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CARE NOT CUSTODY ACTION PACK What the WI has achieved and what you can do next in your community 1 CARE My son was not a criminal; he was in prison because there was no alternative place of safety. NOT NORFOLK FEDERATION“ WI MEMBER CUSTODY ” PRISON REFORM TRUST THE CARE NOT CUSTODY DVD contains a short 10 minute film which discusses the way people HOW TO with mental health needs and learning disabilities are treated in the criminal justice system and puts forward positive suggestions for diversion into appropriate mental health care. It includes personal stories, expert views and a couple of well known faces, all giving their views USE THIS on this vital concern. At the start of the film we hear the voice of a Norfolk WI member. The tragic death of her DVD mentally ill son in prison inspired the WI Care not Custody campaign. Ruth Bond, NFWI Chair, then talks about the importance of action by WI members and this is endorsed by Lord Bradley who conducted the Government-commissioned review of mental health diversion. The film can be shown at branch, federation and other community meetings and will provide an excellent basis for discussion and local action. 2 FOREWORD In its 95 year history the WI has passed no fewer than five resolutions on the care of the mentally ill. The most recent, in 2008, on the inappropriate imprisonment of the mentally ill was prompted by a member who had seen at first hand the true meaning of ‘inappropriate’ in the system that dealt with her late son. The WI premise has been, primarily, that there should be a higher level of co-operation between not only health and justice sectors but also between all authorities which deal with men, women and children with mental illness. Relevant care across the whole spectrum for an individual’s condition, wherever and at whatever phase they enter the system, particularly with early access to assessment and intervention. In practice this means care well before custody is an option. We have been pleased to see that some of Baroness Corston’s recommendations about care for vulnerable women have been implemented and that, if Lord Bradley’s report is followed, then health and social care along the lines we have called for will become the norm across the country. The WI has been pleased to engage with the Prison Reform Trust and its sister campaigns SmartJustice and Out of Trouble, as well as many other bodies including the Centre for Mental Health, Revolving Doors and Action for Prisoners’ Families to name but a few. In the last two years members have written tirelessly to their MPs requesting better diversion and funding for women’s centres as an alternative to prison. We have spoken with the Justice Ministers, as well as the authors of the aforementioned reports, questioned local authorities as to the facilities they provide and visited women’s centres and prisons. Some members have volunteered as mentors to the women in the centres, and a WI has been opened in a prison. These are positive outcomes that need to be replicated all over England and Wales. Inroads have been made into more care than custody but the work has only just begun. Re-investment of funding is required but more than that, custody must not be the only route to care. That care must surely come before custody. Ruth Bond Chair National Federation of Women’s Institutes Like the WI I want to take on challenging areas not merely comfortable ones. I am taking an intense interest in young people from disadvantaged backgrounds“ and indeed in causes such as mental health and offender rehabilitation which are as important as they are unfashionable. THE RT. HON. JOHN BERCOW MP, SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS, NFWI” AGM 2010 3 I hate this kind of life and I have considered WHAT HAPPENED actual suicide. I am by myself and the cell is cold. SON OF NORFOLK“ WI MEMBER THIS WAS THE TRAGIC EXPERIENCE OF A NORFOLK FEDERATION WI MEMBER. THE DEATH OF HER SON ” INSPIRED AND INFORMED THE CARE NOT CUSTODY CAMPAIGN My son died by suicide in prison, suffocated by a plastic bag while alone in a segregation unit. He was 33 years old. Thirteen years before his death in Manchester prison my son had graduated from Manchester University with a first class degree in physics. Sadly at the age of 22 while studying for a PhD in astrophysics he suffered a nervous breakdown. It began with serious suicide attempts – including setting himself on fire. Schizophrenia was diagnosed soon after this. From this time on he was seriously disabled by his mental illness. He spent the next 10 years in and out of psychiatric wards How did a highly intelligent young person with a long and well documented history of serious mental illness end his days in prison? I will describe to you how my son was arrested. He lived in Newcastle – there he was well known to the mental health services. Any incident would be dealt with by his care team and would usually result in hospital admission. At one point his psychiatrist was listed as one of ‘my friends and family’ most called telephone numbers! He met and began visiting a girlfriend at her Manchester home. During this time he was drinking excessively and smoking cannabis. While in Manchester chaotic and disordered thinking resulted in his purchasing a replica airpistol. He was fascinated by guns and the idea of suicide by shooting. He threatened to shoot himself during a phone conversation with his sister. She called the police as she was in fear for his safety. My daughter explained that her brother was mentally ill and threatening suicide. She asked the police to remove the gun safely from him and to keep her informed of the outcome. They did not - and we – we foolishly believed that he would be safe in a psychiatric unit. My son had no history of violence and had only ever harmed himself. Five days later we discovered that he had resisted arrest and in a struggle the gun was discharged twice. My son was taken to a police station and from there to HMP Manchester. Following his arrest there appear to have been no systems in place to give my son appropriate care. Government policy is to promote the diversion of mentally ill offenders from the criminal justice system to health or social services at the earliest opportunity. For whatever reason: lack of hospital beds, poorly informed lawyers, pressure on the system, communication failures, poorly trained judges, lack of funding – my son was entirely failed by this policy not translating into real action on the ground. Once in the prison system – there was nothing we as a family could do for my son. Visiting was difficult, applications have to be made in advance, and restricted to one hour only. We were unable to telephone him – prisoners are not allowed incoming calls. The period of remand was far too long - from October through to May. At the final hearing he was sentenced to 5 years. My son did not cope well with prison. Care for the mentally ill should be therapeutic and in surroundings conducive to peace and recovery – not the barred, noisy, stressful and gardenless prison. Those of you who have visited prisons will be aware of how unpleasant and entirely unsuitable a place they are for the mentally ill. Prisons spend more than half their NHS health budget on mental health care. They have health care units, employ psychiatric nurses and have in-reach teams – who do their best, but prison can never be appropriate for the mentally ill. His treatment was drug based. My son was locked up for up to 15 hours a day and had only 2 hours of “association” with other prisoners per day. He was bullied and treated with suspicion by most of his fellow prisoners – partly because of his illness and partly through the fact he just did not “fit”. In a letter I received after his death, he wrote “you must understand that one of my beliefs, at a deep level, is that the world is a dangerous and malevolent place – this is common with my illness. As a result, I do assume that everyone is out to get me... You can see that I am in a terrible situation, segregated, hated by the entire jail it seems and not knowing what will happen next. Someone could come to my door at any time and tell me I am off to some alien jail, unwanted by this establishment, only to find myself clawing out some kind of existence amongst a new set of threatening criminals. I hate this kind of life and I have considered actual suicide. I am by myself and the cell is cold.” My son was not a criminal; he was in prison because there was no alternative place of safety. 4 CARENOTCUSTODY THE MANDATE In June 2008, the AGM passed, by an overwhelming majority, the following mandate: “In view of the adverse effect on families of the imprisonment of people with severe mental health problems, this resolution urges HM Government to provide treatment and therapy in a more appropriate and secure residential environment.” More than two-thirds of all men, women and children in prison have two or more mental Care Not Custody for the health problems such as depression and anxiety. Many have a history of attempted suicide mentally disabled is and self-harm, while significant numbers have severe and ongoing illnesses such as schizophrenia and personality disorders.