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Chronicle of Parliamentary Elections 2007 Chronicle of Parliamentary Elections Volume 41
Couverture_Ang:Mise en page 1 27.3.2008 14:33 Page 1 Print ISSN: 1994-0963 Electronic ISSN: 1994-098X INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION CHRONICLE OF PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS 2007 CHRONICLE OF PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS VOLUME 41 Published annually in English and French since 1967, the Chronicle of Parliamen tary Elections reports on all national legislative elections held throughout the world during a given year. It includes information on the electoral system, the background and outcome of each election as well as statistics on the results, distribution of votes and distribution of seats according to political group, sex and age. The information contained in the Chronicle can also be found in the IPU’s database on national parliaments, PARLINE. PARLINE is accessible on the IPU web site (http://www.ipu.org) and is continually updated. Inter-Parliamentary Union VOLUME 41 5, chemin du Pommier Case postale 330 CH-1218 Le Grand-Saconnex Geneva – Switzerland Tel.: +41 22 919 41 50 Fax: +41 22 919 41 60 2007 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.ipu.org 2007 Chronicle of Parliamentary Elections VOLUME 41 1 January - 31 December 2007 © Inter-Parliamentary Union 2008 Print ISSN: 1994-0963 Electronic ISSN: 1994-098X Photo credits Front cover: Photo AFP/Pascal Pavani Back cover: Photo AFP/Tugela Ridley Inter-Parliamentary Union Office of the Permanent Observer of 5, chemin du Pommier the IPU to the United Nations Case postale 330 220 East 42nd Street CH-1218 Le Grand-Saconnex Suite 3002 Geneva — Switzerland New York, N.Y. 10017 USA Tel.: + 41 22 -
Social Media- a New Virtual Civil Society in Egypt? Abdulaziz Sharbatly
Social Media- a new Virtual Civil Society in Egypt? Abdulaziz Sharbatly This is a digitised version of a dissertation submitted to the University of Bedfordshire. It is available to view only. This item is subject to copyright. • Social Media - a new virtual civil society in Egypt? UNIVERSITY OF BEDFORDSHIRE 1 Social Media: a new virtual civil society in Egypt? by Abdulaziz Sharbatly A thesis submitted to the University of Bedfordshire in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Research Institute for Media, Arts & Performance Journalism & Communications Department 2 AbstractAbstractAbstract This project seeks to trace the power of social media in serving as a virtual civil society in the Arab world, focusing on Egypt as a case study. This study aims to explore the role of social media in mobilising Egyptian activists across generations, and particularly in reaching out to people under the age of 35 who constitute around 50 per cent of the population. Studies preceding the 2011 uprising reported that young Egyptians were politically apathetic and were perceived as incapable of bringing about genuine political changes. Drawing on a range of methods and data collected from focus groups of young people under the age of 35, interviews with activists (across generations and gender), and via a descriptive web feature analysis, it is argued that online action has not been translated into offline activism. The role of trust in forming online networks is demonstrated, and how strong ties can play a pivotal role in spreading messages via social media sites. Activists relied on social media as a medium of visibility; for those who were not active in the political sphere, social media have been instrumental in raising their awareness about diverse political movements and educating them about the political process, after decades of political apathy under Mubarak’s regime. -
Dr. Nadine Sika
The Role of Political Parties in Egypt (1978-2017) and the Resilience of Authoritarianism A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the requirements of the Master Degree in Political Science Under the Supervision of Dr. Nadine Sika By Yasmeen Hamdy Mohamed Shaheen 900131039 Submitted to the Political Science Department The American University in Cairo 2018 Abstract 2 Abstract The current thesis focuses on the immense importance of the role of political parties in Egyptian politics and the Resilience of Authoritarianism, tracing their evolution and development from 1978 to 2017. It has proved that Egyptian political parties, in the period of the present work, have failed to consolidate democratic transformation by institutionalizing authoritarianism. This role has been so marginal that these pre- and post-Uprising political parties have been ridiculed as Ahzab Cartooniyah (Cardboard Parties). It has been found that about 100 parties out of 109 are remarkably so feeble and even paralyzed in their opposition to autocratic and dictatorial practices. Therefore, these political parties are incapable of supporting democratization. It has focused on the role of political parties in authoritarian regimes under which they further support authoritarianism. Moreover, it has analyzed the role of political parties in public mobilization as well as the variances in their organizational structures, mobilization and institutional potentials, and popular bases. The thesis has adopted the "semi-structured interviews, as a qualitative interpretive methodology, with the parties' leaders, chief members, and cadres (medium level and grassroots)". It also employs the authoritarian resilience theory for conducting this research and the comparative historical institutional approach while examining the authoritarian resilience theory to account for the failure of Egyptian political parties in democracy promotion. -
Egypt 2014 National Integrity System Assessment
EGYPT 2014 NATIONAL INTEGRITY SYSTEM ASSESSMENT TI_Cover Egypt.indd 1 12/12/14 17:49 Transparency International is a global movement with one vision: a world in which government, business, civil society and the daily lives of people are free of corruption. Through more than 100 chapters worldwide and an international secretariat in Berlin, we are leading the fight against corruption to turn this vision into reality. www.transparency.org ISBN: 978-3-943497-73-1 © 2014 Transparency International. All rights reserved. Cover photo: iStockphoto/Baloncici Every effort has been made to verify the accuracy of the information contained in this report. All information was believed to be correct as of February 2014. Nevertheless, Transparency International cannot accept responsibility for the consequences of its use for other purposes or in other contexts. This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of Transparency International and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. TI_Cover Egypt.indd 2 12/12/14 17:49 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introductory information 2 Executive summary 3 National Integrity System Assessment 23 Legislature 25 Executive 37 Judiciary 53 Public sector 71 Law enforcement agencies 87 Electoral management body 105 Ombudsperson 121 Supreme audit institution 137 Anti-corruption agency 153 Political parties 169 Media 189 Civil society 211 Business 227 Conclusions and recommendations 249 Annexes 259 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Transparency International would like to thank all those involved in the assessment for the time and dedication they brought to ensuring a high quality assessment of the National Integrity System in Egypt, in particular members of the research team, advisory group, interviewees and reviewers. -
The Nature and Sources of Voters' Beliefs About the Left-Right
The Nature and Sources of Voters’ Beliefs about the Left-Right Positions of Political Parties Seonghui Lee Philip Santoso Randolph Stevenson Abstract How do people form their perceptions about the "left-right" positions of parties? Despite the importance of the left-right metaphor in Western Democracies, this question has not been satisfactorily answered. In this paper, we identify a set of cues that voters may use to form their perceptions of parties’ left-right positions and empirically estimate the weight they place on each of these factors when actually placing parties on a standard left-right scale. The factors we examine include: parties' policy positions, parties' patterns of conflict and cooperation with other parties, parties' sizes and the scope of their support, and socio-demographic basis of party supporters. To produce these weights, we use original conjoint survey experiments in Britain, Canada, and Germany, in which respondents are shown profiles of hypothetical parties and assign the party a score on a left-right scale. This lets us, for the first time, directly estimate the relative influence of different party attributes on voters' perceptions, to answer more definitively than any previous work what voters really mean when they think of a party as left or right. Our main conclusion is that patterns of partisan conflict and cooperation play a much larger independent role in shaping voters’ beliefs about the relative left-right positions of parties than has generally been appreciated by scholars who instinctively think of the left-right as a summary of party policy positions. 1 1. Introduction It is difficult to overstate the importance of the “left-right” metaphor to how elites provide, and voters consume, information about politics in western democracies. -
5741 Kraetzschmar & Rivetti.Indd
Islamists and the Politics of the Arab Uprisings 55741_Kraetzschmar741_Kraetzschmar & RRivetti.inddivetti.indd i 005/01/185/01/18 66:47:47 PPMM 55741_Kraetzschmar741_Kraetzschmar & RRivetti.inddivetti.indd iiii 005/01/185/01/18 66:47:47 PPMM Islamists and the Politics of the Arab Uprisings Governance, Pluralisation and Contention Edited by Hendrik Kraetzschmar and Paola Rivetti 55741_Kraetzschmar741_Kraetzschmar & RRivetti.inddivetti.indd iiiiii 005/01/185/01/18 66:47:47 PPMM Edinburgh University Press is one of the leading university presses in the UK. We publish academic books and journals in our selected subject areas across the humanities and social sciences, combining cutt ing-edge scholarship with high editorial and production values to produce academic works of lasting importance. For more information visit our website: edinburghuniversitypress.com © editorial matt er and organisation Hendrik Kraetzschmar and Paola Rivett i, 2018 © the chapters their several authors, 2018 Edinburgh University Press Ltd Th e Tun – Holyrood Road 12 (2f) Jackson’s Entry Edinburgh EH8 8PJ Typeset in 12/1 4 Arno and Myriad by IDSUK (Dataconnection) Ltd, printed and bound in Great Britain A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 1 4744 1925 3 (hardback) ISBN 978 1 4744 1926 0 (paperback) ISBN 978 1 4744 1927 7 (webready PDF) ISBN 978 1 4744 1928 4 (epub) Th e right of the cntributors to be identifi ed as authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 and the Copyright -
Herbert Romerstein Collection
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8jw8d64 No online items Register of the Herbert Romerstein collection Finding aid prepared by Dale Reed Hoover Institution Archives 434 Galvez Mall Stanford University Stanford, CA, 94305-6003 (650) 723-3563 [email protected] © 2012, revised 2014, 2016 Register of the Herbert 2012C51 1 Romerstein collection Title: Herbert Romerstein collection Date (inclusive): 1864-2011 Collection Number: 2012C51 Contributing Institution: Hoover Institution Archives Language of Material: English Physical Description: 1236 manuscript boxes, 41 oversize boxes, 17 card file boxes(667.0 linear feet) Abstract: Pamphlets, leaflets, serial issues, studies, reports, and synopses of intelligence documents relating to the Communist International, communism and communist front organizations in the United States, Soviet espionage and covert operations, and propaganda and psychological warfare, especially during World War II. Physical Location: Hoover Institution Archives Creator: Romerstein, Herbert, collector. Access Boxes 519; use copies available in Box 518. Boxes 220 and 1294 also restricted; digitized copies available online. The remainder of the collection is open for research; materials must be requested at least two business days in advance of intended use. Publication Rights For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives. Preferred Citation [Identification of item], Herbert Romerstein collection, [Box no., Folder no. or title], Hoover Institution Archives. Acquisition Information Acquired by the Hoover Institution Archives in 2012, with subsequent increments through 2015. Accruals Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at http://searchworks.stanford.edu/ . Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid. -
Good Afternoon. OGE Has Received a FOIA Request Seeking “All Emails, To
From: Elizabeth D. Horton To: Seth Jaffe Subject: OGE FOIA FY 17-211 Date: Wednesday, February 22, 2017 4:49:25 PM Good afternoon. OGE has received a FOIA request seeking “all emails, to and from OGE spokesperson Seth Jaffe, that contain the word ‘KELLYANNE’ and/or ‘CONWAY.’” The time frame for this request is November 1, 2016 through the present. I know that you have searched for similar records in response to another FOIA request, but this request is a bit broader and covers a different time period. Please search your email account for any records responsive to this request and provide any responsive records by COB March 1, 2017. If you do not have any responsive records for this FOIA request, please reply with a “no responsive records” response. Please let me know if you have any questions. Thank you. Liz Elizabeth D. Horton Assistant Counsel, Legal, External Affairs and Performance Branch Program Counsel Division U.S. Office of Government Ethics (202) 482-9211 [email protected] Visit OGE’s website: www.oge.gov Follow OGE on Twitter: @OfficeGovEthics From: The Washington Post To: Seth Jaffe Subject: [GRAYMAIL] The Daily 202: At acrimonious post-election conference, Trump and Clinton strategists agree only on anger at the media. Even then, not really. Date: Friday, December 02, 2016 10:13:22 AM Sore winners, sore losers and the press in the crosshairs If you're having trouble reading this, click here. The Daily 202 Share on Twitter Share on Facebook At acrimonious post-election conference, Trump and Clinton strategists agree only on anger at the media.