology 4 • UIC types Research-oriented interactions Commercialization - Consultancy / Contract research - Purchase of university patent, license or other IPR - Joint research projects - Use of universities’ facilities, laboratories, equipment etc. - Creation/funding of Research Centers / Incubation centers / Research, Science and Technology Parks - Creation of new ventures/firms (Spin-offs, start-ups) Education-oriented interactions - Joint PhD supervision/Industrial PhDs Informal interactions - Temporary staff exchanges for research purposes - Informal consultations - Training of firm staff/employees - Student internships/apprenticeships - Student projects (Bachelor and Masters level) - Guest lecturing at universities Other interactions - Recruitment of graduates based on a contract/referral - Sponsorship, scholarships, fellowships provided to university - Co-development and co-delivery of curriculum (courses, modules, study programmes) - Joint organization of events (seminars, conferences) - Other interactions A close look to university-industry collaborations in Rogaland Alpaydın (UiS) & Guerrero (AAU) Dark Side – No Collaborators 5 • Barriers / reasons for not collaborating Oslo& Whole W/O Rogaland Agder Hordaland Trøndelag Troms Nordland Akershus Norway Rogaland We do not have any need to interact with universities. 3.68 3.78 3.58 3.84 3.33 3.88 3.54 3.64 3.63 We do not have any capacity to interact with universities. 3.42 3.58 3.22 3.52 3.14 2.85 3.18 3.30 3.27 We do not know how to contact universities. 2.88 2.58 2.55 2.69 2.74 2.24 2.71 2.64 2.59 We do not know how universities can help us. 3.73 3.68 3.52 3.47 3.37 3.48 3.86 3.56 3.53 We do not believe that universities have the competence 2.28 2.17 2.33 2.34 1.79 2.13 2.24 2.25 2.24 to respond to our needs. We lack funding/financial resources to interact with 2.90 2.63 2.85 2.80 2.82 2.87 2.80 2.83 2.81 universities. We find universities hard to interact with due to heavy 2.79 2.73 2.88 2.95 2.90 3.52 3.00 2.90 2.92 bureaucracy. We find universities hard to interact with due to different 2.79 2.98 2.74 2.85 2.90 3.44 3.44 2.85 2.86 motivations, time horizons. We are located far away from universities. 1.50 1.92 1.34 2.02 1.91 2.31 2.63 1.67 1.71 A close look to university-industry collaborations in Rogaland Alpaydın (UiS) & Guerrero (AAU) Bright Side – Collaborators 6 • Reasons for collaborating Oslo& Whole W/O Rogaland Agder Hordaland Trøndelag Troms Nordland Akershus Norway Rogaland We want access to new knowledge. 4.21 4.21 3.91 3.57 4.33 4.22 3.88 4.01 3.99 We want to improve the skills of our employees/develop 3.72 4.21 3.43 3.54 3.82 3.38 3.50 3.61 3.60 human resource capacities. We want access to R&D facilities. 3.18 3.63 2.64 2.93 3.30 3.38 3.40 3.02 3.00 We want access to human resources (students and staff) 4.10 4.63 4.37 3.86 4.45 4.50 4.50 4.32 4.35 at the university. We want to obtain funding/financial resources. 2.25 2.39 2.36 2.61 2.73 2.50 3.00 2.50 2.53 We want to address societal challenges better. 3.68 3.95 3.97 3.71 4.05 4.44 4.38 3.96 4.00 We want to increase our image, prestige and reputation. 3.55 4.00 3.77 3.93 3.70 3.89 4.25 3.81 3.84 A close look to university-industry collaborations in Rogaland Alpaydın (UiS) & Guerrero (AAU) Main university partners: Who & Where? 7 • Distribution of main university partners by location 100 % 2.3 3.8 2.6 2.7 7.1 7.7 11.1 90 % 21.1 15.4 27.1 80 % 28.6 38.4 50.0 70 % 60 % 50 % 89.7 88.9 40 % 78.9 80.8 70.1 64.3 30 % 59.3 50.0 20 % 10 % 0 % Rogaland Agder Oslo&Akershus Hordaland Trøndelag Troms Nordland Whole Norway International 2 0 2 1 1 0 0 6 National 8 4 33 4 3 1 7 60 Regional 18 15 51 21 35 8 7 155 A close look to university-industry collaborations in Rogaland Alpaydın (UiS) & Guerrero (AAU) Main university partners: What drives collaborations? 8 Cognitive Proximity Organizational Proximity Institutional Proximity 4 2,5 3,5 3,5 3 2 3 2,5 2,5 1,5 2 2 1,5 1,5 1 1 1 0,5 0,5 0,5 0 0 0 Research Commercialization Education Informal Other Research Commercialization Education Informal Other Research Commercialization Education Informal Other Social Proximity Geographical Proximity 3,5 3,5 3 3 2,5 2,5 2 2 Rogaland 1,5 1,5 Whole Norway 1 1 0,5 0,5 0 0 Research Commercialization Education Informal Other Research Commercialization Education Informal Other A close look to university-industry collaborations in Rogaland Alpaydın (UiS) & Guerrero (AAU) Main collaboration channels 9 • Distribution of UIC types by regions Total Nordland 13 % Troms 20 % 13 % 12 % Trøndelag 8 % 28 % Hordaland 7 % 8 % 8 % Oslo-Akershus 8 % Agder 18 % 26 % 16 % 16 % 29 % 35 %12 % Rogaland 7 % 19 % Research-oriented interactions 11 % 5 % Commercialization-oriented interactions 9 % 4 %10 % 47 % Education-oriented interactions 2 % Informal interactions 59 % 4 % Other interactions 53 % 42 % 42 % 59 % 7 % 33 % 63 % 47 % A close look to university-industry collaborations in Rogaland Alpaydın (UiS) & Guerrero (AAU) Collaboration outputs 10 • What do the collaborations deliver? Rogaland Agder Oslo&Akershus Hordaland Trøndelag Troms Nordland Whole Norway (37) (31) (136) (42) (55) (14) (21) (336) % % % % % % % % Patents, licenses or other IPR 5.4 0.0 8.1 7.1 12.7 7.1 9.5 7.7 Joint publications 5.4 3.0 15.4 11.9 7.3 7.1 4.8 10.4 Spin-off / Start-up company 5.4 3.0 2.2 2.4 5.5 7.1 0.0 3.3 Recruitment of graduates/ 16.2 15.2 22.8 26.2 23.6 21.4 28.6 22.2 transfer of university staff Product innovation 32.4 18.2 14.7 26.2 25.5 7.1 4.8 19.2 Process innovation 5.4 21.2 9.6 4.8 7.3 21.4 14.3 10.1 Organizational innovation 5.4 6.1 5.1 4.8 5.5 0.0 9.5 5.3 Marketing innovation 10.8 12.1 8.8 9.5 5.5 7.1 9.5 8.9 Other 13.5 21.2 13.2 7.1 7.3 21.4 19.0 13.0 A close look to university-industry collaborations in Rogaland Alpaydın (UiS) & Guerrero (AAU) Collaborators of UiS 11 • Distribution of collaborations by universities per geographical scale 0 % 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 % 60 % 70 % 80 % 90 % 100 % Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) 45.3 54.7 Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) 83.3 16.7 University of Agder 83.3 16.7 University of Bergen 80.0 20.0 University of Stavanger 100.0 University of Tromsø – The Arctic University of Norway 57.1 42.9 Nord University 100.0 BI Norwegian Business School 80.0 20.0 Western Norway University of Applied Sciences (HVL) 90.0 10.0 University of Oslo 100.0 Other Norwegian universities 75.0 25.0 Total 72.1 27.9 Regional National A close look to university-industry collaborations in Rogaland Alpaydın (UiS) & Guerrero (AAU) Collaborators of UiS 12 • The most interacted universities by UIC category 100 % 5,6 12,5 17,9 16,7 14,9 90 % 22,2 20,0 20,0 23,1 20,0 16,7 28,6 7,8 80 % 3,6 7,7 6,7 11,1 13,3 70 % 20,0 70,0 33,3 35,9 60 % 38,9 40,0 35,7 46,2 47,1 Other interactions 50 % 100,0 30,0 64,3 Informal interactions 40 % 6,3 50,0 53,3 Education-oriented interactions 11,1 Commercialization-oriented interactions 30 % 7,1 4,1 Research-oriented interactions 50,0 20 % 37,5 33,3 30,8 27,8 28,6 30,0 30,0 26,2 10 % 11,1 13,3 14,3 5,6 0 % Norwegian Norwegian University of University of University of University of Nord BI Norwegian Western University of Other Foreign Total University of University of Agder Bergen Stavanger Tromsø – The University Business Norway Oslo Norwegian universities Science and Life Sciences Arctic School University of universities Technology (NMBU) University of Applied (NTNU) Norway Sciences (HVL) A close look to university-industry collaborations in Rogaland Alpaydın (UiS) & Guerrero (AAU) Discussion & Conclusion (Survey) 13 • UICs happen mostly in the local sphere, but differences among regions should be acknowledged (slide 7).