DOCSLIB.ORG

Geastrum Pleosporus</Emphasis>

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Geastrum Pleosporus</Emphasis> Mycological Progress 4(3): 239–250, August 2005 239 Geastrum pleosporus sp. nov., a new species of Geastraceae iden- tified by morphological and molecular phylogenetic data Clovis DOUANLA-MELI1,*, Ewald LANGER1 & Francisco D. CALONGE2 An unusual species of Geastrum was found growing on decayed wood debris and leaves of Triplochiton scleroxylon in the Mbalmayo Forest Reserve, Cameroon. The species morphologically resembles G. saccatum and G. fimbriatum in having sessile endosperidium partly enclosed by the saccate base of the exoperidium. Microscopically, it is characterized by and distinguished from all other known species of the genus, in having subsmooth, punctate to moderately verruculose, slightly thick- to distinctly thick-walled polymorphous, constricted to eight-shaped, mostly oblong, ovoid, cylindrical, elliptic to club- shaped basidiospores. G. pleosporus was studied from a collection of about fifteen basidiomata covering different stages of development. It is described as new based on morphological analyses and phylogenetic inferences made from large ribo- somal DNA sequence alignments. Phylogenetic relationship of G. pleosporus is investigated. In parsimony analyses of partial sequences of the large subunit rDNA from selected Gasteromycetes species, G. pleosporus is closely related to G. saccatum within the strongly supported clade of Geastrum species. The cluster of G. pleosporus and G. saccatum is well supported in parsimony analysis of the dataset with Geastrum species and related taxa using parsimony and maximum like- lihood analysis. Taxonomical novelty: Geastrum pleosporus Douanla-Meli Keywords: Earthstar, fibrilose-gleba, LSU rDNA, Lycoperdales, mycosclereids, peridium, polymorphous spores, subiculum he genus Geastrum was erected by PERSOON (1801) sical taxonomy. Morphologically identifying characteristics with G. coronatum Persoon as the type species. It is of Geastrum are the rays that curl back in a star-like manner, T the most widely distributed and complex genus in the this clears a space around the endoperidium which remains Puffballs and fungi with enclosed hymenophore. Species in seated in the cup thus formed, as it is the case in G. sessile (So- this genus are obviously recognised by the distinctly star-like werby) Pouzar and G. saccatum Fr., or the rays fold tightly basidiomata at maturity. The young fruitbody buried under over the spore sac and raise the latter like that in G. corona- leaf litter resembles a small, pointed, globular or dome-shaped tum Pers., and typically in G. fornicatum (Huds.) Hook., with puffball, lacking typical narrow stem and cap of other com- a peridium carried upon a pseudostem. In other species like mon fungi; the peridium is composed of not less than four G. schweinitzii (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Zeller, the fruitbodies layers. As maturity approaches, the exoperidium splits from sit on a subiculum, a felt like mass of hyphae, which covers the apex downwards into several stellate lobes and exposes rotting wood. In some species the rays expand, but then close the endoperidium, which dehisces by a unique stoma. Within up over the endoperidium when they dry out. They are de- the family Geastraceae comprising two other genera, Myrio- scribed as hygroscopic and resemble hygroscopic species like stoma Desv. is distinguished from other earth stars by the mul- Astraeus hygrometricus (Pers.) Morgan. Significantly, how- tiple perforations on the spore sac and Radiigera Zeller is also ever, several species of Geastrum having hygroscopic rays similar to an earthstar except that it does not open. CUNNING- can be distinguished by the presence of a peristome, a colu- HAM (1979) estimated about 110 species of Geastrum, cur- mella, and generally smaller spores. Microscopically the strik- rently described are not more than 30 valid species in the genus. ing features of the genus concern the spores. They are glo- Up to 279 species have been described, basically using clas- bose, or less frequently subglobose, some shade of brown, and almost invariably verrucose or echinulate, produced on 4–8 spored basidia. Geastrum is the most common Gasteromycete genus in 1 Universität Kassel, Fachbereich 18 Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Ökologie, Heinrich-Plett-Staße. 40, 34132 Kas- Cameroon (CALONGE & DANIËLS 1998, HJORTSTAM et al., sel, Germany. 1993). In the framework of a research program aimed at the 2 Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2. E-28014 Madrid, assessment of fungal biodiversity in South Cameroon, pe- Spain. E-mail <[email protected]> * Corresponding author e-mail <[email protected]>, Tel.: (0049) 561 riodical collections were carried out. During 2002 we collected 8044215, Fax: (0049) 561 8044115 several specimens in the Mbalmayo Forest Reserve, belong- © DGfM 2005 240 DOUANLA-MELI, LANGER & CALONGE: Geastrum pleosporus spec. nov. ing to the genus Geastrum, and the study revealed well-known STONE & THOMPSON (1991) and HENRION, LE TACON & MAR- species such as G. saccatum and G. fimbriatum, representing TIN (1992). Material for DNA isolation (30–40 mg) was taken the first records for Cameroon, while other did not match with from the gleba tissue (mass of spore with capillitium) and the any of the described species (PONCE DE LEÓN 1968; CALON- exoperidium. Serial dilutions (1:100, 1:1000) were used as GE 1998; CALONGE & DEMOULIN 1975; SUNHEDE 1989; SOTO template for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Reaction & WRIGHT 2000, etc.). Besides the typical morphology re- for PCR amplification were performed in 50 µl mixture con- miniscent of Geastrum species, the spore patterns observed taining 50 mM KCl, 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.4), 75 mM in the whole collection were unknown in the genus. In this MgCl2, 10 mM of each of the four deoxynucleotide triphos- case an exclusively morphological study appears not suffi- phates, 25 pM of each primer, and 1 unit of Taq polymerase. ciently reliable. Therefore molecular tools for their identifi- The 5’ end domain of the nuclear DNA coding for the large cation were combined. Very limited molecular data are avail- ribosomal subunit (LSU rDNA) was amplified using the poly- able to infer phylogenetic relationships in Geastrum. In order merase chain reaction (MULLIS & FALOONA 1987; WHITE et to test the hypothesis that the fungus is related to Geastrum al. 1990) with NL1 and NL4 as primers (O’ DONNELL 1993). species, we sequenced a portion of the large subunit rDNA, The PCR reactions were performed with the TGradient Ther- and included it in two datasets of (a) Gasteromycete species mocycler 96, Biometra of Whatman Company. The cycle and (b) Geastrum species together with related taxa. Its phy- parameters were an initial denaturation at 94 °C for 3 min, fol- logenetic placement was investigated. Morphological and lowed by 35 cycles consisting of denaturation at 94 °C for 30 s, molecular studies suggested that this is a new species in Ge- annealing at 55 °C for 45 s and extension at 72 °C for 60 s, astrum. and a final elongation step of 7 min at 72 °C was included. PCR products were checked on 0.7 % agarose gel, and puri- fied with the QIAquickTM kit (QIAGEN) according to the ma- Material and methods nufacturer’s instructions. The DNA products were sequenced Basidiomata were collected and dried with a DÖRREX SIGG in both directions with the respective primers NL1 and NL4, TM 6252.10 (Switzerland). The description was made based on using the ABI PRISM Bigdye Terminator Cycle Sequenc- the examination of the collection containing fifteen fruitbo- ing Kit, Version 3.1, Applied Biosystems, and analysed using dies in all stages of development. Colour terms in parenthe- an automated DNA sequencer ABI 3100, Perkin Elmer. ses are those of KORNERUP & WANSCHER (1978). Herbaria are cited according to HOLMGREN, HOLMGREN & BARNETT Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis (1990). Holotype specimens are deposited at the herbarium of The contiguous nucleotide sequences were edited and assemb- Cryptogamy Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of led using the programs EditSeq and MegAlign of Lasergene Yaoundé I, Cameroon (HUYI), an isotype at MA-Fungi. (DNASTAR 2000) software for Macintosh, and manually cor- rected with Se-Al version 2.0a11 (RAMBAUT 2002). Gaps (in- Line drawings, light and scanning electron micro- sertions/deletions) in the alignment were treated as missing scopy data. All positions were included in the final alignment. The Morphological description was based on fresh material. Micro- three sequences of Geastrum we determined have been depo- scopic structures were mainly observed on dried material. sited in Genbank with the accession numbers AY566241 and Free-hand thin sections were mounted in KOH (5 %) for more AY566242 for G. pleosporus and AY714318 for G. fimbria- detailed observations. Light microscopy studies were carried tum. Additional sequences used for comparative analyses were out at 400 and 1000 X using an Olympus BX51TF micros- obtained from GenBank (Tab. 1). We assembled two data sets cope. Line drawings were made using a grid as drawing aid of LSU sequences by selecting species of Gasteromycetes, and representing a magnification of 52000. Size ranges of basi- a selection of Geastrum species together with related species. diospores were based on at least 50 basidiospores; light pho- The aligned sequences are deposited in TreeBase in NEXUS tography was done with a Nikon COOLPIX 4500 Digital, and format, with accession numbers SN1798. processed in Photoshop (Adobe Photoshop 4.0). For the SEM Phylogenetic analysis
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks Bioblitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of BioBlitz participants conducting data entry into iNaturalist. Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service. ON THE COVER Photograph of BioBlitz participants collecting aquatic species data in the Presidio of San Francisco. Photograph courtesy of National Park Service. The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 Elizabeth Edson1, Michelle O’Herron1, Alison Forrestel2, Daniel George3 1Golden Gate Parks Conservancy Building 201 Fort Mason San Francisco, CA 94129 2National Park Service. Golden Gate National Recreation Area Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1061 Sausalito, CA 94965 3National Park Service. San Francisco Bay Area Network Inventory & Monitoring Program Manager Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1063 Sausalito, CA 94965 March 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service.
    [Show full text]
  • Fruiting Body Form, Not Nutritional Mode, Is the Major Driver of Diversification in Mushroom-Forming Fungi
    Fruiting body form, not nutritional mode, is the major driver of diversification in mushroom-forming fungi Marisol Sánchez-Garcíaa,b, Martin Rybergc, Faheema Kalsoom Khanc, Torda Vargad, László G. Nagyd, and David S. Hibbetta,1 aBiology Department, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610; bUppsala Biocentre, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75005 Uppsala, Sweden; cDepartment of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; and dSynthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, 6726 Szeged, Hungary Edited by David M. Hillis, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, and approved October 16, 2020 (received for review December 22, 2019) With ∼36,000 described species, Agaricomycetes are among the and the evolution of enclosed spore-bearing structures. It has most successful groups of Fungi. Agaricomycetes display great di- been hypothesized that the loss of ballistospory is irreversible versity in fruiting body forms and nutritional modes. Most have because it involves a complex suite of anatomical features gen- pileate-stipitate fruiting bodies (with a cap and stalk), but the erating a “surface tension catapult” (8, 11). The effect of gas- group also contains crust-like resupinate fungi, polypores, coral teroid fruiting body forms on diversification rates has been fungi, and gasteroid forms (e.g., puffballs and stinkhorns). Some assessed in Sclerodermatineae, Boletales, Phallomycetidae, and Agaricomycetes enter into ectomycorrhizal symbioses with plants, Lycoperdaceae, where it was found that lineages with this type of while others are decayers (saprotrophs) or pathogens. We constructed morphology have diversified at higher rates than nongasteroid a megaphylogeny of 8,400 species and used it to test the following lineages (12).
    [Show full text]
  • Gasteroid Mycobiota (Agaricales, Geastrales, And
    Gasteroid mycobiota ( Agaricales , Geastrales , and Phallales ) from Espinal forests in Argentina 1,* 2 MARÍA L. HERNÁNDEZ CAFFOT , XIMENA A. BROIERO , MARÍA E. 2 2 3 FERNÁNDEZ , LEDA SILVERA RUIZ , ESTEBAN M. CRESPO , EDUARDO R. 1 NOUHRA 1 Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, CONICET–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC 495, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina. 2 Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina. 3 Cátedra de Diversidad Vegetal I, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia., Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CP 5700 San Luis, Argentina. CORRESPONDENCE TO : [email protected] *CURRENT ADDRESS : Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Jujuy (CIT-JUJUY), CONICET- Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, CP 4600, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina. ABSTRACT — Sampling and analysis of gasteroid agaricomycete species ( Phallomycetidae and Agaricomycetidae ) associated with relicts of native Espinal forests in the southeast region of Córdoba, Argentina, have identified twenty-nine species in fourteen genera: Bovista (4), Calvatia (2), Cyathus (1), Disciseda (4), Geastrum (7), Itajahya (1), Lycoperdon (2), Lysurus (2), Morganella (1), Mycenastrum (1), Myriostoma (1), Sphaerobolus (1), Tulostoma (1), and Vascellum (1). The gasteroid species from the sampled Espinal forests showed an overall similarity with those recorded from neighboring phytogeographic regions; however, a new species of Lysurus was found and is briefly described, and Bovista coprophila is a new record for Argentina. KEY WORDS — Agaricomycetidae , fungal distribution, native woodlands, Phallomycetidae . Introduction The Espinal Phytogeographic Province is a transitional ecosystem between the Pampeana, the Chaqueña, and the Monte Phytogeographic Provinces in Argentina (Cabrera 1971). The Espinal forests, mainly dominated by Prosopis L.
    [Show full text]
  • Earthstar Representative Specimen Kingdom: Fungi FEATURES Phylum: Basidiomycota Several Species of Earthstars May Be Found Class: Agaricomycetes Throughout Illinois
    earthstar representative specimen Kingdom: Fungi FEATURES Phylum: Basidiomycota Several species of earthstars may be found Class: Agaricomycetes throughout Illinois. These small- to medium-sized (to Order: Geastrales about two and one-half inches wide) fungi are gray or brown. They do not have a stalk. The outer wall of Family: Geastraceae the spore case splits to form a starlike pattern. The ILLINOIS STATUS inner spore case that remains has an opening at the top through which the spores escape. The body of a common, native fungus (mycelium) is made up of strands called © Guy Sternberg mycelia. The mycelium grows within the soil, a dead tree or other object and is rarely seen. The fruiting body that produces spores is generally present for only a short period of time but is the most familiar part of the fungus to people. BEHAVIORS Earthstars may be found statewide in Illinois. They most often grow on the forest floor but will also grow on soil. Unlike plants, fungi do not have roots, stems, leaves, flowers or seeds. Earthstars must absorb nutrients and water from the objects they grow in. They produce spores in late summer or fall. representative specimen The spores provide a means of reproduction, dispersal and survival in poor conditions. Spore production occurs when conditions are favorable, generally with warm temperatures and ample ILLINOIS RANGE moisture. © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. 2021. Biodiversity of Illinois. Unless otherwise noted, photos and images © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. Aquatic Habitats none Woodland Habitats coniferous forests; upland deciduous forests Prairie and Edge Habitats edge © Illinois Department of Natural Resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes, Outline and Divergence Times of Basidiomycota
    Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00435-4 (0123456789().,-volV)(0123456789().,- volV) Notes, outline and divergence times of Basidiomycota 1,2,3 1,4 3 5 5 Mao-Qiang He • Rui-Lin Zhao • Kevin D. Hyde • Dominik Begerow • Martin Kemler • 6 7 8,9 10 11 Andrey Yurkov • Eric H. C. McKenzie • Olivier Raspe´ • Makoto Kakishima • Santiago Sa´nchez-Ramı´rez • 12 13 14 15 16 Else C. Vellinga • Roy Halling • Viktor Papp • Ivan V. Zmitrovich • Bart Buyck • 8,9 3 17 18 1 Damien Ertz • Nalin N. Wijayawardene • Bao-Kai Cui • Nathan Schoutteten • Xin-Zhan Liu • 19 1 1,3 1 1 1 Tai-Hui Li • Yi-Jian Yao • Xin-Yu Zhu • An-Qi Liu • Guo-Jie Li • Ming-Zhe Zhang • 1 1 20 21,22 23 Zhi-Lin Ling • Bin Cao • Vladimı´r Antonı´n • Teun Boekhout • Bianca Denise Barbosa da Silva • 18 24 25 26 27 Eske De Crop • Cony Decock • Ba´lint Dima • Arun Kumar Dutta • Jack W. Fell • 28 29 30 31 Jo´ zsef Geml • Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad • Admir J. Giachini • Tatiana B. Gibertoni • 32 33,34 17 35 Sergio P. Gorjo´ n • Danny Haelewaters • Shuang-Hui He • Brendan P. Hodkinson • 36 37 38 39 40,41 Egon Horak • Tamotsu Hoshino • Alfredo Justo • Young Woon Lim • Nelson Menolli Jr. • 42 43,44 45 46 47 Armin Mesˇic´ • Jean-Marc Moncalvo • Gregory M. Mueller • La´szlo´ G. Nagy • R. Henrik Nilsson • 48 48 49 2 Machiel Noordeloos • Jorinde Nuytinck • Takamichi Orihara • Cheewangkoon Ratchadawan • 50,51 52 53 Mario Rajchenberg • Alexandre G.
    [Show full text]
  • Geastrum Triplex (AGARICOMYCETES, BASIDIOMYCOTA) NUEVO REGISTRO PARA COLOMBIA
    BOLETÍN CIENTÍFICO bol.cient.mus.hist.nat. 21 (1), enero-junio, 2017. 17-28. ISSN: 0123-3068 (Impreso) ISSN: 2462-8190 (En línea) CENTRO DE MUSEOS MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL Geastrum triplex (AGARICOMYCETES, BASIDIOMYCOTA) NUEVO REGISTRO PARA COLOMBIA César Augusto Pinzón-O.1, Jonás Pinzón-O.2, Nubia Ladino-O.3 Resumen Se registra por primera vez a Geastrum triplex para la micobiota colombiana a partir de basidiomas colectados en la vereda Santa Helena, municipio de Gachalá, departamento de Cundinamarca. Se aporta información sobre la distribución, ecología y sustrato de crecimiento de la especie; la cual es descrita e ilustrada. Por tanto, el género Geastrum queda representado en Colombia por cinco especies: G. mirabile; G. rufescens; G. saccatum; G. subiculosum y G. triplex. Palabras clave: bosque húmedo premontano, Cundinamarca, Geastrales, hongos gasteroides, macromicetos. Geastrum triplex (AGARICOMYCETES, BASIDIOMYCOTA) NEW RECORD FOR COLOMBIA Abstract Geastrum triplex for the Colombian microbiota is recorded for the first time from basidiomata collected in the village of Santa Helena, municipality of Gachalá, Department of Cundinamarca. Information on distribution, ecology and growth substrate of the species is provided, described and illustrated. The Geastrum genus is represented in Colombia by five species: G. mirabile; G. rufescens; G. saccatum; G. subiculosum and G. triplex. Key words: premontane humid forest, Cundinamarca, gasteroid fungi, Geastrales, macromycete. * FR: 18-VIII-16. FA: 5-V-17 1 Departamento de Biología, Universidad Pedagógica Nacional sede Bogotá, Colombia. Autor para correspondencia. E-mail: [email protected]. 2 College of the Atlantic, Program Human Ecology, Bachelor of Science, Maine, USA. E-mail: jpinzonosorio@coa. edu.
    [Show full text]
  • A Database of the Global Distribution of Alien Macrofungi
    Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e51459 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.8.e51459 Data Paper A database of the global distribution of alien macrofungi Miguel Monteiro‡,§,|, Luís Reino ‡,§, Anna Schertler¶¶, Franz Essl , Rui Figueira‡,§,#, Maria Teresa Ferreira|, César Capinha ¤ ‡ CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal § CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal | Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal ¶ Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation Ecology and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria # LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal ¤ Centro de Estudos Geográficos, Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território - IGOT, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal Corresponding author: César Capinha ([email protected]) Academic editor: Dmitry Schigel Received: 25 Feb 2020 | Accepted: 16 Mar 2020 | Published: 01 Apr 2020 Citation: Monteiro M, Reino L, Schertler A, Essl F, Figueira R, Ferreira MT, Capinha C (2020) A database of the global distribution of alien macrofungi. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e51459. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e51459 Abstract Background Human activities are allowing the ever-increasing dispersal of taxa to beyond their native ranges. Understanding the patterns and implications of these distributional changes requires comprehensive information on the geography of introduced species. Current knowledge about the alien distribution of macrofungi is limited taxonomically and temporally, which severely hinders the study of human-mediated distribution changes for this taxonomic group.
    [Show full text]
  • New Records of Sessile Earthstars (Geastrum Fimbriatum) and Collared Earthstars (Geastrum Triplex) from the Glasgow Area, Scotland
    The Glasgow Naturalist (online 2020) Volume 27, Part 2 https://doi.org/10.37208/tgn27220 New records of sessile earthstars (Geastrum fimbriatum) and collared earthstars (Geastrum triplex) from the Glasgow area, Scotland M. O’Reilly Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Angus Smith Building, 6 Parklands Avenue, Eurocentral, Holytown, North Lanarkshire ML1 4WQ E-mail: [email protected] Fig. 1. Mature collared earthstars (Geastrum triplex), around 10 cm diameter, showing cracking of pericarp to form a saucer-like collar; Pollok Park, Glasgow, Scotland, October Earthstars are one of our more recognisable types of 2019. (Photo: M. O’Reilly) fungi due to the distinctive star-shaped structure of their fruiting body. They are gasteromycete fungi, a type of puffball, enclosed in a pericarp which splits and unfolds to form the characteristic star shape. They tend to grow in dry places: under bushes, on dunes, in litter in dry conifer woodland, dry grassland, and often in manmade habitats such as unused railway lines. Many are found under yew (Taxus spp.) in churchyards. The release of spores is caused by raindrops or disturbance tapping the spore sac (Watling, 1973; Pegler et al., 1995; Petersen & Læssøe, 2019). Their apparent arrival and spread throughout the Glasgow area, Scotland, has been highlighted recently by McInerny (2019), who noted they were first recorded in 2004 and, according to the Glasgow Museums Recording Centre (GMRC), are now known from over 16 locations. These include Victoria Park, Kelvingrove Fig. 2. Immature collared earthstars (Geastrum triplex), Park, Kelvinbridge, Botanic Gardens, Bell Street, around 10 cm diameter, without collar but showing distinct Springburn Park, Richmond Park, Bellahouston Park, spore sac halo; Pollok Park, Glasgow, Scotland, October 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete References List
    Aanen, D. K. & T. W. Kuyper (1999). Intercompatibility tests in the Hebeloma crustuliniforme complex in northwestern Europe. Mycologia 91: 783-795. Aanen, D. K., T. W. Kuyper, T. Boekhout & R. F. Hoekstra (2000). Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Hebeloma based on ITS1 and 2 sequences, with special emphasis on the Hebeloma crustuliniforme complex. Mycologia 92: 269-281. Aanen, D. K. & T. W. Kuyper (2004). A comparison of the application of a biological and phenetic species concept in the Hebeloma crustuliniforme complex within a phylogenetic framework. Persoonia 18: 285-316. Abbott, S. O. & Currah, R. S. (1997). The Helvellaceae: Systematic revision and occurrence in northern and northwestern North America. Mycotaxon 62: 1-125. Abesha, E., G. Caetano-Anollés & K. Høiland (2003). Population genetics and spatial structure of the fairy ring fungus Marasmius oreades in a Norwegian sand dune ecosystem. Mycologia 95: 1021-1031. Abraham, S. P. & A. R. Loeblich III (1995). Gymnopilus palmicola a lignicolous Basidiomycete, growing on the adventitious roots of the palm sabal palmetto in Texas. Principes 39: 84-88. Abrar, S., S. Swapna & M. Krishnappa (2012). Development and morphology of Lysurus cruciatus--an addition to the Indian mycobiota. Mycotaxon 122: 217-282. Accioly, T., R. H. S. F. Cruz, N. M. Assis, N. K. Ishikawa, K. Hosaka, M. P. Martín & I. G. Baseia (2018). Amazonian bird's nest fungi (Basidiomycota): Current knowledge and novelties on Cyathus species. Mycoscience 59: 331-342. Acharya, K., P. Pradhan, N. Chakraborty, A. K. Dutta, S. Saha, S. Sarkar & S. Giri (2010). Two species of Lysurus Fr.: addition to the macrofungi of West Bengal.
    [Show full text]
  • Filogenia Molecular De Fungos Gasteroides Das Ordens Phallales E Geastrales (Phallomycetidae)
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS CENTRO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS Filogenia molecular de fungos gasteroides das ordens Phallales e Geastrales (Phallomycetidae) Aluna: Tiara Sousa Cabral Orientador: Prof. Dr. Iuri Goulart Baseia Co-orientador: Prof. Dr. Paulo Marinho Natal – RN 2011 Filogenia molecular de fungos gasteroides das ordens Phallales e Geastrales (Phallomycetidae) i Tiara Sousa Cabral Filogenia molecular de fungos gasteroides das ordens Phallales e Geastrales (Phallomycetidae) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, UFRN, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Biológicas. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Iuri Goulart Baseia Co-orientador: Prof. Dr. Paulo Marinho Natal, RN 2011 Catalogação da Publicação na Fonte. UFRN / Biblioteca Setorial do Centro de Biociências Cabral, Tiara Sousa. Filogenia molecular de fungos gasteroides das ordens phallales e Geastrales (Phallomycetidae) / Tiara Sousa Cabral. – Natal, RN, 2011. 69 f. : il. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Iuri Goulart Baseia. Co-orientador: Prof. Dr. Paulo Marinho. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Centro de Biociências. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas 1. Fungos gasteroides – Dissertação 2. RPB2, ATP6-Phallaceae – Dissertação. 3. Geastrum – Dissertação. I. Baseia, Iuri Goulart. II. Marinho, Paulo. III. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. IV. Título. RN/UF/BSE-CB CDU 582.281.21 ERRATA CABRAL, T. S. Filogenia molecular de fungos gasteroides das ordens Phallales e Geastrales (Phallomycetidae). 2011. 69 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2011. Folha Linha Onde se lê Leia-se ii 27 Brumo Bruno 11 Tiara Sousa Cabral FILOGENIA MOLECULAR DE FUNGOS GASTEROIDES DAS ORDENS PHALLALES E GEASTRALES (PHALLOMYCETIDAE) Dissertação de mestrado submetida ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, UFRN, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Biológicas.
    [Show full text]
  • Toward a Fully Resolved Fungal Tree of Life
    Annual Review of Microbiology Toward a Fully Resolved Fungal Tree of Life Timothy Y. James,1 Jason E. Stajich,2 Chris Todd Hittinger,3 and Antonis Rokas4 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA; email: [email protected] 2Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA; email: [email protected] 3Laboratory of Genetics, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Center for Genomic Science and Innovation, J.F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA; email: [email protected] 4Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 2020. 74:291–313 Keywords First published as a Review in Advance on deep phylogeny, phylogenomic inference, uncultured majority, July 13, 2020 classification, systematics The Annual Review of Microbiology is online at micro.annualreviews.org Abstract https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-022020- Access provided by Vanderbilt University on 06/28/21. For personal use only. In this review, we discuss the current status and future challenges for fully 051835 Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 2020.74:291-313. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org elucidating the fungal tree of life. In the last 15 years, advances in genomic Copyright © 2020 by Annual Reviews. technologies have revolutionized fungal systematics, ushering the field into All rights reserved the phylogenomic era. This has made the unthinkable possible, namely ac- cess to the entire genetic record of all known extant taxa.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships of the Gomphales Based on Nuc-25S-Rdna, Mit-12S-Rdna, and Mit-Atp6-DNA Combined Sequences
    Phylogenetic relationships of the Gomphales based on nuc-25S-rDNA, mit-12S-rDNA, and mit-atp6-DNA combined sequences a b Admir J. GIACHINl ,*, Kentaro HOSAKA , Eduardo NOUHRAc, d A Joseph SPATAFORA , James M. TRAPPE ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Phylogenetic relationships among Geastrales, Gomphales, Hysterangiales, and Phallales were estimated via combined sequences: nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (nuc-25S- rDNA), mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA (mit-12S-rDNA), and mitochondrial atp6 DNA (mit-atp6-DNA). Eighty-one taxa comprising 19 genera and 58 species were inves- tigated, including members of the Clathraceae, Gautieriaceae, Geastraceae, Gomphaceae, Hysterangiaceae, Phallaceae, Protophallaceae, and Sphaerobolaceae. Although some nodes Keywords: deep in the tree could not be fully resolved, some well-supported lineages were recovered, atp6 and the interrelationships among Gloeocantharellus, Gomphus, Phaeoclavulina, and Turbinel- Gomphales Ius, and the placement of Ramaria are better understood. Both Gomphus sensu lato and Rama- Homobasidiomycetes ria sensu lato comprise paraphyletic lineages within the Gomphaceae. Relationships of the rDNA subgenera of Ramaria sensu lato to each other and to other members of the Gomphales were Systematics clarified. Within Gomphus sensu lato, Gomphus sensu stricto, Turbinellus, Gloeocantharellus and Phaeoclavulina are separated by the presence/absence of clamp connections, spore orna- mentation (echinulate, verrucose, subreticulate or reticulate), and basidiomal morphology (fan-shaped, funnel-shaped or ramarioid). Gautieria, a sequestrate genus in theGautieria- ceae, was recovered as monophyletic and nested with members of Ramaria subgenus Ramaria. This agrees with previous observations of traits shared by these two ectomycor- rhizal taxa, such as the presence of fungal mats in the soil. Clavariadelphus was recovered as a sister group to Beenakia, Kavinia, and Lentaria.
    [Show full text]