BIBLICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR MANHOOD AND WOMANHOOD FOUNDATIONS FOR THE FAMILY SERIES BIBLICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR MANHOOD AND WOMANHOOD WAYNE GRUDEM, EDITOR CROSSWAY BOOKS A DIVISION OF GOOD NEWS PUBLISHERS WHEATON, ILLINOIS Biblical Foundations for Manhood and Womanhood Copyright © 2002 by Wayne Grudem Published by Crossway Books A division of Good News Publishers 1300 Crescent Street Wheaton, Illinois 60187 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher, except as provided by USA copyright law. Crossway’s publication of Biblical Foundations for Manhood and Womanhood is in cooperation with FamilyLife and the Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood. Cover design: David LaPlaca Cover photo: Josh Dennis First printing 2002 Printed in the United States of America Unless otherwise indicated, Scripture quotations are as follows: Chapters 1, 3, 5, 7: The Holy Bible, English Standard Version, copyright © 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a division of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Chapters 2, 4, 6, 9, 10: The Holy Bible: New International Version,® © 1973, 1978, 1984 by International Bible Society. Used by permission of Zondervan Publishing House. All rights reserved. The “NIV” and “New International Version” trademarks are registered in the United States Patent and Trademark Office by International Bible Society. Use of either trademark requires the permission of International Bible Society. Chapter 8: The New American Standard Bible, © 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1975, 1977 by The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Biblical foundations for manhood and womanhood / Wayne Grudem, editor. p. cm. — (Foundations for the family series) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 1-58134-409-0 1. Women—Biblical teaching. 2. Men—Biblical teaching. 3. Man-woman relationships—Biblical teaching. I. Grudem, Wayne A. II. Series. BS680.W7 B53 2002 261.8'343—dc21 2002001697 CIP 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Dennis Rainey Stalwart defender of God’s plan for the family, and faithful friend CONTENTS The Contributors 9 Preface 13 I. OVERVIEW 1 The Key Issues in the Manhood-Womanhood 19 Controversy, and the Way Forward Wayne Grudem II. THE GLORY OF MAN AND WOMAN AS CREATED BY GOD 2 Male and Female Complementarity and the 71 Image of God Bruce A. Ware 3 The Surpassing Goal: Marriage Lived for the Glory of God 93 John Piper III. RESOLVING THE DISPUTED QUESTIONS 4 Does Galatians 3:28 Negate Gender-Specific Roles? 105 Richard Hove 5 The Meaning of kefalhv (“Head”): An Evaluation of 145 New Evidence, Real and Alleged Wayne Grudem 6 The Historical Novelty of Egalitarian Interpretations 203 of Ephesians 5:21-22 Daniel Doriani 7 The Myth of Mutual Submission as an Interpretation 221 of Ephesians 5:21 Wayne Grudem 8 Tampering with the Trinity: Does the Son Submit 233 to His Father? Bruce A. Ware IV. STANDING AGAINST THE CULTURE 9 Sexual Perversion: The Necessary Fruit of Neo-Pagan 257 Spirituality in the Culture at Large Peter R. Jones 10 The Unchangeable Difference: Eternally Fixed Sexual 275 Identity for an Age of Plastic Sexuality Daniel R. Heimbach Appendix: The Danvers Statement 291 Scripture Index 295 Author Index 300 Subject Index 303 THE CONTRIBUTORS R Daniel Doriani is Dean of the Faculty and Professor of New Testament at Covenant Theological Seminary in St. Louis, Missouri. An ordained minister in the Presbyterian Church in America (PCA), Doriani earned a Ph.D. and M.Div. from Westminster Theological Seminary and an S.T.M. from Yale University and has twice been a research fellow at Yale (1981, 1995). Doriani has written five books: The Life of a God-Made Man (Crossway, 2001); Putting the Truth to Work: The Theory and Practice of Biblical Interpretation (Presbyterian and Reformed, 2001); Getting the Message, a Plan for Interpreting and Applying the Bible (Presbyterian and Reformed, 1996), David the Anointed and Teach the Nations (Great Commission, 1984 and 1991). In addition to academic articles, he has contributed chapters to several books on fam- ily issues, including Women in the Church: A Fresh Analysis of 1 Timothy 2:11-15 (Baker, 1995), Christian Perspectives on Sexuality and Gender (Eerdmans, 1996), and Biblical Foundations for Building Strong Families (Crossway, 2002). Doriani speaks frequently at Christian conferences, enjoys various sports, and coached college tennis for two years. He and his wife Deborah, a musician, have three teenage daughters, Abigail, Sarah, and Beth. Wayne Grudem is Research Professor of Bible and Theology at Phoenix Seminary in Scottsdale, Arizona. Prior to Phoenix Seminary he taught for twenty years at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, Deerfield, Illinois, where he was chairman of the Department of Biblical and Systematic Theology. He received a B.A. from Harvard University, an M.Div. from Westminster Seminary, Philadelphia, and a Ph.D. (in New Testament) from the University of Cambridge, England. He has published eight books, including Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine (Zondervan), Recovering Biblical 10 BIBLICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR MANHOOD AND WOMANHOOD Manhood and Womanhood (Crossway; co-edited with John Piper), and The Gift of Prophecy in the New Testament and Today (Crossway). He is a past president of the Evangelical Theological Society, a co-founder and past president of the Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood, and a member of the Translation Oversight Committee for the English Standard Version of the Bible. He and his wife, Margaret, are members of the FamilyLife speaker team (a division of Campus Crusade for Christ). They have been married since 1969 and have three adult sons. Daniel R. Heimbach is Professor of Christian Ethics at Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary. Born in China of mis- sionary parents and educated at the U.S. Naval Academy, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, and Drew University, Dr. Heimbach served President George Bush at the White House and the Pentagon before he began teaching full-time in 1993. Dr. Heimbach served Focus on the Family as lead scholar for a project on sexual morality and is a member of the Council for Biblical Manhood and Womanhood. He lives with his wife Anna and two sons in Wake Forest, North Carolina, near the seminary where he teaches. Richard W. Hove (M. Div., Trinity Evangelical Divinity School) has been on staff with Campus Crusade for Christ for twenty-three years. Presently he directs the ministry at Duke University. He is the author of Equality in Christ? Galatians 3:28 and the Gender Dispute, pub- lished by Crossway Books, 1999. He teaches Biblical Interpretation/ Communication classes for Campus Crusade and has helped develop several theological tools for the national campus ministry, including the gospel presentation Life@Large and the book The Ultimate Road Trip: How to Lead a Small Group, which is used all over the country to train small-group leaders. Rick and his wife Sonya have three children. Peter Jones holds an M.Div. from Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, a Th.M. from Harvard Divinity School, and a Ph.D. from Princeton Theological Seminary. From 1973-1991 he was a mission- ary with the Presbyterian Church in America, serving as Professor of New Testament at La Faculté Libre de Théologie Reformée in Aix- en-Provence, France. In 1991 he moved to Escondido, California, where he is Professor of New Testament at Westminster Theological Seminary in California. He has authored The Gnostic Empire Strikes Back, Pagans in the Pews, and Gospel Truth/Pagan Lies, as well as many arti- cles. He is married to Rebecca (Clowney) Jones. Peter and Rebecca The Contributors 11 have seven children and four grandchildren. Many of their writings are posted at their website, www.spirit-wars.com. John Piper, pastor of Bethlehem Baptist Church in Minneapolis since 1980, is the author of numerous books, including Desiring God, A Hunger for God, The Hidden Smile of God, and Seeing and Savoring Jesus Christ. He received his doctorate in theology from the University of Munich and taught biblical studies for six years at Bethel College, St. Paul, before becoming a pastor. He and his wife, Noël, live in Minneapolis and have four sons, a daughter, and two grandchildren. Bruce A. Ware (Ph.D. from Fuller Seminary) is Senior Associate Dean of the School of Theology and Professor of Christian Theology at The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, Louisville, Kentucky. Previously Dr. Ware taught at Bethel Theological Seminary, Western Seminary, and Trinity Evangelical Divinity School. He also serves as president of the Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood and as the editor of the Journal for Biblical Manhood and Womanhood. He has recently written God’s Lesser Glory: The Diminished God of Open Theism, published with Crossway Books. Bruce is married to Jodi, his wife of twenty-three years, and they have two daughters, Bethany and Rachel. PREFACE R Since the publication of Recovering Biblical Manhood and Womanhood (edited by John Piper and Wayne Grudem; Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 1991), the ongoing debate over the biblical understanding of men and women has brought new challenges to the perspective we presented there, as well as new insights from ongoing scholarly inves- tigation of Scripture and of trends in the culture. Several speakers at a conference in Dallas, Texas, held March 20- 22, 2000, addressed those new challenges and new insights as they related to manhood and womanhood in marriage. The conference, “Building Strong Families in Your Church,” was co-sponsored by the Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood and by FamilyLife (a division of Campus Crusade for Christ).