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Biomechanics of Sprint Running : a Methodological Contribution Elena Bergamini

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Biomechanics of Sprint Running : a Methodological Contribution Elena Bergamini Biomechanics of sprint running : a methodological contribution Elena Bergamini To cite this version: Elena Bergamini. Biomechanics of sprint running : a methodological contribution. Biomechanics [physics.med-ph]. Arts et Métiers ParisTech, 2011. English. NNT : 2011ENAM0013. pastel- 00591130 HAL Id: pastel-00591130 https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00591130 Submitted on 6 May 2011 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Co-tutoring PhD program in Bioengineering XXIII Cycle – ING-INF/06 Administrative Universities: Università degli Studi di Bologna (Bologna) – Arts et Métiers ParisTech (Paris) Associate University: Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, ex Istituto Universitario di Scienze Motorie (Roma) Biomechanics of sprint running: a methodological contribution Elena Bergamini Supevisors: Prof. Aurelio Cappozzo Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico” Prof. Wafa Skalli Arts et Métiers ParisTech Dr. Valentina Camomilla Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico” Dr. Hélène Pillet Arts et Métiers ParisTech Coordinator: Prof. Angelo Cappello Università degli Studi di Bologna Co-examiner: Prof. Luca Cristofolini Università degli Studi di Bologna ii iii iv CONTENTS PREFACE ................................................................................................................................................ ix ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................ xi ENGLISH VERSION...................................................................................................................xi ITALIAN VERSION.................................................................................................................. xii FRENCH VERSION.................................................................................................................xiii EXTENDED SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... xv CHAPTER 1 – THEORETICAL BACKGROUND ..................................................................- 1 - ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................................. - 2 - 1.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... - 4 - 1.2 SPRINT RUNNING BIOMECHANICS: PERFORMANCE AND INJURY- RELATED VARIABLES ....................................................................................................... - 6 - 1.2.1 Block start phase ............................................................................................. - 7 - 1.2.2 Acceleration or pick-up phase ..................................................................- 14 - 1.2.3 Maintenance phase ......................................................................................- 18 - 1.2.4 Deceleration phase .......................................................................................- 26 - 1.3 METHODS FOR SPRINT RUNNING ANALYSIS................................................- 27 - 1.3.1 Electromyography ........................................................................................- 28 - 1.3.2 Motion analysis (Stereophotogrammetry) ...........................................- 30 - 1.3.3 Force plates .....................................................................................................- 31 - 1.3.4 Pressure sensors ............................................................................................- 31 - 1.3.5 Accelerometers ..............................................................................................- 32 - 1.3.6 Gyroscopes .......................................................................................................- 34 - 1.3.7 Electrogoniometers ......................................................................................- 35 - 1.4 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND: DISCUSSION..................................................- 36 - v CHAPTER 2 - AIM OF THE THESIS ..................................................................................... - 37 - CHAPTER 3 - LOW RESOLUTION APPROACH .............................................................. - 39 - ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................- 41 - 3.1 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................- 42 - 3.1.1 Sports biomechanics and in-field performance evaluation ............- 42 - 3.1.2 Wearable inertial sensors ..........................................................................- 45 - 3.2 STUDY 1: TRUNK INCLINATION DURING THE SPRINT START USING AN INERTIAL MEASUREMENT UNIT ...............................................................................- 49 - Abstract ......................................................................................................................- 49 - 3.2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................- 50 - 3.2.2 Materials and methods ...............................................................................- 52 - 3.2.3 Results ...............................................................................................................- 58 - 3.2.4 Discussion ........................................................................................................- 60 - 3.3 STUDY 2: INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY AND CENTER OF MASS DISPLACEMENT OF IN-LAB SPRINT RUNNING USING AN INERTIAL MEASUREMENT UNIT.....................................................................................................- 62 - Abstract ......................................................................................................................- 62 - 3.3.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................- 63 - 3.3.2 Materials and methods ...............................................................................- 64 - 3.3.3 Results ...............................................................................................................- 65 - 3.3.4 Discussion ........................................................................................................- 66 - 3.4 STUDY 3: TEMPORAL PARAMETERS OF IN-FIELD SPRINT RUNNING USING AN INERTIAL MEASUREMENT UNIT..........................................................- 68 - Abstract ......................................................................................................................- 68 - 3.4.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................- 69 - 3.4.2 Materials and methods ...............................................................................- 71 - 3.4.3 Results ...............................................................................................................- 74 - 3.4.4 Discussion ........................................................................................................- 80 - 3.5 LOW RESOLUTION APPROACH: DISCUSSION................................................- 83 - CHAPTER 4 - HIGH RESOLUTION APPROACH .............................................................- 85 - ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................- 87 - vi 4.1 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................- 88 - 4.1.1 Sport biomechanics and injury prevention ..........................................- 88 - 4.1.2 Joint dynamics estimation..........................................................................- 92 - 4.2 STUDY 4: TIBIO-FEMORAL JOINT CONSTRAINTS FOR BONE POSE ESTIMATION DURING MOVEMENT USING MULTI-BODY OPTIMIZATION- 94 - Abstract ......................................................................................................................- 94 - 4.2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................- 95 - 4.2.2 Materials and methods ...............................................................................- 97 - 4.2.3 Results ............................................................................................................- 101 - 4.2.4 Discussion .....................................................................................................- 104 - 4.3 HIGH RESOLUTION APPROACH: DISCUSSION............................................- 107 - CHAPTER 5 - CONCLUSIONS ..............................................................................................- 109 - AKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..........................................................................................................- 113 - REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................-
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