Schummel) (Raphidioptera
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Acta ent. bohemoslov., GG : 15-38, 1969 VARIABILITY IN THE SPECIES RAPHIDIA OPHIOPSIS LINNAEUS, AND AGULLA X~t\NTHOSTIGl\IA (SCHUMMEL) (RAPHIDIOPTERA) JIRI ZELENY Institute of Entomology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Praha Received April 10" 1968 Although various papers 011 the order Raphidioptera have pointed to a con siderable variability in the venation of wings, especially in some species (e.g. Raphidia notata FABRICIUS, 1781), this variability has not always been sufficiently taken into account, its range being unknoVV'Il so far in the different species. Variability in morphological structures and their design in different species makes determination difficult, and, on the other hand, accounts for limited knowledge of the biol1.omy and ecology of these species. The European species of the order Raphidioptera were treated ill m0110- graphic works by ALBARDA (1891) and NAVAs (1918). In recent years more attention has been paid to this order. This applies especially to the papers by STEINM.A.NN (1964, 1967), KIS (1964), and particularly by ASPOCK (1964), ASPOCK H. & ASPocK U., (1964a, b, 1965, 1966). ASPOCK A. and ASPocK U., give a progressive account of the palearctic species by way of revisions characterizing the species, and laying special stress on the morphology of the reproductive organs in males. The authors also point out the considerab.le variability in some morphological characters. The occurrence of Raphidioptera in Czechoslovakia has been dealt with in recent years by BARTOS (1965a, b, c, d, e, 1967) who also mentioned their variability, especially in the venation of wings. Keys to the Czechoslovakian species form part of the papers by STITZ (1936), PFEFFER (1954), BARTOS (1959), ASPOCK H. & ASPOCK U. (1964) and STEINMANN (1964, 1967). Besides some of the above mentioned papers, the vein pattern in the order Raphidioptera was also studied by BANKS (1922), and CARPENTER (1936), and the comparative morphology of the reproductive organs was dealt with by TJEDER (1954), and ACKER (1960). In the present paper the author considers the variability in some morpho logical structures in Raphidia ophiopsis LINNAEUS, 1758, a ~pecies which has often been mentioned as the most frequent in Europe, and whose extensive variability has resulted in a lack of reliable data. The author further deals "\vith the variability in AgulZa xanthostigma (SCHU]\tIMEL, 1832) which, accord ing to his review of collected material, is the third most frequent species ill Czechoslovakia, R. ophiopsis coming fourth. MATERIAL AND METHODS The material examined "\vas gathered by a number of collectors throughout Czechoslovakia (Fig. 1, 31) and is deposited (incl. type specimens) in the collection of Prof. Bartos (since 1967 in the Institute of Entomology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague)~ in the Entomological Dept. of the National MuseuIll of Natural History at Kunratice near Prague, and in the author's o"\vn collection. 15 .Evaluation of variability in \ving eharaeters, dilnen8ion~ and \"('nation 'rhe length and ,\vidth of the fore- and hindvvingswas Ineasured for all indi':i<lnab. ~Iost 'other dimensions were lIleasured only on the right fore\ving of 10 males and 10 fenlales (Fig. ~) on the follo"\ving structures: Pterostigma: (1) length at eostal nlargin, (2) length at radial edge. ,(3) ,\vidth at left edge, (4) ,vidth at right edge; cells and ypins: (5) length froll1 extrpn18 18ft ('orner \-- \ \ \ \ \ I ~ M \ ~2 A2\\A1CU\CuICu1~//M4 3\ \ I \ \ 2 \ 1b- _ -,,~~ ___ - -16 \ - -It - - - - - - J \ \ \ /' \\ - \ 1 mm \ \ \ .. 1 5 _\-"\ _ .. 12 - j. \, \ '" 11- ~- - \\ // /,_- --- . ,.l .. \J_- 13 - - \,,: \-- 2 \ 10 -- \ \ /-- ....... Fig. 2: Dimensions measured on the right wing and designation of veins and cells. of cell D 1 to pterostigma, (6) length of cell D 1, (7) length of vein from pterostigma to forking of branch running to "Vving margin, (8) segment Sc from cross-vein Sc-R to juncture "\vith C, (9) segment C from juncture Sc with C to left edge of pterostigma, (10) segment from branching of Rs from R to forking of M, (II) segment from branching of Rs from R to cross-vein Sc-R, ---w---- \ \ 1 km Fig. 1: Localities of origin of the material of R. ophiopsis. 16 (12) segment from branching of Rs from R to cell D I (13) segment from branching of Rs to left radial corner of pterostigma, (14) segment from branching of Rs from R to juncture of Sc and C, (15) segment from branching of Rs from R to cross-vein AI-A!, (16) segment from branching of Rs from R to wing apex. Of the 16 dimensions indicated 6 were evaluated statistically (2, 9, 12, 14, 15, 16) by calculating the mean (x), the standard deviation (s), the standard error of the mean (sx), and the coefficient of variation (v). For the remaining dimensions only the range and the mean are given. In all cases I evaluated the number of D- and Cu-cells, and the course of branching of longi tudinal veins. In males of R. ophiopsis I determined the arrangement of the veins on both the left and the right \vings and recorded the number of cross-veins in the pterostigma and in the C-cell for all four wings. The number of individuals used for evaluation (n) is given in the Tables. The individual data were evaluated statistically. In addition the variability of the reproductive organs in males was studied, special attention being paid to the variability of the parameres and the hypovalva. The data thus found are presented in the Figures and the Tables. Raphidia ophiopsis LINNAEUS, 1758 Raphidia barbata BARTOS, 1965 : 228, syn. D. Raphidia latiaperta BARTOS, 1965 : 303, syn. n. Raphidia megahypovalva BARTOS, 1967 : 337, syn. ll. This species occurs in Northern, Central and South Europe. The material studied came from the following localities in Czechoslovakia (Fig. 1): B 0 - hem i a: Blatna~ Dolni Laz, Drahov, Horni Lipka, Jabkenice, Kadov, Karlstejn, Kvilda Mochov, Obory, Polecnice, Pfibram, Rohy, Revnice, Ricany, Stfibrna Skalice, Tehov, Trutnov, Vestee, Vyzlovka; M 0 r a v i a: Bzenec, Dankovice, Moravka, Pouzdrany; S 1 0 - va k i a: Donovaly, Jaraba, Humenne, Kaspruv Vrch, Lozorno, Polana, Str~l,zske, Vrbicke Plaso. For cornparison, I used one male from Sweilen \vhich Mr. Bo Tjeder had kindly sent me. 3 6 4 1 mm 1-----'1 5 Figs. 3-7: Wings of R. ophiopsis. 3-5: Right forewing of varIOUS individuals. 6-7: Right and eft wings of one and the same individual; 3,5-7 - 00, 4 ~. Variability in wing characters The shape of the wings alld the variability in the venation in various individuals is givell in Figs. 3 -7. It was found that extremely large differ ences in the course of the veins on the left and right wings may OCCllr in the 17 same il1dividual (Figs. 6, 7). III R. ophiopsis there is considerable v~ariability in the shape of the pterostigma al1d in the course of the branchil1g of R 1, R2 and Ra (Figs. 8-14). The drawillg shows considerable differences in tIle course of tIle veins al1.d depicts alnlost completely their ra11ge. The variabjlit~T i 1 mm I Figs. 8-14: Shape of pterostigma, R. ophiopsis 8 - 6, 9-14 - ~~. in tIle leIlgth and width of wings and the venation was studied in detail ill 12 66, and 29 ~~. Dimensions of wings. The length of the forewing (Tab. 1, Fig. 15) varies from 7 to 9 mm in males and from 8 to 10.25 mm in females. The length of the forewing was 8.50 mm in males (6 cases), and 9.50-9.75 mm in females (14 cases). The smallest spread, 15.5 mm, was found in males" the largest 23 mm, in females. The length of the hindwing varies (Tab. 1, Fig. 15) from 6 to 8 mm ill males, from 7.25 to 9.25 mm in females. The width. of the forewing (Tab. 1) varies from 2.2 to 3.1 mm in nlales, and from 2.8 to 3.7 mm in females. The width of the hindwing varies from 2.1 to 2.~ mm in males, and from 2.4 to 3.4 mm in females. Sixteen additional dimensions measured on the right WillgS and their variability are given ill Tabs. 1 and 2. For 10 dimensions the range and the mean are indicated, alld for the remaining six ftlrther st.atistical values are given. The dimensions show the variability of the wings in R. ophiopsis from Czechoslovakia. 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