DOCSLIB.ORG

Determinants of Tree Susceptibility to Attack by the Red Alder Bark Beetle, Alniphagus Aspericollis (Leconte) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Determinants of Tree Susceptibility to Attack by the Red Alder Bark Beetle, Alniphagus Aspericollis (Leconte) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Determinants of tree susceptibility to attack by the red alder bark beetle, Alniphagus aspericollis (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Thesis by: Tristan Takaro Under the supervision of: Dr. Allan Carroll and Dr. Peter Marshall In partial fulfillment for the requirements of the degree of Bachelor of Science in Forest Sciences The University of British Columbia Faculty of Forestry Department of Forest Sciences 2013 (Submitted April 22nd, 2013) Table of contents - Introduction …………………………..............………… Page 3 - Materials and Methods …………………..............……... Page 9 o Study area ………………………..............……... Page 9 o Plot selection and description ..................……..... Page 9 o Bark beetle attack census …................................. Page 10 o Statistical analysis …………..............……..…… Page 11 - Results ……………………..............…………………… Page 12 o Study area ………………………………………. Page 12 o Bark beetle attack census ………………………. Page 13 - Discussion …………………..............………………….. Page 16 Index of tables and figures - Table 1 ….......................................................................... Page 11 - Table 2 …………………............................…………….. Page 14 - Table 3 ……………..............…..............……..……..….. Page 14 - Table 4 ………..............…………................………..….. Page 14 - Figure 1 ………..............……..…..............…………..…. Page 10 - Figure 2 ………....................……..............…………..…. Page 15 - Figure 3 ……....................……..............……………..…. Page 15 - Figure 4 …………………………………………………. Page 16 Abstract The immeasurable effect that bark beetles can have on forest ecosystems provides justification for the close study of bark beetle populations. Bark beetles that attack hardwoods have not been as extensively studied as those that attack coniferous species, and the red alder bark beetle in particular has received very little attention. Alniphagus aspericollis is a bivoltine “secondary” bark beetle that specializes on red alder. In this observational study in Vancouver, British Columbia several tree characteristics are assessed for their relationship with the likelihood of the tree being attacked by the bark beetle using logistic regression analysis. It was found that diameter at breast height (DBH) did not significantly affect the likelihood of attack, and that the level of injury of a tree is a good predictor of its likelihood of being attacked by the bark beetle. Keywords: bark beetle, secondary, Vancouver, British Columbia, injury, injuries, likelihood, diameter, DBH. Introduction Bark beetles are widely recognized as one of the most prominent and pervasive disturbance agents of the temperate forests of the world (Avtzis et al. 2012). They have been particularly destructive in North America, which is the native home to a majority of the tree-killing species of bark beetles (Stark 1995). They can devastate entire landscapes of trees during population outbreaks, causing drastic ecological and economic ramifications (Simard et al. 2012). Even when the trees are not killed, as commonly occurs with low population densities of several bark beetle species, they are commonly weakened by the attacks of the beetle which predisposes them to death by windthrow or pathogens. The immeasurable effect that bark beetles can have on forest ecosystems provides justification for the close study of bark beetle populations. The abundance of suitable host material (in terms of stand basal area and the abundance of large-diameter trees) and the stress level of the stand have been cited as key factors affecting the susceptibility of stands to bark beetle infestations (Simard et al. 2012). Among other factors, the density of attacks on an individual susceptible tree is related to the distance from that tree to a tree with emerging beetles (Cates and Alexander 1982). For the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) tree mortality can be a result of stress associated with mechanical damage from construction, logging and vandalism among other stress-linked factors (Haverty et al. 1998). The plant stress hypothesis and the environmental constraint hypothesis both predict that changes in plant defenses of stressed plants cause decreased resistance of those plants to insect attack (Bleiker et al. 2005). During population outbreaks bark beetles in general are known to preferentially attack larger-diameter trees (Simard et al. 2012; Cates and Alexander 1982), but some species behave differently. The majority of bark beetles are known to preferentially attack weakened trees but the opposite can also occur in the case of population outbreaks of “primary” bark beetles (Avtzis et al. 2012). Bark beetles are considered to be “primary” if they preferentially attack and kill vigorous trees (Marchetti et al. 2011). A bark beetle is considered “secondary” if it is most often observed to reproduce in trees that are weakened or recently killed or in slash (Teen 2012). High stand and individual tree susceptibility to bark beetle attack has been found to be closely linked with defoliation of the stand or tree, and this pattern has been observed in several bark beetle- conifer systems (Bowers et al. 1996). In a 2009 study on a secondary bark beetle known as Pseudips mexicanus, every attacked tree was observed to have some amount of scarring, a broken top, or a dwarf mistletoe infection (Smith et al. 2009). Bark beetle species that infest coniferous trees have been more heavily studied than those that affect hardwood species, possibly due to the fact that the majority of phloemophagous bark beetle species are exclusive to conifers, as are the majority of tree-killing species (Ohmart 1989). This could be attributed to the qualitative complexity of induced responses of angiosperms to inoculation by fungal associates of bark beetles and the effectiveness of this response, or to the greater difference between costs and nutritive benefits of attacking hardwoods than conifers (Ohmart 1989). One hardwood-attacking bark beetle, the banded elm bark beetle (Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov), was found to have similar attack success as measured by the density of exit holes in 10-cm and 24-cm (diameter at breast height, DBH) bolts of Siberian elm, Ulmus pumila L. (Lee et al. 2011). S. schevyrewi is native to Asia, was first observed in North America in 2003, and has since expanded to occur in 28 US states and four Canadian provinces (Lee et al. 2011). A native elm bark beetle, Hylurgopinus rufipes Eichhoff, was found to occur in very low densities on trees with < 10 cm DBH (Anderson and Holliday 2003). H. rufipes is one of the most destructive hardwood bark beetles because it is a vector for Dutch elm disease (Anderson and Holliday 2003), and S. schevyrewi may be a vector for it as well (Lee et al. 2011). Interestingly Anderson and Holliday also found that the densities of entrance holes was very low in trees with DBH < 10 cm but densities plateau at approximately 3 holes per 100 cm2 (300 per m2) once DBH reaches about 20 cm (Anderson and Holliday 2003). They also found that overwintering beetles were almost always found in the lower 25 cm of the bole, likely due to the thicker bark there providing more protection from the weather (Anderson and Holliday 2003). Yet another elm bark beetle, Scolytus kashmirensis, has been observed to prefer trees that are older and taller for feeding (Buhroo 2012). In a study on the dieback of ash in Slovakia bark beetles of the Hylesinus genus (fraxini and crenatus species) were found to preferentially attack ash trees that were weakened by a pathogen that causes patches of bark necrosis (Kunca et al. 2011). Red alder is a common, short-lived hardwood tree in the Pacific Northwest. While individual trees can live for over 100 years, stands of red alder typically “break up” at around 50-70 years of age depending on site productivity (Deal 2006). In the Pacific Northwest mortality of red alder is said to increase rapidly in stands over 90 years old, and very few red alder trees remain once the stand has reached 130 years (Deal 2006). Red alder plays an important role as a both a nitrogen-fixer and a pioneer species that is good at colonizing new sites with exposed mineral soil. The species has traditionally been viewed as having low economic value relative to the species which eventually replace it with succession (Douglas-fir, Western hemlock, Sitka spruce, etc.) in the Pacific Northwest and it was widely considered to be a “weedy” species (Deal 2006). In a general technical report by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) published in 2006 prices of red alder sawlogs were said to equal or exceed those of Douglas-fir sawlogs (Deal 2006). While red alder lumber hasn’t been valued very highly in the past, demand for it has continually increased in the recent past (Deal 2006), providing economic incentive to understand more about the insects that infest it. Much of the study of the insects that infest red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) has focused on defoliators while bark beetles have not received as much attention (Deal 2006; Niemiec et al. 1995; Markham and Chanway 1998; Myers and Williams 1987). A species of ambrosia beetle described as new in 1984 and named Gnathotrichus alniphagus was found on Alnus firmifolia in southwest Morelos, Mexico (Wood 1984). The alder bark beetle (Alniphagus aspericollis LeConte) is a specialist on red alder and has been found to occur throughout the range of its host (Borden 1969). The species was originally described under the genus Hylesinus by LeConte in 1876 (Chamberlin
Load more

Recommended publications
  • DEFOLIATORS Insect Sections
    Alaska. Reference is made to this map in selected DEFOLIATORS insect sections. (Precipitation information from Schwartz, F.K., and Miller, J.F. 1983. Probable maximum precipitation and snowmelt criteria for Fewer defoliator plots (27 plots) were visited during southeast Alaska: National Weather Service the 1999 aerial survey than in previous years (52 plots) Hydrometeorological Report No. 54. 115p. GIS layer throughout southeast Alaska. An effort was made to created by: Tim Brabets, 1997. distribute these plots evenly across the archipelago. URL:http://agdc.usgs.gov/data/usgs/water) The objectives during the 1999 season were to: ¨ Spend more time covering the landscape during Spruce Needle Aphid the aerial survey, Elatobium abietinum Walker ¨ Allow more time to land and identify unknown mortality and defoliation, and Spruce needle aphids feed on older needles of Sitka ¨ Avoid visit sites that were hard to get to and had spruce, often causing significant amounts of needle few western hemlocks. drop (defoliation). Defoliation by aphids cause reduced tree growth and can predispose the host to Hemlock sawfly and black-headed budworm larvae other mortality agents, such as the spruce beetle. counts were generally low in 1999 as they were in Severe cases of defoliation alone may result in tree 1998. The highest sawfly larvae counts were from the mortality. Spruce in urban settings and along marine plots in Thorne Bay and Kendrick Bay, Prince of shorelines are most seriously impacted. Spruce aphids Wales Island. Larval counts are used as a predictive feed primarily in the lower, innermost portions of tree tool for outbreaks of defoliators. For example, if the crowns, but may impact entire crowns during larval sample is substantially greater in 1999, then an outbreaks.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence and Implications of Recent and Projected Climate Change in Alaska’S Forest Ecosystems 1, 2 1 3 4 JANE M
    Evidence and implications of recent and projected climate change in Alaska’s forest ecosystems 1, 2 1 3 4 JANE M. WOLKEN, TERESA N. HOLLINGSWORTH, T. SCOTT RUPP, F. STUART CHAPIN, III, SARAH F. TRAINOR, 5 6 7 3 8 TARA M. BARRETT, PATRICK F. SULLIVAN, A. DAVID MCGUIRE, EUGENIE S. EUSKIRCHEN, PAUL E. HENNON, 9 10 11 8 1 ERIK A. BEEVER, JEFF S. CONN, LISA K. CRONE, DAVID V. D ’AMORE, NANCY FRESCO, 8 3 12 11 13 THOMAS A. HANLEY, KNUT KIELLAND, JAMES J. KRUSE, TRISTA PATTERSON, EDWARD A. G. SCHUUR, 14 14 DAVID L. VERBYLA, AND JOHN YARIE 1Scenarios Network for Alaska and Arctic Planning, University of Alaska, 3352 College Road, Fairbanks, Alaska 99709 USA 2United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Boreal Ecology Cooperative Research Unit, P.O. Box 756780, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775 USA 3Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775 USA 4Alaska Center for Climate Assessment and Policy, University of Alaska, 3352 College Road, Fairbanks, Alaska 99709 USA 5United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Anchorage Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3301 C Street, Suite 200, Anchorage, Alaska 99503 USA 6Environment and Natural Resources Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska 99508 USA 7United States Geological Survey, Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775 USA 8United States Department of Agriculture Forest
    [Show full text]
  • Alder Canopy Dieback and Damage in Western Oregon Riparian Ecosystems
    Alder Canopy Dieback and Damage in Western Oregon Riparian Ecosystems Sims, L., Goheen, E., Kanaskie, A., & Hansen, E. (2015). Alder canopy dieback and damage in western Oregon riparian ecosystems. Northwest Science, 89(1), 34-46. doi:10.3955/046.089.0103 10.3955/046.089.0103 Northwest Scientific Association Version of Record http://cdss.library.oregonstate.edu/sa-termsofuse Laura Sims,1, 2 Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, 1085 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 Ellen Goheen, USDA Forest Service, J. Herbert Stone Nursery, Central Point, Oregon 97502 Alan Kanaskie, Oregon Department of Forestry, 2600 State Street, Salem, Oregon 97310 and Everett Hansen, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, 1085 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 Alder Canopy Dieback and Damage in Western Oregon Riparian Ecosystems Abstract We gathered baseline data to assess alder tree damage in western Oregon riparian ecosystems. We sought to determine if Phytophthora-type cankers found in Europe or the pathogen Phytophthora alni subsp. alni, which represent a major threat to alder forests in the Pacific Northwest, were present in the study area. Damage was evaluated in 88 transects; information was recorded on damage type (pathogen, insect or wound) and damage location. We evaluated 1445 red alder (Alnus rubra), 682 white alder (Alnus rhombifolia) and 181 thinleaf alder (Alnus incana spp. tenuifolia) trees. We tested the correlation between canopy dieback and canker symptoms because canopy dieback is an important symptom of Phytophthora disease of alder in Europe. We calculated the odds that alder canopy dieback was associated with Phytophthora-type cankers or other biotic cankers.
    [Show full text]
  • Bees, Wasps & Ants
    Sheringham and Beeston Regis Commons SSSI / SAC FAUNA: Hymenoptera INSECTA (Pterygota) Family/Order English Name. Scientific Name. Authority. Grid Ref. Tetrad/ Last Km sq. Common. Record. HYMENOPTERA. PAMPHILIDAE: Sawfly. Pamphilius inanitus (Villers, 1789) TG1642 1987? (Bees, Wasps and Ants) ARGIDAE: Elm Zig-zag Sawfly. Aproceros leucopoda Takeuchi, 1939 TG1642 14R/B 2020 Bramble Sawfly. Arge cyaneocrocea (Forster, 1771) TG1642 2016 Sawfly. Arge gracilicornis (Klug, 1814 ) TG1642 1987? CIMBICIDAE: Honeysuckle Sawfly. Abia lonicerae (Linnaeus) TG1641 14Q/B 2015 Club-horned Sawfly. Abia sericera (Linnaeus) TG1642 14R/B 2014 Club-horned Sawfly. Zaraea fasciata Linnaeus, 1758 TG1641/42 14R,14Q/B 2014 Birch Sawfly. Cimbex femoratus (Linnaeus, 1758) TG1642 14R/B 2017 SIRICIDAE: Greater Horntail Wasp. Urocerus gigas (Linnaeus, 1758) TG1642 14R/S 1992 CEPHIDAE: Sawfly. Calameuta pallipes (Klug, 1803) TG1642 1987? TENTHREDINIDAE: Willow Sawfly. Pontania proxima (Lepeletier, 1823) TG1642 14R/BS 2009 Willow Sawfly. Eupontania pedunculi (Hartig, 1837) TG1642 14R/B 1999 Willow Sawfly. Eupontainia viminalis (Linnaeus, 1758) TG1642 14R/B 2002 Willow Sawfly. Pontainia bridgemanii (Cameron, 1883) TG1642 14R/B 1999 Sawfly. Caliroa annulipes (Klug, 1816) TG1642 14R/S 2002 Hazel Sawfly. Craesus septentrionalis (Linnaeus, 1758) TG1641 14Q/B 2017 Sawfly. Blennocampa phyllocolpa Viitasaari & Vikberg, 1985 TG1642/41 14R,14Q/B 2003 Sawfly. Selandria serva (Fabricius, 1793) TG1642 14R/B 2013 Sawfly. Aneugmenus padi (Linnaeus, 1761) TG1642 1987? Bracken Sawfly. Strongylogaster multifasciata (Geoffroy, 1785) TG1642 14R/BS 2020 Sawfly. Dichrodolerus vestigialis (Klug, 1818) TG1642 1996 Sawfly. Dolerus germanicus (Fabricius, 1775) TG1642 1987? Sawfly. Eutomostethus ephippium (Panzer, 1798) TG1642 14R/BS 2020 Sawfly. Poodolerus aeneus Hartig, 1837 TG1642 1987? Sawfly. Dolerus brevitarus Hartig TG1642 1987? Sawfly.
    [Show full text]
  • Arthropod Community Structure in Regenerating Douglas-Fir and Red Alder Forests: Influences of Geography, Tree Diversity and Density
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Brett L. Schaerer for the degree of Master of Science in Entomology presentedon March 17, 2000. Title: Arthropod Community Structure in Regenerating Douglas-fir and Red Alder Forests: Influences of Geography, Tree Diversity and Density Abstract approved: Redacted for privacy Timothy D. Schowalter The structuring of canopy arthropod communities was reviewed and investigated in relation to tree species diversity and its component factors, interspersion of different species and density of each tree species. Fifteen treatments of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and red alder (Alnus rubra) (various densities and proportions of each)were randomly assigned to 0.073 ha plots, replicated three-fold at each of two locations in Western Oregon: the Cascade Head Experimental Forest and the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest. The six treatments used in this studywere two densities of Douglas-fir and red alder monoculture (1000 trees/ha and 500 trees/ha), and mixtures of Douglas-fir and red alder (500 trees/ha of each) planted simultaneouslyor red alder planted 6 years after the Douglas-fir. Trees were initially planted in 1985-1986. The arthropod communities were sampled in the summer of 1998 by bagging and pruning branches from the mid-canopy of both tree species. Multivariate analyses distinguished the arthropod communities foundon each tree species and geographical location, but not among the different diversity and density treatments. Many arthropod taxa and functional groups residingon a single tree species had significantly different abundances between locations. Themost commonly encountered taxon, Adelges cooleyi Gillette (Homoptera: Adelgidae),was most abundant on Douglas-firs in the 500 trees/ha monoculture and the mixture with younger red alder, and least abundant in the mixture with both species planted simultaneously (the1000 trees/ha Douglas-fir monoculture was intermediate).
    [Show full text]
  • New Curculionoidea Records from New Brunswick, Canada with an Addition to the Fauna of Nova Scotia
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 573: 367–386 (2016)New Curculionoidea records from New Brunswick, Canada... 367 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.573.7444 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research New Curculionoidea records from New Brunswick, Canada with an addition to the fauna of Nova Scotia Reginald P. Webster1, Robert S. Anderson2, Vincent L. Webster3, Chantelle A. Alderson3, Cory C. Hughes3, Jon D. Sweeney3 1 24 Mill Stream Drive, Charters Settlement, NB, Canada E3C 1X1 2 Research Division, Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1P 6P4 3 Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service - Atlantic Forestry Centre, 1350 Regent St., P.O. Box 4000, Fredericton, NB, Canada E3B 5P7 Corresponding author: Reginald P. Webster ([email protected]) Academic editor: J. Klimaszewski | Received 7 December 2015 | Accepted 11 January 2016 | Published 24 March 2016 http://zoobank.org/EF058E9C-E462-499A-B2C1-2EC244BFA95E Citation: Webster RP, Anderson RS, Webster VL, Alderson CA, Hughes CC, Sweeney JD (2016) New Curculionoidea records from New Brunswick, Canada with an addition to the fauna of Nova Scotia. In: Webster RP, Bouchard P, Klimaszewski J (Eds) The Coleoptera of New Brunswick and Canada: Providing baseline biodiversity and natural history data. ZooKeys 573: 367–386. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.573.7444 Abstract This paper presents 27 new records of Curculionoidea for the province of New Brunswick, Canada, in- cluding three species new to Canada, and 12 adventive species, as follows: Eusphryrus walshii LeConte, Choragus harrisii LeConte (newly recorded for Canada), Choragus zimmermanni LeConte (newly recorded for Canada) (Anthribidae); Cimberis pallipennis (Blatchley) (Nemonychidae); Nanophyes m.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation
    Chapter 6: Effects of Climate Change on Forest Vegetation in the Northern Rockies Region Robert E. Keane, Mary Frances Mahalovich, Barry L. Bollenbacher, Mary E. Manning, Rachel A. Loehman, Terrie B. Jain, Lisa M. Holsinger, Andrew J. Larson, and Meredith M. Webster Introduction simply shift to other areas of the landscape or become rare. Juxtaposed with climate change concerns are the consequences of other land management policies and past The projected rapid changes in climate will affect the activities, such as fire exclusion, fuels treatments, and graz- unique vegetation assemblages of the Northern Rockies ing. A thorough assessment of the responses of vegetation region in myriad ways, both directly through shifts in veg- to projected climate change is needed, along with an evalua- etation growth, mortality, and regeneration, and indirectly tion of the vulnerability of important species, communities, through changes in disturbance regimes and interactions and vegetation-related resources that may be influenced by with changes in other ecosystem processes, such as hydrol- the effects, both direct and indirect, of climate change. This ogy, snow dynamics, and exotic invasions (Bonan 2008; assessment must also account for past management actions Hansen and Phillips 2015; Hansen et al. 2001; Notaro et and current vegetation conditions and their interactions with al. 2007). These impacts, taken collectively, could change future climates. the way vegetation is managed by public land agencies in This chapter addresses the potential impacts of climate this area. Some species may be in danger of rapid decreases change on forest vegetation in the Forest Service, U.S. in abundance, while others may undergo range expansion Department of Agriculture (USFS) Northern Region and (Landhäusser et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Widespread Occurrence of Black-Orange-Black Color Pattern in Hymenoptera
    Journal of Insect Science, (2019) 19(2): 13; 1–12 doi: 10.1093/jisesa/iez021 Research Widespread Occurrence of Black-Orange-Black Color Pattern in Hymenoptera R. Mora1,2,3 and P. E. Hanson2 1Universidad de Costa Rica, Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular, Ciudad de la Investigación Postal 11501-2060, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, SJ, Costa Rica, 2Universidad de Costa Rica, Escuela de Biología, Apartado Postal 11501-2060, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, SJ, Costa Rica, and 3Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Subject Editor: Phyllis Weintraub Received 19 October 2018; Editorial decision 3 February 2019 Abstract Certain color patterns in insects show convergent evolution reflecting potentially important biological functions, for example, aposematism and mimicry. This phenomenon has been most frequently documented in Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, but has been less well investigated in Hymenoptera. It has long been recognized that many hymenopterans, especially scelionids (Platygastridae), show a recurring pattern of black head, orange/red mesosoma, and black metasoma (BOB coloration). However, the taxonomic distribution of this striking color pattern has never been documented across the entire order. The main objective of our research was to provide a preliminary tabulation of this color pattern in Hymenoptera, through examination of museum specimens and relevant literature. We included 11 variations of the typical BOB color pattern but did not include all possible variations. These color patterns were found in species belonging to 23 families of Hymenoptera, and was most frequently observed in scelionids, evaniids, and mutillids, but was relatively infrequent in Cynipoids, Diaprioids, Chalcidoids, and Apoids.
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae, Brachyceridae, Curculionidae) of the Prairies Ecozone in Canada
    143 Chapter 4 Weevils (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae, Brachyceridae, Curculionidae) of the Prairies Ecozone in Canada Robert S. Anderson Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1P 6P4 Email: [email protected] Patrice Bouchard* Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0C6 Email: [email protected] *corresponding author Hume Douglas Entomology, Ottawa Plant Laboratories, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Building 18, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0C6 Email: [email protected] Abstract. Weevils are a diverse group of plant-feeding beetles and occur in most terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. This chapter documents the diversity and distribution of 295 weevil species found in the Canadian Prairies Ecozone belonging to the families Dryophthoridae (9 spp.), Brachyceridae (13 spp.), and Curculionidae (273 spp.). Weevils in the Prairies Ecozone represent approximately 34% of the total number of weevil species found in Canada. Notable species with distributions restricted to the Prairies Ecozone, usually occurring in one or two provinces, are candidates for potentially rare or endangered status. Résumé. Les charançons forment un groupe diversifié de coléoptères phytophages et sont présents dans la plupart des écosystèmes terrestres et dulcicoles. Le présent chapitre décrit la diversité et la répartition de 295 espèces de charançons vivant dans l’écozone des prairies qui appartiennent aux familles suivantes : Dryophthoridae (9 spp.), Brachyceridae (13 spp.) et Curculionidae (273 spp.). Les charançons de cette écozone représentent environ 34 % du total des espèces de ce groupe présentes au Canada. Certaines espèces notables, qui ne se trouvent que dans cette écozone — habituellement dans une ou deux provinces — mériteraient d’être désignées rares ou en danger de disparition.
    [Show full text]
  • First-Year Progress Report
    Progress Report 1 October 2001 – 31 March 2004 CHEMICAL ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF FOREST INSECTS NSERC COOPERATIVE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT GRANT No. CRDPJ247613-01, and BC FORESTRY INNOVATION INVESTMENT GRANT NO. R04-055 with matching contributions from the following industrial sponsors: Abitibi Consolidated Inc., B.C. Hydro and Power Authority, Bugbusters Pest Management Inc., Canadian Forest Products Ltd., Gorman Bros. Ltd., International Forest Products Ltd., Lignum Ltd., Manning Diversified Forest Products Ltd., Millar-Western Forest Products Ltd., Phero Tech Inc., Riverside Forest Products Ltd., Slocan Forest Products Ltd., Tembec Forest Industries Ltd., TimberWest Forest Ltd., Tolko Industries Ltd., Weldwood of Canada Ltd., West Fraser Mills Ltd., Western Forest Products Ltd., and Weyerhaeuser Canada Ltd. by John H. Borden, RPF, RPBio, FRSC Professor Emeritus, Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby, B.C. V5A 1S6 1 April 2004 Executive Summary This project was originally intended for a two-year duration, beginning on 1 October 2001. It was supported by mainly by an NSERC Cooperative Research and Development Grant for $250,000 which matched equal contributions from the forest industry (19 companies collectively), and B.C. government agencies, Forest Renewal B.C. and its successor, Forestry Innovation Investment (FII). Because of delays in renewed funding by FII in the second year, the NSERC funding was extended for six months, so that the end dates of both the NSERC and FII grants were on 31 March 2004. The research on forest insects supported by this funding had three objectives: 1. to make fundamental discoveries based on rigorous experiments; 2. to identify those discoveries that have practical potential in forest pest management; and 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Red Alder: Forest Service Pacific Northwest a State of Knowledge Research Station General Technical Report PNW-GTR-669 March 2006
    United States Department of Agriculture Red Alder: Forest Service Pacific Northwest A State of Knowledge Research Station General Technical Report PNW-GTR-669 March 2006 U S U.S. Department of Agriculture Pacific Northwest Research Station 333 S.W. First Avenue P.O. Box 3890 Portland, OR 97208-3890 Technical Editors Robert L. Deal, research forester, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 620 SW Main Street, Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 Constance A. Harrington, research forester, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3625 93rd Ave. SW, Olympia, WA 98512-9193 Credits Cover, title page and section dividers photography by Constance A. Harrington and Leslie C. Brodie, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Olympia, WA 98512-9193; Andrew Bluhm, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331; and Erik Ackerson, Earth Design, Ink, Portland, OR 97202 Graphic designer: Erik Ackerson, Portland, OR 97202 Papers were provided by the authors in camera-ready form for printing. Authors are responsible for the content and accuracy. Opinions expressed may not necessarily reflect the position of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The use of trade or firm names is for information only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture of any product or service. Pesticide Precautionary Statement This publication reports on operations that may involve pesticides. It does not contain recommendations for their use, nor does it imply that the uses discussed here have been registered. All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate state or federal agencies, or both, before they can be recommended.
    [Show full text]
  • Insect Defoliation Studies on Red Alder (Alnus Rubra Bong)
    INSECT DEFOLIATION STUDIES ON RED ALDER (ALNUS RUBRA BONG.) ON BURNABY MDUNTAIN, B.C. Peter Muthigani B.Sc., University of East Africa, 1967 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE in the Department of Biological Sciences @ Peter ~uthigani Simon Fraser university August, 1971 APPROVAL Name : Peter ~uthigani Degree : Master of Science Title of Thesis: Insect defoliation studies on Red Alder (Alnus rubra ~ong.)on Burnaby Mountain, B.C, ~xaminingcommittee: Chairman: G .H, Geen Senior Supervisor J.H. Borden --. R.C. Brooke Date Approved: z(&~PI/ ABSTRACT Defoliation of A-lnus rubra Bong. saplings on Burnaby Mountain, B.C., between August 1970 and August 1971 was mainly caused by two chyrsomelid beetles, Pyrrhalta punctipennis (Mannerheim) and Altica ambiens Le Conte and one sawfly, EZiocampa ovata L. (Hymenoptera, ~enthredinidae). Insect damage was low until August. Between mid-~une and the autumn there was a progressive decline in the numbers of leaves per tree. The number of leaves damaged increased steadily from June on, but the proportion of each leaf damaged remained small until mid-August. After mid-August the damage per leaf increased rapidly, and by early September severe leaf damage was apparent. NO relationship was established between leaf surface lost to defoliators and stem wood volume increment or between residual leaf surface in the autumn and stem growth. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Paqe Examining Committee Approval ......................... ii Abstract .............................................. iii Table of Contents .................................... iv List of Tables ....................................... vi List of Figures ..................................... vii Acknowledgements ..................................... x Introduction .......................................... 1 Alnus rubra Bong. ............................... 1 I. Taxonomy ................................. 2 11.
    [Show full text]