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Hängbensteklar i Svenska Malaisefälleprojektet (Ichneumonidae: Anomaloninae) Pelle Magnusson Examensarbete i Biologi Nr: xxxx Högskolan i Kalmar Naturvetenskapliga institutionen 2008 Examensarbeten gjorda vid Högskolan i Kalmar, Naturvetenskapliga institutionen, och lista över dessa kan beställas via; www.hik.se/student eller: Högskolan i Kalmar Naturvetenskapliga institutionen 391 82 KALMAR Tel 0480-44 73 00 Fax 0480-44 73 05 e-post: [email protected] Examensarbeten gjorda på Högskolan i Kalmar finns på: www.hik.se/student Detta är ett examensarbete och studenten svarar själv för de framlagda resultaten och slutsatserna i rapporten. 2 Hängbensteklar i Svenska malaisefälleprojektet (Ichneumonidae: Anomaloninae) Pelle Magnusson Biologiprogrammet 160 p Examensarbete, (Biologi,): 15 högskolepoäng för Filosofie Kandidatexamen Handledare: Dave Karlsson Uppsala Universitets Ekologiska forskningsstation Fil. Dr. Per-Eric Betzholtz Högskolan i Kalmar Examinator: Fil. Dr. Geoffrey Lemdahl Högskolan i Kalmar Abstrakt I denna studie har 104 utsorterade prover av brokparasitsteklar (Ichneumonidae) från Svenska Malaisefälleprojektet bearbetats. I 26 av dessa prover påträffades sammanlagt 68 exemplar av hängbensteklar (Anomaloninae) tillhörande tolv olika arter. Minst nio nya landskapsfynd redovisas. Typiska karaktärer beskrivs för de sju släkten och tolv arterna. En sammanställning över vilka arter som påträffades samt gamla och nya landskapsfynd presenteras i tabellform. Abstract Within the Swedish Malaise Trap Project (SMTP) 104 samples were studied for ichneumonid wasps. In 26 of these samples, 68 specimens of the subfamily Anomaloninae were found, representing 12 different species. In this report 9 new Swedish provincial findings is presented. Typical characters for each genus and species of the Anomaloninae wasps found in this study are described. Species found in this study, including old and new province findings is presented in tabular form. 3 Innehållsförteckning Abstrakt ............................................................................................................................................. 3 Introduktion..................................................................................................................................... 5 Syfte ................................................................................................................................................... 6 Material och metoder .................................................................................................................... 6 Resultat.............................................................................................................................................. 7 Diskussion...................................................................................................................................... 14 Tack ................................................................................................................................................. 14 Referenser....................................................................................................................................... 15 Appendix 1...................................................................................................................................... 17 Appendix 2...................................................................................................................................... 18 Appendix 3...................................................................................................................................... 20 Appendix 4...................................................................................................................................... 24 4 Introduktion Malaisefälleprojektet Denna studie av hängbensteklar (Anomaloninae) insamlade inom Svenska malaisefälleprojektet (SMTP) har gjorts möjlig tack vare tillgången på material från det nationella insektsinventeringsprojektet SMTP. Huvudintresset för SMTP i sin helhet är inriktat på ordningarna tvåvingar (Diptera) och steklar (Hymenoptera) för vilka det sedan tidigare är känt att det finns stora kunskapsluckor (Douwes m.fl. 2004). SMTP drivs av Naturhistoriska riksmuseet men är förlagt till Uppsala Universitets Ekologiska forskningsstation i Öland Skogsby och finansieras av Svenska artprojektet (ArtDatabanken). Inventeringsprojektet startade 2003 och 75 malaisefällor har använts utspridda över hela Sverige. Under tre års tid (sammanlagt nästan 200 fällår) har ca 40 miljoner insekter fångats, från Abisko i norr till Sandhammaren i söder. Detta gör projektet till ett av de största insektsinventerings- projekten genom tiderna, även i en internationell jämförelse. En karta över fällornas lokalisering kan ses i Appendix 1. Hängbensteklar Hängbensteklar tillhör familjen brokparasitsteklar (Ichneumonidae) (Townes 1971). Brokparasitsteklar finns representerade över hela världen med mer än 60 000 arter (Goulet & Huber 1993). Hängbensteklar är väldigt vanliga över hela världen i alla typer av terrestra biotoper, med ca 730 kända arter indelade i 38 släkten (Broad 2008 muntligen). De tolv i Sverige förekommande släktena är; Agrypon Förster 1860, Anomalon Panzer 1804, Aphanistes Förster 1869, Barylypa Förster 1869, Erigorgus Förster 1869, Habrocampulum Gauld 1976, Habronyx Förster 1869, Heteropelma Wesmael 1849, Parania Morley 1913, Perisphincter Townes 1961, Therion Curtis 1830 och Trichomma Wesmael 1849. Där Agrypon och Erigorgus är de artrikaste (Forshage 2007). De flesta parasitsteklar är svåra att bestämma i fält, men underfamiljen hängbensteklar har i flykten karaktäristiska hängande ben, vilket gör att de är relativt lätta att känna igen. Förutom sina långa ben karaktäriseras hängbensteklarna av en kort mesosoma (mellankropp) och en långsmal metasoma (bakkropp). Petiole (bakkroppsskaftet) är väldigt lång och smal och spiraklerna (andningshålen) sitter apicalt. Oftast är hängbensteklarnas clypeus (munsköld) sammansmält med övriga ansiktet, vilket ger dem en väldigt rund och mjuk huvudform. Storleken på dessa steklars kroppslängd varierar från ca 0,6 cm upp till ca 4 cm (Gauld & Mitchell 1977). De morfologiska karaktärerna hos hängbensteklarna är förhållandevis stabila (Goulet & Huber 1993) och det kan på goda grunder antas att gruppen är monofyletisk. Många hängbensteklar är koinobionta endoparasitoider på fjärils- och skalbaggslarver. Det innebär att de parasiterar sina värdar i ett tidigt larvstadium, växer och utvecklas parallellt inuti sin värd för att slutligen kläckas ur dess puppa (Goulet & Huber 1993). En viktig detalj i sammanhanget är att hanarna är haploida, det vill säga att de har endast en enkel uppsättning kromosomer till skillnad från honorna som är diploida, det vill säga en dubbel uppsättning av kromosomer. Hanarna är haploida eftersom de kommer från obefruktade ägg. I och med hanens enkla genuppsättning så evolveras inte defekter eller nackdelar bort, utan kan komma att uttryckas. Detta gör att hanarna varierar alltför mycket för att utgöra en lämplig grund för (ny)beskrivningar. Därför beskriver man heller aldrig en art utifrån en hane (Quicke 1997). Hittills har 41 arter av hängbensteklar rapporterats från Sverige, men två av dessa har inte kunnat verifieras (Forshage 2007). Dessa två ej verifierade arter är Therion brevicorne Gravenhorst 1829 och Agrypon gracilipes Curtis 1839. En lista över kända svenska fynd med landskapsangivelser presenteras i Appendix 2. 5 Syfte Syftet med detta arbete är att öka kunskapen om hängbensteklar, genom att undersöka de arter av hängbensteklar som påträffats i Svenska Malaisefälleprojektet (SMTP). Vidare presenteras en sammanställning av nyckelkaraktärer för de påträffade släktena och arterna. Material och Metoder Steklarna i undersökningen bevaras i 96 % etanol och har insamlats i Malaisefälleprojektet åren 2003-2006. För att kunna studera dem användes en stereolupp med 10-40 ggr förstoring. Vid artbestämningen samt för beskrivningar av nyckelkaraktärer användes Gauld & Mitchell (1977), Gauld (1976a) och Gauld (1976b). De första dagarna studerades ett tiotal arter som redan var artbestämda av specialister. Detta gjordes för att få en känsla för karaktärerna på de olika arterna. Efter noggranna undersökningar av dessa steklar, påbörjades artbestämningen av de obestämda hängbenssteklar som påträffats i SMTP:s prover. Material från Lunds Zoologiska museum och Naturhistoriska riksmuseet i Stockholm har studerats och använts som referensmaterial. Det fanns inte möjlighet att välja ut prover efter något visst system, utan alla prover som fanns tillgängliga studerades. Brokparasitstekelproverna har sorterats till underfamiljsnivå och hängbensteklarna har sedan sorterats ner till släkte och art (Broad 2007; Landin 1971; Magnusson 2007; Townes 1969-1971). Hittills har bara en bråkdel av SMTP:s brokparasitsteklar underfamiljsorterats och detta är också anledningen till att endast 104 brokparasitstekelprover från åtta olika landskap undersökts i detta arbete. Det motsvarar ca 5 % av SMTP: s ca 2 000 insamlade prover. I Appendix 1 finns en karta över alla SMTP: s fällor i Sverige. Här kan man även se från vilka lokaler/fällor proven i studien kommer (gul och rödmarkerade) och i vilka av dessa hängbensteklar har påträffats (rödmarkerade). Malaisefällan (Fig. 1) är en tältliknande konstruktion som framförallt är lämpad till att fånga flygande insekter i. Fällan konstruerades på 1930-talet av insektsforskaren René Malaise och påminner om ett tält gjort av myggnät
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  • Serie B 1997 Vo!. 44 No. 1 Norwegian Journal of Entomology

    Serie B 1997 Vo!. 44 No. 1 Norwegian Journal of Entomology

    Serie B 1997 Vo!. 44 No. 1 Norwegian Journal of Entomology Publ ished by Foundation for Nature Research and Cultural Heritage Research Trondheim Fauna norvegica Ser. B Organ for Norsk Entomologisk Forening F Appears with one volume (two issues) annually. tigations of regional interest are also welcome. Appropriate Utkommer med to hefter pr. ar. topics include general and applied (e.g. conservation) ecolo­ I Editor in chief (Ansvarlig redaktor) gy, morphology, behaviour, zoogeography as well as methodological development. All papers in Fauna norvegica ~ Dr. John O. Solem, Norwegian University of Science and are reviewed by at least two referees. Technology (NTNU), The Museum, N-7004 Trondheim. ( Editorial committee (Redaksjonskomite) FAUNA NORVEGICA Ser. B publishes original new infor­ mation generally relevan,t to Norwegian entomology. The Ame C. Nilssen, Department of Zoology, Troms0 Museum, journal emphasizes papers which are mainly faunal or zoo­ N-9006 Troms0, Ame Fjellberg, Gonveien 38, N-3145 ( geographical in scope or content, including check lists, faunal Tj0me, and Knut Rognes, Hav0rnbrautene 7a, N-4040 Madla. lists, type catalogues, regional keys, and fundamental papers Abonnement 1997 having a conservation aspect. Submissions must not have Medlemmer av Norsk Entomologisk Forening (NEF) far been previously published or copyrighted and must not be tidsskriftet fritt tilsendt. Medlemmer av Norsk Ornitologisk published subsequently except in abstract form or by written Forening (NOF) mottar tidsskriftet ved a betale kr. 90. Andre consent of the Managing Editor. ma betale kr. 120. Disse innbetalingene sendes Stiftelsen for Subscription 1997 naturforskning og kulturminneforskning (NINAeNIKU), Members of the Norw. Ent. Soc. (NEF) will r~ceive the journal Tungasletta 2, N-7005 Trondheim.
  • Abanchogastra Perkins, 1902; Hawaiian (Gauld, 1985

    Abanchogastra Perkins, 1902; Hawaiian (Gauld, 1985

    1 A Abanchogastra Perkins, 1902 [= Enicospilus; Bennett, 2008] Absyrtus Holmgren, 1859; Holarctic; CTENOPELMATINAE: PERILISSINI Abzaria Cameron, 1885; Neotropic; ICHNEUMONINAE: PLATYLABINI Acaenitellus Morley, 1913; Oriental (Gupta, 1987, 1988); TRYPHONINAE: OEDEMOPSINI Acaenitus Latreille, 1809; Palearctic; ACAENITINAE Acanthobenyllus Heinrich, 1938; Ethiopian; ICHNEUMONINAE: ICHNEUMONINI Acanthocryptus Thomson, 1873 [= Rhembobius] Acanthojoppa Cameron, 1902 [= Eccoptosage] Acantholabus Heinrich, 1974a; Oriental; ICHNEUMONINAE: PLATYLABINI Acanthoprymnus Cameron, 1905 [= Astomaspis] Acanthostoma Kriechbaumer, 1894 [= Habronyx (Habronyx)] Acanthostroblia Roman, 1925 [= Eusterinx (Eusterinx)] Acerastes Cushman, 1929; Nearctic, Neotropic; CRYPTINAE: CRYPTINI Acerataspis Uchida, 1934; Oriental, Palearctic; METOPIINAE Achaius Cameron, 1903; Oriental, Palearctic; ICHNEUMONINAE: ICHNEUMONINI Achaiusoides Tereshkin, 2011; Palearctic; ICHNEUMONINAE: ICHNEUMONINAE Achorocephalus Kriechbaumer, 1899 [= Eugalta; Wahl & Gauld, 1998] Acidnus Townes, 1970a; Neotropic; CRYPTINAE: PHYGADEUONTINI Aclastoneura Kriechbaumer, 1896 [= Proclitus] Aclastus Förster, 1869; worldwide; CRYPTINAE: PHYGADEUONTINI Acleasa Cameron, 1902 [= Vagenatha] Aclomastion Gauld, 1984; Australian; CRYPTINAE: PHYGADEUONTINI Acoenites Latreille, 1810 [= Acaenitus] Acoenitus Griffith, 1832 [= Acaenitus] Acolobus Wesmael, 1845; Palearctic; ICHNEUMONINAE: ICHNEUMONINI Aconias Cameron, 1904; Oriental, Palearctic; CRYPTINAE: HEMIGASTERINI Acorystus Townes, 1970a; Neotropic; CRYPTINAE:
  • Hym., Ichneumonidae, Anomaloninae) in Eastern Part of Iran with Key to Species

    Hym., Ichneumonidae, Anomaloninae) in Eastern Part of Iran with Key to Species

    Archive of SID J Insect Biodivers Syst 05(1): 69–78 ISSN: 2423-8112 JOURNAL OF INSECT BIODIVERSITY AND SYSTEMATICS Research Article http://jibs.modares.ac.ir http://zoobank.org/References/5AB4D6F8-5D27-4DB6-B719-9B0FE69BBD6F Occurrence of the genus Erigorgus Forster (Hym., Ichneumonidae, Anomaloninae) in Eastern part of Iran with key to species Maryam Zardouei Heydari, Ehsan Rakhshani* and Azizollah Mokhtari Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Zabol, 98615-538, I.R. Iran. ABSTRACT. Iranian species of the genus Erigorgus Forster, 1869 are taxonomically reviewed. The sampling was done using Malaise traps in Eastern provinces of Iran. Two species, Erigorgus cerinops (Gravenhorst, 1829) Received: 12 March, 2019 and Erigorgus fibulator (Gravenhorst, 1829) are reviewed, of which the second species represents occurrence of this genus in East of Iran. A brief diagnosis Accepted: based on the reliable morphological characters, as well as an illustrated key to 05 May, 2019 Iranian species are provided. The geographical distribution of the recorded Published: species in the Palaearctic regions is also discussed. 15 May, 2019 Subject Editor: Ali Asghar Talebi Key words: Erigorgus, Gravenhorstiini, Palaearctic, Parasitoid, South Khorasan Citation: Zardouei Heydari, M., Rakhshani, E. & Mokhtari, A. (2019) Occurrence of the genus Erigorgus Forster (Hym., Ichneumonidae, Anomaloninae) in Eastern part of Iran with key to species. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics, 5 (1), 69–78. Introduction Ichneumonidae, as one of the largest Anomaloninae of Iran have recently been families of Hymenoptera, include 44 investigated by various authors (Mojeni & recognized subfamilies, 1 601 genera and Sedivy, 2001; Masnadi-Yazdinejad & Jussila, 25 292 described species (Townes, 1969; Yu 2009; Zarepour et al., 2009; Klopfstein & et al., 2016).