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Lukpanov A.I. the SPIRITUAL HERITAGE of YUSUF

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Lukpanov A.I. the SPIRITUAL HERITAGE of YUSUF IRSTI 11.09.91 Lukpanov A.I. Candidate of Philosophy, Associate Professor, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, e-mail: [email protected] THE SPIRITUAL HERITAGE OF YUSUF BALASAGUN IN THE CONTEXT OF THE MODERNIZATION OF POLITICAL SCIENCE This article artistic heritage Y. Balasaguni interpreted in the context of modern political science. The subject of analysis is the basic idea of «Kutadgu Bilik» the author of the poem ( «KuttyBilik»). Interesting is the author of the writing of this work. Introducing work convinces the reader that the author of the poem Y. Balasagun ­ outstanding poet and thinker of the largest of all Turks early Middle Ages. In its work, Y. Balasagun great poetic talent and skill describe and solve complex social problems associated with the policy, political power and the state. He is one of the first thinkers who sang an ideal ruler and the state, given the images of different categories of people, and the rulers of the various social strata, representa­ tives of secular and religious power of contemporary society. Key words: state, poem, «Kutadgu bilik» («Kutty bilik»), ideal ruler, thinker, Turks, poet, medieval society, history, politics, tradition. Лукпанов А.И. филос.ғ.к., доцент, әл­Фараби атындағы Қазақ ұлттық университеті, Қазақстан, Алматы қ., e­mail: [email protected] Саясаттану ғылымын жаңғырту контексіндегі Жүсіп Баласағұнның рухани мұрасы Бұл мақалада Ж. Баласағұнның творчестволық мұрасы қазіргі саяси ғылымдардың жаңғыруы тұрғысынан қарастырылады. Мәселе автордың «Құтты білік» («Кутадгу билиг») поэмасының негізгі идеяларын талдау арқылы дәлелденетіні. Автордың поэманы жазу себептері де қызықты. Әрине, Ж. Баласағұн қай замандарда да аса көрнекті ақын, әрі аса ірі ойшыл. Ж. Баласағұнның «Құтты білік» шығармасында сол ортағасырлық тарихи дәуір қоғамы мен мемлекетінің діни және саяси­әлеуметтік тіршілік­әрекеті мен тұрақтылығы мәселелері өз көріністерін тапқан. Ол ортағасырлық тарихта идеалды деп саналған ел билеуші мен мемлекетті, қоғамды және тарихи тұлғаларды жырлаған. Жастар тарихтың сыртқы жаулардан елді қорғау сияқты, әйгілі қолбасшылардың, елшілердің портреттерін, әртүрлі деңгейдегі билеушілердің мінез­құлықтарын және олардың бодандарына және мұхтаждықтағыларына қатынастары, қанағаттылық, тұтыну­ дағы ұстамдылық, артық кетпеу, тәрбие және тәрбиелілік сияқты дәстүрлерін және басқа да тарихи, т. б. даму аспектілерін білуі тиіс. Ж. Баласағұнның «Құтты білік» поэмасының негізгі идеалдары мен принциптері тегі түркілік елдер жастарына тарихи санасы мен ұлттық бірегейлігін қалыптастыруда аса маңызды роль атқара алатын мәңгі жасампаз шығарма. Түйін сөздер: мемлекет, өлең, «Құтты білік», «әдемі билеуші», ойшыл, түрік, ақын, ортағасырлық қоғам, тарих, саясат, дәстүр. © 2019 Al-Farabi Kazakh National University The spiritual heritage of Yusuf Balasagun in the context of the modernization of political science Лукпанов А.И. к. филос. н., доцент, Казахский национальный университет имени аль­Фараби, Казахстан, г. Алматы, e­mail: [email protected] Духовное наследие Юсуф Баласагуна в контексте модернизации политической науки В данной статье творческое наследие Ю. Баласагуни осмысливается в контексте современной политической науки. Предметом анализа являются основные идеи автора поэмы «Кутадгу билик» («Құтты білік»). Интересным является написание автором данной работы, ознакомление с которой убеждает читателя в том, что автор поэмы Ю. Баласагун – выдающийся поэт и крупнейший мыслитель всех тюрков времен раннего средневековья. В своей работе Ю. Баласагун большим поэтическим талантом и мастерством описывает и решает сложнейшие проблемы общества, связанные с политикой, политической властью и государством. Он один из первых мыслителей, который воспевал идеального властителя и государства, дал образы разных категорий людей, правителей и различных социальных слоев, представителей светской и религиозной власти современного ему общества. Узловые идеи и принципы произведения Ю. Баласагуна «Кутадгу билиг» («Құтты білік») имеют огромное значение в деле формирования исторической идентич­ ности современной молодежи тюркоязычных стран. Молодежь должна знать такие аспекты истории, как традиция защиты страны от внешних врагов, портреты выдающихся полководцев, послов, поведения правителей различных рангов и их отношение к подданным и нужджающимся, проблема довольства, умеренности в потребностях,воспитания и т. д. Ключевые слова: государство, поэма, «Кутадгу билик» («Құтты білік»), идеальный властитель, мыслитель, тюрки, поэт, средневековое общество, история, политика, традиция. Introduction given to her by the Turans. The fame of the poem «Gracious knowledge» in the European world is In April 2016 in Istanbul, at the 33rd permanent associated with the name of the Australian orientalist meeting of the International Organization of Von Hammer – Purgshtal, orientalist G. Vambery the Turksoy, the participating countries decided and V.V. Radlov, the translation into Kazakh was to declare 2016 the Year of Yusuf Balasagun, made in 1986 by Askar Egeubaev. Observing the in connection with its millennium. All Turkic- tradition of that time, Y. Balasagun dedicated his speaking countries accepted this decision with Khan Khans to Satan Tabgach-Bogra ruler Kara- great enthusiasm. The fact is that Y. Balasagun is an Khakan-Ali Hasan from the Karakhanid dynasty, outstanding poet and thinker of the Turkic-speaking his famous work «Kudatgu bilig» («Gracious peoples of the early Middle Ages. knowledge»). For this Bogra Khan granted poet the He wrote his famous work «Kudatgu bilik» title of Hass-hajib – the minister of the court or the («Gracious knowledge») in the years 1069-1070. «chief chamberlain». The work, which is the single He spent 18 months writing this book. It is known most comprehensive source of information about that the work of Y. Balasaguni «Kudatgu bilig» the Turkic folk life of the early Middle Ages. In this («Gracious knowledge») has three options – the first capacity, Y. Balasagun was engaged in a variety found in the city of Herat in 1439, the second in the of public affairs – from the execution of laws and royal library in the city of Venice, the third – created customs to receiving ambassadors and organizing in the city of Namangan written in Arabic in Egypt official state ceremonies. remaining in the Eastern Fund in Tashkent. At one The history of the creation of «Gracious time in different countries, this work bore a different knowledge» is of particular interest. The reasons name «State order» – («Aynakul Mamlakat»), for writing a poem for Yusuf could be the complex («Propaganda to akims») («Panumalan short»), internal and external situation of the country, («Arab ul Miluk»), («Courtesy of akims»). namely, political unrest that shook the Karakhanid Kudatgu bilig «(«Gracious knowledge») – is state at that time. It was probably created with the one of the most important historical and literary aim of strengthening the rule of the Karakhanid monuments of the XI century. This work is still well dynasty that came out of the nomadic Turkic tribes known for a long time, but under different names in the settled agricultural oases of Semirechye and in the Machine, China, Eastern countries. The East Turkestan. The political position of the author, Iranians called her «Shahnama the Turks», and the who created the poem not in Arabic, which was name «Kudatgu bilig» («Gracious knowledge») was then officially considered a literary language, but 146 Хабаршы. Философия, мəдениеттану, саясаттану сериясы. №1 (67). 2019 Lukpanov A.I. Turkic, is indisputable. And poem, written in turkish Naturally, the «Gracious knowledge» of Y. language, is, in the opinion of the author:»... the Balasagun presents information about the golden first time combined wisdom.» In the poet’s winged period of the so-called Eastern Renaissance words, he concludes: associated with the Turkic world. Acquaintance The word of the Turks was grazed by a deer with this work convinces that its author pays special upland. attention to the place and role of government I tamed him, made him submissive. (Balasaguni and politics in society, relying primarily on the Yusuf: 1983, p. 490). example of the Karahanid state. The author from a humanistic position conceptually interprets the Main part essence and role of knowledge, happiness, grace as the key problems of his work. As the author Y. Balasagun is an outstanding poet, a truly shows, these phenomena acquire a comprehensive brilliant thinker, philosopher, encyclopedic scientist, significance, social strength and power in an organic famous state and public figure. The life setting of connection with such phenomena of public life as the thinker is worthy. He believes that happiness, the power and power relations of that era. This is power, and the beauty of a human being consist in an amazing teaching, which for many centuries the benefit of its society and people. Familiarization had a powerful beneficial influence on the spiritual with this work convinces that Balasaguni was well development of the descendants of the Turks – our acquainted with the life, culture and ideology of the ancestors. «Kutadgu bilig» was a real happiness and Turkic statehood in the person of the Karakhanid spiritual grace for all Turkic-speaking peoples. In state. The author is deeply versed in the most acute this work, the contemporary thinker’s reality, social problems associated with such complex phenomena consciousness and political concepts of certain social of public life as the state, government and power circles were originally
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