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(Odonata: Polythoridae) Nancy Carolina Rojas-Riaño

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(Odonata: Polythoridae) Nancy Carolina Rojas-Riaño SISTEMÁTICA DEL GÉNERO POLYTHORE CALVERT, 1917 (ODONATA: POLYTHORIDAE) NANCY CAROLINA ROJAS-RIAÑO Maestría en Ciencias - Biología, línea Sistemática Trabajo de grado para optar al título de Magíster en Ciencias – Biología con énfasis en Sistemática animal. Carlos E. Sarmiento M., Ph. D. Director de tesis Profesor Asistente Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Natalia von Ellenrieder, Ph. D. Co-directora Associate Insect Biosystematics Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch, California Department of Food & Agriculture UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGÍA BOGOTÁ D.C. JUNIO 2011 AGRADECIMIENTOS A mis padres por su inmenso cariño, por seguir apoyándome durante la maestría y por brindarme todo lo necesario durante mi proceso de formación. A Pipe por escucharme, acompañarme y apoyarme siempre. A Herón por su compresión, por estar conmigo en tantas noches de trabajo, por su ánimo en los momentos difíciles y por su ayuda con la tediosa labor de edición de imágenes. A toda mi familia por su paciencia y apoyo. A Carlos Eduardo Sarmiento por su valiosa orientación durante mi formación académica, por todas sus enseñanzas científicas y personales, y por su disciplina y excelencia. A Natalia von Ellenrieder y Rosser Garrison por su importante asesoría en los aspectos taxonómicos de Odonata y por su gran disposición para orientarme. A Eliana Buenaventura por su amistad, su incondicional ayuda siempre presta a responder mis preguntas, y por sus útiles consejos. A la Universidad Nacional de Colombia y a los profesores de la Maestría en Ciencias por compartir sus conocimientos contribuyendo a mi formación en Sistemática, en especial a Fernando Fernández. Al Instituto de Ciencias Naturales por proporcionar los espacios y recursos académicos necesarios para esta investigación. A los curadores de los museos por el préstamo de especímenes y por permitir el acceso a las colecciones, en especial al Museo de Zoología de la Universidad de Michigan. A Julieta Brambila, Bill Mauffray y Jhon Heppner por su hospitalidad durante mi estadía en Gainesville. A Jerome Constant por su valiosa orientación durante la revisión de los tipos. A los integrantes del Laboratorio de Sistemática y Biología Comparada de Insectos en especial a Helmuth Aguirre, Fredy Palacino y Carolina Medellín por sus aportes y compañía. A la Dirección de Investigación – sede Bogotá por el financiamiento de este proyecto. 2 TABLA DE CONTENIDO RESUMEN GENERAL ...................................................................................................................... 6 GENERAL ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... 7 GENERAL PREAMBLE .................................................................................................................... 8 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 8 OBJETIVES ...................................................................................................................................... 10 General objectives ......................................................................................................................... 10 Specific Objetives .......................................................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER 1. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE DAMSELFLY GENUS Polythore Calvert, 1917 (ODONATA: POLYTHORIDAE) .......................................................................................... 13 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. 13 RESUMEN .................................................................................................................................... 13 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 14 MATERIALS AND METHODS .................................................................................................. 15 Taxonomy ................................................................................................................................. 16 Morphometric Analysis ............................................................................................................. 17 RESULTS ..................................................................................................................................... 19 Genus Polythore Calvert ........................................................................................................... 19 Generic diagnosis ...................................................................................................................... 19 Generic redescription ................................................................................................................ 20 Illustrated key for taxonomic determination of males of Polythore (Odonata: Polythoridae) .. 21 P. aurora (Selys, 1879) ............................................................................................................. 25 P. batesi (Selys, 1869)............................................................................................................... 28 P. beata (McLachlan, 1869) ...................................................................................................... 30 P. boliviana (McLachlan, 1878) ............................................................................................... 32 P. concinna (McLachlan, 1881) ................................................................................................ 34 P. chiribiquete Zloty & Pritchard, 2001 comb. nov. ................................................................. 37 3 P. derivata (McLachlan, 1881) ................................................................................................. 39 P. gigantea (Selys, 1853) .......................................................................................................... 42 P. lamerceda Bick & Bick, 1985 .............................................................................................. 45 P. manua Bick & Bick, 1990 .................................................................................................... 46 P. mutata (McLachlan, 1881) ................................................................................................... 48 P. neopicta Bick and Bick, 1990 ............................................................................................... 51 P. ornata (Selys, 1879) ............................................................................................................. 53 P. picta (Rambur, 1842) ............................................................................................................ 56 P. procera (Selys, 1869) ........................................................................................................... 57 P. spaeteri Burmeister & Börzsöny, 2003 ................................................................................ 61 P. terminata Fraser, 1946 .......................................................................................................... 63 P. victoria (McLachlan, 1869) .................................................................................................. 64 P. vittata (Selys, 1869) .............................................................................................................. 66 P. williamsoni (Förster, 1903) ................................................................................................... 68 MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS .................................................................................................. 70 Population level study ............................................................................................................... 70 Species level study for genus Polythore.................................................................................... 76 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................................... 77 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................... 77 LITERATURE CITED ................................................................................................................. 78 CHAPTER 2. PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE GENUS Polythore Calvert, 1917 (ODONATA: POLYTHORIDAE) ................................................................................................... 81 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. 81 RESUMEN .................................................................................................................................... 82 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 82 MATERIALS AND METHODS .................................................................................................. 84 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ................................................................................................... 90 4 Phylogenetic analyses ............................................................................................................... 90
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