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Evaluation and Analysis of the Photovoltaic Potential for Odisha

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Evaluation and Analysis of the Photovoltaic Potential for Odisha Evaluation and Analysis of the Photovoltaic Potential for Odisha Rakesh Kumar Tarai Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute Of Technology Rourkela Evaluation and Analysis of the Photovoltaic Potential for Odisha A Thesis submitted to the National Institute of Technology Rourkela in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Technology in Electrical Engineering (Industrial Electronics) by Rakesh Kumar Tarai Roll No. 214EE5495 Under the Supervision of Prof. Paresh Govind Kale May 2016 Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute Of Technology Rourkela Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute Of Technology Rourkela May 19, 2016 Certificate of Examination Roll Number: 214EE5495 Name: Rakesh Kumar Tarai Title of Thesis: Evaluation and Analysis of the Photovoltaic Potential for Odisha We the below signed, after checking the thesis mentioned above and the official record book of the student, hereby state our approval of the dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Technology in Electrical Engineering at National Institute of Technology Rourkela. We are satisfied with the volume, quality, correctness, and originality of the work. ------------------------- ------------------------- Paresh Govind Kale Examiner Supervisor ------------------------------- Jitendriya Kumar Satpathy Head of the Department i Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute Of Technology Rourkela Prof. Paresh Govind Kale Assistant Professor May 19, 2016 Supervisor’s Certificate This is to certify that the thesis entitled, “Evaluation and Analysis of the Photovoltaic Potential for Odisha” submitted by Rakesh Kumar Tarai in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Master of Technology degree in Electrical Engineering with specialization in Industrial Electronics during 2014-2016 at the National Institute of Technology, Rourkela is an authentic work carried out by him under my supervision and guidance. Neither this thesis nor any part of it has been submitted for any degree or diploma to any institute or university in India or abroad. Paresh G. Kale ii Dedicated to my family and friends iii Declaration of Originality I, Rakesh Kumar Tarai, Roll Number 214EE5495 hereby declare that this thesis entitled “Evaluation and Analysis of the Photovoltaic Potential for Odisha'' represents my original work carried out as a postgraduate student of NIT Rourkela and, to the best of my knowledge, it comprises no material previously published or written by another person, nor any material presented for the award of any other degree or diploma of NIT Rourkela or any other institution. Any contribution made to this research by others, with whom I have worked at NIT Rourkela or elsewhere, is explicitly acknowledged in the dissertation. Works of other authors cited in this dissertation have been duly acknowledged under the section ''Bibliography''. I have also submitted my original research records to the scrutiny committee for evaluation of my dissertation. I am fully aware that in the case of any non-compliance detected in future, the Senate of NIT Rourkela may withdraw the degree awarded to me on the basis of the present thesis. November 12, 2015 Rakesh Kumar Tarai NIT Rourkela iv Acknowledgement There are many people who associate in the project directly or indirectly, whose support, and timely suggestions are highly substantial for completion of this project. First of all, I would like to thank Prof. J.K. Satpathy, Head of Department of Electrical Engineering for his kind support, advice, and valuable discussions that are highly commendable. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Prof. Paresh Govind Kale for his supervision, encouragement, and support that has been a key factor in the success of this project. I would like to thank Vishal Minz for his help and support throughout my Thesis work. Lastly, I would also like to express my gratitude to Mr. S.N. Mohanty, the developer of the „SN Mohanty Solar power plant‟ for providing data related to the plant. Lastly, I would also like to thank my family for their love and support and encouragement that inspired me in gaining confidence in myself. Rakesh Kumar Tarai Roll No. 214EE5495 v Abstract Solar energy is a potential resource for the various renewable energy options which is clean, inexhaustible and eco-friendly. The development of usage and installation of PV system needs a relevant solar policy making plan through proper assessment of solar PV Energy potential. The study uses the estimate of the PV potential of an area under consideration using the PVGIS online software. The study divides the total geographic area of into a grid of „mxn‟. The PVGIS evaluated the value of incident solar radiation and generated PV energy at central coordinate of each grid. The evaluation of energy potential for four cases (based on mounting and tracking) uses two critical parameters: annual incident Global radiation and annual PV Energy production. A methodology is presented to plot the rasterized maps of the solar energy potential. The study further discusses a case study of Odisha to show the usefulness of the proposed methodology to develop a district wise strategy for promoting the installation of grid-connected PV system. The decision to install a PV plant depends on three major factors: the climatic and environment conditions of the location, the viability of commercial operations, and the government policies. Considering uncertain nature of geographical parameters development of a reliable model to predict the energy output of a plant-to-be installed becomes essential. The study proposes models that consider only two meteorological variables collected from 1195 locations of Odisha: total annual incident global radiation on the PV module and annual average air temperature. The thesis focuses on simplification at every stage of the development while validating the preciseness of the model. A case study of NIT Rourkela is considered to apply a various methods for the evaluation of PV potential. Again the current solar policy framework of India is reviewed along with the challenges the nation has to face for achieving the targets. Key Words: PVGIS; PV potential; Estimation; Rasterized Maps; Odisha; Predictive Model; Validation; Solar Policy; JNNSM vi Contents Certificate of Examination .................................................................................................................... i Supervisor’s Certificate ........................................................................................................................ ii Declaration of Originality ................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgement ................................................................................................................................. v Abstract ................................................................................................................................................. vi List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................ x List of Tables ...................................................................................................................................... xiii List of Abbreviation ........................................................................................................................... xiv Chapter-1 ............................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction to Basics on Solar Radiation .......................................................................................... 1 1.1 Properties and Characteristics of Sun Light ............................................................................ 2 1.1.1 Energy of photon ............................................................................................................. 3 1.1.2 Photon flux ...................................................................................................................... 4 1.1.3 Spectral irradiance........................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Solar radiation at the surface of the earth................................................................................ 6 1.2.1 Air mass .......................................................................................................................... 8 1.2.2 Declination angle .......................................................................................................... 10 1.2.3 Elevation angle .............................................................................................................. 11 1.2.4 Azimuth angle ............................................................................................................... 11 1.2.5 Solar radiation on tilted surface .................................................................................... 12 1.2.6 Solar insolation ............................................................................................................. 13 1.3 Objective and Motivation of the Thesis ................................................................................ 15 1.4 Outline of the Thesis ............................................................................................................
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