DOCSLIB.ORG

A Remarkable New Species of Geastrum with an Elongated Branched Stipe

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Remarkable New Species of Geastrum with an Elongated Branched Stipe mycoscience 58 (2017) 344e350 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/myc Short communication A remarkable new species of Geastrum with an elongated branched stipe Tiara S. Cabral a, Julieth O. Sousa b, Bianca D.B. Silva c, Marı´a P. Martı´n d,*, Charles R. Clement e, Iuri G. Baseia f a Programa de Pos-Graduac ¸ao~ em Genetica, Conservac¸ao~ e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Pesquisa da Amazonia,^ Manaus 69067-375, Brazil b Programa de Pos-Graduac ¸ao~ em Sistematica e Evoluc¸ao,~ Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitario, Natal 59072-970, Brazil c Departamento de Botanica,^ Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Biologia, Ondina, Salvador 40170115, Brazil d Departamento de Micologı´a, Real Jardı´n Botanico eCSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain e Coordenac¸ao~ de Tecnologia e Inovac¸ao,~ Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia,^ Manaus 69067-375, Brazil f Departamento de Botanica^ e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitario, Natal 59072-970, Brazil article info abstract Article history: Based on morphological and molecular analysis, we describe the new species Geastrum Received 24 August 2016 verrucoramulosum, discriminated from other species in the section Exareolata mainly by an Received in revised form elongated, verrucose, branched stipe. This new species is currently known from two forest 22 March 2017 locations in central and southwestern Amazonia. Species description, images, and taxo- Accepted 26 March 2017 nomic discussion of both morphological and molecular data are provided. Available online 19 May 2017 © 2017 The Mycological Society of Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Geastraceae Neotropics Phallomycetidae Phylogeny Taxonomy The order Geastrales K. Hosaka & Castellano (Hosaka et al. sequences of tropical species are needed, and may modify the 2006) has been the subject of studies to elucidate the phylo- current phylogeny. genetic relationships among its genera and species (Hosaka In recent years, intensive fieldwork focusing on gasteroid and Castellano 2008; Kasuya et al. 2012; Zamora et al. 2013, fungi (Basidiomycota) has been carried out in several Brazilian 2014). However, the diversity of tropical earthstars is still biomes, including the Semi-arid, Atlantic Rainforest, and poorly known. New discoveries and the inclusion of DNA Amazon Rainforest, especially focusing on Geastrum species * Corresponding author. Fax: þ34 914200157. E-mail address: [email protected] (M.P. Martı´n). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2017.03.004 1340-3540/© 2017 The Mycological Society of Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. mycoscience 58 (2017) 344e350 345 (Sousa et al. 2014a, b; Cabral et al. 2014b). These studies have of aligned sequences from each DNA region were concate- revealed exceptional new and unusual diversity, totaling 54 nated to form one single matrix. This matrix was used to species described so far for Brazil (Baseia and Milanez 2002; perform maximum parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic Baseia and Calonge 2006; Fazolino et al. 2008; da Silva et al. analyses. The maximum parsimony analysis was conducted 2013; Cabral et al. 2014a; Sousa et al. 2015). In this study, our with PAUP* 4.0 (Swofford 2003). The trees were calculated with goal is to provide new information about the genus Geastrum a heuristic search, with branch swapping, using the TBR al- in the Amazon Rainforest by describing a remarkable new gorithm, with initial trees obtained by stepwise addition of species with an elongated and branched stipe. random additional sequences repeated 100 times, and boot- Specimens were collected during the rainy season of 2012 straps of 1000 replicates. The Bayesian analysis was per- in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. One specimen (LABEV formed with MrBayes v.3.1.2. (Huelsenbeck and Ronquist 6059) was collected during an ecology field course conducted 2001), where trees were calculated using two different runs by the Federal University of Acre (UFAC) and the Research with four incrementally heated simultaneous MCMC simula- Program on Biodiversity (PPBio), and sent to the first author by tions over 10 million generations for the first analysis and 2 the collectors. Descriptive terminology and taxonomy are million for the second analysis, with trees sampled at every based on Sunhede (1989), Baseia and Milanez (2002), and da 1000 generations. To estimate posterior probabilities and Silva et al. (2013). Color codes follow Kornerup and calculate the consensus tree, part of the trees was discarded Wanscher (1978). For light microscopy, free-hand sections as a burn-in stage observing the average standard deviation of were mounted in 5% (w/v) KOH and then examined with a split frequency values. The trees were edited with FigTree Nikon Eclipse Ni light microscope (Nikon Corporation, Tokyo) (http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/). All molecular data coupled with a Nikon DS-Ri camera (Nikon Corporation, can be accessed at TreeBase under ID 19668. Tokyo), supported by NIS-Elements AR 4.00.03 software Alignment 1 consisted of 133 taxa and 1512 characters (Nikon Corporation, Tokyo). Thirty randomly selected basid- (862 nuc-LSU and 649 atp6), among which 508 were iospores were measured using light microscopy, under the parsimony-informative characters. The maximum parsi- 100Â immersion oil objective, with 10Â oculars. All measure- mony and Bayesian analyses resulted in similar phyloge- ments include basidiospore ornamentation. Basidiospore ab- netic trees, where the new species clustered with species breviations follow Sousa et al. (2014a):n¼ number of from section Exareolata De Toni (trees not shown; see Tree- randomly measured basidiospores; x ¼ mean ± standard de- Base ID 19668). In alignment 2, only species from section viation of basidiospore diameter and height (including orna- Exareolata were included, with G. schmidelii as outgroup. The ¼ mentation); Qm mean height/width quotient. Scanning concatenated matrix consisted of 16 taxa and 1496 charac- electron microscopy studies were performed at the Uni- ters (906 corresponding to nuc-LSU and 589 corresponding to versidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) with a Phi- atp6), among which 236 were parsimony-informative char- lips XL 20 (Philips Company, Amsterdam), in accordance with acters. We obtained one most parsimonious tree with 543 previously described methods (da Silva et al. 2011). Specimens steps and CI ¼ 0.705, RI ¼ 0.788, RC ¼ 0.555. Both maximum are deposited in the fungal collection of the INPA and UFRN parsimony and Bayesian analyses resulted in similar trees Herbaria (Manaus and Natal, Brazil). (Fig. 1), where the new species is a sister clade of Geastrum DNA extraction was performed from a small piece of the cf. stipitatum [determined in Zamora et al. (2014)], also from dried basidioma, following da Silva et al. (2013). Two DNA Brazilian Amazon Rainforest. Due to the unique LSU and regions were amplified, the nuclear large subunit rDNA (nuc- atp6 sequences, as well as unique morphological characters, LSU) and the mitochondrial ATPase subunit 6 coding region the new species Geastrum verrucoramulosum is here (atp6), using primers developed by Vilgalys and Hester (1990) described. and Kretzer and Bruns (1999). The PCR fragments were puri- fied with ExoSAP-IT (Affymetrix Inc., Thermo Fisher Scientific, Taxonomy Waltham), and sequenced with BigDye™ Terminator Cycle Sequencing Ready Reaction Kit version 3.1 (Applied Bio- Geastrum verrucoramulosum T.S. Cabral, J.O. Sousa, & Baseia, systems™, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham). The nuc-LSU sp. nov. Figs. 2e4. and atp6 sequences generated in this study, and those pub- MycoBank no.: MB817844. lished by Zamora et al. (2014) and Cabral et al. (2014b), were aligned and manually edited in Geneious R6.1 (Biomatters Diagnosis: Unexpanded basidioma epigeous, caespitose, Ltd., New Zealand), treating each DNA region separately. Two surface densely verrucose, developed above a prominent and datasets were analyzed. The first was used to determine in ramulose stipe (17e41 mm high). Endoperidium comprised of which section the new species belongs; preliminary analyses irregularly arranged hyphae. Peristome not truly plicate, were done including sequences of representatives from all becoming fibrillose with age, not delimited. Columella circu- sections (alignment 1), according to Zamora et al. (2014), and lar. Basidiospores globose, 3.6e4.5 Â 3.6e4.4 mm, verrucose, using Myriostoma coliforme (Dicks.) Corda as outgroup. In order short warts, columnar, with flattened to rounded apex. to delimitate the new species, the second dataset was Type: BRAZIL, Amazonas, Manaus, Estac¸ao~ Experimental analyzed using only representatives of the section in which de Manejo Florestal ZF-2, on clay soil, 17 Mar 2012, leg. D.L. the new sequences belong, and using G. schmidelii Vittad. as Komura 286 (holotype, INPA 264956), Genbank KX670829 outgroup (alignment 2) (Table 1). (atp6), KX670831 (nuc-LSU). The GTR substitution model was chosen by MrModelTest Etymology: verrucoramulosum (Lat.), referring to the ramu- 2.3 (Nylander 2004) for both atp6 and nuc-LSU. The two blocks lose stipe and the verrucose surface of the exoperidium. 346 mycoscience 58 (2017) 344e350 Table 1 e Sequences used in alignment 2. Species names, herbarium vouchers, localities, and Genbank accession numbers. Species Herbarium voucher Locality nuc-LSU atp6 Geastrum albonigrum UFRN-Fungos 1989 Brazil KJ127019 KJ127015 Geastrum
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks Bioblitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of BioBlitz participants conducting data entry into iNaturalist. Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service. ON THE COVER Photograph of BioBlitz participants collecting aquatic species data in the Presidio of San Francisco. Photograph courtesy of National Park Service. The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 Elizabeth Edson1, Michelle O’Herron1, Alison Forrestel2, Daniel George3 1Golden Gate Parks Conservancy Building 201 Fort Mason San Francisco, CA 94129 2National Park Service. Golden Gate National Recreation Area Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1061 Sausalito, CA 94965 3National Park Service. San Francisco Bay Area Network Inventory & Monitoring Program Manager Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1063 Sausalito, CA 94965 March 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service.
    [Show full text]
  • Mycologist News
    MYCOLOGIST NEWS The newsletter of the British Mycological Society 2012 (4) Edited by Prof. Pieter van West and Dr Anpu Varghese 2013 BMS Council BMS Council and Committee Members 2013 President Prof. Geoffrey D. Robson Vice-President Prof. Bruce Ing President Elect Prof Nick Read Treasurer Prof. Geoff M Gadd Secretary Position vacant Publications Officer Dr. Pieter van West International Initiatives Adviser Prof. AJ Whalley Fungal Biology Research Committee representatives: Dr. Elaine Bignell; Prof Nick Read Fungal Education and Outreach Committee: Dr. Paul S. Dyer; Dr Ali Ashby Field Mycology and Conservation: Dr. Stuart Skeates, Mrs Dinah Griffin Fungal Biology Research Committee Prof. Nick Read (Chair) retiring 31.12. 2013 Dr. Elaine Bignell retiring 31.12. 2013 Dr. Mark Ramsdale retiring 31.12. 2013 Dr. Pieter van West retiring 31.12. 2013 Dr. Sue Crosthwaite retiring 31.12. 2014 Prof. Mick Tuite retiring 31.12. 2014 Dr Alex Brand retiring 31.12. 2015 Fungal Education and Outreach Committee Dr. Paul S. Dyer (Chair and FBR link) retiring 31.12. 2013 Dr. Ali Ashby retiring 31.12. 2013 Ms. Carol Hobart (FMC link) retiring 31.12. 2012 Dr. Sue Assinder retiring 31.12. 2013 Dr. Kay Yeoman retiring 31.12. 2013 Alan Williams retiring 31.12. 2014 Prof Lynne Boddy (Media Liaison) retiring 31.12. 2014 Dr. Elaine Bignell retiring 31.12. 2015 Field Mycology and Conservation Committee Dr. Stuart Skeates (Chair, website & FBR link) retiring 31.12. 2014 Prof Richard Fortey retiring 31.12. 2013 Mrs. Sheila Spence retiring 31.12. 2013 Mrs Dinah Griffin retiring 31.12. 2014 Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Novelties of Gasteroid Fungi, Earthstars and Puffballs, from The
    Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid ISSN: 0211-1322 [email protected] Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas España da Silva Alfredo, Dönis; de Oliveira Sousa, Julieth; Jacinto de Souza, Elielson; Nunes Conrado, Luana Mayra; Goulart Baseia, Iuri Novelties of gasteroid fungi, earthstars and puffballs, from the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid, vol. 73, núm. 2, 2016, pp. 1-10 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=55649047009 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 73(2): e045 2016. ISSN: 0211-1322. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2422 Novelties of gasteroid fungi, earthstars and puffballs, from the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest Dönis da Silva Alfredo1*, Julieth de Oliveira Sousa1, Elielson Jacinto de Souza2, Luana Mayra Nunes Conrado2 & Iuri Goulart Baseia3 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Centro de Biociências, Campus Universitário, 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil; [email protected] 2Curso de Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, 59072-970, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil 3Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, 59072970, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil Recibido: 24-VI-2015; Aceptado: 13-V-2016; Publicado on line: 23-XII-2016 Abstract Resumen Alfredo, D.S., Sousa, J.O., Souza, E.J., Conrado, L.M.N.
    [Show full text]
  • Fruiting Body Form, Not Nutritional Mode, Is the Major Driver of Diversification in Mushroom-Forming Fungi
    Fruiting body form, not nutritional mode, is the major driver of diversification in mushroom-forming fungi Marisol Sánchez-Garcíaa,b, Martin Rybergc, Faheema Kalsoom Khanc, Torda Vargad, László G. Nagyd, and David S. Hibbetta,1 aBiology Department, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610; bUppsala Biocentre, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75005 Uppsala, Sweden; cDepartment of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; and dSynthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, 6726 Szeged, Hungary Edited by David M. Hillis, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, and approved October 16, 2020 (received for review December 22, 2019) With ∼36,000 described species, Agaricomycetes are among the and the evolution of enclosed spore-bearing structures. It has most successful groups of Fungi. Agaricomycetes display great di- been hypothesized that the loss of ballistospory is irreversible versity in fruiting body forms and nutritional modes. Most have because it involves a complex suite of anatomical features gen- pileate-stipitate fruiting bodies (with a cap and stalk), but the erating a “surface tension catapult” (8, 11). The effect of gas- group also contains crust-like resupinate fungi, polypores, coral teroid fruiting body forms on diversification rates has been fungi, and gasteroid forms (e.g., puffballs and stinkhorns). Some assessed in Sclerodermatineae, Boletales, Phallomycetidae, and Agaricomycetes enter into ectomycorrhizal symbioses with plants, Lycoperdaceae, where it was found that lineages with this type of while others are decayers (saprotrophs) or pathogens. We constructed morphology have diversified at higher rates than nongasteroid a megaphylogeny of 8,400 species and used it to test the following lineages (12).
    [Show full text]
  • Hysterangium (Hysterangiales, Hysterangiaceae) from Northern Mexico
    Hysterangium (Hysterangiales, Hysterangiaceae) from northern Mexico Gonzalo Guevara Guerrero 1, Michael A. Castellano 2, Jesús García Jiménez 1, Efrén Cázares González 3, James M. Trappe 3 1 Instituto Tecnológico de Cd. Victoria, Av. Portes Gil 1301 Pte. C.P. 87010, A.P. 175 Cd. Victoria, Tamps. México. 2 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, 3 Oregon 97331 USA. Dept. Forest Science, Richardson Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331 USA 8 0 0 2 Hysterangium (Hysterangiales, Hysterangiaceae) del norte de México , 0 0 1 - Resumen. Tres nuevas especies de Hysterangium (H. quercicola, H. latisporum, and H. 5 9 velatisporum) son descritas para el norte de México. Además, una especie previamente : 8 2 descrita de Hysterangium (H. aureum) es registrada por primera vez para México. A Í Palabras clave: Quercus, hipogeos, pseudotrufas, falsas trufas, ectomicorriza. G O L O C Abstract. Three new species of Hysterangium (H. quercicola, H. latisporum, and H. I M velatisporum) are described from northern Mexico. In addition, one previously described E D Hysterangium species (H. aureum) is recorded for the first time from Mexico. A Key words: Quercus, hypogeous, pseudotruffle, sequestrate, ectomycorrhiza. N A C I X Recibido 20 de agosto 2008; aceptado 14 de diciembre 2008. E M Received 20 August 2008; accepted 14 December 2008. A T S I V E R Introduction In Mexico, only one Hysterangium species has been / reported H. separabile Zeller from the states of Mexico and o c i The genus Hysterangium Vittadini can be recognized by its Tamaulipas (Trappe and Guzmán, 1971; García et al., 2005).
    [Show full text]
  • Gasteroid Mycobiota (Agaricales, Geastrales, And
    Gasteroid mycobiota ( Agaricales , Geastrales , and Phallales ) from Espinal forests in Argentina 1,* 2 MARÍA L. HERNÁNDEZ CAFFOT , XIMENA A. BROIERO , MARÍA E. 2 2 3 FERNÁNDEZ , LEDA SILVERA RUIZ , ESTEBAN M. CRESPO , EDUARDO R. 1 NOUHRA 1 Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, CONICET–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC 495, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina. 2 Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina. 3 Cátedra de Diversidad Vegetal I, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia., Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CP 5700 San Luis, Argentina. CORRESPONDENCE TO : [email protected] *CURRENT ADDRESS : Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Jujuy (CIT-JUJUY), CONICET- Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, CP 4600, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina. ABSTRACT — Sampling and analysis of gasteroid agaricomycete species ( Phallomycetidae and Agaricomycetidae ) associated with relicts of native Espinal forests in the southeast region of Córdoba, Argentina, have identified twenty-nine species in fourteen genera: Bovista (4), Calvatia (2), Cyathus (1), Disciseda (4), Geastrum (7), Itajahya (1), Lycoperdon (2), Lysurus (2), Morganella (1), Mycenastrum (1), Myriostoma (1), Sphaerobolus (1), Tulostoma (1), and Vascellum (1). The gasteroid species from the sampled Espinal forests showed an overall similarity with those recorded from neighboring phytogeographic regions; however, a new species of Lysurus was found and is briefly described, and Bovista coprophila is a new record for Argentina. KEY WORDS — Agaricomycetidae , fungal distribution, native woodlands, Phallomycetidae . Introduction The Espinal Phytogeographic Province is a transitional ecosystem between the Pampeana, the Chaqueña, and the Monte Phytogeographic Provinces in Argentina (Cabrera 1971). The Espinal forests, mainly dominated by Prosopis L.
    [Show full text]
  • Earthstar Representative Specimen Kingdom: Fungi FEATURES Phylum: Basidiomycota Several Species of Earthstars May Be Found Class: Agaricomycetes Throughout Illinois
    earthstar representative specimen Kingdom: Fungi FEATURES Phylum: Basidiomycota Several species of earthstars may be found Class: Agaricomycetes throughout Illinois. These small- to medium-sized (to Order: Geastrales about two and one-half inches wide) fungi are gray or brown. They do not have a stalk. The outer wall of Family: Geastraceae the spore case splits to form a starlike pattern. The ILLINOIS STATUS inner spore case that remains has an opening at the top through which the spores escape. The body of a common, native fungus (mycelium) is made up of strands called © Guy Sternberg mycelia. The mycelium grows within the soil, a dead tree or other object and is rarely seen. The fruiting body that produces spores is generally present for only a short period of time but is the most familiar part of the fungus to people. BEHAVIORS Earthstars may be found statewide in Illinois. They most often grow on the forest floor but will also grow on soil. Unlike plants, fungi do not have roots, stems, leaves, flowers or seeds. Earthstars must absorb nutrients and water from the objects they grow in. They produce spores in late summer or fall. representative specimen The spores provide a means of reproduction, dispersal and survival in poor conditions. Spore production occurs when conditions are favorable, generally with warm temperatures and ample ILLINOIS RANGE moisture. © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. 2021. Biodiversity of Illinois. Unless otherwise noted, photos and images © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. Aquatic Habitats none Woodland Habitats coniferous forests; upland deciduous forests Prairie and Edge Habitats edge © Illinois Department of Natural Resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Thinking the Classification of Corticioid Fungi
    mycological research 111 (2007) 1040–1063 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres Re-thinking the classification of corticioid fungi Karl-Henrik LARSSON Go¨teborg University, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Box 461, SE 405 30 Go¨teborg, Sweden article info abstract Article history: Corticioid fungi are basidiomycetes with effused basidiomata, a smooth, merulioid or Received 30 November 2005 hydnoid hymenophore, and holobasidia. These fungi used to be classified as a single Received in revised form family, Corticiaceae, but molecular phylogenetic analyses have shown that corticioid fungi 29 June 2007 are distributed among all major clades within Agaricomycetes. There is a relative consensus Accepted 7 August 2007 concerning the higher order classification of basidiomycetes down to order. This paper Published online 16 August 2007 presents a phylogenetic classification for corticioid fungi at the family level. Fifty putative Corresponding Editor: families were identified from published phylogenies and preliminary analyses of unpub- Scott LaGreca lished sequence data. A dataset with 178 terminal taxa was compiled and subjected to phy- logenetic analyses using MP and Bayesian inference. From the analyses, 41 strongly Keywords: supported and three unsupported clades were identified. These clades are treated as fam- Agaricomycetes ilies in a Linnean hierarchical classification and each family is briefly described. Three ad- Basidiomycota ditional families not covered by the phylogenetic analyses are also included in the Molecular systematics classification. All accepted corticioid genera are either referred to one of the families or Phylogeny listed as incertae sedis. Taxonomy ª 2007 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Introduction develop a downward-facing basidioma.
    [Show full text]
  • Geastrum Echinulatum and G. Rusticum (Geastraceae, Basidiomycota) – Two New Records for Central America
    Studies in Fungi 4(1): 14–20 (2019) www.studiesinfungi.org ISSN 2465-4973 Article Doi 10.5943/sif/4/1/2 Geastrum echinulatum and G. rusticum (Geastraceae, Basidiomycota) – two new records for Central America Freitas-Neto JF1, Sousa JO2, Ovrebo CL3 and Baseia IG1,2 1 Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Brazil. 2 Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Brazil. 3 Department of Biology, University Central Oklahoma Edmond, Oklahoma, 73034 U.S.A. Freitas-Neto JF, Sousa JO, Ovrebo CL, Baseia IG 2019 – Geastrum echinulatum and G. rusticum (Geastraceae, Basidiomycota) – two new records for Central America. Studies in Fungi 4(1), 14–20, Doi 10.5943/sif/4/1/2 Abstract Present work describes two new records of Geastrum species from Central America, Geastrum echinulatum (Costa Rica) and G. rusticum, (Panama). Identification of species confirmed based on the macro- and micro-morphological analyses and the published literature of the two species. Field photographs, macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, taxonomic observations and a map of collection sites are provided. Key words – Biodiversity – Earthstars – Fungi – Geastrales – Taxonomy Introduction Geastrum Pers. is a star-shaped gasteroid genus with worldwide distribution (Zamora et al. 2014). The taxonomic knowledge about this genus from Latin America has increased greatly in recent years (Zamora et al. 2013, Sousa et al. 2014a, 2015, Bautista-Hernández et al. 2015). This region has high potential for discovery of hidden diversity, mainly because the presence of tropical forests where there are possibly millions of unnamed fungal species (Hawksworth 2001).
    [Show full text]
  • Bulk Isolation of Basidiospores from Wild Mushrooms by Electrostatic Attraction with Low Risk of Microbial Contaminations Kiran Lakkireddy1,2 and Ursula Kües1,2*
    Lakkireddy and Kües AMB Expr (2017) 7:28 DOI 10.1186/s13568-017-0326-0 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access Bulk isolation of basidiospores from wild mushrooms by electrostatic attraction with low risk of microbial contaminations Kiran Lakkireddy1,2 and Ursula Kües1,2* Abstract The basidiospores of most Agaricomycetes are ballistospores. They are propelled off from their basidia at maturity when Buller’s drop develops at high humidity at the hilar spore appendix and fuses with a liquid film formed on the adaxial side of the spore. Spores are catapulted into the free air space between hymenia and fall then out of the mushroom’s cap by gravity. Here we show for 66 different species that ballistospores from mushrooms can be attracted against gravity to electrostatic charged plastic surfaces. Charges on basidiospores can influence this effect. We used this feature to selectively collect basidiospores in sterile plastic Petri-dish lids from mushrooms which were positioned upside-down onto wet paper tissues for spore release into the air. Bulks of 104 to >107 spores were obtained overnight in the plastic lids above the reversed fruiting bodies, between 104 and 106 spores already after 2–4 h incubation. In plating tests on agar medium, we rarely observed in the harvested spore solutions contamina- tions by other fungi (mostly none to up to in 10% of samples in different test series) and infrequently by bacteria (in between 0 and 22% of samples of test series) which could mostly be suppressed by bactericides. We thus show that it is possible to obtain clean basidiospore samples from wild mushrooms.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships of the Gomphales Based on Nuc-25S-Rdna, Mit-12S-Rdna, and Mit-Atp6-DNA Combined Sequences
    fungal biology 114 (2010) 224–234 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/funbio Phylogenetic relationships of the Gomphales based on nuc-25S-rDNA, mit-12S-rDNA, and mit-atp6-DNA combined sequences Admir J. GIACHINIa,*, Kentaro HOSAKAb, Eduardo NOUHRAc, Joseph SPATAFORAd, James M. TRAPPEa aDepartment of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-5752, USA bDepartment of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science (TNS), Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan cIMBIV/Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Av. Velez Sarfield 299, cc 495, 5000 Co´rdoba, Argentina dDepartment of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA article info abstract Article history: Phylogenetic relationships among Geastrales, Gomphales, Hysterangiales, and Phallales Received 16 September 2009 were estimated via combined sequences: nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (nuc-25S- Accepted 11 January 2010 rDNA), mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA (mit-12S-rDNA), and mitochondrial Available online 28 January 2010 atp6 DNA (mit-atp6-DNA). Eighty-one taxa comprising 19 genera and 58 species were inves- Corresponding Editor: G.M. Gadd tigated, including members of the Clathraceae, Gautieriaceae, Geastraceae, Gomphaceae, Hysterangiaceae, Phallaceae, Protophallaceae, and Sphaerobolaceae. Although some nodes Keywords: deep in the tree could not be fully resolved, some well-supported lineages were recovered, atp6 and the interrelationships among Gloeocantharellus, Gomphus, Phaeoclavulina, and Turbinel- Gomphales lus, and the placement of Ramaria are better understood. Both Gomphus sensu lato and Rama- Homobasidiomycetes ria sensu lato comprise paraphyletic lineages within the Gomphaceae. Relationships of the rDNA subgenera of Ramaria sensu lato to each other and to other members of the Gomphales were Systematics clarified.
    [Show full text]
  • Astraeus and Geastrum
    Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science Volume 58 Annual Issue Article 9 1951 Astraeus and Geastrum Marion D. Ervin State University of Iowa Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright ©1951 Iowa Academy of Science, Inc. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias Recommended Citation Ervin, Marion D. (1951) "Astraeus and Geastrum," Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, 58(1), 97-99. Available at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol58/iss1/9 This Research is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa Academy of Science at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science by an authorized editor of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ervin: Astraeus and Geastrum Astraeus and Geastrum1 By MARION D. ERVIN The genus Astraeus, based on Geastrum hygrometricum Pers., was included in the genus Geaster until Morgan9 pointed out several differences which seemed to justify placing the fungus in a distinct genus. Morgan pointed out first, that the basidium-bearing hyphae fill the cavities of the gleba as in Scleroderma; se.cond, that the threads of the capillitium are. long, much-branched, and interwoven, as in Tulostoma; third, that the elemental hyphae of the peridium are scarcely different from the threads of the capillitium and are continuous with them, in this respect, again, agre.eing with Tulos­ toma; fourth, that there is an entire absence of any columella, and, in fact, the existence of a columella is precluded by the nature of the capillitium; fifth, that both thre.ads and spore sizes differ greatly from those of geasters.
    [Show full text]