Aroip and the sanctity of Jerusalem through

the ages

Paper presented to the Center for Palestinian Studies Zaytuna,

Award Jerusalem as the capital of Arab Culture 2009

D. Elham Mohamed Hashem Aldejanee

Associate Professor, Department of History

King Abdul Aziz University - Jeddah Branch Faisaliah

http://www.kau.edu.sa/ealdejanee [email protected] [email protected]

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Introduction: Celebrate Jerusalem as capital of Arab Culture 2009 But Jerusalem is now a converted Jew. And the adoption of the Jewish neighborhoods. Jerusalem lost. Jerusalem and Palestine the right to make the Arab and Islamic nation. Jerusalem, a large icon, still shows us as a nation deserve to live. Jerusalem is not exclusive to one, but we put our values and our honor and all. Once again .. And not a final .. Establish Jerusalem as a Palestinian, Arab, Islamic, we are all here to celebrate Jerusalem as capital of Arab culture, that is, they are an integral part of the Arab Islamic nation. We continue to prove to the world every day that Jerusalem is an Arab Jerusalem can not be separated from home is not geographically or demographically, politically and culturally in sports or in any logic of scientific or literary world, it is the bride of Palestine and the heart of the Arab world. Jerusalem is still rich and will remain in the hearts of Muslims and Arabs will not forget, they are the fuel that does not dim and the flame lit at all times. Celebration of Jerusalem as the capital of Arab culture condemns Jewish extremist attempts to storm the Aqsa Mosque yards. In this research, the photographer and the book will remove suspicions about the history of Jerusalem, This ancient city is freeing history. I will talk about new facts, this study will be a new document includes the documents and Jerusalem, I will defend and respond to the misconceptions of these concepts, whether intentional or unintentional But Will be defensive about the word because I do not have

2 the other .... To ground myself that I have my job if asked by the Lord of mankind in the great day. Sanctity and the Arab identity of Jerusalem Through the ages: Al-Quds, or Jerusalem, or Elijah, or Jerusalem, all labels of the city of Jerusalem, the holy capital of the eternal to the country of Palestine, a city of Arab and Muslim attempts to Zionist Jews after they set up their own brute on the land of Palestine pure that make them capital of a state called Israel, a country to which he is in the holy book to the :inevitability of its demise after the height in the verse

 َو َق َض ْي َنا إِ َل ٰى َب ِني إِ ْس َرائِيلَ فِي ا ْل ِك َتا ِب َل ُت ْف ِس ُد َّن فِي ا ْْلَ ْر ِض َم َّر َت ْي ِن َو َل َت ْعلُ َّن ُعلُ ًّّوا َكبِي ًّرا  َفإِ َذا َجا َء َو ْع ُد أُو ََل ُه َما َب َع ْث َنا َع َل ْي ُك ْم ِع َبا ًّدا َل َنا أُولِي َبأْ ٍس َش ِدي ٍد َف َجا ُسوا ِخ ََللَ ال ِّد َيا ِر َو َكا َن َو ْع ًّدا َم ْف ُعو ًَّل  ُث َّم َر َد ْد َنا َل ُك ُم ا ْل َك َّر َة َع َل ْي ِه ْم َوأَ ْم َد ْد َنا ُك ْم بِأَ ْم َوا ٍل َو َب ِني َن َو َج َع ْل َنا ُك ْم أَ ْك َث َر َن ِفي ًّرا إِ ْن أَ ْح َس ْن ُت ْم أَ ْح َس ْن ُت ْم ِْلَ ْن ُف ِس ُك ْم َوإِ ْن أَ َسأْ ُت ْم َف َل َها َفإِ َذا َجا َء َو ْع ُد ا ْْل ِخ َر ِة لِ َي ُسو ُءوا ُو ُجو َه ُك ْم َولِ َي ْد ُخلُوا ا ْل َم ْس ِج َد َك َما َد َخلُوهُ

أَ َّولَ َم َّر ٍة َولِ ُي َت ِّب ُروا َما َع َل ْوا َت ْتبِي ًّرا  صدق هللا العظيم .

The Palestine in general and Jerusalem in particular, occupy a prominent place in the mind and conscience of all workers in the field of history, and the fact that Jerusalem has in the hearts of nostalgia particular they flower of cities , and represent all of us of great importance deserved all the attention, especially after the recent events involving the monster's identity Jerusalem, and the owners of your thought to distort the Arab identity of Jerusalem, who lived world and a global outcry, based on the falsification of historical fact. The history of Jerusalem, which draw material from historical sources, an epic of great tragedy of great

1 سورة االسراء : اآلٌات 4 – 7 .

3 experienced that city, since its inception and until now, saw the conquests and lived victories, and suffered from aggression and rape, but it has been, and will remain, God willing, steadfast defiance of a proud, proud of Arab identity and its Arab Islamic and, if the Zionists were planning to Judaizing the city Arab roots, and make it the capital of a unified state temporary Israel, it is better to them to refer to the documentation of Jerusalem and the sources of history and read it well to absorb the lesson learned from the fate of those who tried before them, such as attempts to turn and be changed by the identity and the displacement of the people of Documents and sources of history is the best witness to the triumph of the owners of the denied the right, defeat the aggressor and usurper no matter how long lags and the apartment, plunging the night no matter how long-standing must have its light shines in the morning light of truth. And sources for the history of Jerusalem variety in the quantity and quality, commensurate with the date and amount of this city, which was destined to play on the extent of recorded history role politically and culturally, spiritually and place of spiritual, cultural, and geographic strategy is the city of the Apostles and the meeting of the prophets and complex religions, and therefore the history of Jerusalem will not stop the march for the moment, since the ancient times until today, and will continue that history exists as long as the human story alive on the surface of the earth live list. It is worth mentioning that the yield of this study to shed light on the new sources for the history of Jerusalem in particular, documents the Temple Mount, which was discovered about ten years, and documents Ganizp, and documents of stay and records of judges and documents about the history of Jerusalem preserved in the role of archives in Europe and the coping and Galatasaray Istanbul as well as for inscriptions, coins, and archives, and wrote travelers, ware sources of the history of Jerusalem.

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It is an honor and privilege of this study would be part of what it reveals of documents about the sanctity and Arab character of Jerusalem, and about the historical aspects of the city of Jerusalem, and has imposed conditions and transfers of regional and international, continue to impose consider the conditions of flower of cities (Jerusalem) in all its aspects: historical, legal, political and cultural and civilization, because Jerusalem is not just a city like other cities in the world as a whole, it is fragrant and the scent of the heavenly messages, address human civilization and, the symbol of the will of life and image, reflect the major shifts in this region and around the world.

The importance of this research is limited in: First: The objective aims to approach the issue of holiness and the Arab identity of Jerusalem, with the collection of scientific material as possible to the scientific analysis, and systematic evaluation of them. II: The hard historical facts establish special responsibilities towards Jerusalem to the Arabs and Muslims and Christians are all, to link the city with them since historically the oldest ages until now. And then the search is concerned to prove two axes are of great importance, namely the Arab character of the city and the Arab identity of the population. III: proof of contradiction Zionist claims on Jerusalem, which is based on a set of statements that emphasize the historical facts to be groundless, they estimate they distinct breed pure blood descendants of Abraham, and that they therefore God's chosen people, and that Palestine is the Promised Land. And historically that all this is not true, and that these allegations contradictory as stated in the Bible which tells us that the purity of Jewish blood is a myth, and that the Jewish religion, not race, that God promised them of their presence in Palestine was conditioned save them the commandments of God and their followers orders, but they wasted this conditions.

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Population: Before talking about the history of the city of Jerusalem and its early years, we have to note that the population of this city, since its inception and before that arise on the land of Palestine was inhabited by people Palestine ancient Arabs known as the Jebusites, migrated from the Arabian Peninsula on the impact of the drought in the old to the Palestine , and lived with her family Albulstinyin Arab Canaanites, since four thousand years ago before the birth of Prophet Abraham peace be upon him, and before the appearance of Moses and his followers on the scene for more than two thousand years, and this is an historic truth supported by the archaeological finds last-taken by scientists almost unanimously. As historians Modern "and that show a birth certificate of the city it Canaanite origin, and shortly after the conflict emerged was between those indigenous owners of city real and the Hebrews who wanted to take over the city. Thus, Jebus is the name of the Canaanite Arab city of Jerusalem. If this is the opinion of Arab historians, all supported by indications that the Jebusites are mentioned in the Bible. Historians, some foreigners have another view, the view of a strange subject us to a world. D. Abdel-Hamid Zayed, a view Orientalist Samuel Ibramski And it is noteworthy that the Jebusites out of inductive and that without explaining to us what is the evidence for it, or attributed to, it is, without doubt, in this view is designed to keep the reader and keep public opinion about the true origin of the Holy City which is the parent High Canaanite Arab, because Hittites are often groups of Indo- European, silent Asia Minor, has already been revealed Semites Canaanites, Jebusites, including the Fertile Crescent, including the area of Palestine and that inflicted by the Hittites. Albulstiniyon and Canaanites are the oldest clans who settled in the land of Palestine and gave them their name,

6 and them is due the establishment of civilization ancient Palestine. The language of these Albulstinyin language is classical Arabic, which was spoken by the people of the Arabian Peninsula before migrating to the area of the Fertile Crescent. And affiliated with the Canaanites in general to Canaan Ben Sam son of Noah, peace be upon him, and the name of Bilal Canaan is called, at first, on the Syrian coast and the western part of Palestine, but the manual with the then so that now includes a significant portion of Syria, also launched on all of Palestine. The waves of the High Arab after the migration of the Jebusites, the Canaanites to the Fertile Crescent area migration of the Amorites, a second migration of the Greater Arab from the Arabian Peninsula, and the concentration of those initially in the northeastern of the Levant and then took to spread in the mid-Syria melodic and came to the south of Palestine. Have also been migration of Arab third of the Arabian Peninsula to the Fertile Crescent area carried out by the group known as Arameans, associate Aram bin Sam son of Noah, peace be upon him in the late third millennium BC and then penetrated into the outskirts of the country they settled in the late twelfth century BC in Damascus and Hama. And belongs Prophet Abraham to these groups, has been known that the Prophet Abraham peace be upon him Aramean origin has existed in the town of Harran in the period between the years 1900 - 1850 BC. M It is our right and the right of each researcher to ask: How could it be Abraham Hebron Jewish claims to the Jews they belong to? With that Abraham lived before the known history group who call themselves Jews around 1300 years? We may also ask in this area how Jews came to Iraq and how contact our master Abraham? While it did not have to exist after already in Iraq or elsewhere, and how the Jews claim that Abraham spearheading his departure to Palestine before the creation of Judas, who had made the designation of Jews who have created or Jacob, who was known as Israel?

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It is the outcome of the archaeological work at the site of ancient Jerusalem proved that the hill south-east, which are above the Temple Mount, which claims that the Jewish Temple of Solomon was based on it by the Semitic settlements is attributed to the Late Bronze Age deep. Also found the remains of a skeleton dating back to an era in which he lived in the Jebusites, the inhabitants of Palestine Arabs to engage in agriculture, cattle grazing in a narrow space of ancient valleys between the hills and because of the scarcity of water sources there. The second source of the ancient history of Jerusalem has raised came from the ancient Egyptian civilization and the first raised the Tel el-Amarna. He has the English archaeologist Flinders Petrie Flanders Butry exploration raised the Amarna years old in 1887 and succeeded in getting 377 plate mud carved in cuneiform and written in Akkadian in the remnants of Archives flying palace Akhenaton. What concerns us of these paintings, there is a message to one of them dating back to 1400 BC. M wrote this letter Prince Canaanite claims (Abdou Nikhyeea) was the ruler of Jerusalem by the king and thus proven to not interrupt the suspicion that the Palestinians are the Jebusites, the ancients who founded Jerusalem, which The fortress and headquarters for the rule of this prince appointed by the Pharaoh of Egypt, who owes him allegiance. There is the view that the kings of Egypt in the era of the Egyptian empire (Dynasties eighteenth and nineteenth and twentieth): 1575-1087 BC. M have realized on securing peace Egyptian secure the borders of Egypt's natural that start from the territory of Syria, Palestine, and that control of the ways the invasion of the valleys Alaurrent ( Orontes), Jordan, Syria and Canaan. Among the cities that came under Egyptian control, the city of Jerusalem, who has been named in the texts of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics and Heratiqip as one of the cities in the land of Canaan, and there are several pieces of evidence which Egyptian texts contained the name of

8 the city. The most obvious one of modern historians and there is no room to mention in the research, but it is enough to note. The third source to prove the Arab character of Jerusalem since ancient Torah Jews are the same, it is stated in Exodus said Jebusite king of Jerusalem and claims (Melchizedek) have indicated that the Torah is the King, who met Abraham and blessed him when a delegation to Palestine. In the Book of Judges was named Jerusalem as "Jebus", referring to the Jebusites, who established the channel. The reality of archaeological discoveries proved that Jerusalem when migration to the Arab Jebusites did not build a temple where the sacred, because the Semitic tribes, including the Canaanite Jebusites were not known to build massive stone temples, as did the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians. In short, the history is known and fixed now for the emergence of Jerusalem it was set up about five thousand years at the hands of the Jebusites, and to submit her name is Jebus or city of the Jebusites. And the designation of the city in Jerusalem is the name Aramaic language of the Jebusites, which consists of two sections: the land of Ur of the sense or the seat, or a house in the Aramaic language, and Salem or Salem is the name of the God of the Jebusites, and would thus mean: Salem City of God.This name was mentioned for the city in the documents of ancient Egypt since the nineteenth century BC, as well as the Greeks called it (Brosalm), and called the Jewish historian Iossifios in the early Roman conquest to her: (Hiroslima), including derived Europeans call it (Jerusalem). The Romans called it: Elijah Caputolina, and called the Arabs: Elijah, and Jerusalem and Jerusalem, the Holy Quran and called two names: the village and the blessed land. The name of Jerusalem to the Turks in modern history a recipe I knew Sharif in Jerusalem. We have to ask here after we confirmed the identity of

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Palestine and Jerusalem's Old City, how the Jews claim seniority presence in this country Fbl Arab presence, and we have a statement true history of the migration of the Hebrews to Palestine and to Jerusalem. It is well known that the tribes of the Hebrews are the tribes of nomads of Semitic tribes who lived in the desert region south of the Tigris and Euphrates (Mesopotamia), and then paid to infiltrate the drought in the west to the valleys of Palestine and the Jordan River to come from the land of Ur (Iraq). The continued infiltration Hebrew a long time and was gradually, but reached its peak in about 1400 BC. M and understood from sources that the tribes of the Hebrews when they immigrated to Palestine in the late sixteenth century and early fifteenth century BC, could not enter Jerusalem because of the immunized population Jebusites them heavily. According to the Torah and supported by the Quran for that is that some tribes of the Hebrews could not stay in Palestine for their poverty immigrated to Egypt during the reign of Jesus took Joseph son of Jacob ministry in the days of the rule of the Hyksos to them, and they settled on Egypt's eastern borders in the land of Goshen County Eastern (1730 - 1580 BC . m). They remained Hebrews living in Egypt that was a departure from the reign of Pharaoh Ramses II or in the reign of his son (Merneptah) 1304-127 BC. M, took them out of Moses after he responded to his call and the religion of Islam, which charged him to publish them among the people in Egypt , took them out to the land of Canaan, Palestine, and this is the one who called out in Jewish history or exit Moussaoui referred to in the Torah to travel its own custom travel out , Who came out with Moses from the Children of Israel who had come to Egypt in a phased manner in the era of the Ministry of Prophet Yusuf and before the era of Moses, about 600 years they have merged with the people of Egypt and became the Egyptian citizenship, these did not convert to Judaism carried by the Jews now, and not have not found yet, but they were Muslims united in recognition

11 of Pharaoh out himself, who converted to Islam, which is sinking as indicated so the Holy Quran:  and Jaozna Beni Israel Sea Votbahm Pharaoh and his soldiers, a prostitute and an enemy even if he catches drowning said I believe that there is no god but He who believed in by the children of Israel I am Muslim . As well as stated in the Holy Quran says:  none believed in Moses except some children of his people, the fear of Pharaoh and his chiefs, lest they should persecute them and certainly Pharaoh was mighty on the earth and one who transgressed all bounds * Moses said: O my people, if ye have believed in Allah then put trust if you are Muslims * And they said, God our Lord does not make us put our trust trial for the wrongdoing folk * And deliver us by Thy mercy from the disbelieving folk . When they encountered those coming out of the Children of Israel the land of Palestine ordered them to Moses, peace be upon him to enter the Holy Land and fight from them from the tyrants of people (the toughest) and the evacuation of Jerusalem, and informed them of Moses that God wrote them and promised them they refused and failed to jihad and worship the calf became angry Moses and called them that Itohua in the desert of Sinai for forty years. Thus, Leno took Israel after their deliverance from Pharaoh and his soldiers, and we have a new pagan converts, and they called the Jewish monotheism and Islam for which they were. God has included the shift by the Children of Israel in Sura. And stresses the fact that the Jewish Torah punishment that solution Beni Israel after they disobeyed Moses and says "The Lord came to him Amoosoyen in the wilderness forty years, until a technical generation who did evil in the eyes of the Lord." To summarize the attempts by the Jews arriving in Palestine, Jerusalem and their repeated attempts throughout history, rape the land and the displacement of people say: that the children of Israel, after wandering in the Sinai for forty years died in which Moses and his brother Aaron and buried phase Sinai, leadership shifted

11 to the left of the Children of Israel in Sinai, Joshua Ben N, a pupil of Moses, who led the war against the Canaanites, the Jebusites, in order to enter Palestine and Jerusalem.That period was characterized by the fierce wars between the two teams, and in the Jewish Torah Jews know that the link to their history in Jerusalem did not begin until after they attacked at the time of Joshua son of Nun, in the thirteenth century BC We conclude from the report of the Torah that the city of Jerusalem are among cities that could not Joshua occupation of vulnerability and hardness resistance of its population under the leadership of the Jebusites Menm "Adoni sincere" Once we would to Jerusalem and remained in the hands of their owners Arab Jebusites. This was followed by Prince Joshua son of Nun, as provided for in the Jewish Torah, the era of the judges, has continued to the present Covenant nearly a century of time (between the years 1125.1025 BC). Recognizes the Torah failure of the Israelis in the expulsion of the people of Palestine from their land and satisfaction to live with them in their own land This was followed by Prince of judges reign of kings to take over Shaul king of the children of Israel, for a period of 15 years (1025-1010 BC)., And then came to the throne after him, David, a king and a prophet (101-971 BC). Has continued his nearly forty years, and to govern after him daughter of Solomon (971-932 BC).. And is attributed to Solomon of the Temple in Jerusalem, which was originally built a mosque for the worship of one God Sunday, because David and Solomon, the prophets of God Almighty to the children of Israel resurrected by God to re-between Israel to the Islam religion and worship the Lord of his ancestors Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob, but the Jews claimed falsely it was built the temple to worship the God of the Jews (Jehovah). That was not how the rule of David and Solomon for more than eighty years, after the death of Solomon (about 932 BC). Divided the Israeli state is built on the land of

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Palestine temporarily to two or two kingdoms Hvelten separate: the first in the north, known as the Kingdom of Judah and its capital Jerusalem. He founded the Kingdom of the initial (Mravam), one of the descendants of Jacob, were successively rule this kingdom by the number of kings was the last of whom (is radiation of the son of Elah) 732-742 BC. M, and spent the Assyrians to the kingdom during the reign of Assyrian King Sargon II, who seized Samaria in 721 BC. m. Ali has spent the kingdom of Israel and the captivity of its inhabitants to Assyria, capital of his state. The Kingdom of Judah was ruled the tribes of Judah, and the first kings is (Rehoboam son of Solomon) 922-915 BC. M, has (Chacnq) Pharaoh of Egypt in the fifth year of the reign of Rehoboam his campaign on the famous Jerusalem in 930 BC. M, which seized the city and the treasures of the Temple of Solomon, as mentioned in the Book of Kings first. The Register News Chacnq this campaign at the gate Bobasitp when a wall in the Temple of Karnak in Luxor object now in Egypt. She spent the Babylonian Chaldean which in Syria, Iraq, and as long as the ruling 73 years (612-539 BC)., The Kingdom of Judah, and the Menm (Nebuchadnezzar) the greatest kings of Babylon, so the impact of campaigns by them against the Jews, the years 597 586 BC. M, and the Busby Jews to his capital of Babylon, and I knew this period in the history of the Jews on behalf of the Babylonian captivity, or Babylonian captivity. And so spent on the two kingdoms, which aroused the Provisional Ahazzilleten Jews on the land of Palestine, and the number of kings who ruled in both twentieth king.And ruled the Kingdom of the initial 209 years (931-724 BC)., As long as the rule of the second 345 years (931-586 BC)., And then ended the presence of the Jews completely from Palestine and Jerusalem after 420 years of the Kingdom of David on its territory, and returned Palestine editor of the Canaanites, the Jebusites Arab owners.

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And in 526 BC. M. The bright in the ancient world of the Persian Empire and replaced Assyria as a superpower in the Middle and succeeded its founder Cyrus the invasions of Syria and Palestine, have been helped by the exiled Jews in Babylon to enter Jerusalem. The Torah says that he allowed the Jews exiled in Babylon to return to Jerusalem, and that under the influence of his wife (Esther) and Judaism (Mordecai) Jewish adviser. Although it is not all Jewish exiles to Palestine, and most of them preferred to stay in Babylon, and take them home did not return to Palestine, but the fanatics and religious Jews. Cyrus ordered the rebuilding of the Temple in Jerusalem at his expense, except that the construction is not only in the reign of his successor, Dara year 515 BC. M.

When the Macedonian empire of Alexander the Great, and succeeded in overthrowing the Persian Empire, Alexander the Israelis welcomed the invader when he came to the Levant and a fighter for the horse, but that life did not extend Alexander the youth died in the year 332 BC. M. And Alexander Tksmt State in the Middle East between two of his generals, Ptolemy Sileks are established, each state has a known first state the forecastle and the second state of the Ptolemies. He was sentenced by the State of Ptolemaic rule in Egypt while the Seleucids of Syria and the high country of Iraq, and fought all the kingdoms on the eligibility of an important rule in Palestine. And became the situation of the Jews in Palestine between tidal Sometimes they fall under the rule of Btalmp Egypt and at other times under the rule of Slloukiy Levant. The relationship worsened Jews King Saluki Antijos IV (175- 164 BC). So he attacked Jerusalem and destroyed the structure, that the Persians had their sons, and decided to build a temple on the Temple of the Lord Greek (Zeus) Olympic, after the expulsion of Jews from Jerusalem. And decided to change the name of Jerusalem to the city of Olympic Zeus. This has forced the king to renounce the

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Jews convert to Judaism and the pagan Greek and passed resolutions banning Jews from practicing their faith and the teachings of their religion. These decisions have caused a violent reaction on the part of the Jewish fundamentalists, hardened, the conflict between them and the Greek state even signed what was known in Jewish history as (Ox Almkabip) year 166 BC. M, and the era known as the Maccabees, which lasted a century and a quarter of a century in the history of the Jews on behalf of the Maccabee era (166-37 BC).. After penetration of the Romans in the east and beating against the Seleucids in Syria, Palestine became under Roman rule, in the year 64 BC .. Occupied the Roman leader Pompey annexed Syria to Rome, and in the following year entered the Bubmy Jerusalem and make it subordinate to the Roman governor of Syria. It was not the Jews in Palestine at that time the best case than they were in the Greek Testament, were also among the tides in turbulent circumstances resulting from the conflict with the Roman leaders, including the referee. The relationship worsened the Romans and the Jewish rulers, they Pettmrdy Jerusalem in the reign of Emperor (Vsbasjnos) 68 AD, the emperor sent his son (Titus) 70 AD to the siege of Jerusalem and the elimination of the Jewish revolt. And fell in Jerusalem by the Romans on the tenth of August (August) in 1970, the same day and date on which burned the Nebuchadnezzar Babylonian Temple of Solomon after he entered Jerusalem in 587 BC. Any m after 657 years of the Babylonians destroyed the Temple of Solomon, and after almost 1050 years old m from King David to wrest Jerusalem from the Jebusites, the Palestinian Arabs their respective owners.

As for the third time and last, which stormed the Romans in Jerusalem and expelled the Jews of them, were in the late reign of the emperor (Hadrian) on the ninth of August (August) in 135 AD, following the Jewish revolt known as the (revolution Barkkba) any old planet. It was the size of

15 the dead and prisoners of the Jews by the Romans became so great a completely free Palestine from the Jews since they entered in the fourteenth century BC. It has been said that the slave markets were filled with slave-Jews to become Jewish Almstrq eighth person no more than the price of a horse. " Hardian and issued punitive resolutions against Jews, including the decision to blot out the name of Jerusalem from the official records and transactions, and re-build this city on the Greco-Roman style, have to change its name to the new name is (Elia Capitolina). And ordered the Emperor Hardian further that pick out the rules of the Temple of Solomon of the foundation that ere his fallow fully until it looks as if this structure did not exist at all in the location, and built his shop a temple on behalf of (Jupiter Olympic Alkapetelauna) as a symbol of all to see Announces the End of the Jewish domination of the Arab city Foundation and the parent and the prohibition on entry and Jews live, and make the death penalty on each of them offers to do so. Following this dismissal, which occurred to the Jews of Palestine and Jerusalem by the Romans dispersed the Jews scattered in the Diaspora, the period known in history as (Aldeaspor). It has been estimated number of Jews who were displaced by about 850 thousand, other than the same number who perished were killed and starvation and disease. This was the latest blow to the Jews in Palestine and Jerusalem, they no longer have an entity there is little after that throughout the ages following. Itana and another historian, Jewish views of all the strange strange in this area, so the priest of the Jewish Flavius Josephus (Flavius Josephus), who was born in 1937, and died in 1995, it justifies the factor The spread of the Jewish element in the ancient world in the first and second centuries BC "that the Jews are good people and good citizens.

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Has been the Jews in the diaspora were expelled from the land of Palestine and they are prohibited from residential Jerusalem throughout the subordination of the Levant and Palestine to the Roman rule until the Islamic conquest of this country, year 15 AH / 636 AD during the Caliphate of Omar Bin Al Khattab may Allah be pleased with him by his commander Amr ibn al-Aas, and was Amr had surrounded the the city of Jerusalem with my father Abeida, and when he decided it intensified the blockade, "Svernios" delivery on their way to come Caliph Omar himself to receive the city and decides requirements for reconciliation, so he sent Amr to the Caliph Omar, who approved and attended by himself and recognizes the city already. The reported al-Tabari, written text of the Covenant to the people of Ililia Omar (Jerusalem), and the matter of the text that allowed for the people of Jerusalem religious freedom provided for the viewer to respect the Christian holy sites in the city and the Christians to pay tribute. The age has accepted all the terms of reconciliation with the penguin only requirement to deny Jews access to Jerusalem, in apologizing, however, that the Quran has to select what they and the people of the book and it does not allow this thing. But he vowed to Jerusalem for a Christian not to enter one of the Jews to their holy places or live in neighborhoods. And thus allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem to live in them as parents in custody under Islamic rule. The Caliph Omar built a mosque in the area that was filled with soil next to the sacred rock from which he stopped then the Messenger of Allah peace be upon him to heaven in the incident and Flowers, a mosque known as the Mosque of Omar in the courtyard of the holy Al-Aqsa denied. The influx of Jews to Jerusalem has been slow throughout the era of the reign of Caliphs and the Umayyad caliphs, but their numbers increased significantly during the reign of Caliph Abdul Malik bin Marwan, and when it became the Levant in the hands of

17 the Fatimids, including Jerusalem, the greater the Last Jews in the city of tolerance of the Fatimid general with the people of the Book of Judas or Christians, not Jews pariahs in the Islamic state as it was what they were in the community of Europe, the Middle Ages live in the neighborhoods of their own closed to them, known as the ghetto, but they live with the Muslims if they like it because it was not in the cities of the Islamic neighborhoods dedicated to non-Muslims so as not to Itadunha And has taken care of Muslim rulers in Jerusalem and knew the sanctity of old, has warned them Nnbhthm Koran and the sayings of the Prophet peace be upon him at the feet of His Holiness the city and to the holiness Square Park campus of the maximum that God is around. But the Koran and the Hadith did not definitely identify the beginning of the emergence of the city and the beginning of holiness, but they noted that the emergence of this holy city was far back in the foot. We have noted two of the Surat Al Imran that the first house established for people on the ground is laid out in Mecca, blessed and a guidance to the worlds, which is the Sacred House. As for the time of elaboration and development of the Al Aqsa Mosque Verwey for a great companion Abu Dhar al-Ghafari may Allah be pleased with him saying: "I said, O Messenger of Allaah, which mosque placed in the ground first?" Said the Grand Mosque, said: "Then what? Said: he said: Al-Aqsa Mosque, I said: How was there between them? said: "Forty years" And construction of the Grand Mosque said Alozarki in his history of Mecca that the first built by angels and Adam, peace be upon him and after him his son Seth to the flood event that examined the place that God sent to Abraham and Ishmael peace be upon them Verwa rules and information, which is the fourth building of the house. They may be angels or Adam peace be upon him, after the Sacred Mosque muslim forty years, as stated in the Hadith, the daughter of Al-Aqsa Mosque built first. Based

18 on the year, the landing here is not the year in which we in the secular calendar, but intended to cosmic year is the day for a thousand years, confirming the verse in the holy book  The days when the Lord as a thousand years of your reckoning . We conclude from the different versions in this respect that the history of the Grand Mosque and the history of the Aqsa Mosque and the emergence of the city of Jerusalem, which has about Al-Aqsa Mosque is not known only as God that this is due to start creating the universe. The generosity of God of Jerusalem and the mosque of the maximum under the umbrella of Islam and _khashma credit for, and the fact that the virtues of the Al Aqsa Mosque many referred to the Koran in several verses in Sura Isra and others, and in the Hadith And he : "No journey except to three mosques : this mosque of mine and the Sacred Mosque and the Al Aqsa Mosque. " The generosity of God the Holy place that made him draw the Messenger of Allah  and Marajh it. Also highlights the status of Jerusalem and virtues in Islam in the trend of Muslims in their prayers towards him before being ordered to shift to the Kaaba about seven months Descent verse 144 of Sura. Al-Aqsa Mosque and said contained «in the Holy Quran is the first Qiblah and the third holiest site, and named as well as to the maximum and that after the filth and evil, and that the most-visited mosques and intended to be had from the reward. The intention here is not Al-Aqsa Mosque and the mosque, only this but the meaning of each Square campus Aqsa Mosque by the current and the Mosque of Omar and the Dome of the Rock, which is an area of about 34 acres. And attributed the current maximum building carcass to the Umayyad Caliph Abdul Malik bin Marwan years 65 e 685, due some historians fully built to his son Walid bin Abdul Malik. About 87 e / 706 m Has been described by the Persian Nasir Khusraw. And has continued to the Muslim caliphs attention in the

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Arab identity of Palestine and Jerusalem and made this country place their attention and care, has continued to the successors of the Umayyad attach Jerusalem a lot of care and the beginning of Abdul Malik bin Marwan and his sons Walid and Sulayman, until he reached the love of Caliph Sulayman bin Abdul Malik of the city of Jerusalem, after that came Allegiance succession is Balblqa submitted to the Jerusalem and the dying, the delegations there Tbayah have their residence in Jerusalem and taken home to his instead of Damascus. as well as interested successors Abbasids Arab identity of Palestine, Jerusalem and make it independent principality autonomy, and cared for as well as the architecture which al-Aqsa Mosque, it was narrated that this mosque was signed by the cracked walls in the East and West because of the earthquake the country's year 130 AH he withdrew Caliph Abu Jafar al- Mansur deter the rift and the reconstruction of the mosque and the renovated. Also, the Abbasid caliph al- Mahdi (158-169 AH) to rebuild the mosque when subjected to earthquake last days of his succession. With regard to the presence of Jews in Jerusalem during the Islamic period, it is noticeable that the presence of and Palestine in general was a little bit during the first four centuries of migration, so that travelers Persian Muslim Nasir Khusraw, who visited Jerusalem in the fifth month of Ramadan in the year 438 AH March 16, 1046 to 1047 m, did not mention in his book for any Jewish congregation in Jerusalem, or any other lands to the Jews and the absence of Jewish settlements there, though I found the frequency of travelers, who said everything he saw, not say. Was limited to the words of Nasir Khusraw when talking about the inhabitants of Jerusalem from the Arabs, Muslims at the time that number is about twenty thousand men is Muslim women and children, made no mention of any bored the other lived the city's monks adjacent to the holy places and the pilgrims, Christians and Jews who were only available provisional city on pilgrimage and then return to their country.

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It was the people of Jerusalem to the aggression of the Crusaders, who have resided in the Jerusalem government crusade known as the Kingdom of Jerusalem Crusade, when seized (Godfroa de Blouin), commander of the First Crusade, the Holy House, built in the city a bloodbath for the people of boredom the three, and launched his men in the streets City Kill all of the people are being encountered by men, women and children without discrimination. The carnage continued throughout the opening day and all night, even that this brutal commander sent the Pope of Rome when news of the victory of the Crusaders, saying: "that our horses were mired in their necks in the blood of Muslims and the Temple of Solomon Ioan» Incidentally, the wars waged by Europeans to the country's interesting medieval Islamic and knew Crusades, it did not start in the parent against the Muslims, and also claimed that they have to rid Jerusalem and places holy Christian from the hands of Muslims, but it originally started against the Jews in Eastern Europe Russia by the country and then later turned against the Muslims when they arrived at the Islamic longing. It is said the great Jewish writer Simon Dbnov for the massacres carried out by the Crusaders in the Eastern Europe and Russia before arriving in the country and describes the longing of the Islamic bloodshed, which claimed the lives of many thousands of victims of the Jews. For the Jews of Jerusalem have proved that the Crusaders burned their temple, which had gathered in it, killing many of them and the families of many of those who escaped and survived the killings, and worst of sale into slavery, and told that thirty Yehuda sold one dinar. Have been justified, "de Blouin" to kill the Jews and Tharigah that retaliate against them for the murder of Christ. The Jews suffered from persecution Crusader in all the cities of Palestine, and murder, reunited families in Jaffa, and Hebron (Heron), Haifa, Mount Alcolml and Caesarea. As a result of the massacres of the Crusades was able to

21 escape to escape from the remains of Jews from the cities of Palestine survivors to safe places his life, until almost all of Palestine that have given up entirely of Jews. It was reported that the Jewish traveler Benjamin Alttily, who visited Palestine in 566 AH / 1170 CE, he mentioned that he saw the cities of Palestine entirely free from the Jews, or almost. Stated he had seen in Jerusalem only four Jews work Babbagp, and that he did not see in Jaffa, only one Jew, and in Ramle three Jews, and told that he passed the rest of the cities of Palestine had not been seen by a Jewish one. Have confirmed the validity of census Benjamin this, Pilgrim Bnahia Alrazbony who made the trip between the years (570-583 AH / 1174-1187 AD), where he visited the city of Jerusalem, stressing that he did not find only one Jew, a Rabbi «Ibrahim Htlsega who accompanied him in order to be seen Mount Olive Have disagreed with Benjamin Ptahia Alrazbony in determining the cause which led to the small number of Jews in this class in the city, while Benjamin finds that the massacre of Jerusalem, which hosted the Crusaders to the Jews was the reason, we find that Ptahia believes that economic pressures practiced by the Crusaders to the Jews living in cities under their control through the imposition of heavy taxes on them to force them to emigrate or to resort to other cities in the Levant and Iraq, which are subject to Islamic rule, is the reason for the creation of that situation. I attached a modern researchers, commented: «that the constants historical makes us see that these two factors together have led to the occurrence of this result», and then highlights to us that the researcher is an historic truth, namely, that the cities that were subject to the crusaders in general and Jerusalem in particular, have seen out migration of Jewish and large-scale regions were expelled, while the cities that were subject to the rule of Islamic has seen Jewish communities large have moved it, and hit the researcher, for example, the city of Damascus,

22 and particularly during the 6th century AH / 1912, to the prosperity of economic activity, and being distracted by these activities, as well as the surrounding cities of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Was different both from the Benjamin and Ptahia in the number of Jews in Damascus, he stated first that it amounted to three thousand only, and comparing that number with the numbers of Jews in other cities, while said Ptahia that this number has reached to nearly twenty thousand and this is an overstatement. Whatever the case, the end result is that the crusade has pursued a policy of displacement Jewish, from the city of Jerusalem to the house of other Islamic cities, was welcomed by Jews Settling in Islamic cities in the Levant and in Egypt, have suffered because of tolerance and a sense of security and safety. It is not evidenced by a certificate Ranasiman Orientalist, who said: "The Jews were right in the preference rule Muslim Arabs who were always treat them with honesty and compassion». Thus, the resulting loss of Jews to safety in the city of Jerusalem to migrate. The Crusaders under the rule of the city of Jerusalem for ninety years, until it was released and cleared of their hands at the hands of Saladin, after his victory in the Battle of Hattin. After completing his conquest Saladin allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem, and showed tolerance and forgiveness with the people of the city make good historians know him and praise and appreciation. And Salah al-Din has issued an appeal after liberation of Jerusalem, urging Jews young and old, especially fleeing from aggression Cross to return to Jerusalem. In a few years of the reign of Salah al-Din was the Jewish community in Jerusalem, has returned with returning a large number of senior scientists, Jews and Rbabinthm of Europe and dwelt in Jerusalem, and allowed them to Salah al-Din to work in trade, finance, medicine, and giving them freedom of worship and security where they lived, were thus including some figures in his reign and in particular the doctor Maimonides died in 605 AH /

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1204. He stuck to Salah al-Din in the Ramle Magistrate's with the Crusaders in the Arab identity of Jerusalem and the sovereignty of the State by the Muslims and the rest of the cities of Palestine, were not allowed to Christians and Jews there and in other only freedom of worship. As well as adherence to the rest of the rulers of the Ayyubid, who ruled after Saladin, the Mamluk rulers who inherited the Ayyubid rule in Egypt and the Levant, the Arab identity of Palestine and Jerusalem, and maintained that the command for the duration of their rule did not abandon, especially in Jerusalem did not Ishawwa of the Jews in any property which but allowed them the right to visit and touch the places of worship, and allowed for their community's small to live and treat people of disclosure in rights and duties. And there saw a great deal of importance on the population of the city of Jerusalem, where religion and nationality before the Mamluk period is that the majority of the population before the age they are Christians on the Orthodox religion, and these Christians of Arab descent and loyal to the Islamic rule, has promised to those Salahuddin assistance and open the gates of the city when besieged, no doubt they have benefited from her opening- Salahi and the expulsion of the Crusaders recovered from, as the domination of the Christian holy places. As for the rest of the population They were a force of some groups and the Roman Catholics and Franciscans who were allowed to stay in the Salah al-Din monastery at Mount Zion to accommodate the pilgrims Europeans. As for the Jews E Fimdna a modern historians, and the author of this opinion statistic minutes from the Jews who were taken in arriving in the city of Jerusalem after its conquest Salahi, which is as follows: 1. Some numbers coming from Ashkelon to Jerusalem. 2. In the year 595 AH / 1198 brought the number of Jews from Morocco to Jerusalem. very small م In the years 607-608 AH / 1210-1211 .3

24 numbers came from France, as well as some of the Jews from Germany. 4. In the year 612 AH / 1215 Samuel Ben Simon said that more Jewish than 300 Jewish Lord of southern England and France went to the Holy Land. And attached sovereignty on that by saying «that appears to have been applied to reside in Jerusalem» supports the health of his mind the statement of the traveler Jewish Nhmanis, who visited Jerusalem in 666 / 1267, it did not find in Jerusalem from the Jews, but only two, and two brothers, who were work of drafting. Differed in the reasons and motives that explain these events or that lie behind the occurrence, some of them and explains that references to the specifically Jewish, in the light of what has happened in the country melons from the Mongol invasions, despite the fact that the Mongols did not arrive to the city at all. As interpreted by some other references that many Jews converted to Islam because of the tolerance and good treatment received by those of the Muslim rulers, so it was not half a century to return the city to Muslim rule was only a small number of Jews in Jerusalem for this reason. The keenness of the Mamluk sultans severe in that they make of Jerusalem and an oasis of safety frequented by scholars and jurists, judges, scholars and ascetics and devotees from different denominations and religious doctrines, which is not available for this city in the times- free until it became worthy to turn in their reign of just the mandate of a small Emirate to Damascus on behalf of an independent administrative authority directly subordinate to majestic in Cairo. Thus continued the Arab and Islamic city of Jerusalem during the reign of the Mamluks of Egypt and the Levant, until the Ottoman conquest of this country from the years 648-923 AH / 1250 - 1517. Documentary evidence and the Arab identity of Jerusalem in the Mamluk period: The researcher in the subject of Arab identity of Jerusalem

25 in the royal era must be mindful of the fact that major, is that the world in ancient times and was limited to Central in three continents. Europe, Asia, Africa, and we read the map of the world that the Arab countries is the stall of the three continents, where the Arab Islamic State stretching from the Atlantic Ocean to the borders of China and India and the Gulf in the east, has absorbed the Arab Islamic state in the Near East and large parts of North Africa and South Europe, and extended eastward to include large parts of South Asia, West and Central Africa, including Jerusalem. First: Sources confirm the historical and documentary on the Arab identity of Jerusalem through legislative acts that have been circulating on the people of the Book of the Jews and Christians in matters of mundane, like the Muslims do, and were happy to feel the satisfaction and reassurance, not least that which was narrated by one of the Jews who emigrated to Jerusalem from Spain in 734 AH / 1333, which Yitzhak Ben Youssef Ben Chlo in his letter to his father in which he says: "The Jews live here in happiness and peace of mind each according to its status and resources because the government just...». Second: The subject population of Jerusalem from the Muslims, Christians and Jews in the inheritance of the Court of insecticides, which proves the survivor benefits «under Sharia law». The document No. 197 of the documents the Temple Mount to remember that one of the Jews had dwelt in Jerusalem, and when I feel weakness and illness, approved the document, the inventory of assets, which has Bhzaretha a men Bureau inheritance insect at the request made by this Jew, named Isaac Ben-Shmuel Ben Joseph. After the inventory process acknowledged that his wife owed his legacy magnanimous daughter Judea syphilis present with him in Jerusalem, and his mother Dosa girl baskets syphilis present with him in Jerusalem as well. Thirdly: According to document No. 636 dated 26 May in 796 e that three Jews who were working in Algosabp

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(butcher), and violated the terms of the profession, so they asked the judge, and vowed not to slaughter, not them, nor the Muslims and that violated their pledge to have been punished and paid ten thousand AED fine. If this document is shown anything, it indicates that the policy and legal matters calculation was conducted in accordance with Islamic law. IV: see the documents that the city of Jerusalem is a city of tolerance and peace have a prominent role in Islamic civilization and in the flourishing of culture, except in times of aggression and the European Crusader after that. This was underscored the role of civilization and turned out in the field of social life and relations between people of different religion, whether Muslims or Christians or Jews, and specifically in the area of freedom of housing, each according to his desire, and freely, without pressure or coercion, as was the documentation as a separate different views of some references, has been developed to us the points on the letters and showed the hard truth in what is a difference of opinion about Some references and a neighborhood of the Jews called their name ghetto or Jewish quarter, and it rates one of the gates of Jerusalem called the door of the Jewish quarter, which reaches between St. David to the wall the city and not far from the Zion Gate. But the documents prove that there were not a Christian or Jewish neighborhoods exclusively. The documents confirm the Temple Mount to the neighborhood and other neighborhoods have owned and inhabited by Muslims in many houses. The document No. 35, dated 4, Rabi in 778 e lane Christians remember, and remember that a Muslim owned by the House. . . Then I moved this house after his death to the hospital became a legacy worthy of the children of Ishmael and the crucifixion of Khadija, Fatima, and his wife Fatima, Adam bit. Remember, document No. 635 dated 18 Muharram 793 AH to a Muslim, Al Haj Hassan Ajmi had Masharqa crew

27 accommodation, which was located north of the Bab Hatta, this was a warm home to many Christians. Remember also document No. 461, dated 15 Jumada II in 796 e many Muslims lived in this warm, a hot Masharqa, and have had the corners and endowments to various charities. The document number 367, dated 16 Ramadan in the year 743 AH, it also confirms that the lane in which Christians live and which possessed many of the Muslim houses, with evidence that Omar bin Mohammed bin Moosa Asalty bought a piece of land at $ 30 dirhams to build on it in hot Jawaldp It is that part of the Christian Quarter, near the Jaffa Gate and near the door Jalud. As indicated by the documents from the houses of the Jews, it was crammed with houses of Muslims and Christians in every place. The Muslims have lived with Jews tenants in homes owned by Christians, and the owners of the three religions involved in each other manifestations of social life and customs and traditions, and in social activity in general. This was not limited to the situation on the city of Jerusalem alone, but that the people of the Book of the Jews and Christians in Egypt, they enjoy the same rights and receive. And tell us papyrus and Arabic sources, historians, veterans and references to modern that he was allowed to the people of disclosure of the Jews and the Christians, providing accommodation with the Muslims in any neighborhood of neighborhoods according to their will own, but this was really of their rights which they had obtained throughout the history or presence in Islamic Egypt. Although the mention of Maqrizi that the Jews were gathered in the hot Jawdhirip. Fifth: According to document No. 325 date during the middle ten month of November with 795 years that the e Ahl Christians and Jews were turning to senior Muslim clerics to mediate them to the governing authorities or to lift the injustice against them.This document is a

28 grievance filed by Sheikh Moroccan Muhammad ibn Abd al-Warith al-Maliki to tutor the Sultanate in Damascus, is that Jews died in the city of Jerusalem, rushed to the governor and is responsible for the police to stamp on his house, in preparation for the transfer of the assets of his house from his estate to the house of money Unaudited in Find the will of man or his heirs, came some of the Jews to Sheikh Moroccans to raise the stamp the governor about the legacy of the Jewish dead, and complained that they could not prove the will, because due to the legacy he was in prison, but the Governor did not respond to this dark, raised Sheikh Moroccan message to the tutor Sultanate in Damascus , and asked him to issue orders to the judge Bmrsomin legitimate in Jerusalem, and to the Deputy to the Sultanate consider the complaint and of the Jewish Incefa. I attached a modern historians on the significance of this document Iizaar kingship over the State's keenness to achieve justice and protect the people of the Book when you apply the laws of inheritance insect Bureau VI: witness the monuments of Jerusalem on the original soils of Arabism and the tombs and shrines abound. 1. Soil Saadia (Dar al-Khalidi): stop the soil and buried by Prince Saud bin Saad Eddin Prince Badr al-Din Abdullah bin Sankar Gashanqir Brow Baham probation in the state of al-Nasir Muhammad. And the date of the stay 711 AH / 1311. 2. Soil Tstmrip: a large building consisting of a school, and the Office for the education of children, and for water, soil, and includes a built twenty rooms and a hall and on the front of the construction bar written to read as follows: (ordered the establishment of this place distinguished Ashraf Sayfi Tstmr Alaa as of year four and eighty-seven hundred) . The Prince stayed in Jerusalem 783 years old and built his school and the shrine, died in Sha'ban 786 years old. 3. Soil Kabkip: Located at a distance of about 100 meters to the north-east of the pond "Mamla" in the tomb

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"Mamla" major Islamic tombs of Jerusalem and most of Fame near the Jaffa Gate. Belongs to the Prince Aladdin Oidgdy bin Abdullah Alcabacy died Ramadan 5 years 688 AH. Safed was ruler of Aleppo, then in the reign of Sultan al-Zahir Baybars. Nazir then took to the days of the Two Holy Qalawun. Has shifted most of the cemetery "Mamla" after the occupation of 1948, to roads and parking lots. 4. Cemetery behind the door of mercy directly east wall of the Haram, an ancient cemetery, where graves of a number of companions, God bless them, including: Shaddad ibn Aws, who enabled the Jerusalem and died there in 58 AH and others.Unfortunately, no longer, unless the board of limestone inscribed with the command created, and its origin is Syafi'ie Qansouh Yahyaoui Kafel Kingdom in 894 AH. 5. Alhaherp Cemetery: Located at a distance of few meters outside the walls of Jerusalem, containing the remains of a large number of militants in different eras and Muslim dignitaries and scholars. Seventh: to contain the sanctities of Arab Jerusalem: . home to many of the prophets - the first Qiblah and the ascension of Prophet Muhammad . . a destination for pilgrims of the three faiths. And obvious relevance to the Two Holy Mosques. . subordination of Islamic Egypt. . ¬ Arab Scientists in the presence of Muslims in every branch of science and universities in Jerusalem and Arab culture. Eighth: the administrative status of Jerusalem bears witness to its Arabism in the era of the Mamluk sultans. Known that the rule of the Mamluk sultans extended to Egypt and the Levant. And divided the Levant to the six major administrative divisions (Prosecutions), namely: Prosecutions Damascus, Aleppo, Hama, and Karak, and Safed, and Tripoli. Govern on behalf of all acts on behalf of Prince Sultan. And on behalf of each divided into several sections, called states or small-scale prosecutions. Jerusalem was one of them and they belong

31 to on behalf of Damascus, in the year 777 AH / 1375 turned into on behalf of an independent in the reign of Sultan al-Ashraf Shaaban Bin Hussein, and became her deputy appointed by the Sultan directly. In fact, the Mamluk sultans were careful to choose our rulers and judges of the city of Jerusalem and to consider the grievances of the population and avoided, whether they are Muslims or the people of edema, and therefore, it has such attention and care to enjoy the city and to be blessed with people Medea, security, safety, and then became a link city, capital of Egypt in the era of the Mamluk Sultans of very strong, and included jobs: employers swords, pens, employers, and owners of religious functions. Sabres employers: the Governor or Deputy - and to the Deputy or the castle, and the governor of the city, and eyebrow, and a revealer of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, and an interpreter. Employers pens: the calculated, and the Under-house finance and supervision and headmaster of Captain Church of the Resurrection. Employers religious functions: chief justice and judges, and headmaster of the Two Holy Mosques in Jerusalem, and preacher of Jerusalem, Sheikh school authority, Sheikh Kacah validity and imams of mosques and muezzins, and reciter. . And others. It is worth mentioning that this evidence were not only on but not limited to, because they cast light on the documents and discovered that some researchers have succeeded in the Mujahideen diligent to find it and show to light after the suffering and hardship. It is no secret to the whole world that the enemies the Israelis are doing a lot of control over those documents, and concealment of the facts of menstruation and menstrual identity of Jerusalem, and the blinding of Arabs and Muslims, the sanctity of the city and the surrounding cities. And the rule of the logic of falsehood, but they are crying!Begone! The Almighty God will show the truth and

31 falsehood that claims the falsehood was vanish. Under Ottoman sovereignty rose would Jerusalem Vospeg by Slatinhm and their successors in title of honor became known: "in Jerusalem" The keenness of the Ottoman Sultan Selim I to visit the holy places in Jerusalem, issued a firman to prevent Jewish immigration to the Sinai to preserve the character of the ancient Islamic distinctive of these areas, and This continued firman valid until the year 1367 / 1948 Has remained of Palestine and Jerusalem as part of the Ottoman Empire nearly four hundred years ago, and after the First World War Palestine was British control after being occupied by the British Army in December 1917, and plans to be a part of the mandate system established by the League of Nations which was formed in the aftermath of war First World, and Britain issued, under its mandate over Palestine in the same year, the Balfour Declaration, which proclaimed the desire to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine. Was opposed by the people of Palestine Arabs, who lived in them since the dawn of history, the Balfour Declaration, brutal, and who described as "a promise given to those who do not have who does not deserve."Following the promise of five weeks, General Allenby conquered Jerusalem in December 1917, and Britain imposed on the Palestinians by force the implementation of the Balfour Declaration and the achievement of a national homeland for Jews in Palestine. The Palestinian people's rejection of the British Mandate on their country, and became the date the assignment is the same history of the struggle the people of Palestine against the Jewish infiltration of their country under the British occupation and against Judaizing Jerusalem the eternal capital of Palestine. But the British government had armed the assignment and used the power of empire supported the forces of international Zionism focused on the implementation of the Balfour Declaration, by force and to facilitate large- scale emigration of Jews to the land of Palestine against

32 the will of its people. The Jews in 1917 owned 2% of the land of Palestine, but in mid-1948 have become 6% of the area of Palestine only in spite of all the arbitrary measures carried out by Britain to facilitate the migration and ownership of the Jews in the land of Palestine. And took Palestinian opposition to Jewish immigration and the form of demonstrations and riots and revolutions broke out years 1920.21, 29, 36, 1929, Jerusalem was the scene of major disturbances and clashes took place because of what was known as Buraq revolution or the Wailing Wall as called by the Jews. In February 1947 the British Government decided, after encountering violence, bloody, the question of Palestine to the United Nations and requested a settlement of the Palestine problem, the General Assembly adopted the United Nations on November 29, 1947 the project of partition of Palestine under resolution 18, which provides for the termination of the Mandate British Palestine and the withdrawal of British troops out gradually and the establishment of two states in Palestine, one Arab and one Jewish and the demarcation between them, and to develop an international system for the city of Jerusalem is being managed by the Trusteeship Council of the mother Nations. This has included the resolution on Jerusalem, which carries the No. 18 that the city of Jerusalem demilitarized and be a separate entity under the supervision of the Trusteeship Council, which must develop a draft statute for Jerusalem, and appointed governor of her being elected Legislative Council by universal suffrage of the adult population, and to keep this Regulations in force for a period of ten years, and then consideration by the Trusteeship Council due to the participation of citizens through a referendum. But the fighting, which occurred in 1948 prevented the implementation of that resolution, the Jews quickly occupied the western sector of Jerusalem, and Jordan occupied the eastern sector, including the walled Old City, Jerusalem, and thus divided into two de facto. On January

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23, 1950 Israel declared Jerusalem as its capital and set up government agencies in the western part of the city. After Israel took control of Jerusalem has been operating at Judaizing the Holy City. The 1967 war changed the situation radically changed in Jerusalem, since Israel occupied East Jerusalem with the West Bank of the Jordan River, and since that time brought about a number of demographic and physical changes in Jerusalem. And that all data and figures reported by the Israeli press and statements by senior officials in the government, the so-called Israeli Civil Administration for Israel to the occupied Arab lands refers to the existence of a deliberate Israeli plan aims to transform all of Jerusalem into a Jewish city in full by the year 2020 AD. And employment rates at Judaizing Jerusalem has doubled ten times what it was like in 1967 and until the advent of the Government of butcher Sharon to power. In short, the scheme blew up the Oslo Accords and the freezing of the peace process, confirming that Israel wants to swallow all of Jerusalem, if not lies in its scheme swallow all of Palestine. Thus, after it became clear to all the gentlemen readers of this research, its content of the texts of uncertain and the views of the sound of His Holiness and the Arab identity of Jerusalem can not but conclude this subject is included by scientific evidence of a significant a significant visual and readable is a scientific application of what we demonstrated before, this add-on is a map painted Orientalist Italian, Venetian Marino Snodo Marino Sanudo a senior advocate of the Crusaders, and which show the city of Jerusalem, center of the ancient world, and in the highest heaven, was attached to Marino Snodo this map just Dhristip of the status of the city of Jerusalem, the Book of the Holy Land Gpun Terrae Sanctae, who presented to the Pope explaining the project to undertake a crusade to recover the Christian Holy Land from the Muslims. Read the map:

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The map in the form of a circle, «and the earth in this circle of the world surrounded by the ocean from a cardinal: Middle highest, and the West, bottom, and the South right, north and left of, and in the top half of the circle the continent of Asia, and in the bottom of the continent of Asia and in the center of the circle of Jerusalem. And heaven above at the top of the continent, and in the bottom half of the circle and the south of Africa, and the north of continental Europe, and separated by the sea to mediate, and separates the Asian continent and the continent of Africa, Red Sea, and between Asia and the continent of Europe, the Black Sea. But not on this map, any other names. Since the main purpose of the plot is to highlight the center of Jerusalem in the middle of the world ».

Map Snodo Marino Marino Sanudo, which date back to the year 1321, which is based on a circle "Jerusalem" and stated clearly ecstasy are connected to the sea Ocean has inflicted «Marino» his map this Bmsnfe «Book of the Holy Land» (Opus Terrae) to illustrate the innovative idea that are intended to besiege the Muslim world economic blockade has been donated to the Pope (see Almertsm).

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Almertsm No. 25 Marino Snodo map of the world (1321 m) Ahmed Sousse: Sharif Al Idrisi in geography, Arabic, Part One

In conclusion: Place on record the opinion advocated by the Christian traveler Fabbri, and explains this view, what we experience in modern and contemporary. He believes that the city of Jerusalem has suffered greatly as a result of bigotry of the Jews in the defense of the Temple of Solomon peace be upon him, and felt they should leave this fanaticism and enthusiasm rigid growing, which led to the destruction of the city by the Romans, Persians and others in times of succession, but this view applies to the Jews in At present it is still this bigotry and

36 stiffness increased and failure to comply with covenants and international conventions eventually lead to the demolition of the peace process and the entry of the region in a war that is foreseen only by God, it is known that Solomon peace be upon him Prophet Muslim like all other prophets of God Almighty, as stated in the Qur'an , although there was a presence of any temple or structure for Solomon peace be upon him shall be the property of the Muslims alone, so no one is entitled to give up one inch of the land of Jerusalem because it stood for Muslims throughout the ages to achieve as told by Muhammad peace be upon him for future events and links us to the above Bible, (as reported in Musnad Ahmad). The Messenger of Allah peace be upon him is still a range of my visible on the right, the unstoppable enemy, does not harm the pious, even the command of Allah comes, and they are also .. They said: "Where are they, O Messenger of God? Said: "In Jerusalem and the environs of Jerusalem. In an interview with auspicious said: "asked the Messenger of Allah peace be upon him from the house of the Bible, he said: Oitoh dismissed it. It was said, O Messenger of tricks do you think that between us and them, he said: even send an Zeta Vtsrjawa the lamp) on the Musnad of Imam Ahmad. It was asked Solomon peace be upon him when he built the holy house that God gives the king can not approach others, also called A'Ala pray one in which only Allah will forgive his sins, "The Messenger of Allah peace be upon him that God responded to him in the first, and I hope that answered him in the second. (Narrated by the Governor in Mustadrak and classed by al-Bayhaqi in al- Sunan and Women). Supplements Search Which was adopted on the same sources and references of Arab and foreign

Annex I:

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Why was it called house of the sacred

Called the house of the sacred because that was mentioned in an interview with Flowers Anas that the Prophet peace be upon him said: ((come Balbrac a creature long white donkey and without a mule is located Hafarh at the very tip, and came a month's journey between Mecca and Jerusalem in one night Frckpth until I came to the house Holy Frbth loop that connects the prophets said, then entered it ...... and I prayed to the end of the conversation)) "Narrated by Muslim," Has continued the name of Jerusalem to the Abbasid Caliph al-Ma'mun was named Jerusalem for the first time instead of when the instrument Iilia money in 217 AH and was named Elia Isk on the currency since the time of the Romans, The Ottomans added to the name of Jerusalem in the modern history of recipe (Sharif). I knew (in Jerusalem).

Annex II Why was it called Palestine: The name Palestine came from the name of the tribe came from the western side of the Mediterranean Sea called Palestine, and took control of the southern part of the land of the Canaanites, and founded the cities famous lived side by side with the Canaanites, and then joined the people of this region later to the name of this tribe, and then to gradually disappeared from the land of the Canaanites.

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Annex III: Why was it called Tel Aviv? Is the modern capital of the Jews in the present day. It is the Palestinian dialect of the hill in the sense that non-high plateau, and even the word (Aviv) is a name for the month of months Aramaic Hebrew Arabic, and correspond to the month of April (April), which comes in spring and returns to the land of life. So the meaning of - Tel Aviv - Tel is the spring.

Tel spring of the most important ports of Palestine Islamic Arab

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Annex IV Before we see and talk about the land of the prophets and the holy places, we must note the important fact that the prophets are all Muslims. God's prophets Muslims:

Islam is the general label of going on the tongues of the prophets and their followers since the earliest historical times to the era of prophet Muhammad َّ ً قال تعالى " إِ َّن ال ِّدٌ َن ِع ْن َد َِّللا اإلِ ْسال ُم "، وقال تعالى: " َو َم ْن ٌَ ْب َت ِغ َغ ٌْ َر ا ِإل ْسال ِم ِدٌنا َف َل ْن ٌُ ْق َب َل ِم ْن ُه َو ُه َو ِفً اآل ِخ َر ِة ِم َن ا ْل َخا ِس ِرٌ َن ." Islam, which relied on Hajj as a pillar of the pillars of the five is the religion of Abraham, peace be upon him, has

41 ordered Abraham sons of the prophets of Islam Almighty said:

قال تعالى: " إِ ْذ َقا َل َل ُه َر ُّب ُه أَ ْسلِ ْم َقا َل أَ ْس َل ْم ُت لِ َر ِّب ا ْل َعا َل ِمٌ َن، َو َو َّصى ِب َها إِ ْبر َرا ِهٌ ُم َب ِنٌر ِه َو ٌَ ْعقُو ُب ٌَا َب ِن ًَّ إِ َّن ََّّللاَ ا ْص َط َفى َل ُك ُم ال ِّدٌ َن َفرال َت ُمرو ُت َّن إِال َوأَ ْنر ُت ْم ُم ْسرلِ ُمو َن " وقرال تعرالى على لسان ٌوسف فً دعائه له: "أَ ْن َت َولِ ًٌِّ ِفً ال ُّد ْن ٌَا َواآل ِخ َر ِة َت َو َّف ِنً ُم ْسرلِ ًما َوأَ ْل ِ ْق ِنرً ِبال َّص الِ ٌِ َن " He says in Moses commanded in his people: َّ وقال تعالى فً أمر موسى فً قومه: " َو َقا َل ُمو َسى ٌَا َق ْو ِم إِ ْن ُك ْن ُت ْم آ َم ْنر ُت ْم ِبرا ِ َف َع َل ٌْر ِه َت َو َّكلُوا إِ ْن ُك ْن ُت ْم ُم ْسلِ ِمٌ َن "

It was learned by the drowning of Pharaoh, and admitted his Lord, and claimed that Muslims, too, but after the command. He says:

قال تعالى: " َِ َّتى إِ َذا أَ ْد َر َك ُه ا ْل َغ َر ُق َقا َل آ َم ْن ُت أَ َّن ُه ال إِ َل َه إِال الَّ ِذي آ َم َن ْت ِب ِه َب ُنو إِ ْس َرا ِئٌ َل َو َأ َنا ِم َن ا ْل ُم ْسلِ ِمٌ َن " and the Almighty said about Solomon peace be upon him when called (biblical) Queen of Sheba to Islam: َّ َ ُ ْ " إِ َّن ُه ِم ْن ُس َل ٌْ َما َن َوإِ َّن ُه ِب ْس ِم َِّللا ال َّر ِْ َم ِن ال َّر ٌِ ِم، أال َت ْعلوا َع َل ًَّ َوأ ُتو ِنً ُم ْسلِ ِمٌ َن " The Almighty God said, addressing the Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him:"

َو َما أَ ْر َس ْل َنا ِم ْن َق ْبلِ َك ِم ْن َر ُسو ٍل إِال ُنو ًِ إِ َل ٌْ ِه أَ َّن ُه ال إِ َل َه إِال أَ َنا َفا ْع ُب ُدو ِن " as the text of the Koran that Muslim must recognize the Messengers of former and their writings the right which has been inflicted from God of the Torah and Sbor and the Gospel and the Koran, and what brought him from the principles of the Almighty said:

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ُ ُ :" قُولُو ْا آ َم َّنا ِبا َّ ِ َو َما أن ِز َل إِ َل ٌْ َنا َو َما أن ِز َل إِ َلرى إِ ْبر َرا ِهٌ َم َوإِ ْسر َما ِعٌ َل َوإِ ْسر َِا َق َو ٌَ ْعقُرو َب َ ُ ُ َواأل ْسر َبا ِط َو َمرا أو ِتر ًَ ُمو َسرى َو ِعٌ َسرى َو َمرا أو ِتر ًَ ال َّن ِب ٌُّرو َن ِمرن َّر ِّب ِهر ْم الَ ُن َفر ِّر ُق َبر ٌْ َن أَ َِر ٍد ِّم ْن ُه ْم َو َن ِْ ُن َل ُه ُم ْسلِ ُمو َن "

وقال تعالى:" َش َر َع َل ُكم ِّم َن ال ِّدٌ ِن َما َو َّصى ِبر ِه ُنو ًِرا َوالَّر ِذي أَ ْو َِ ٌْ َنرا إِ َل ٌْر َك َو َمرا َو َّصر ٌْ َنا َ َ ِب ِه إِ ْب َرا ِهٌ َم َو ُمو َسى َو ِعٌ َسى أ ْن أ ِقٌ ُموا ال ِّدٌ َن َوال َت َت َف َّرقُروا ِفٌر ِه َك ُبر َر َع َلرى ا ْل ُم ْشر ِر ِكٌ َن َمرا َت ْد ُعو ُه ْم إِ َل ٌْ ِه ََّّللاُ ٌَ ْج َت ِبً إِ َل ٌْ ِه َمن ٌَ َشاء َو ٌَ ْه ِدي إِ َل ٌْ ِه َمن ٌُ ِنٌ ُب " ُ وقررال إبررراهٌم علٌرره السررالم: " َر َّب َنرا َوا ْج َع ْل َنرا ُم ْسرلِ َم ٌْ ِن َلر َك َو ِمر ْن ُذ ِّر ٌَّ ِت َنرا أ َّمر ًل ُم ْسرلِ َم ًل َلر َك َ َ َوأ ِر َنا َم َنا ِس َك َنا َو ُت ْب َع َل ٌْ َنا إِ َّن َك أ ْن َت ال َّت َّوا ُب ال َّر ٌِ ُم " According to Ibn Kathir, quoting from Imam Bukhari, it was between Adam and Noah ten centuries, all on Islam, "and people were after Ismail on Islam to tell them the devil and the response from Islam, is still up to bring them out from Islam to polytheism," and indicates that the spread of Islam in the land between people before Noah and invited them to single out Allah alone in worship is not a partner is also God Almighty apostles after him, and who are all his descendants to call people to Islam, and to perform his statutes of prayer, fasting, Zakat and Hajj

قرال تعررالى:" َو َل َقر ْد أَ ْر َسر ْل َنا ُنو ًِرا َوإِ ْبر َرا ِهٌ َم َو َج َع ْل َنرا ِفرً ُذ ِّر ٌَّ ِت ِه َمرا ال ُّن ُبر َّو َة َوا ْل ِك َترا َب َف ِمر ْن ُه ْم ُم ْه َت ٍد َو َك ِثٌ ٌر ِم ْن ُه ْم َفا ِسقُو َن " أي كل نبً من بعد نوح من ذرٌته.

Annex V: Mosque tribal It was said that the first built by Adam, peace be upon him, and some accounts mention that the first was built

42 by Jacob peace be upon him, and then renovated by David, completed by Solomon peace be upon them, and when he presented the Omar bin Khattab of the Holy House, opening, and the income from the door of the Prophet, which is next to the road to Mecca looked right and left in the courtyard of Al-Aqsa Mosque, and then said: This is no god but He, the Mosque of Suleiman bin Daoud peace be upon them, which tells us by the Prophet peace be upon him that I see it, "said Omar bin al-Khattab took the Muslims here mosque to pray in that next to the sacred rock, which ascended Messenger of God peace be upon him when he stopped by. According to historians, the Omar Bin Al Khattab, found a place of the mosque tribal covered garbage went, and everyone his mantle and filled with debris, companions did the same work, and got rid of all the dirt at the site of the mosque, tribal, and built a mosque made of wood capacity for three thousand people, and ordered Bilal Adhan for the prayer, was the first After building his call Muhammadiyah, and continued until the end of this building the rule of Muawiya bin Abi Sufyan, and construction was his second in the reign of Abdul Malik bin Marwan, and the current building renovated attributable to the Fatimid era.

Annex VI

Rock and the Nozzle, which ascended from the Messenger of Allah peace be upon him

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t says in the Hadith (and what was the night my family I have come to the Holy House, Fajrq Jibril stressed the Rock Gym) talk properly

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Annex VII Dome of the Rock

Rock stone the color blue is not a regular shape Khjarp the mountain, and the clear violation of the Rock, which is God Almighty Moses peace be upon him to be taken before him, and continued to rock the kiss until the beginning of the Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him for a period of 17 months, and was the first building of the Dome of the Rock after the mission Muhammadiyah in the reign of the Umayyad Caliph Abdul Malik bin Marwan, and monitoring of the construction of outlying areas of Egypt 7 years so it was said that the doors had been usual plates of gold and silver, as the Saladin restored the mosque after the expulsion of the Crusaders and conquered Jerusalem, and was transferred stone by himself with others, and wash the walls of the mosque with water 3 times and then washed with rose water 3 times to purify it, because the Crusaders were going to be blessed with a view to the rock and cut off large parts of them even sold in Constantinople and Sicily weight in gold.

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Annex VIII Omari Mosque

t was built by the best Ben Salah al-Din year 569 AH in the position that the blessings of Omar Bin Al Khattab may Allah be pleased with him, when he refused to pray inside the Church of the Resurrection.

Annex IX The difference between the name of Zion and Zionism There are in this neighborhood mosque of the Prophet David, peace be upon him which is furnished with fine carpets and has his grave covered with green cloth Webster embroidered in gold center strings (Iadawd Verily We put thee on earth and so judge between men in truth) the verse. The Jews were placed on a grave, cover it and the blue Star of David. There is also a mosque, it is called the mosque the top (called by historians Hall Disciples of Christ) and to his attic Mount Zion is the subject of the round, which landed on Jesus and the Disciples, and when the occupation of the Crusaders Jerusalem have renovated the mosque, the top and they visit him

46 frequently that the document was issued from the Caliph Ottoman 1524 prohibiting Christians from entering the upper chamber and turned in 1551 into a mosque and after a century of time allowed for Christians to visit the place, but without the celebration of the Eucharist, as they call.

Supplement X

Place of the Lord's Supper on Mount Zion above the mosque of the Prophet David

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Supplement atheist tenth

Map of Arab migration from the island to Palestine

Annex XII Jews and the Hebrews

The clergy of the Jews found that the best way I can follow to link the oldest ages, is the Hebrew term used to denote the Jews even have a date online in Palestine.

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Who are the Hebrews? And who are the sons of Israel? Are the Arab tribes, "nomads" dwelt in the desert region south of Mesopotamia and to the Prophet Jacob, peace be upon him (1), and then push them dry to sneak west towards the Jordan River and the valleys of Palestine, and remember the Torah that was able them to enter Palestine was forced to leave for their poverty, Vhagroa toEgypt, and lived there until he emigrated with Moses peace be upon him until the outskirts of Jerusalem.

1 - The children of Israel understand Jacob aka Israel, peace be upon him (as reported in Musnad Ahmad).

Map migration Hebrews Arabs (the people of Jacob, peace be upon him and the children of Israel from Egypt to Palestine

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Annex XIII The difference between ancient Hebrew and modern Hebrew: -

The historians that the Hebrews used to speak dialects of the people hosting them, They described in Aramaic, while they lived north-east of the Arabian Peninsula, in Egypt, spoke of the ancient Egyptian language, and when they cross into Palestine, called these nomads Alabbaranyen for crossing the River Jordan and the Dead Sea and spoke in Hebrew, which is a mixture of Arabic dialects different , and some argue that the language Hebrew language was revealed by the sacred laws of the Torah, I do not know where they come from this sacred, as the Torah, which the evil ones to Moses peace be upon him, came in the ancient Egyptian, Hebrew did not go down because they were not yet known. This was confirmed by historians, including a. Dr. Fuad Hussein, in his book (the Torah hieroglyphics) Even the Talmud written in Aramaic, the language, Hebrew has ceased to exist is no longer spoken by one until the century in 1919 when I took groups of Zionist Jews in Eastern Europe to renew speak Hebrew, and the introduction of words and new forms of modern life, has been recognized in Hebrew, Modern under the British Mandate and the language has become the official addition to Arabic and English, and must be aware that the modern Hebrew used in Israel is different from the Hebrew in their voices and vocabulary as little scholars acoustics and linguistics.

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Annex XIV Treaty Al-omaria:

According to the Treaty age that occurred between the Patriarch and the Caliph Omar ibn al-Khattab as historians call it does not live with them one of the Jews was that item at the behest of the Patriarch of Iilia and senior bishops are still present Covenant, which gave the inhabitants of Jerusalem preserved the servants of the Church of the Resurrection, and is the oldest international charter high calls for respect for religious Christian and Muslim, has ensured them of religious freedom and respect for the viewer of Christianity in the city and impose tribute on them.

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Annex XV Zionist plan of 1948 -2009

First: eat the occupied Arab

مشروع شارون مشروع باراك بعد حرب 691 تقسيم فلسطين فلسطين قبل التقسيم

II: (a) the building of settlements to residential Zionist hardliners are in fact colonies of Israeli security held in the West Bank and Gaza, which began months ago, the first of its occupation in 1967, and settlement process, distort the infrastructure and superstructure of the Arab population, where the rape of their land and their homes

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and their water and uproot their trees and monuments , were not satisfied with that, but worked on the protection of these settlements in several ways, including:

 establishment of military roadblocks to protect the inhabitants of the settlements and block Palestinian traffic from one neighborhood to another neighborhood that was after the number of such hurdler 24 barrier .. Became the number 333 and then 763 as a barrier and become the road map, which cut the distance in 20 minutes ...Cut in 5 hours due to stand Asaker Zionists at the checkpoints and searched. They also create ways to bypass even Atmar Palestinian cars next to the settlements and destroy the lives of the ordinary individual Muslim.  Anchawa and the barrier is higher than the Berlin Wall and around the electrical wires leading to the division of one neighborhood to neighborhood.  use of rubber bullets, which is a metal cylinder surrounded by a thin layer of rubber, when penetrate the skull, creating a corridor in the head and difficult to remove this as well as the use of internationally banned bombs.  blockade of political, social and economic starvation, isolation and denial of access to medicines and destruction of hospitals and mosques, and the closure of the crossings and intimidate the peaceful population in their home countries.  numerous attempts to blow up the Al-Aqsa mosque and burned, and the massacres that took place within it addressed by the children and youth in the Palestinian uprisings.  stolen some of the stones of ancient Al-Aqsa Mosque, and installed in the Knesset, the Jewish, on the basis of it

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from the Temple of Solomon.  campaign "pull back" Zionism to storm Al-Aqsa Mosque, which failed on Thursday, 23 \ 4 \ 2009. The Association of Trustees of the Lord and other hardline Zionists under the pretext of cleansing the Al Aqsa Mosque of the Arabs of the occupiers, (and God and the world knows that they are occupiers).  digging tunnels from Silwan to the Wailing Wall pass under Al-Aqsa Mosque and the mosque tribal tourists to deliver to him, no doubt that this will lead to an earthquake, and the demolition of the Aqsa Mosque which threatens World War III.

Supplement Aav tenth Statistically the number of Jews in Jerusalem throughout history

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Annex XVII Cause fear today's Jews of the stones children of Palestine Emerged David peace be upon him in the battle against Goliath, the governor of Palestine and enable the David who killed Goliath, he went along with the Hebrews Muslims, and Jews, as narrated by Ibn Katheer in his book Stories of the Prophets (when issued Goliath and raising his sword to Ibarz David peace be upon him and did not find him a sword, but found him Mqlaa puts the stone said to him, Goliath where your weapon Otznni dog kill me with a stone, stoned David peace be upon him the stone and said the name of Allah the Merciful, hitting between the eyes and pierced his skull and killed him), it is known that David, peace be upon him, was a shepherd and is aimed stone from the slingshot afflicts its wolf or animal predator to protect the sheep, in spite of crossing David peace be upon him and his fellow Muslims and

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Jews, but that the Arabs of Palestine from the Canaanites did not leave their country and everyone lived together under the rule of David and Solomon, the Prophets peace be upon them Muslims.

Important Note: It is spring here fear the Zionists in the centuries 19 and 20 m from the stones children of Palestine. For more information see the book Stories of the Prophets by Ibn Kathir, Sheikh Sharawi

Annex XVIII Jerusalem Islamic Waqf does not accept the negotiated since the days of Uncle Ben as the discourse There are bright pages in the history of Islam as a whole caliphs and rulers to Palestine, Jerusalem and the cease- Islamic, there is no one is entitled to negotiate them, in

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Al-Ramla Treaty, refused to Saladin to negotiate with the Crusaders in any matter concerns Jerusalem, they taught that it is a red line can not be negotiated about, Although the Ramle Magistrate's exposure in its provisions to other cities and ports of the Levant. As well as when he entered the Sultan Selim I to Jerusalem in the year 922 AH learned that the Jews intend to immigrate to the Sinai on the basis that it includes the Holy Valley (rolled up) a place which he spoke when their God of Judah, the Prophet Moses, peace be upon him, (and believe) issued a firman to prevent Jews from immigrating to the Sinai , so as not to think of immigration to Jerusalem and steal it.And also when he took the Sultan Abdul Hamid, and he came up foreign embassies in millions of money and gold invites him to allow Jews to enter Jerusalem, but he refused, as well as the continued resistance of Muhammad Ali Pasha of Jewish settlement in Jerusalem, but was allowed to live only a minority, and the situation continues to be commissioned by Britain Palestine and the granting of the Jews through the Balfour Declaration in 1917 the State of Palestine a homeland for them, and then withdrew, and then announced the Zionist Israeli state in 1948.

Annex XIX Career Americans in the modern era in the Arab identity of Jerusalem

Received the views of Jerusalem in the writings of American missionaries in the nineteenth century show the Arab identity of Jerusalem and its inhabitants as they arrived to the following results after the research and survey:

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1. That the majority of Jerusalem's population were Muslims. 2. Small number of Jewish population in Jerusalem in the second and third decades of the nineteenth century compared to the number of Muslims. 3. And a number of Christian population of Arabs, Copts, Armenians and Greeks in Jerusalem, increasing the number of Jews. 4. Predominance of the Islamic character of the city of Jerusalem spread through mosques, chapels and the minarets. 5. Limited presence of religious Jews in Jerusalem as a result of lack of preparation / and is the scarcity of their temples and their stay in the (ghetto) area of dirt neglected. 6. Refute the allegations of the existence of the Zionist structure of the Solomon peace be upon him.

Annex XX International law

There is no principle in international law recognizes a country like Israel, which was established in the twentieth century the right to claim the succession of another State remains one of thirty centuries have not lasted only 75 years of history to the kingdom, which was held after the death of Solomon peace be upon him and became extinct Unlike the Palestinians Canaanites who live in Jerusalem through times, even during and after the presence of David and Solomon, peace be upon them there.

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Twenty per Supplement

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Skip the twenty-first Supplement

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Annex XXII

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Seasons

Leave the Salah al-Din raised the moral and material still remain today in the memory of the people Philistines. There is still a campaign issue Iftikhar Salahuddin and national pride. He also arranged Salahuddin seasons and holidays, known in Palestine since his reign, including the season-Hussein, Wadi ants Ashkelon, and the season of the Prophet Moses to the people of Jerusalem to Jericho and season Karni for the people of Gaza, and make it a season of the Prophet Moses, and the season of Nabi Saleh in Ramle, and the season-Nabi Rubin in Jaffa, the People come from every corner of the world, to places such seasons, each in his time and season, are the order of presentation of goods on the various forms and colors, are also set swings for children, after the end of the season people get to Jerusalem, along with their horses and their strength and their weapons, carrying their flags it was every family aware of special them.

The people of Nablus, making it usually comes out residents of Jabal Nablus flags even if they come to the outskirts of Jerusalem, shoot and play horse riding games and come out the people of Jerusalem to receive them until Idechlohm Haram al-Sharif, and two days later, everybody to receive the people of Hebron Vtkon Jerusalem filled with Muslims enthusiasts who inflict terror in the Franks then the hearts of pilgrims heading to the shrine of the Prophet Moses, carrying their flags along the road between Jerusalem and Jericho and at the same time directed the masses of Christians to the Baptism in the

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Jordan River, and then return after the end of the pilgrimage all Christians to each his own. The reason for this is that the Crusaders had repeatedly reneged on the Covenant, Salah al-Din was afraid if they entered Jerusalem, pilgrims or visitors to turn against the soldiers occupying Jerusalem.

Skip Annex XXII Season of the Prophet Moses peace be upon him One who created seasons Saladin

Find sources and references Sources: . the Holy Quran. . Old Testament.

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