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UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Queer Deformities: Disability and Sexuality in Eighteenth-Century Women's Fiction—Haywoo

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UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Queer Deformities: Disability and Sexuality in Eighteenth-Century Women's Fiction—Haywoo UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Queer Deformities: Disability and Sexuality in Eighteenth-Century Women’s Fiction—Haywood, Scott, Burney A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Literature by Jason S. Farr Committee in charge: Professor George Haggerty, Co-Chair Professor Kathryn Shevelow, Co-Chair Professor Michael Davidson Professor Margaret Loose Professor Cynthia Truant 2013 Copyright Jason S. Farr, 2013 All rights reserved The Dissertation of Jason S. Farr is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Co-Chair Co-Chair University of California, San Diego 2013 iii DEDICATION For John iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page………………………………………………………………………...iii Dedication……………………………………………………………………………..iv Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………v List of Figures…………………………………………………………………………vi Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………...vii Vita…………………………………………………………………………………….xi Abstract of the Dissertation………...………………………………………………...xii Introduction: Deformity, Queerness, and Women’s Writing…………………………..1 Chapter One: Deafness, Masculinity, and the Community of Senses in Eliza Haywood’s A Spy on the Conjurer (1724) and the Duncan Campbell Compendium………………………………………………………………………….45 Chapter Two: Sapphism and Accessibility in Sarah Scott’s Millenium Hall (1762)..103 Chapter Three: Attractive Deformity: Enabling the “Shocking Monster” from Sarah Scott’s Agreeable Ugliness (1754)………………………………...………………..139 Chapter Four: Sharp Minds / Twisted Bodies: Physical Disability, Female Education, and Widowhood in Frances Burney’s Camilla (1796)……………...………………170 Conclusion: The Variable Body Made Legible; or, where to go from here?..............222 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………228 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Hand gesture chart from John Bulwer’s Chirologia………………….. 57 Figure 1.2: Sign alphabet chart from Bond’s History of the Life and Adventures of Mr. Duncan Campbell…………………………………………………………………. 84 Figure 1.3: Frontispiece from John Bulwer’s Philocophus……………………….. 95 Figure 3.1: Illustrations from Nothing Irregular in Nature: or, Deformity, a Fancy……………………………………………………………………………....150 Figure 4.1: Illustration from Frances Barlow’s Life of Æsop……………………..178 Figure 4.2: Another illustration from Barlow’s Life of Æsop……………………..186 vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I give heartfelt thanks to my committee, especially my chairs, George Haggerty and Kathryn Shevelow. I thank George for reading every word of my writing over the past three years, giving me generous, timely feedback and counsel, meeting with me on countless occasions, and taking me on as a student even though he had no obligation to do so. I thank Kathryn for initially introducing me to the queer eighteenth century, teaching me so much about theatrical culture and women’s writing, hosting me at her beautiful vacation rental home in Islington while I worked at the British Library, and being a great mentor and friend from my first quarter in the department onward. I would also like to thank Michael Davidson for his mentorship, for introducing me to the vibrant field of disability studies, and for helping me to polish and submit my article on Frances Burney to The Eighteenth Century: Theory and Interpretation. I thank Margaret Loose for teaching me how to read and teach poetry, and Cynthia Truant for her encouragement and support in both the qualifying and defense stages of my graduate career. Thanks also to Rosemary George, Lisa Lowe, and Meg Wesling for being terrific Directors of Graduate Studies, and to Jodi Blanco, Jaime Concha, Stephanie Jed, Dayna Kalleres, Lisa Lampert-Weissig, and Don Wayne for offering such thought-provoking seminars during my course-work years at UCSD. Also, I would like to thank Corrinne Harol, whose classes inspired me to want to become an eighteenth-century scholar while I was an undergraduate at the University of Utah. I also thank Gema Guevara, also from Utah, for teaching me theoretical approaches to literature that I still use today, and for encouraging me to think seriously about a graduate career at UCSD. vii My completion of this dissertation is also due in large part to generous fellowships and awards I have been fortunate to receive. Thanks especially to the Literature Department at UCSD, which has given me four quarters of fellowship support and a number of awards. With the time freed up from teaching this past year- and-a-half, I have been able to carry this dissertation to completion. I am also grateful to Dean Seth Lerer for the Arts and Humanities Initiative Fellowship, which allowed me to spend two delightful, project-defining months at the British Library conducting archival research. I too am thankful to the kind staff at Chawton House Library in Hampshire, UK for giving me a gorgeous space in which to read early editions of Eliza Haywood and Sarah Scott novels and to revise my dissertation. Thanks, too, to the librarians at the Huntington Library for helping me to find archival materials on the Bluestockings, Sarah Scott, and deaf education. I would like to thank the Greater San Diego Business Association Charitable Foundation for being champions of education for local LGBT students. The GSDBA provided me with generous scholarships during my second and third years at UCSD. I feel very fortunate to work in eighteenth-century studies, a field in which a number of brilliant, engaging scholars have helped me along the way. During my three years of attending the American Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies Annual Meetings, I have met many wonderful mentors and friends. I would give the warmest of thanks to Chris Mounsey of the University of Winchester for his mentorship, and for helping me to think through my chapters on Sarah Scott and Frances Burney over lunch breaks, happy hour pints of ale, and dinners while I conducted research at the British Library over the summer of 2011. I also thank Paul Kelleher of Emory viii University for being a stalwart friend, mentor, and support to me, and for hosting a terrific panel on sex and disability in the eighteenth century in San Antonio in 2012. Many thanks to Ashley L. Cohen of the University of Pennsylvania, who I have had the immense pleasure to work with at both the Huntington and British Libraries, and who has helped me think through my own engagement with archival work and critical theory. I am grateful to Susan Lanser and Helen Deutsch for reading my writing and for giving me feedback and encouragement. Thanks also to John Beynon, Fiona Brideoake, Lisa Freeman, Emily Kugler, Derrick Miller, Madeline Sutherland-Meier, Kristina Straub, and Miriam L. Wallace for their friendship, encouragement, and support. I would also express my gratitude for my fellow graduate students at UCSD. With the collegiality and intellect of Kedar Kulkarni, Ted Gideonse, Tania Jabour, Eun Park, Jodi Eisenberg, Yumi Pak, Joo Ok Kim, Caralyn Bialo, Chase Smith, Chien-ting Lin, Ashvin Kini, Mary Reid, Lauren Heintz, Soren Frolich, and Tom Waidzunas, I have been able to develop this project into what it is. Thanks also to my good friend, Larry Eberhard, for always being willing to host me at his home in Silverlake when I work at the Huntington Library. I would thank my parents, Patricia and David Farr, for teaching me to learn to love reading, and for their constant support throughout my graduate career and life. My heart is especially full of gratitude and love for my partner, John Linkins, whose unwavering support has helped me get to this point. He has been with me from the very beginning of my graduate school journey. He was by my side when I received my hearing impairment diagnosis in 2009, and he has been instrumental in helping me to ix learn to live contentedly and comfortably as a queer, disabled man. I dedicate this dissertation to him. Chapter Three, in full, is a reprint of a chapter that will appear in the collection The Idea of Disability in the Eighteenth Century, edited by Chris Mounsey, Bucknell University Press, 2014. The dissertation author was the primary investigator and author of this paper. Part of Chapter Four will appear in a forthcoming edition of The Eighteenth Century: Theory and Interpretation, University of Pennsylvania Press, Spring 2014 (55.1). The dissertation author was the primary investigator and author of this paper. x VITA 2002 Bachelor of Arts in Spanish, University of Utah 2003 Bachelor of Arts in English, University of Utah 2005 BCLAD (Bilingual, Cross-cultural, Language and Academic Development) Certificate: California Secondary Teaching Credential, San Diego State University College of Education 2007-2013 Teaching Assistant, Muir College Writing Program, University of California, San Diego 2009-2011 Teaching Assistant, Literature Department University of California San Diego 2010 Master of Arts in Literatures in English, University of California, San Diego 2013 Doctor of Philosophy in Literature, University of California, San Diego Publications “Sharp Minds / Twisted Bodies: Intellect, Disability, and Female Education in Frances Burney’s Camilla (1796),” The Eighteenth Century: Theory and Interpretation 55.1 (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press). *in press “Attractive Deformity: Enabling the ‘Shocking Monster’ from Sarah Scott’s Agreeable Ugliness,” The Idea of Disability in the Eighteenth Century, ed. Chris Mounsey (Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press). *in press “Homosexuality,” Encyclopedia of British Literature: 1660-1789, eds. Gary Day and
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