Flood of July 5, 1969, in the Vicinity Of= Oyer, Ohio

Form 9-014

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WASHINGTON, D. C. 20242

FLOOD OF JULY 5, 1969, IN THE VICINITY OF =OYER , OHIO

E. Webber and Ronald I. Mayo

Hydraulic Engineers

Prepared in cooperation .with the

Ohio Department of Highways

Open-file report

Columbus, Ohio

1970 Ai-c:g C.:3

* U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1967-274-822

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water Resources Division

FLOOD OF JULY 5, 1969, IN THE VICINITY OF WOOSTER, OHIO

Earl E. Webber and Ronald I. Mayo

Hydraulic Engineers

Prepared in cooperation with the

Ohio Department of Highways

Open-file report

Columbus, Ohio

March 1970 Contents

Page

Abstract 1

Introduction 2

Data available 3

Field work 14

Computations 5 Conclusions 7 References 8

Illustrations

Figure 1. Rainfall from storms of July 4-5, 1969. (All data

from reports of U.S. Weather Bureau

cooperative observers.) 9 2. Map of Killbuck Creek at Wooster, Ohio. Flood,

July 5, 1969 10

3. Water surface profiles for Killbuck Creek at

Wooster, Ohio 11

4. Water surface profile for flood of July 5, 1969 on

Apple Creek at Wooster, Ohio 12

5. Water surface profiles for Little Apple Creek at

Wooster, Ohio 13

ii Tables

Page

Table 1. July 1969 peak discharge measurements, near Wooster, Ohio 14

2. Water surface profile data for Killbuck Creek at Wooster, Ohio 15

iii FLOOD OF JULY 5, 1969, IN THE VICINITY OF WOOSTER, OHIO

By Earl E. Webber and Ronald I. Mayo

Abstract

This report documents flood data for Killbuck Creek, Apple Creek, and Little Apple Creek at Wooster, Ohio, to show the high-water elevations and corresponding discharges produced by the July 5, 1969 flood. This flood resulted from a violent storm with officially recorded rainfall in excess of 10 inches and unofficial catches of over l4 inches in the vicinity of Wooster during the 18-hour storm period. A more detailed analysis of data for Killbuck Creek was made in order to define an estimated profile of the July 5 flood for an assumed condition with no obstructions present in the channel or on the flood plain. The 50-year frequency flood profiles on Killbuck Creek were also developed for existing conditions and for the assumed condition of no obstructions.

1 Introduction

This report provides flood elevations and discharges on Killbuck

Creek, Apple Creek, and Little Apple Creek in the vicinity of Wooster,

Ohio, and the effects of highway crossings on these elevations. The report was prepared as part of a continuing cooperative program with the

Ohio Department of Highways to investigate floods. Theb flood resulted from an intense storm, reported by the U.S. Weather Bureau to have exceeded

10 inches of rainfall during the storm period. (See fig. 1.) There were

unofficial reports of rainfall exceeding 14 inches in the vicinity of

Wooster. One of the high intensity cells of the storm centered directly over the study area. This rate of rainfall is over twice the 24-hour

rainfall of 5 inches to be expected on an average of once in 100 years as

determined by Hershfield (1961) for this part of Ohio.

The hydraulics of floodflow on Killbuck Creek are complicated by the orientation of roads, bridges, and streams in the area. (See fig. 2.)

U.S. Highway 30 crosses the Killbuck Creek flood plain on fill at a 45°

angle about 1 mile upstream from the confluence of Killbuck and Apple

Creeks. This highway then crosses a section of the combined Apple and

Killbuck Creeks flood plain near the southern edge of the City of Wooster,

and farther east crosses Apple Creek about 1 mile above its mouth. State

Highway 3 crosses the Killbuck Creek flood plain on fill at a 20° angle,

3,000 feet downstream from U.S. Highway 30. State Highway 95 crosses

both Killbuck Creek and Apple Creek with low-level bridges about 500 feet

above the confluence. The lower reach of Apple Creek is crossed by two

highway bridges, in addition to that of U.S. Highway 30, and two

2 railroad bridges. One of these, the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge, crosses

Apple Creek on a high fill 1,500 feet downstream from U.S. Highway 30. The railroad enters the Killbuck Valley at a point where the flood plain is

3,000 feet wide and thence crosses the flood plain at a 20° angle on a low fill which gradually narrows the main channel floodway to 300 feet at a Point about 2-1/2 miles downstream. Although there are relief openings through the railroad fill, washouts of the fill occurred in this 2-1/2 mile reach during the July flood.

The July 5 flood profile on Apple Creek was developed from the mouth upstream to the confluence with Little Apple Creek. A contracted-opening discharge measurement was made at the Pittsburgh Avenue bridge. The July 5 flood profile on Little Apple Creek was also developed from the mouth upstream to above Portage Road where a slope-area discharge measurement was obtained. All elevations presented in this report are related to mean sea level datum.

Data Available

Indirect measurements of peak discharge of the July 5, 1969 flood were made by the U.S. Geological Survey at four sites near this study area.

(See table 1.) Gaging-station records (1931-69) for Killbuck Creek at

Killbuck were available for flood-frequency studies. Low and medium water profiles and flood-frequency studies for Apple Creek and Little Apple Creek were available from an administrative report prepared by the U.S. Geological

Survey for the Ohio Department of Highways (Webber and Mayo, written communication, 1964). Data in the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division

3 of Water Bulletin 43, "Floods in Ohio, Magnitude and Frequency," (Cross and Mayo, 1970) also were used. An isohyetal map (fig. 1) of the total storm rainfall was available from the July 1969 "Climatological Data," a publication of the U.S. Weather Bureau.

Field Work

Approximately 75 high-water marks from the July 1969 flood were identified and surveyed to mean sea level datum by the U.S. Geological

Survey. These marks were located along Killbuck Creek between its confluence with Little Killbuck Creek and the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge,

5 miles downstream; along Apple Creek between the mouth and a point above Little Apple Creek; and along Little Apple Creek between the mouth and a point above Portage Road. Also surveyed were five cross sections of the Killbuck Creek flood plain as follaws: No. 1 was 500 feet below the mouth of Apple Creek; No. 2 at State Highway 3; No. 2.5 at U.S.

Highway 30; No. 3 at the Wooster water treatment plant; and No. 14 at

County Road 4. Bridge openings and highway centerline profiles were surveyed on U.S. Highway 30 and State Highway 3. Stream channel and bridge-opening roughness coefficients were selected and 27 stereo pictures were taken of the flood reach. Low-water and bankfull profiles of Killbuck Creek from section 4 downstream to the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge were surveyed and a current-meter measurement of 827 cfs (cubic feet per second) was made at bankfull stage. Computations

On July 5, 1969, the peak discharge on Killbuck Creek at Wooster

was estimated to be 26,700 cfs above Apple Creek and 41,900 cfs below

Apple Creek from a combination of indirect measurement methods and a

study of relative discharges and drainage areas for the four discharge

measurements listed in table 1. The indirect methods used the contracted-

opening method at Highway 3 along with flow-over-embankment and flow-

through-culvert methods, at Highways 3 and 30.

The 50-year frequency floods of 6,300 cfs on Apple Creek and 2,400 cfs

on Little Apple Creek were estimated by regional methods described by

Cross and Mayo (1970). The magnitude of the 50-year frequency floods

for Killbuck Creek above and below Apple Creek (11,000 cfs and 16,000 cfs,

respectively) were based on a drainage area adjustment of the 50-year

frequency flood computed for the annual flood peaks at the gaging station

on Killbuck Creek at Killbuck by the log-Pearson Type III method. The

50-year frequency flood stage at the initial section on Killbuck Creek

(section 1) was obtained from a rating curve based On the observed water

surface slopes and computed conveyance.

The roughness coeftUients (n) for sections 1-4 were adjusted upwards

from the field-selected values on the basis of a measurement of discharge

and the observed water surface profile at bankfUll stage, and on the

estimated discharge and observed flood profile for the July 5 flood.

Standard step backwater methods were used to develop the 5Q-year flood

profile of Killbuck Creek from section 1 to 4, with and without consider-

ation of the bridges and fills on U.S. Highway 30 and State Highway 3.

5 The computed 50-year flood profile is comparable to the observed bankfull profile, indicating that the adjusted roughness coefficients are reason-

able. (See fig. 3.) A comparison of the natural and modified 50-year flood profiles indicates that State Highway 3 would create 0.8 foot of backwater, and U.S. Highway 30, 0.7 foot of backwater, from a 50-year

flood of 11,000 cfs.

The observed profile of the July 1969 flood (fig. 3) indicates a

drop of 0.6 foot through the Killbuck Creek bridge on U.S. Highway 30 and

0.7 foot through the bridge on State Highway 3. To estimate the total

effect of the bridges and fills on the July flood, the natural flood pro-

file was developed from sections 2 to 4 using step-backwater methods and

assuming no bridges or fills in place. As section 2 is downstream from both highways, the starting elevation (860.6 ft) was obtained directly

from the observed flood profile (fig. 3). A comparison of the computed

profile with the observed profile (fig. 3) indicates a backwater effect

of approximately 2.0 feet, above U.S. Highway 30, of which about two 9 or 1.3 feet is attributable to the bridges and fills of the two highways.

The balance of the backwater is attributed to undefined factors including

the warping of the water surface of Killbuck Creek as it makes two reverse

curves, an increase in flood-plain friction losses due to the State Highway

95 bridges and the buildings of the municipal sewage treatment plant, and

discharge from Apple Creek which flowed laterally along the north side of

U.S. Highway 30 to the Killbuck Creek flood plain in the vicinity of the

Highway 3 and Highway 30 interchange. Water surface profile data for

Killbuck Creek between the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge and County Road 4

are presented in table 2.

6 On Apple Creek high-water marks left by the July 1969 flood were located and elevations surveyed from the mouth to the confluence with

Little Apple Creek, and on Little Apple Creek from the mouth to a point above Portage Road. The observed flood profiles for these streams are presented on figures 4 and 5 respectively. The modified 50-year flood profile for Little Apple Creek as determined by Webber and Mayo (written communication, 1964) is also presented on figure 5. The surveyed flood marks indicate approximately 13 feet of backwater on Little Apple Creek upstream from the Pennsylvania Railroad's stone-arch culvert. Some of the floodwaters also passed through the opening in the Pennsylvania

Railroad fill for the new State Highway 3 bypass which was under construc- tion at that time.

Conclusions

The July 5, 1969 flood in the vicinity of Wooster was a very rare event. Recorded rainfall of 10 inches and unofficial catches of over

14 inches in 18 hours are over twice the 100-year recurrence interval value for 24 hours of 5 inches. The peak discharge on Apple Creek of

26,300 cfs is four times the 50-year flood of 6,300 cfs.

State Highway 3 and U.S. Highway 30 bridges and embankments caused a maximum of about 1-1/2 feet of backwater on Killbuck Creek during the

July 1969 flood and they would cause about this same amount of backwater for a 50-year flood. This estimate of backwater for the flood of July 5, 1969, is based on comparison of a profile determined from observed flood

7 marks with a profile computed by the step-backwater method without bridges. The estimate of backwater for the 50-year flood is based on profiles computed by the step-backwater method with and without the bridges in place.

On Apple Creek from the mouth to Little Apple Creek and on Little

Apple Creek from the mouth to Portage Road profiles were obtained from observed floodmarks. On Little Apple Creek approximately 13 feet of backwater occurred at the Pennsylvania Railroad's stone-arch bridge and some floodwater at this point passed through the new State Highway 3 bypass opening.

References

Cross, W. P., and Mayo, R. I., 1970, Floods in Ohio, magnitude and

frequency: Ohio Dept. Nat. Resources, Division of Water Bull. 43.

Hershfield, D. M., 1961, Rainfall frequency atlas of the United States:

U.S. Weather Bureau Technical Paper no. 40, 115 p.

U.S. Weather Bureau, 1969, Climatological data -- Ohio: U.S. Dept.

Commerce, Environ. Sci. Serv. Admin., vol. 74, no. 7, July.

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tilranc m. _ 47 853.3 Elevation of floodmark in feet above mean sea level 30 Floodmark number, in the files of the U.SGeological Survey, Columbus, Ohio 5 0 / SEC. I Location of surveyed cross- _ • , section of the stream and floodplain 40°45' • 2 140 000 FEET SHREVE 5 2 MI 420 82°00' R 14W R 13W Ts, Mapped. edited. and published by the Geological Survey SCALE 1:24000 0 MILE ROAD CLASSIFICATION Control by USGS and USC&GS Topography by photogrammetric methods from aerial Heavy-duty Light duty photographs taken 1960 Field checked 1961 Medium-duty Ims• Unimproved dirt Polyconic projection. 1927 North American datum 5314115 CE ZERO A U S Route State Route 10.000 foot grid based on Ohio coordinate system, north zone 1000 meter Universal Transverse Mercator grid ticks. DATUM IS MEAN SEA t.EvEt zone 17. shown in blue UTM GRID AND 1961 MAGNETIC NOR , FIG.2 Fine red dashed lines indicate selected fence and field lines where DECLINATION AT CENTER OF SHEET KILLBUCK CREEK AT WOOSTER, OHIO WOOSTER, OHIO generally visible on aerial photographs This information is unchecked FLOOD JULY 1969 Q.A.RANG„ L. SW 4 WOOSTER 15 QUADRANGLE Red tint indicates areas in which only landmark buildings are shown N4045—w8152 5/7.5

Unlabeled wells are oil wells 1961 Entire area lies within Congress Lands north of the Old Seven Ranges Land lines based on the Ohio River Base OHIO JULY 1969

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Figure 1.--Rainfall from storms of July 4-5, 1969. (All data from reports of U.S. Weather Bureau cooperative observers.)

-9-213-E (March 1949) 'UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Cress-Section GEOLOGICAL SURVEY File

WATER RESOURCES DIVISION

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Drainage Peak Unit runoff Ratio to Stream and location area discharge (cfs per 50-year mi) (cfs) sq mi) flood

Apple Creek at Wooster (at Pittsburgh Avenue) 48.3 26,300 545 4.2

Little Apple Creek at Wooster (above Portage Road) 10.9 6,260 574 2.6

Killbuck Creek at Burbank 42.4 6,810 161 2.0

Killbuck Creek at Killbuck 462 47,500 103 2.0

14 Table 2.--Water surface profile data for Killbuck Creek at Wooster, Ohio.

July 1969 flood 50-year flood Elevations Elevations Natural Natural River Existing valley, Existing valley, Location distance Discharge conditions no Discharge conditions no (feet) (cfs) (ft above bridges (cfs) (ft above bridges msl) (ft above msl) (ft above msl) msll

Pennsylvania Railroad bridge -- -0- 852.0 section 1, below Apple Creek 12,900 41,900 857.5 857.5 16,000 855.0 855.0

Section 2, State Highway 3,

downstream 15,600 26,700 860.6 860.6 11,000 856.0 856.0

upstream 15,900 26,700 861.3 11,000 856.8

Section 2.5, U.S. Highway 30,

downstream 19,200 26,700 862.8 861.3 11,000 857.7 857.4

upstream 19,400 26,700 863.4 11,000 858.4

3ection'3, at water plant 23,000 26,700 863.9 862.4 10,900 859.4 859.0

Section 4, at County Road 4 27,700 26,700 864.4 864.2 10,900 861.6 861.6 —.._ t*.

47 .44

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