Acta ent. bohemoslov., GG : 15-38, 1969
VARIABILITY IN THE SPECIES RAPHIDIA OPHIOPSIS LINNAEUS, AND AGULLA X~t\NTHOSTIGl\IA (SCHUMMEL) (RAPHIDIOPTERA)
JIRI ZELENY Institute of Entomology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Praha Received April 10" 1968
Although various papers 011 the order Raphidioptera have pointed to a con siderable variability in the venation of wings, especially in some species (e.g. Raphidia notata FABRICIUS, 1781), this variability has not always been sufficiently taken into account, its range being unknoVV'Il so far in the different species. Variability in morphological structures and their design in different species makes determination difficult, and, on the other hand, accounts for limited knowledge of the biol1.omy and ecology of these species. The European species of the order Raphidioptera were treated ill m0110- graphic works by ALBARDA (1891) and NAVAs (1918). In recent years more attention has been paid to this order. This applies especially to the papers by STEINM.A.NN (1964, 1967), KIS (1964), and particularly by ASPOCK (1964), ASPOCK H. & ASPocK U., (1964a, b, 1965, 1966). ASPOCK A. and ASPocK U., give a progressive account of the palearctic species by way of revisions characterizing the species, and laying special stress on the morphology of the reproductive organs in males. The authors also point out the considerab.le variability in some morphological characters. The occurrence of Raphidioptera in Czechoslovakia has been dealt with in recent years by BARTOS (1965a, b, c, d, e, 1967) who also mentioned their variability, especially in the venation of wings. Keys to the Czechoslovakian species form part of the papers by STITZ (1936), PFEFFER (1954), BARTOS (1959), ASPOCK H. & ASPOCK U. (1964) and STEINMANN (1964, 1967). Besides some of the above mentioned papers, the vein pattern in the order Raphidioptera was also studied by BANKS (1922), and CARPENTER (1936), and the comparative morphology of the reproductive organs was dealt with by TJEDER (1954), and ACKER (1960). In the present paper the author considers the variability in some morpho logical structures in Raphidia ophiopsis LINNAEUS, 1758, a ~pecies which has often been mentioned as the most frequent in Europe, and whose extensive variability has resulted in a lack of reliable data. The author further deals "\vith the variability in AgulZa xanthostigma (SCHU]\tIMEL, 1832) which, accord ing to his review of collected material, is the third most frequent species ill Czechoslovakia, R. ophiopsis coming fourth.
MATERIAL AND METHODS The material examined "\vas gathered by a number of collectors throughout Czechoslovakia (Fig. 1, 31) and is deposited (incl. type specimens) in the collection of Prof. Bartos (since 1967 in the Institute of Entomology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague)~ in the Entomological Dept. of the National MuseuIll of Natural History at Kunratice near Prague, and in the author's o"\vn collection.
15 .Evaluation of variability in \ving eharaeters, dilnen8ion~ and \"('nation
'rhe length and ,\vidth of the fore- and hindvvingswas Ineasured for all indi':i \-- \ \ \ \ \ I ~ M \ ~2 A2\\A1CU\CuICu1~//M4 3\ \ I \ \ 2 \ 1b- _ -,,~~ ___ - -16 \ - -It ------J \ \ \ /' \\ - \ 1 mm \ \ \ .. 1 5 _\-"\ _ .. 12 - j. \, \ '" 11- ~- - \\ // /,_- --- . ,.l .. \J_- 13 - - \,,: \-- 2 \ 10 -- \ \ /-- ...... Fig. 2: Dimensions measured on the right wing and designation of veins and cells. of cell D 1 to pterostigma, (6) length of cell D 1, (7) length of vein from pterostigma to forking of branch running to "Vving margin, (8) segment Sc from cross-vein Sc-R to juncture "\vith C, (9) segment C from juncture Sc with C to left edge of pterostigma, (10) segment from branching of Rs from R to forking of M, (II) segment from branching of Rs from R to cross-vein Sc-R, ---w---- \ \ 1 km Fig. 1: Localities of origin of the material of R. ophiopsis. 16 (12) segment from branching of Rs from R to cell D I (13) segment from branching of Rs to left radial corner of pterostigma, (14) segment from branching of Rs from R to juncture of Sc and C, (15) segment from branching of Rs from R to cross-vein AI-A!, (16) segment from branching of Rs from R to wing apex. Of the 16 dimensions indicated 6 were evaluated statistically (2, 9, 12, 14, 15, 16) by calculating the mean (x), the standard deviation (s), the standard error of the mean (sx), and the coefficient of variation (v). For the remaining dimensions only the range and the mean are given. In all cases I evaluated the number of D- and Cu-cells, and the course of branching of longi tudinal veins. In males of R. ophiopsis I determined the arrangement of the veins on both the left and the right \vings and recorded the number of cross-veins in the pterostigma and in the C-cell for all four wings. The number of individuals used for evaluation (n) is given in the Tables. The individual data were evaluated statistically. In addition the variability of the reproductive organs in males was studied, special attention being paid to the variability of the parameres and the hypovalva. The data thus found are presented in the Figures and the Tables. Raphidia ophiopsis LINNAEUS, 1758 Raphidia barbata BARTOS, 1965 : 228, syn. D. Raphidia latiaperta BARTOS, 1965 : 303, syn. n. Raphidia megahypovalva BARTOS, 1967 : 337, syn. ll. This species occurs in Northern, Central and South Europe. The material studied came from the following localities in Czechoslovakia (Fig. 1): B 0 - hem i a: Blatna~ Dolni Laz, Drahov, Horni Lipka, Jabkenice, Kadov, Karlstejn, Kvilda Mochov, Obory, Polecnice, Pfibram, Rohy, Revnice, Ricany, Stfibrna Skalice, Tehov, Trutnov, Vestee, Vyzlovka; M 0 r a v i a: Bzenec, Dankovice, Moravka, Pouzdrany; S 1 0 - va k i a: Donovaly, Jaraba, Humenne, Kaspruv Vrch, Lozorno, Polana, Str~l,zske, Vrbicke Plaso. For cornparison, I used one male from Sweilen \vhich Mr. Bo Tjeder had kindly sent me. 3 6 4 1 mm 1-----'1 5 Figs. 3-7: Wings of R. ophiopsis. 3-5: Right forewing of varIOUS individuals. 6-7: Right and eft wings of one and the same individual; 3,5-7 - 00, 4 ~. Variability in wing characters The shape of the wings alld the variability in the venation in various individuals is givell in Figs. 3 -7. It was found that extremely large differ ences in the course of the veins on the left and right wings may OCCllr in the 17 same il1dividual (Figs. 6, 7). III R. ophiopsis there is considerable v~ariability in the shape of the pterostigma al1d in the course of the branchil1g of R 1, R2 and Ra (Figs. 8-14). The drawillg shows considerable differences in tIle course of tIle veins al1.d depicts alnlost completely their ra11ge. The variabjlit~T i 1 mm I Figs. 8-14: Shape of pterostigma, R. ophiopsis 8 - 6, 9-14 - ~~. in tIle leIlgth and width of wings and the venation was studied in detail ill 12 66, and 29 ~~. Dimensions of wings. The length of the forewing (Tab. 1, Fig. 15) varies from 7 to 9 mm in males and from 8 to 10.25 mm in females. The length of the forewing was 8.50 mm in males (6 cases), and 9.50-9.75 mm in females (14 cases). The smallest spread, 15.5 mm, was found in males" the largest 23 mm, in females. The length of the hindwing varies (Tab. 1, Fig. 15) from 6 to 8 mm ill males, from 7.25 to 9.25 mm in females. The width. of the forewing (Tab. 1) varies from 2.2 to 3.1 mm in nlales, and from 2.8 to 3.7 mm in females. The width of the hindwing varies from 2.1 to 2.~ mm in males, and from 2.4 to 3.4 mm in females. Sixteen additional dimensions measured on the right WillgS and their variability are given ill Tabs. 1 and 2. For 10 dimensions the range and the mean are indicated, alld for the remaining six ftlrther st.atistical values are given. The dimensions show the variability of the wings in R. ophiopsis from Czechoslovakia. General comparison with the other Czechoslovakian species of the genus Raphidia reveals that these dimensions are sufficiently 18 FOREWING HINDWING % ~------~ ! 70- n=12 n=29 ~ I "=12 "=28 60- 50- I 40- l\j 30- I 20- I 10- K-;::.:' Oi~~~~~~~+-~ In I"'" "'" U") U") U") "'" an t U") I U") Ion Ln U") Ln 1n &on I lot"" Ln I'" '" '" u, U") U") U") U") U"\ t.n U"t ...... Ion· , C"l t- C"l t- C"I. t- C"l t- <'I C"lt-C"It-C"Jr-C"oir-C"..I I...,C"l '"t- '"C"I '"t- C"l t- C"I t- .""",J C"lt-C"It-c-.lr-C"o.It-4".I cDcD",,,,ac;;ac;;cncno c.ou::ir'C---:cO cO cneno u::i ,.Q " r-..: cO cO en en 0 c.oc.oC---:~c:a:icOa\o.jO: Fig. 15: Length of wings in mm (mean values), percentage of variants included jn the individual grol'J~51 of R. ophiopsis. TABLE 1 Dimensions on right fore- and hind",,-rings in R. ophiopsis (Fig. 2) Range x ± 3 X s" s v n mm mm mm Length of wing Forewing irir 12 7.00- 9.00 8.23 ± 3 X 0.169 0.56 6 .. 80. ~~ 29 8.00-10.25 9.42 ± 3 X 0.093 0.5() 5.31 Hind"ving irir 12 6.00- 8.00 7.31 ± 3 X 0.156 0.54 7.38; ~~ 28 7.25- 9.25 8.48 ± 3 X 0.078 0.4{) 4.71 Width of wing Forewing ir6 12 2.2 3.1 2.81 ± 3 X 0.069 0.24 8.54- ~~ 29 2.8 3.7 3.34 ± 3 X 0.041 0.22 6.59 Hindwing 66 12 2.1 2.8 2.62 ± 3 >< 0.058 0.2() 7. f)·3: ~~ • 28 2.4 3.4 3.00 ± 3 X 0.036 0.19 6.3~; Dimensions of the forewing No. 2 66 10 0.6 0.8 0.69 ± 3 X 0.027 0.091 1~.()'~ IB.()(1; ~~ 10 0.7 1.0 0.78 ± 3 X 0.041 0.13 9 66 10 1.0 1.3 1.11 + 3 X 0.035 0.11 9.91 ~~ 10 1.1 1.4 1.24 ± 3 x 0.041 0.13 10.48, 12 6ir 10 1.5 1.8 1.64 + 3 >< 0.026 0.08 5.12 Q~ 10 1.7 2.2 1.94 ± 3 X 0.057 O.lS 9.2$ 14 66 10 0.8 1.4 1.21 ± 3 >~ 0.060 0.19 15.70· ~Q 10 1.2 1.8 1.47 ± 3 x 0.063 0.20 14.2& 15 66 10 2.4 3.0 2.65 ± 3 X 0.068 0.22 8.I8~ Q~ 10 3.0 3.6 3.27 + 3 >< 0.057 O.lS 5.5() 16 66 10 3.75- 4.60 4.36 ± 3 X 0.073 0.23 5.27 ~¥ 10 5.00- 5.75 5.26 ± 3 >< 0.076 0.24 -i.56 -.-~.--.- - .<- .__ ." - ~- --~----.--~-.~ .. -~--~-~ --~--~.---~- -.-----.. -.-~.--.------.------.-.---~--~-.. --.-... ------_._-----'-'-- 19 cllaracteristie of the specIes R. ophiops'is; ~ C'I i:O the Tables even show the differences bet It:O to ~l ween males and females. The dimensions C'l illdicated, and theIr combination with other characters make it possible safely to de termine the species and even the sex of spe . cimens which have the abdomen missing . ~ ....-\ o Analysis of the l1umber of cell s. The wIngs as a rule include 3 D-cells and 3 Cu-cells. In one case only I found 4 Cu-cells, alld in another single case I found 20u-cells in a male from Mochov, 1Vlarch 29, 1965. In one case (Fig. 5) the CuI-cell was longitudin.aly divided, and, in addition, there was an extra cross-vein connectillg the CuI-cell with the Cul -veill. Occurrence of some cross veIns and the course of bran ches arising from the different Ion g i t u din a I vel n s. The cross-veiI1S in the pterostigma and In th_e O-cell 011 all four wings were counted. In the males there occurred alway one c r 0 S s - vel n 1 11 the pte r 0 s t i g m a of all WIngs (Tab. 3). Also the pterostigma of the fe males mostly included only one cross-vein; ill six cases one forewing included two cross veIns, and there was only one case of two cross-veins occurring in both forewings. Only one exemplar showed 2 cross-veills In the pterostigma of the hindwings. There "vas no case of 2 cross-veins occurring simul taneously ill the forewing and the 11illd \ving. In three cases only was Y-shaped ~J)litting of tIle cross-vein 011 the left vying ~ c ~ of females observed. ! C'1 C'l C Occurrence of c r 0 s s - vel n Sill o the C - cell (Tab. 4, 5, Fig. 16). In the forevvings the number of cross-veins varied from 6 to 12; in males from sevell to ten, in females from six to twelve. III males the nlost frequent number of cross s.., -veins was eight (14 cases); only 5 cases s o showed nil1.e to tell cross-veins and fOllr Z cases showed seven cross-veins; in fema r:n o~ ~ les the most frequent number of cross-veins o .-00 .~ 00 ~ ~ was lline (20 cases). In 19 cases I found less, ~ ~ .s...., alld In 1 9 cases more then nine cross s ~ .-~I veillS. For the hind\vings the differellces 20 TABLE 3 ~umber of cross-veins in the pterostigma and their percentage in R. ophiopsis Number Forewing Hindwing and shape left right left right OJ of cross-veins number /0 number % number % number % I 12 100 12 100 12 100 12 100 I 22 75.86 27 93.10 28 96.55 27 96.43 II 4 13.79 2 6.90 I 3.45 I 3.57 Y 3 10.35 ------~---- in the number of cross-veins in cell C ,vere similar to those found ill the forewings. In the hindwings the number of cross-veins varied from six to eight in males, and from five to ten in females. Five males and twelve TABLE 4 Xumber of cross-veins (x) in cell C in R. ophiopsis, separately for left and right \vings Number of cases Forewing Hindwing x c1c1 ~~ c1c1 ~~ left right left right left right. left right 5 I 6 I 7 6 7 6 ,.. , 2 2 3 I 3 4 15 13 8 8 6 7 7 2 I 7 5 9 1 3 9 II 1 10 I 7 6 I 11 2 3 12 I ' females showed an equal number of cross-veins 011 both the left and the right wings. In the remainillg cases there was usually a difference of only one cross-vein bet.ween: both wings; in one case the difference was three cross-veins (six on the left, nine 011 the right wing). TABLE5 N urn ber of cross -veins in cell C in R. ophiopsis n Range x ± 3 X sx: s v Forewing c13 23 7-10 8.09 ± 3 X 0.15 0.73 9.02 ~¥ 58 6-12 9.02 ± 3 X 0.16 1.19 13.19· Hind,ving c1c1 23 6- 8 6.58 ± a X 0.15 0.73 11.11 ~¥ 56 5-10 7.03 ± 3 X 0.12 0.87 12.37 ------ 21 In R. ophiopsi13 the course of 1110st 1 0 11 g i t u din a I v e ins on th.e forewillgs alld the hindwings exllibited great \TariabilitJ7• I studied the vari abilitJT of the course of veins OIlly 011 the rigllt forewing, the other 'vings showing similar patterns. Tn spite of the substantial variation it is possible to detect a typical patter11 of 'Teins ,vhicll, howe\7er, may occur only very rarely in reality (Fig. 2). ,FOREWING HINDWING % .~ I r-- 70 - n=23 c! n=58 n=23 o J n=56 60 - . ,..... 50 - . - ,40 - '30 - j I 20 - I - !""- ~ 10 - ., o I I I 5 6 7 89 10 11 12 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1! .Fig. 16: Number of cross-veins in cell C and percentage of variants, R. ophiopsis. Branching of veilI R ('rab. 6). The branches of R were found to reach the .margin of the wing most frequently as follows: two arising from R 1, three from R 2, one from Rs, one from R 4 and Rs vespectively. R4 and Rs forked as -far as beyond the cell D (with this cell they are connected by one common stalk), the remaining branches ofR usually arise independently from the -single D-cells. Exceptions were found vvith R g , which rnostly arises from cell D (53 cases). Only six cases showed divergence from R2 as far as beyond cell D, ,so that R2 and Ra were fused at the base. In one case Rs was partly fuseel with M I - The total number of branches reaching the margin of the "\ving varied :from six to eleven in males, alld from sevell to ten in females, eight being the most frequent llumber (12 cases in males, 14 cases in females). Branching of vein M (Tab. 6). The vein M is also subject to substantial variation. Variability was found relatively smaller with Ml alId Ma, which 'usually form two branches, ~I3 lls11ally forms one brallch in males; in females nearly half the iIldividuals examiIled showed one, and just ov-er half two .22 CU}a, 33 showed the veins arisillg indepelldently from cell Cu. The double branched CU2 showed both branches arising independently from cell Cu. Branching of vein A (Tab. 7). Al was found to brallch ol~ly verjr rarely. ~~2 usually formed t"\vo branches. The total number of branches from.L-~ reach illg the margin of the wing varied between three and five, three beillg the TABLE 6 Number of individual veins of Rand ]\'1 reaching the \ving Illargin in R. ophiopsis Number NUIllber of cas e s Vein of 66 ~~ branches number % nUIllber % Rl 1 1 3.45 2 19 79.17 20 68.96 3 5 20.83 8 27.59 R2 2 7 29.17 2 6.90 3 14 58.33 22 75.86 4 3 12.50 5 17.24 Ra I 18 ·75.00 25 86.21 2 6 25.00 4 13.79 R4, 0 5 20.83 1 19 79.17 27 93.10 ') ') "-J .;..; 6.90 R5 I 24 100 29 100 R 6 1 4.17 total 7 5 20.83 "..., 6.90 8 12 50.00 14 48.27 9 4 16.66 8 27.59 10 I 4.17 5 17.24 II I 4.17 l\i1 1 4 16.66 I 3.45 2 19 79.17 25 86.21 3 1 4.17 3 10.34 :1\12 I I 4.17 2 22 91.66 29 100 3 I 4.17 :1\13 I 19 79.17 13 44.83 2 5 20.83 16 55.17 Mot 1 23 95.83 27 93.10 2 1 4.17 2 6.90 M total 5 4 16.67 6 12 50.00 II 37.93 7 8 33.33 16 55.17 8 2 6.90 Inost frequellt number. Of 46 Al 13 fused with Aa. In six cases .6-~I was double-branched, and only once fused with ~t\2 at the base. Lt~ The total number of branches R, M and Ou reaching the margin of the ,ving 'v"aried between 15 and 22 veills (Tab. 7 and 8). The most frequent 23 'TABLE 7 Number of branches of:_ ndividual veins On, A, and R 1 -CU2 reaching the ,vIng margIn In R. ophiopsis Number Number of cases ,rein of ~6 ~~ 01 branches number /0 number % H.· ______~ __ .~_~ ____ ._. ______> ___" __• __~ _____ • CIa 1 4 16.67 5 17.24 2 18 75.00 24 82.76 3 2 8.33 Clb 0 1 4.17 1 23 95.83 26 89.66 2 3 10.34 C2 1 23 95.83 29 100 2 1 4.17 Cu 3 5 20.83 5 17.24 total 4 17 70.84 21 72.41 5 2 8.33 2 6.90 6 1 3.45 At 1 20 83.33 26 89.66 2 3 12.50 3 10.34 3 1 4.17 A2 2 24 100 28 96.55 3 1 3.45 A 3 20 83.33 25 86.21 total 4 3 12.50 4 13.79 5 1 4.17 R 1 -Ou2 15 I 4.17 16 2 8.33 17 3 12.50 18 7 29.17 10 34.48 19 9 37.50 9 31.03 20 2 8.33 5 17.24 21 4 13.80 22 1 3.45 ----~--~-.~~ ... _" numbers were 18 and 19 occurrillg in 35 cases; 16 cases in males, 19 cases in females. 20 branches occurred twice in males, five times in females. In the remaining cases a greater or lesser number of veins reached the margin of the wing. TABLE 8 Sum of branches R 1 -CU2 reaching the wing margin in R. ophiopsis n Range X -L 3 X s-x• s v 24 15-20 18.13 ± 3 X 0.26 1.26 6.95 29 18-22 19.21 ± 3 X 0.22 1.17 6.09 24 Variability in number of veins arisil1.g froIll the il1.dividual D- and Cu- cells (Tab. 9). As a rule two veins arose from DI and D2, and one from D3; three veins from eu3, two from Cu2 and one veill from CuI. Additional variability. In some cases additional veins occurred on the ,vings which 1vere usually cross-veins; in certain cases some veins ended in the middle of a cell. TABLE 9 ~ urn her of branches of longitudinnl veins arising from cells 1) and eu in R. 0 phiopsis Number Number o f cases Cell of 33 ~~ 01 0;': bra,nches number /0 number· ,0 Dl 1 2 6.90 2 21 87.50 23 79.31 3 3 12.50 3 10.34 4 4 1 3.45 D2 0 2 8.33 1 3.45 1 6 25.00 10 34.48 2 16 66.67 17 58.62 3 1 3.45 D3 1 14 58.34 21 72.41 2 8 33.33 6 20.69 3 2 8.33 2 6 .. 90 Cu3 2 9 37.50 3 10.34 3 14 58.33 26 89.66 4 1 4.17 Cu2 1 9 37.50 6 20.66 2 15 62.50 23 79.31 CuI 1 23 95.83 28 96.55 2 1 4.17 1 3.45 Variability In charact.ers on the last abdomil1.al segments in males The last abdominal segments of males (Fig. 17) provide a l1.umber of cllaracters enabling good distinction of the individual species of the genus Raphidia. For the distinction of species parameres are essential (Figs. 18 to 30). Like the other structures of the abdominal segments, the parameres are sometimes subject to considerable variation. The parameres shown in the figures depict the range of their variability. All individuals studied came from the territory of Czechoslovakia with the exception of Fig. 27, a male from Sweden. The number of teeth on the parameres varied between one and five (6). Often there were considerable differences between the right and left parameres il1. the same individual, and it may be said that a differ ence of one in the number of processes occurs almost as a rllle. Fig. 30 shows a particularly great difference - no doubt an abnormality. Close resemblance between both parameres is evident only in Figs. 28 and 29. Separate and subjective evaluation of the differences revealed by comparison of Fig. 18 ·w·ith Figs. 28 and 29 might lead to the conclusion that there are two different 25 ...... U) ...... ' --.. ~~~ ~o&" : ., ..v ... .· -.. .. - ...... ,. ....-:. - I 22 ...... ; 9- I 17 nlm 27 ~.-- ...... ' ./ -.. .- .. ", ...... : ...... '.:- -...... ,. .- . :::: \:~:., ~ .... 23 29 24 ______a-. _ ••••. _ ...... ~ : ...:.: ...... :::::/. *.40. • ...... ;:t,· .. -... : .- -.... .-.... . i;''''; ~.., ... :: 25 20 .... " 30 Fig. 17: Last abdominal segments of 6 R. ophiopsis. Figs. 16-30: :ForUl of parallleres and theil- varia uBity in various 00, R. ophiopsis. species, but the rest of the figllres show all interstages betweell Olle al'ld five projections. The overall shape of the parameres, as well as the positioll of the processes they bear, are characteristic of the species irrespective of the number of these processes. AguIla xanthostigma (SCHUMl\tIEL, 1832) Agulla rostrata BARTOS, 1965 : 458, syn. n. Agulla trilobata BARTOS!t 1965 : 87, syn. n. Ag'ulla 'j'ostrata; ZELENY, rr ALICKIJ!t 1966. :26 ---+------l---.----1-.:-....---jr-----~~------~ \ \ i i I i -! I \ \ \ I I -I \ I 31 Fig. 31: Localities of origin of the material of A. xanthostigrna. This species is distributed throughout Europe, including England, tl1e Etlropean part of the USSR, and the Near East. The material studied caIne fro In the following localities in Czechoslovakia (Fig. 31): B 0 - hem i a: Chlumec nad Cidlinou, Chodova Plana, Chotovice, Jabkenice, KaInenne u Sokolova, I{arlovy Vary, Karlstejn, KIet, Lany, Marianske Lazne, Mlada Boleslav, l\:iochov, Nehvizdy, 34 Figs. 32-36: Wings of A. xanthogtigm7.; 32, 34:-36 - ~&, 33 - ~. ~ovy Vestee, Praha - Hostivar, Praha - Kobylisy, Praha - Zavis£, Pruhoniee, Pi-erov nad Labem, Roztoky, Ricany, Sedlcanky, Zavistne u Blatne, Zbecno; :LVI 0 r a v i a: Brno, Jablonov, Jevicko, Ledniee, Pavlov, Pouzdrany; S I 0 v a k i a: Cierny v~ah, Kovacov, Lieskovee, Malinec, Nitrianske Sucany, Potor, Slatina nad Bebravou, Smolenice, Stl.irovo. 27 ,r a rIa b iIi t Y i 11 \V i 11 g c h a r act e l' S The sllape of the wings and tlleir veJ1ation is shown in Figs. 32 -36. The figures depict the variability ill the venatioll which is particularly evident in Fig. 36, showing the D-2 cell open, and in Fig. 35 showing four eu-cells of the" A. schneideri" type. Similarly, the variability in the ptero- 39 1 mm Figs. 37 -43: Shape of pterostigma~ A. xanthostigma; 38, 39, 43 - 66, 37, 40- 42 - Q¥. stigma, and in the arrangement of the first branches of R (Figs. 37 -43) is relatively large, although this species includes more "typical" individuals than in R. ophiopsis.The variability in the number of cross-veins inside the pterostigma is evaluated in more detail in the following section. Fig. 43 shows a case of an additional cross-vein in the D2-ce11. The variability in the length and width of the wings, alld the venation of the right forewing was studied in detail in 38 66 and 48 ~¥. Dim ens ion s 0 f win g s: The length of the forewing (Tab. lO~ Fig. 44) varied from 6.50 to 8.00 mm in males and from 7.75 to 10.00 mm in females. The most frequent spread of the forewings was 7.25 to 7.50 mm in luales (21 cases), and from 8.50 to 9.00 mm in females (29 cases). The least wingspread measured 15 mm, and occurred in males; the greatest, 22 mm, in females. The length of the hindwing (Tab. 10, Fig. 44) varied from 5.75 to 7.00 mm in males, and from 6.75 to 8.75 in females. The width of fore,ving (Tab. 10) varied from 2.3 to 2.9 mm ill males, and from 2.6 to ...')8 TABLE 1 0 Dimensions on right fore- and hindwings in A. xanthostigma (Fig. 2) n Range x±3xsx s ,0- mm mm mm ---- Length of wing Forewing 66 38 6.50- 8.00 7.27 ± 3 X 0.060 0.37 5.09 ¥¥ 48 7.75-10.00 8.83 ± 3 X 0.069 0.48 5.44 Hindwing 66 38 5.75- 7.00 6.46 ± 3 X 0.050 0.31 4.79 ¥¥ 46 6.75- 8.75 7.82 ± 3 X 0.071 0.48 6 13 'V-idth of "ring Forewing 66 38 2.3 2.9 2.65 ± 3 X 0.026 0.16 6.04 ¥¥ 48 2.6 3.5 3.07 ± 3 X 0.030 0.21 6.48 Hindwing 66 38 2.2 2.7 2.49 + 3 X 0.023 0.14 5.62 ¥¥ 47 ...... ') 0- 3.2 2.88 3 X 0.029 0.20 6.94 Dimensions of the forewing No. 2 66 10 1.0 1.5 1.23 3 X 0.047 0.15 12.19 ¥¥ 10 1.2 1.5 1.34 ± 3 X 0.041 0.13 9.70 9 66 10 0.6 0.7 0.64 ± 3 X 0.016 0.05 8.12 ¥¥ 10 0.5 0.7 0.64 3 X 0.022 0.07 10.93 12 66 10 1.2 1.5 1.34 3 X 0.035 0.11 8.21 ¥¥ 10 1.4 1.9 1.64 ± 3 X 0.047 0.15 9.14 14 66 10 0.6 1.0 0.81 3 X 0.035 0.11 13.58 ¥¥ 10 0.9 1.4 1.15 ± 3 X 0.054 0.17 14.78 15 66 10 2.4 2.9 2.56 ± 3 X 0.044 0.14 5.46 ¥¥ 10 2.6 3.5 3.00 ± 3 X 0.085 0.27 9.00 16 66 10 3.50- 4.25 3.94 ± 3 X 0.079 0.25 6.34 OQ -t--r 10 4.25- 5.25 4.75 ± 3 x 0.111 0.35 7.36 -~~-'--~--'-"----'-'---'--'-~-~---'~ ---~------.¥----.------~------.. -~------ 3.5 mm in females. The width of the hindwing varied from 2.2 mm to 2.7 mnl jn males, and from 2.5 to 3.2 mm in females. Additiollal 16 dimensions with tIle corresponding variabilities as fOUl1d on the right forewing are given in Tab. 10 all.d 11. As for R. ophiopsis, the FOREWING HINDWING % 70 - n=38 c! n=48 n=38 d n=46 ,...Q 60 - 50 - 40 - 30 - 20- - 10- o ...., t.nlt.n t.n t.n t.n t.nlt.nlt.nlt.nlt.n t.nLnt.nt.nLnLnLnLnLnLn t.nLn LnLn LnLnLnLnLnLn t.nLn&nLnLnLnLnLnLnt.n r--,f'.Ir--,f'.Ir--,f'.Ir--,f'.Ir--,f'.I r--,f'.Ir--,t'Jr--,f'.Ir--,f'.I"""'f'.I r--,f'.Ir--,f'.Ir-.,.f'.Ir--,f'.Ir-.,.f'.I r-.,.f'.Ir-.,.f'.Ir-.,.f'.Ir-.,.f'.Ir--,f'.I u-\U;;U;;;""':""':aOaOc:nenc..... a.n..o..o""':""':cOcOenenc ..n..o..or'r...:cOa::lc:neno...... a.n..ou;;r...:""':cOcOc:r\cno I I f I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I --I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I "I t.nct.nct.nCt.nCLnC t.nCLnc&nc&nCLnC LnCLnCLnCLnCLnC t.nct.nQLnct.nQLnC ..nu;;;U;;;""':""':cOcOc:nc:nc U"i u;;; ..0 ,....: r-.,.' cO cO c:n en c U"i..o..o""':""':cOcOenc:no u-i..oU;;""':""':cOcOenenc ..... -- -- ...... Fig. 44: ~ength of wings in rnm (Iuean values). percentage of variants in the individual groups of A. xanthost1{Jma. 9_.9. rallge alltl tIle a\'erage are givell for tell dilllellsiollS, allcl for allother six dinlensiolls further statistical data are adcled. rrhese data provide a good cllaracterizatioll of the speCIes ..L4. xanthostigrna, a11d tIle rrable shows definite differellces between males alld fenlales '\Vllich lnal{e it possible to de . ,..-; termille the sex eveIl III cases '\vhere the abdonlen is missillg. Analysis of the llumber of o ceIl s. The WlllgS illvariably included 3 ~ D-cells; only ill one case (Fig. 36) the D2-cell was not closed by a cross-vein so that only two D-cells were present. There ,\vere 3 ell-Cells as a rule; o11Iy in one case 00 were there four (Fig. 35) of the type "schnei deri" - Pragl1e - Hostivar, May 14, 1961. Occurrence of some cross veins,and the course of bran c h e s a r i sin g fro m the d iff e r e n t Ion g i t u din a I v e ins. I re corded the l1umber of cross-veins In the pterostigma and ill cell C on all four wings. The pte r 0 s t i g m a usually included one c r 0 s s - v e I n (Tab. 12) both in ma les and females. III one male there was no ~ cross-veill in the pterostigma of either wing, o Only exceptionally, the vein forked into 1Ct:l ~o "Y" or "V", or two cross-veins were present" 00 I in the pterostigma. Only three individuals had two cross-veins simultaneously on both forewings, and 011ly one showed cross-veins. on both hindwings simultaneously. T,vo cross-veIns l~ever occurred simultaneously o~ on all four wings. Occurrence of c r 0 s s - v e ins i 11 cell C (Tab. 13 and 14, Fig. 45). On the forewings the number of cross-veins varied between six and ten, the range includillg" nille in males and sevell to tell in females .. 'l'he most frequent number of cross-veIl~S" was eight in females (40 cases), seven In males (37 cases). On the hindwings the 8"' 11umber varied from five to nine, with five S to eight in males, and five to nIne in fe .....~ males. The most frequen,t number of hind ,ving cross-veins was six in males (35 cases) and seven in fenlales (47 cases). An equal number of cross-veills on both the right al~d left forewing occured 20 times in males a11d_ 30 TABLE 12 Nun1ber of cross-veins in the pterostigma and their percentage in ..<.4. xanthostig'ma Number Forewing Hindwing and shape left right left, right , \ 01 of cross-veins number iO number % nUIIlber % number % 0 1 2.63 1 2.63 1 2.63 1 2.63 I 35 92.11 35 92.11 37 97.37 36 94.74 Y 1 2.63 1 2.63' II 2 5.26 1 2.63 I 43 89.58 43 89.58 46 95.84 6 43 89.58 Y 1 2.08 1 2.08 1 2.08 II 4 8.34 4 8.34 1 2.08 5 10.42 ------_.------_ .._------15 tilnes in females. TIle remaInIng cases as a rule showed a difference of one in the veills OIl both wings; in . one case they differed by two and in one case by th.ree cross-veins (seven 011. the left and ten on the right wing.) TABLE13 ~ulnber of cross-veins (x) in cell C in A. xanthostigma, separately for left and right wings Number of cases Forewing Hindwing x ~d' ~~ ~~ ~i~ left right left right left right left right 5 6 6 2 6 4 4 19 16 13 16 7 16 21 8 13 7 15 23 24 8 14 9 22' 18 5 9 8 9 4 3 17 14 1 10 1 3 . The variability in the branching of the I 0 11. g i t u din a I v e ins ,vas determined on the right forewing only. The overall arrangement of the veins was fOllnd to be about the same in males and females, though differ- TABLE 14 Number of cross-veins in cell C in A. xanthostigma n Range x ± 3 X s--x s ------F ore\ving d' 6 75 6- 9 7.39 ± 3 X 0.092 0.80 10.82. ¥¥ 96 7-10 8.19 ± 3 X 0.084 0.82 10.01 Hind\cving d' 6 74 5- 8 6.27 ± 3 X 0.081 0.77 12.28 ¥~ 96 5- 9 6.85 ± 3 X 0.079 0.77 11.24 ------._-_."_._-,,.. _--_._--- ....__ ..._.--_._-_._-_._ .. _----_._-_ .. __ .. _--_. --_._---_.__ ._--_ .. _--_ .... - .. ----~------ 31 ellces occurred to some degree, alld the number of veins reachillg the 11largill of the wing was least in males and greatest ill females. 011 the other hand. patterIls of a definite number of branches occurred with equal frequency' both in males and females. In this species a "typical arrangement" of venatioll was found to occur more frequently than in R. ophiopsis ,vhicll is s'ubject to more exceptiollS. FOREWING HINDWING % r------, 70 n=75 c:f n=96 n=74 ~ c! n=96 ~ 60 50 I - 40 r- j - I 30 I r- - I - 20 r-- ~ - 1 r- .. I -I S 6 7 8 9 10 5678910 5 6 7 8 I 9 110 5 6 7 8 9 10 :Fig. 45: Nunlber of cross-veins in. cell C and percentage of variants, A. xanthostigl1la. Branching of vein R (Tab. 15). RI reached the margin of the wing usually with two branches. Only exceptionally were there three, and there was only one case showing no forking of R I. R2 reached the margin of the wing usually with two branches, and only exceptionally with three; R3 with one branch and exceptionally with two (in females); R4 invariably with one branch; R5 with one branch; only four cases showed two branches reaching the margin (in females). R3 forked from R2 at some distance behind cell D; it is therefore sometimes identified with Ra (in such cases keys indicate the absence of R3)' R4 and R5 invariably followed a common path from cell D diverging from each other behind the same. I found no exceptions ill this arrangement of veins. In total, six to eleven branches of R reached the margin of the wing, ranging from six to eight i~ males, and from seven to eleven in females. The most frequent number of seven branches of R occurred 28 times in males and 27 times in females. Branching of vein M (Tab. 15). MI reached the margin of the wing usually with two branches. Only in one case there were three. M2 reached the margin of the wing usually with one branch, only exceptionally with two, and only once ,vith three. M4 reached the margin of the wing usually with one branch, and only t.wice with two. Exceptions in the arrangement of veins M : M} double branched, veins arising independently from cell D in three cases; with M2 in one case; otherwise they originated from a common stalk. M4 fusing with M3 at the base in nille cases. Generally, there were five to nine branches running from M to the margin of the wing. The most frequent llumber was six (32 in males, 40 in females). Branching of vein Cu (Tab. 16). QUIa reached the margin of the wing usually with two branches, only exceptionally with one branch; in 55 cases the branches of CUla arose independently from cell D. CUIb reached the margin of the wing most often with one branch, only four cases showed two branches of which three emerged independently from cell D. Cl1.2 invariably reached 32 the lnargill of the ,ving with ·one branch. Generally, eu was found to reach the margill of the wing with three to five branches, most often with four. Branching of vein A (Tab. 16). Al and A2 reached the margin of the wing nSllally with one branch only; as a matter of fact it forks only very rarely TABTJE 1 5 Xun'lber of individual veins of R an IVI reachting the vying margin in A. xanthostigrtta _._--.- -._----, ..- Number Number of cases Vein of 66 ~~ 0/ branches number °lr/0 number /0 Rl I 1 2.70 2 32 86.49 35 ·72.92 3 4 10.81 13 27.08 R~ 2 34 91.89 39 81.25 3 3 8.11 9 18.75 R3 1 37 100 46 95.83 2 2 4.17 Rl 1 37 100 48 100 R-a 1 37 100 44 91.67 2 4 8.73 R 6 1 2.70 total 7 28 75.68 27 56.25 8 8 21.62 17 35.42 9 3 6.25 10 11 1 2.08 ~1l 2 36 97.30 48 100 3 I 2.70 1\12 1 4 10.81 2 33 89.19 48 100 }I3 1 36 97.30 40 83.33 2 1 2.70 7 14.59 3 1 2.08 1\1-1 1 37 100 46 95.83 2 " 4.17 lVI 5 3 8.11 total 6 32 86.48 40 83.34 7 2 5.41 6 12.50 8 1 2.08 9 1 2.08 (one case) .. A2 reached the margin of the wing usually with two brallches, only once with three. Generally, A reached the margill of the wing \vith three to four brallches, Inost frequelltly with three; four are fo·und only' as an exceptioll. -"-£\1 ill sevell cases fused at the base with ..1.-£\2' the remainillg cases showing all illdel)elldellt arran.gemellt of th.e veins. 33 TABLE 1 6 Num.ber of branches of individual veins Ou, A, and RI-C~ reaching the win.g ma,rgin in A. xanthostigma Number Number of cas e s 0 Vein of C!C! ;- 01 branches number 10 number % CUla 1 6 16.29 8 16.68 2 31 83.78 40 83.33 CU1b 1 36 97.30 45 93.75 2 1 2.7C 3 6.25 CU2 1 37 100 48 100 Cu 3 5 13.52 7 14.58 total 4 32 86.48 39 81.25 5 2 4.17 1A 1 37 100 47 97.92 2 1 2.08 2A 2 37 100 47 97.92 3 1 2.08 A 3 37 100 46 95.83 total 4 2 4.17 Rl-~ 15 1 2.70 16 6 16.22 1 2.08 17 22 59.46 24 50.00 18 7 18.92 16 33.34 19 1 2.70 6 12.50 20 21 1 2.08 The total number of the branches R, M and Ou reaching the margin of the wing varied from 15 to 21 (Tab. 16 and 17). The most frequent number of 17 occurred in 22 cases in males, and in 24 cases in females. Variability in the number of veins arising from the individual cells D and C (Tab. 18). There were invariably two veins arising from Dl, none or one vein equally often from D2, one to three from D3, most often two; one to four from eu3, usually three (in 23 males and 37 females). Cu2 prodLlced one or two veins, 11sually two, CuI one or two veins, usually one. TABLE 17 Sum of branches RI - CU2 reaching the '\ving margin in A. xanthostigma n Range x± 3 X s-x s v - .. ------.. ------.-- I crcr 37 15-19 17.03 ± 3 X 0.125 0.76 4.46 ~~ 48 16-21 17.67+3 X 0.127 0.89 5.04 34 TABLE 18 Nurrnber of branches of longitudinal veIns arising from cells D and On in A. xanthostigma Number Number of cases Cell of ~rJ branches number % number % Dl 2 37 100 48 100 D2 0 19 52.78 24 50.00 1 17 47.22 24 50.00 D3 1 13 35.14 20 41 .. 67 2 20 54.05 25 52.08 3 4 10.81 3 6.25 Cu3 1 1 2.70 2 4.17 2 13 35.14 5 10.42 3 23 62.16 37 77.08 4 4 8.33 Cu2 1 17 45.95 8 16.67 2 20 54.05 40 ' 83.33 CuI 1 36 97.30 45 93.75 2 1 2.70 3 6.25 Additional variability .. In some eases the wings exhibited additional cross veins and other veins which sometimes ended in the middle of a cell., Variability ill characters on the last abdomillal segments ill males. 47 48 49 50 ! I 46 0.5 mm i 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 Fig.:46: Last abdominal seglnents of ~, A. xa'ft,thostigtna. Figs. 47 -50: Variability in gonocoxite promi nen~es. Fig. 51-53: Variability in terminal part of styli. Figs. 54-58: ,Tariability in parameres in the il!divirlual ~ (J of A. xanthosligm,a. 35 'fhe shape of the last abdolninal seglllellts ill .L4. xa1nthostigrna is character istic ()f the species (Fig. 46) alld ellables (lifferentiation from other species ,of the genus AgullaocCllrrillg 011 C~zech08lovak territory. The gOllocoxites (Figs. 47 -50) may be almost straight or acutely bent in various ways {Fig. 49). The widely characteristic shape of the styli (Figs. 51-53) may be subject to large variation, especially ~he size and the shape of the terminal processes. Fillally, also the parameres are subject to variation (Figs.54-- 58). But these are llot so characteristic and conspicl10US as in the genus Raphidia. The drawings clearly depict their various forms (bending) and ",the differing space betwaen the end of dentification and the distal terminal .part. DISCUSSION Insufficiellt attention has been paid up to 110"'· to the differe11ces in range ,of variability in males alld females of the species R. ophiopsis and A. xantho .stig'ma. 'Analysis and evaluation of the venation as well as evaluation of certain dimensions of the wings as a rule enable reliable differentiation of the male .and the female in both species, evell in the absence of the abdomen. Recently ASPOCK (1964, 1965) again drew attention to the considerable variability in R. ophiopsis. Variability is also mentioned in the papers by :BARTOS (1965a, b, 1967) who as early as 1952 attempted a statistical assess ment of variability in the venation of the wings (BARTOS, 1952). ASPOCK H. & ASpoqK U. (1966) gave an account of the range of variability in cross-veins in the pterostigma of R. aaanana, and depicted the different sh:apes of the 'parameres of three individuals of this species. Data recorded in this paper on the rallge of variability in SOlne characters ,occurring 011 the wings and on the last abdominal segments in Inales oi .R. ophiopsis and A. xanthostigma show that the range of variability in these ~structures is even greater in R. opht£opsis than indicated up to 110W in various papers which lacked deeper ev-'-aluation (BARTOS, 1965, a, b; ....L\SPOCK, 1964; STEINMANN, 1964, 1967; .4.L\LBARD.A., 1891; BANKS, 1922; STITZ, 1936). R. ophiopsis differs from other related species either in the shape of the hypovalva (R. ambigua H. & U. ASPOCK, 1964, R. kim1ninsi H. & l.T. ASPOCK~ 1965, R. beieri H. & U. ASPOCK, 1965, and R. ulrikae ASPOCK, 1964, and R. 8chizurotetrgalis BARTOS, 1965) or in the shape of both the hypovalva and the parameres, al1d above all ill the way the processes project from the parameres - the number of the latter being widely variable, especially in ~;the species R. ophiopsis. R. ophiops'is differs from the other species of the 'genus Raphidia occurrillg in Czechoslovakia in a number of characters (e.g. the shape of the parameres, the hypovalva and the styli, the dimensions of the wings, the number of cross-veins in cell C, and in the pterostigma; further ill the branclling of the longitudinal vei11s and ill coloration) and .sllould not be confused in. futu.re with other species. Variability in the species A. xanthostig-rna has bee11 indicated by BARTOS '(1965d, e) WI10 called attentioll not only to the variability of wing venatiol1~ bllt also to the variability in fornl of tIle last abdominal segments, notably .at the base of the hypovalva, alld to the challge in appearance during thr lifetilne of the individllal, especially the challge ill the coloration of the light spots on the head and the thorax. Nlost closely relatecl to the Czechoslovakian species .44. xanthostig1na is .L4. aloysiatta COSTA, 1855, known from Italy. Our other species of the genus .L4g1tlla differ froln A. xanthostigrna, in those characters whose variability forms the subject 'Of the present paper, and also in additional characters (e.g. coloratioll of the pterostigma, form' of. the' hypovalva, form of the styli, coloratioll of tIle body, form of tIle head and the pronotum) in such a way that the individu.al species should l10t be mis taken for each other. SLT1\i~IARY 1. The variability in some structures in the species Raphidia ophiopsis LINNAEUS, 1785 and Agulla xanthostig'ma (SCHU~IMEL, 1832) was studied. 2. .Localities in Czechoslovakia ,vhere the material studied originated are gIven. 3. .The main differences in the illdi,ridual structures of the two species are gIven. 4. Variability in the length alld width of,vings alld in six further dimension's on fore\vings were evalu.ated statistically, alld the individual data were analyzed by Tables indicating meallS, range, mean error, standard deviation and coefficient of variation for ill,ales and fenlales. For further values, the 111ean, the range. and in SOllle cases also the percentage of th~ individual groups are gIven. 5. Variability in the l1ulnber of cross-veills in the pterostigma 011 all wings" and ill the lluInber of cross-v'eins ill cell C, anel variability in the branching of the longitudinal veins were evaluated. The total number of branches reach ing the margin of the Willg (ill the absellce of vein A) was evaluated statisti cally. For further data the percelltage of the different variants is given. 6. The variability in the parameres of n1ales of R. ophiopsis and in other structures of the last abdominal segments in A. xanthostig'Jna was studied. 7. Based on evaluation of variability ill the ch.aracters, the species Raphidia barbata BARTOS, Raphidia latiaperta BARTOS and Raphidia megahypovalva BARTOS are considered synonyms of the species Raphidia ophiop8is LIN XAEUS, and the species Agulla rost't'ata BARTOS and Agulla trilobata BARTOS are considered synonynls of the species Ag'ltlla xanthos"tigma (SCHUMMEL). LIT }.:: R, ...L\. T U R E ...lOKER T. S., 1960: The comparative morphology of the male terminalia of Neuroptera (Insecta). JYicrocnto'tnology, 24 : 25-84. ALBARDA H., 1891: Revision des Rhaphidides. Tijdschr. Ent., 34 : 65-184. ASPOCK H., 1964: Raphidia ulrikae noy. spec., ain neues Neuropteron aus Mitteleuropa. Ent. Ber. DEEL, 24 : 151--153. ASPOCK H. & ASPOCK U., 1964a: Synopsis der Systclnatik, Okologie und Biogeographie der Neuropteren Mitteleuropas iln Spiegel del' :Neuropteren-Fauna von Linz und Oberosterreich, so\vie Bestimmungs-Schlussel fur die Initteleuropaischen Neuropteren. Naturk. Jb. St. Linz, 1964 : 127-282. ASPOCK H. & ASPOCK U., 1964b: Neue ...;\rten des Genus R.aphidia L. aus Sudosteuropa und I{Jeinasien. (Vorlaufige Beschreibung). Ent. ~~.l(fchr. bl., 11 : 37--40. ASPOCK H. & .A,SPOCK U., 1965: Zur I{t'nntnis del' R,aphidiiden von Sudosteuropa und I~leinasien (]VIit kritischen Bemerkungen zur 1{]assit1kation del' Familie). Ann . .LV aturhl~8t . .i11''UB. W ien,. 68 : 487-543. ASPOCK H. & ASPOCK U., 1966: Studien an europaischcn und kleinasiatischen Arten des Genus Raphidia L. (Insecta, Raphidiodca,). Mitt. SCh1.DCi::.. cnt. Ge8., 39 : 33-48. BA~KS N q 1922: Venational variation in R,aphidia. Gonad. Ent., 54 : 114-116. " BARTO~ E., 1B59: plouhoBfjky --- Raphidioptera. In: I~ratochvil J.: l{lic' zyifeny CSR" III, lI..TCC,i \'"{~ l~ pp. DO.... -3 "--~t)c,- .... 8 J..'\ ,/.~.i~ \', .Ira1 la. 37 BARTOS E., 1965a: Raphidia schizurotergalis n. sp., eine neue Raphidien-Art aus Moldawischen SSR (Raphidioptera). Acta ent. bohemoslov., 62 : }29-138. BARTOS E., 1955b: Eine neue Kamelhalsfliege aus der eSSR - Raphidia barbata n. sp. (Raphidio ptera). Acta ent. bohemoslov., 62 : 228-232. BARTOS E., 1965c: Raphidia latiaperta n. sp., eine Raphidia Art aus del' Raphidia ophiopsis Gruppe (Raphidioptera). Acta ent. bohemoslov., 62 : 303-307. BARTOS E., 1965d: AguIla rostrata sp. n. aus Moldawien (UdSSR), (Raphidioptera). Acta ent. bohemoslov., 62 : 458--467. BARTOS E., 1965e: AguIla trilobata nov. spec. und Bemerkungen zu verwandten Arten. Reichen bachia, it : 87-99. BARTOS E., 1967: Die Raphidiopteren der Entomologischen Abteilung des Naturwissenschaftli chen Museums in Praha. Acta Ent. M U8. Nat. Pragae, 37 : 325-345. CARPENTER F. }\II., 1936: Revision of the nearctic Raphidiodea (Recent and fossil). Proc. Amer. Ac. Sci., 71 : 89-157. . KIS B., 1964: Raphidia carpatica, cine neue Art aus Rumanien (Raphidioptera). Reichenbachia, 3 : 123-126. KLAPALEK F., 1895: Seznam hmyzu ceskeho. IV. Hmyz sikmokHdly a sitokHdly (Triohoptera et Neuroptera). Cat. Ins. Fauna Bohem., pp. 1-20, Praha. KLAPALEK F., 1901: PHspevek ke znalosti fauny Neuropteroid Ceskomoravske krabatiny. Vlstn. Geske Ak. v Praze, 10 : 489-494. . I{LAPALEK F., 1903: Zprava 0 vyzkumu ceskych Neuropteroid v r. 1902. Vestn. (Jeske Ak. 'IJ Praz€, 12 : 257-264. METZGER R., 1960: Die Kamelhalsfliegen (Neuroptera, Raphidiidae). In: Die neue Brehm Bi:icherei, pp. 1-47, Wittenberg. NAVAS L. P., 1918: Monografia de l'ordere de los Rafidopteros. Pub!. !nst. Cieno. Barcelona 5 : 1-93. PFEFFER A., 1954: Lesllicka zoologie II. Rad dlouhoSijky - Raphidioidea, pp. 157-158, SZN Praha. PRINCIPI M. M., 1961: Neurotteri del Monti Picentini (Appennino Campano). ltIem. Mus. Oiv. Store nat. Verona, 9 : 97-114. STEINMANN H., 1964: Raphidiopterological studies II. New Raphidia L. and Raphidilla Nav. species from Europe and Asie. Acta zool. Acad. Sci. Hungaricae, 10 : 199-227. STEINMANN H., 1967: Tevenyaku fatyolkak, nirifatyolkak, recesszaznyuak es csoros rovarok - Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera es Mecoptera. Magyarorszag Allatvihlga, 13 (Fauna Hung. 82), 204 pp. :STITZ H., 1936: 18. Ordnung: Kamelhalsfiiegen, Raphidiina. In: Die Tierwelt J\;Iitteleuropas, Bd. 6, Teil 3, pp. 2-4, IoJeipzig. 'TJEDER B., 1954: Genital structures and terminology in the order Neuroptera. Ent. ]}Iedd., Oopenhagen, 27 : 23-40. "ZELENY J. & TSLICKIJ V. I., 1966: K poznaniyu fauny verblyudok (Raphidioptera), setchato krylykh (Neuroptera) i skorpionovykh mukh (l\Ieooptera) Moldavskoy SSR. Trudy Mol davskogo nauchno-issled. inst. sad. vinograd. vinodeliya, 13 : 85-91. Author!s address: Dr. J. Zeleny, esc., Entonloiogicky ustav CSAV, Vinicna 7, I'l'aha 2, Czecho. slovakia. .38 Bibliography of the Neuropterida Bibliography of the Neuropterida Reference number (r#): 6421 Reference Citation: Zeleny, J. 1969 [1969.??.??]. Variability in the species Raphida ophiopsis Linnaeus, and Agulla xanthostigma (Schummel) (Raphidioptera). Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca 66:15-38. Copyrights: Any/all applicable copyrights reside with, and ar reserved by, the publisher(s), the author(s) and/or other entities as allowed by law. No copyrights belong to the Bibliography of the Neuropterida. Notes: File: File produced for the Bibliography of the Neuropterida (BotN) component of the Lacewing Digital Library (LDL) Project, 2012.