International Advances in the Ecology, Zoogeography, and Systematics of Mayflies and Stoneflies Edited by F. R. Hauer, J. A. Stanford and, R. L. Newell International Advances in the Ecology, Zoogeography, and Systematics of Mayflies and Stoneflies Edited by F. R. Hauer, J. A. Stanford, and R. L. Newell University of California Press Berkeley Los Angeles London University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu. University of California Publications in Entomology, Volume 128 Editorial Board: Rosemary Gillespie, Penny Gullan, Bradford A. Hawkins, John Heraty, Lynn S. Kimsey, Serguei V. Triapitsyn, Philip S. Ward, Kipling Will University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England © 2008 by The Regents of the University of California Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data International Conference on Ephemeroptera (11th : 2004 : Flathead Lake Biological Station, The University of Montana) International advances in the ecology, zoogeography, and systematics of mayflies and stoneflies / edited by F.R. Hauer, J.A. Stanford, and R.L. Newell. p. cm. – (University of California publications in entomology ; 128) "Triennial Joint Meeting of the XI International Conference on Ephemeroptera and XV International Symposium on Plecoptera held August 22-29, 2004 at Flathead Lake Biological Station, The University of Montana, USA." – Pref. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-520-25527-2 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Mayflies–Congresses. 2. Stoneflies–Congresses. I. Hauer, F. Richard. II. Stanford, Jack Arthur, 1947– III. Newell, Robert L. IV. International Symposium on Plecoptera (15th : 2004 : Flathead Lake Biological Station, The University of Montana) V. Title. QL505.I56 2004 595.7'34–dc22 2008017087 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO 39.48-1992 (1997) (Permanence of Paper). Contents Preface, vii ECOLOGY Mayflies, Biodiversity and Climate Change ....................................................................1 John E. Brittain Scale and Hierarchy in the Ecology of Stoneflies ........................................................ 15 Andrew L. Sheldon Mayfly Population Density, Persistence and Genetic Structure in Fragmented Headwater Habitats.................................................................................................. 39 L. C. Alexander and W. O. Lamp Stonefly Eggs in the Sandy Shore and the Ecological Importance of an Ovoid Egg in a Mountain Stream....................................................................................... 51 Yu Isobe, Mayumi Yoshimura and Tadashi Oishi Life Cycles, Growth and Production of Stonefly Populations..................................... 61 O. LoskutovaAdult Adult Stonefly Behavior Before and After Mating ...................................................... 79 Mayumi Yoshimura ZOOGEOGRAPHY The Post Glacial Distribution of New Zealand Mayflies............................................. 89 T. R. Hitchings Mayflies of the Lake Hovsgol Region, Mongolia ...................................................... 103 S. Enkhtaivan and T. Soldán Genetic Diversity in Headwater-Specific Mayflies Based on the Mitochondrial 16S rRNA Gene Sequences................................................................................... 117 Koji Tojo Old Species of Neotropical Plecoptera........................................................................ 125 Claudio G. Froehlich Zoogeographic Affinities of Southwestern USA Plecoptera ..................................... 133 Steven J. Cary and Gerald Z. Jacobi v vi Contents A Checklist of the Burrowing Mayfly Family Ephemeridae..................................... 159 J. M. Hwang, Y. J. Bae and W. P. McCafferty Stoneflies of Glacier National Park and Flathead River Basin, Montana ............173 Robert L. Newell, R. W. Baumann and J. A. Stanford SYSTEMATICS A Synopsis of the Afrotropical Tricorythidae............................................................. 187 Helen M. Barber-James The Family Baetidae from Japan ................................................................................. 205 Toshihito Fujitani A Molecular Analysis of the Afrotropical Baetidae................................................... 219 Jean-Luc Gattolliat, Michael T. Monaghan, Michel Sartori, Jean-Marc Elouard, Helen Barber-James, Pascale Derleth, Olivier Glaizot, Ferdy de Moor and Alfried P. Vogler Phylogenetic Relationships of the Australian Leptophlebiidae................................. 233 K. J. Finlay and Y. J. Bae Taxonomy of Epeorus frisoni (Burks) and a Key to New England Species of Epeorus .............................................................................................................. 277 Steven K. Burian, Beth I. Swartz and Philip C. Wick Species of Miroculis from the Serranía de Chiribiquete in Colombia ...................... 295 J. G. Peters, E. Domínguez and A. Currea Dereser The Antennal Sensilla of the Nymph of Ephemera danica ....................................... 307 Manuela Rebora and Elda Gaino The Tricorythidae of the Oriental Region ................................................................... 313 Pavel Sroka and Tomáš Soldán The Types and Distribution of Setae on the Larval Legs of Neoperla geniculata...... 355 Fumiko Tamura, Yu Isobe and Tadashi Oishi Morphology, Ultrastructure and Function of the Palmen Body ................................ 369 and Contact Mallet T. J. Fink Systematic Review of the Wingless Stoneflies, Scopuridae...................................... 395 Y. H. Jin, T. Kishimoto and Y. J. Bae Preface We had the honor of hosting the triennial Joint Meeting of the XI International Conference on Ephemeroptera and XV International Symposium on Plecoptera held August 22–29, 2004 at Flathead Lake Biological Station, The University of Montana, USA. The purpose of this congress was to encourage and facilitate focused research and provide a forum for scholarly exchange about the status of Mayfly and Stonefly science. A secondary, but important objective was engendering camaraderie amongst investigators with mutual interests and in the course of informal activities surrounding the formal agenda, discuss research directions—evaluating and outlining fundamental research problems and sharing information on methodology and analysis. Scientists and scholars from around the world gathered and engaged in an exchange of information on their latest research and investigations on Ephemeroptera (Mayfly) and Plecoptera (Stonefly). At this congress, attendees came from 18 countries. The host country had a good turnout and despite the remote location within the Rocky Mountains, we were joined by scientists and students from Argentina, Australia, Austria, Brazil (2), Czech Republic, France, Germany (3), Italy (2), Japan (5), Korea (2), Mongolia (2), New Zealand, Norway (2), P. R. China, Russia, Slovenia, South Africa, Switzerland and USA (26). Drs. J. A. Stanford and F. R. Hauer convened the meetings and also participated along with other members of the Flathead Lake Biological Station faculty and staff. Professor John Brittain, whose research is focused on freshwater entomology, especially egg development and life cycle strategies of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera, presented Mayflies in a Changing World, reflecting on the quality of mayflies as good indicators of global warming and the quality of streams and lakes. Professor Emeritus Andrew Sheldon, whose interests have encompassed community and population ecology of aquatic animals over a span of more than 40 years, especially insects and fishes, gave a talk about Scale, Hierarchy and Perspectives in the Ecology of Plecoptera, discussing how studies emphasizing scale and perspective reveal importance of stoneflies to ecosystems. We sincerely thank Drs. Brittain and Sheldon for their plenary participation. Other abstracts covered a broad base of disciplines including morphology, physiology, phylogeny, taxonomy, ecology and conservation. Manuscripts submitted post meeting were peer-reviewed and compiled into three sections for this volume: Ecology, Zoogeography and Systematics. vii viii Preface We wish to thank all those that made the Congress possible including Sponsors, fellowship providers, and Flathead Lake Biological Station faculty and staff. Meeting sponsors were Flathead Lake Biological Station, The University of Montana, Jessie M. Bierman Professorship of Ecology and the FLBS Limnology Professorship. The Permanent Committee on Ephemeroptera Conferences and Flathead Lake Biological Station provided partial financial support for students. We greatly appreciate the efforts of Flathead Lake Biological staff especially Sue Gillespie and Mark Potter for administrative and facilities operations support and Jeremy Nigon for the registration website and technical support. A very special thanks goes to Marie Kohler for her tireless effort and skills in the publishing layout and proofreading of these proceedings for publication. The conveners also thank the participants who journeyed to the Biological Station and joined us for a short while in northwest Montana