The Nordic Languages An International Handbook of the History of the North Germanic Languages
Edited by Oskar Bandle (main editor) • Kurt Braunmiiller Ernst Hakon Jahr • Allan Karker Hans-Peter Naumann • Ulf Teleman Consulting Editors: Lennart Elmevik • Gun Widmark
Volume 2
Walter de Gruyter • Berlin • New York Contents
Volume 2 Preface V
Abbreviations XXII
XIII. From Old Nordic to Early Modern Nordic (from the mid-14th to the mid-16th century) 119. Per Ingesman, History of Scandinavia and sociocultural developments in the Late Middle Ages and in Early Modern Times 1059 120. Patrik Astrom, Manuscripts and bookprinting in Late Medieval Scandinavian and in Early Modern Times 1067 121. Jorgen Fafner, The development of metrics in Late Medieval and Early Modern Times 1076 122. Michael Schulte, Phonological developments from Old Nordic to Early Modern Nordic I: West Scandinavian 1081 123. Allan Karker, Phonological developments from Old Nordic to Early Modern Nordic II: Danish 1097 124. Tomas Riad, Phonological developments from Old Nordic to Early Modern Nordic III: Swedish 1102 125. Stig Eliasson, Phonological developments from Old Nordic to Early Modern Nordic IV: A typological and constrastive survey 1116 126. Endre M0rck, Morphological developments from Old Nordic to Early Modern Nordic: Inflexion and word formation 1128 127. Jan Terje Faarlund, Syntactic developments from Old Nordic to Early Modern Nordic ... 1149 128. Erik Simensen, Lexical developments in the Late Middle Ages 1161 129. Per-Axel Wiktorsson, The development of personal names in the Late Middle Ages 1171 130. Staffan Fridell, The development of place-names in the Late Middle Ages 1187 131. Lars Lonnroth, From Old Nordic to Early Modern Nordic: The development of types of text 1189 132. Reidar Astas, From Old Nordic to Early Modern Nordic: The language of the translations I: Icelandic and Norwegian translations 1195 133. Lars Wollin, From Old Nordic to Early Modern Nordic: The language of the translations II: Swedish and Danish translations . .. 1201 134. Gun Widmark, From Old Nordic to Early Modern Nordic: The development of oral and literary styles 1213 XII Contents/Volume 2
135. Kurt Braunmiiller, Language contacts in the Late Middle Ages and in Early Modern Times 1222 136. Jan Ragnar Hagland, Language loss and destandardization in the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Times 1233
XIV. The development of the Nordic languages from the mid-16th century to the end of the 18th century 137. Bernt Olsson, Historical and sociocultural preconditions of language in Scandinavia from the 16th to the end of the 18th century 1238 138. Per S. Ridderstad, Manuscripts and bookprinting from the mid-16th century to 1800 1244 139. J0rgen Fafner, The development of metrics from the mid-17th century to 1800 1252 140. Magnus Petursson, The development of Icelandic from the mid-16th century to 1800 1258 141. Kent Larsson, The development of Swedish from the mid-16th century to 1800 1270 142. Hanne Ruus, The development of Danish from the mid-16th century to 1800 1282 143. Oddvar Nes, The development of Norwegian local dialects and Dano-Norwegian from the mid-16th century to 1800 1291 144. Lena Ekberg, The development of the lexicon from the 16th to the end of the 18th century 1302 145. Bente Holmberg, The development of personal names from the 16th to the end of the 18th century I: Denmark 1314 146. Gudrun Utterstrom, The development of personal names from the 16th to the end of the 18th century II: Sweden 1317 147. Kristin Bakken, The development of personal names from the 16th to the end of the 18th century III: Norway '.' 1321 148. GuSrun Kvaran, The development of personal names from the 16th to the end of the 18th century IV: Iceland and Faroe Islands 1323 149. Mats Wahlberg, The development of place-names from the 16th to the end of the 18th century 1326 150. Gun Widmark/Inge Lise Pedersen/Helge Sand0y, The development of the Nordic languages from the mid-16th century to the end of the 18th century: Sociolinguistic aspects 1332 151. Bo-A. Wendt, The development of the types of text in the Nordic languages from the 16th to the end of the 18th century 1346 152. Lars Wollin, The significance of translations for linguistic developments from the 16th to the end of the 18th century: The case of Swedish 1357 153. Stig Orjan Ohlsson, Language contact in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries - the Kingdom of Sweden 1361 154. Ingrid Markussen, The role of schools and education from the 16th to the end of the 18th century 1369 155. Ulf Teleman, The role of language cultivators and grammarians for the Nordic linguistic development in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries 1379 Contents/Volume 2 XIII
XV. The Nordic languages in the 19th century 156. Kjell Ivar Vannebo, The impact of education and literacy on language development in the 19th century 1397 157. Arnold Dalen, Sources of written and oral languages in the 19th century 1406 158. Jorgen Fafner, The development of metrics in 19th century poetry . 1419 159. Arne Torp, The Nordic languages in the 19th century I: Phonology and orthography 1425 160. Hans-Olav Enger, The Nordic languages in the 19th century II: Morphology 1437 161. Sven-Goran Malmgren, The lexicon of the Nordic languages in the 19th century 1443 162. Odd Monsson, Nationalism and Scandinavianism in the development of the Nordic languages in the 19th century 1453 163. Tove Bull, Special linguistic developments in 19th-century Norway . 1468 164. Ann-Marie Ivars, Swedish in Finland in the 19th century 1476 165. Per Ledin, The development of the types of text in the 19th century 1483 166. Gun Widmark, Standard and colloquial languages in Scandinavia in the 19th century 1493 167. Lars Wollin, The language of 19th and 20th century translations I: Swedish 1506 168. Orla Vigs0, The language of 19th century translations II: Danish .. 1513 169. Sylfest Lomheim, The language of 19th century translations III: Norwegian 1515 170. VeturliSi Oskarsson, The language of 19th century translations IV: Icelandic 1518 171. Geirr Wiggen, A sociolinguistic profile of the Nordic languages in the 19th century 1523 172. Ernst Hakon Jahr, Russenorsk: Language contact in Scandinavia in the 19th century 1538 173. Birger Liljestrand, Stylistic developments in the Nordic languages in the 19th century '. 1542 174. Olle Josephson, Conversational culture in 19th century Scandinavia 1551
XVI. The Nordic languages in the 20th century 175. Kristjan Arnason, The standard languages and their systems in the 20th century I: Icelandic 1560 176. Michael P. Barnes, The standard languages and their systems in the 20th century II: Faroese 1574 177. John Ole Askedal, The standard languages and their systems in the 20th century III: Norwegian 1584 178. Ulf Teleman, The standard languages and their systems in the 20th century IV: Swedish 1603 179. Erik Hansen, The standard languages and their systems in the 20th century V: Danish 1626 180. Ernst Hakon Jahr, The special case of Norway in the 20th century: Language conflict and language planning 1635 XIV Contents/Volume 2
181. Mikael Reuter, Swedish in Finland in the 20th century 1647 182. Eva Lilja, Metrics in 20th century poetry 1657 183. Jan Svensson, Types of text in the Nordic languages of the 20th century 1665 184. Kjell Ivar Vannebo, Written language and oral colloquial language in the 20th century: A survey 1682 185. Goran Hallberg, Dialects and regional linguistic varieties in the 20th century I: Sweden and Finland 1691 186. Gunnstein Akselberg, Dialects and regional linguistic varieties in the 20th century II: Norway 1707 187. Inger Ejskja?r, Dialects and regional linguistic varieties in the 20th century III: Denmark 1721 188. GuSrun Kvaran, Written language and forms of speech in Icelandic in the 20th century 1742 189. Bjorn Hagstrom, Written language and forms of speech in Faroese in the 20th century 1750 190. Bengt Nordberg, Social stratification in the present-day Nordic languages I: Swedish 1759 191. Gunnstein Akselberg, Social stratification in the present-day Nordic languages II: Norwegian 1772 192. Inge Lise Pedersen, Social stratification in the present-day Nordic languages III: Danish 1780 193. GuSrun Kvaran, Social stratification in the present-day Nordic languages IV: Icelandic 1788 194. Michael P. Barnes, Social stratification in the present-day Nordic languages V: Faroese 1794 195. Jan Svensson, The language of broadcasting and television in the 20th century 1797 196. Jan Svensson, Trends in the linguistic development since 1945 I: Swedish 1804 197. Henrik Galberg Jacobsen, Trends in the linguistic development since 1945 II: Danish * 1815 198. Gunnstein Akselberg, Trends in the linguistic development since 1945 III: Norwegian 1823 199. Svavar Sigmundsson, Trends in the linguistic development since 1945 IV: Icelandic 1832 200. Hjalmar P. Petersen, Trends in the linguistic development since 1945 V: Faroese 1839 201. Ulf Teleman, Future perspectives for the history of the Nordic languages 1843
XVII. Special aspects of Nordic language history I: Typology 202. Helge Sand0y, The typological development of the Nordic languages I: Phonology 1852 203. John Ole Askedal, The typological development of the Nordic languages II: Morphology and syntax 1872 Contents/Volume 2 XV
XVIII. Special aspects of Nordic language history II: Social stratification 204. Inge Lise Pedersen, Sociolinguistic structures chronologically I: Danish 1887 205. Mats Thelander, Sociolinguistic structures chronologically II: Swedish 1896 206. Brit Maehlum, Sociolinguistic structures chronologically III: Norwegian 1907 207. Helge Sand0y, Sociolinguistic structures chronologically IV: Icelandic and Faroese 1923
XIX. Special aspects of Nordic language history III: Special languages and languages for specific purposes 208. Helge Omdal, Special languages and their social and functional dimensions I: Socially dependent varieties 1933 209. Christer Lauren, Special languages and their social and functional dimensions II: Languages for specific purposes and institutional linguistic varieties 1944 210. Tor Erik Jenstad, Special languages and their social and functional dimensions III: Slang 1950
XX. Special aspects of Nordic language history IV: Language cultivation and language planning 211. Henrik Galberg Jacobsen, Language cultivation and language planning I: Denmark 1960 212. Ulf Teleman, Language cultivation and language planning II: Sweden 1970 213. Einar Lundeby, Language cultivation and language planning III: Norway '. 1984 214. Kjartan Ottosson, Language cultivation and language planning IV: Iceland : 1997 215. Michael P. Barnes, Language cultivation and language planning V: Faroe Islands 2007 216. Kjell Venas, General tendencies in Nordic language cultivation and language planning 2013
XXI. Special aspects of Nordic language history V: Language contact 217. Ulla Borestam Uhlmann, Interscandinavian language contact I: Internal communication and comprehensibility problems 2025 218. Bjorn Hagstrom, Interscandinavian language contact II: Linguistic influence 2032 219. Dagfinn Worren, Interscandinavian language contact III: The Norwegian form of bilingualism 2041 220. Stig Eliasson, Language contact outside Scandinavia I: In the Baltic 2048 XVI Contents/Volume 1
221. Anders Ahlqvist, Language contact outside Scandinavia II: with Celtic languages 2058 222. Karl Inge Sandred, Language contact outside Scandinavia HIT with England and Scotland 2062 223. Martin Gellerstam, Language contact outside Scandinavia IV: with France 2074 224. Hans Helander, Language contact outside Scandinavia V: Loans from Latin and Greek 2086 225. Vibeke Winge, Language contact outside Scandinavia VI: with Germany 2096 226. Lars S. Vik0r, Bilingualism in Schleswig, Finland, North Sweden, Northern Norway, the Faroe Islands and Greenland 2105 227. Ole Henrik Magga, Linguistic minorities in Scandinavia I: Indigenous minorities 2115 228. Kenneth Hyltenstam, Linguistic minorities in Scandinavia II: Immigrant minorities 2120 229. Nils Hasselmo, History of the Scandinavian emigrant languages ... 2127 230. Vibeke Winge, History of foreign languages in the Scandinavian countries 2141 Index of names 2149 Index of subjects 2182
Volume 1 I. Introduction 1. Lars S. Vik0r, The Nordic language area and the languages in the north of Europe 1 2. Arne Torp, The Nordic languages in a Germanic perspective 13 3. Oskar Bandle, Diachrony and synchrony in Nordic language history 25 4. Kjell Venas, Previous attempts at establishing periods in Nordic language history 31 5. Kjartan Ottosson, The data basis of a Nordic language history .... 38
II. Perspectives in research history I: From the beginnings to the middle of the 20th century 6. Oskar Bandle, Previous attempts at writing a Nordic language history 49 7. Stig Orjan Ohlsson, Outline of research on Nordic language history before 1800 60 8. Bente Holmberg, Research in Danish language history 1850-1950. An overview 68 9. Lennart Elmevik, Research in Swedish language history 1850-1950. An overview 76 10. Helge Sand0y, Research in Norwegian language history 1850-1950. An overview 86