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The Mountain Mahendragiri - an Eco-Heritage Tourist Destination

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The Mountain Mahendragiri - an Eco-Heritage Tourist Destination Odisha Review ISSN 0970-8669 The Mountain Mahendragiri - An Eco-Heritage Tourist Destination Dr. Sunil Kumar Patnaik Sarita Nayak There are several mountains associated with The Eastern Ghats is divided into a northern and history, culture and civilization of any country or a southern portion, the dividing boundary is lying region. In India number of such mountain peaks somewhere south of the Godavari Valley. True starting from the Himalyan Badrinath, Kedarnath mountain character is exhibited only in the northern to the Vindhyas, Sahyadri and Satpura hills ranges portion i.e. up to the Godavari Valley. The Eastern which have some element of historical footprints Ghats (North) is comprised of Maliya and which are all depicted in the Epics, Puranas, and Madgula Konda Ranges. The Kondhmal Hills are other literatures together with from their northern tip and the visible archaeological remains. Rampa Hills in the south. The Among the mountains of Kondhmal Hills have lent their Odisha, the most important is name to the Khondalite rocks the Mahendra mentioned in the which make up the peaks and great Epics and Puranas as ridges of the Maliyas, whose kulaparvatas of India. The general elevations are 900 to mountain Mahendragiri is 1,200 meter though some of located in the Gajapati district their summits soar higher and of Odisha in the middle of Bhima Temple the tallest is Mahendragiri Eastern Ghats which is part of which is 1501 meter high. It almost an unbroken chain of may be mentioned that the name Mahendragiri hills between the Mahanadi and the Godavari once extended to the whole of Eastern Ghats. rivers, but in their southern parts they occur as Archean gneisses have developed in the lower detached hills. The structural trends and litho- elevations of these hills. stratigraphy of the Archean-Early Proterozoic rocks arech-carnokite-khondalite which is one It is situated amongst the Eastern Ghats at province out of six such provinces of India. In an elevation of 1,501 metres (4,925 ft) and is one general the Eastern Ghats extends from the of the highest peaks in eastern India, only next to Mahanadi in Odisha to the Vaigai in Tamilnadu, Deomali (1762 mts) of Koraput district. It is the roughly paralleling the eastern flank of Peninsula second highest peak measuring 4923 feet and the behind the coastal tract on the Bay of Bengal. highest peak Singharaj (4976 ft) and the third NOVEMBER - 2020 15 ISSN 0970-8669 Odisha Review Devagiri (4534 ft).The Eastern Ghats run as fauna of the region includes peacocks, flying detached hills, more or less parallel to the eastern squirrels, deer, elephants, various avian species coast of India with an average elevation of about (leopards). From the hill-top trekkers are 200ft. Mahendragiri is a natural wonderland and rewarded with a mesmerizing view of the is surrounded by hills and thick forest growth. The surrounding. The Eco system of the hill and the hill is situated amongst the Eastern Ghats at an undulating landscape with serpentine roads are elevation of 1,501 mt. above mean sea level with just heaven for any visitors. It has something to geo-coordinates 180 58I N and 84 0 22I.05 II E. be relaxed and rejuvenate to all kind of tourists As per the Odisha Space Application Centre the be young or old. core area could be spread over an area of 42.54 The Mountain Sq. Km. while the buffer zone has an area of 1577. 02 sq. km. The magnificent mountain Mahendragiri stands as the dosimali stone of the provinces of The major river in Odisha and Andhra the area is the Mahendra boarder in Ganjam and Tanaya, originated from the Gajapati districts of Odisha hill top of Mahendra and Srikakulam district of Mountain and is also Andhra Pradesh. characterized by the Mahendragiri is 51 kms to presence of numerous the south-west of rivers and rivulets which Brahmapur, 26 kms from empty into the the sea. It is approachable MahendraTanaya which at Tumba from Brahmapur ultimately falls into the side, at Kainpur from Vamsadhara in Andhra Yudhisthira Temple Parlakhemundi side and at Pradesh. The vegetation Jangalapadu from of the region is marked with the presence of Srikakulam side. More easiest way to ride tropical dry and wet deciduous forest range which Mahendragiri mountain is from Paralakhemundi is a home to several plants and wild animals and Dist. Headquarter which is about 50 kms enroute avian fauna. The principal rock types of the hill Narayanpur, Jiranga, Kanipur and then about 20 range are granite, charnokite, khondalite with kms on the undulating hill terrain to reach at the intrusive veins of chert, chalcedony, quartz of both flat land on the peak where temples of ancient crystalline and opec forms. Mahendragiri hill and past with archaeological remains available. its surrounding areas are recognized as a Mahendragiri mountain is also very close to biodiversity hot spot due to numerous medicinal Ramagiri and Gudguda waterfall. The mountain plants and other species that are found here. A is important from mythological, religious, heaven for medicinal plants, Mahendragiri Hill is historical, archaeological, ethnical, ecological and home to over 600 flowering plants. The faunal tourism points of view. It is a famous centre of diversity of the region is huge and particularly pilgrimage since time immemorial. Every-year known for being a herpetic-faunal hot spot. The during Sivaratri (Feb-March) thousands of 16 NOVEMBER - 2020 Odisha Review ISSN 0970-8669 pilgrims from neighboring Ganjam and is discussed here, taking together the reference in Srikakulam districts usually visit and gather on the Copper Plate Charters and all the material remains peak for celebration. The local Adivasis or ethnic available in the site in recent perspective. people also gather here on that day in large Associated Traditions number. In our recent visit in March 2020 to the site, we witnessed that many people from around The Mahendra mountain has been Andhra Pradesh and Odisha throng the place, eulogized by several hymns and religious texts as particularly for ritualistic purpose in the age-old a sacred place and is the abode of Lord Shiva. traditional Parasurama kshetra. But historical The cultural assemblage of the region is also quite evidences are there which reveals the cultural rich with strong traditional values reflected in the depth of the place when nowhere temples rituals, traditions, customs, practices and ethno- constructed in entire Odishan region, there historical parallels. Mahendragiri is associated with constructed the earliest mythological stories from temple in about 6th-7th the Ramayana as century CE which again Mahendra Parvata proves the historicity of (mountain). It is a Kula the place. Parvata along with Maninagesvara, Malaya, Let us have a Sahayadri, Parijata, glimpse of the traditions Shuktiman,Vindhya and and history associated as Malyavanta. The known from the Mahabharata mentions archaeological sources. Mahendra mountain while Due to the strategic Kunti Temple describing Parasurama’s location of the Mahendra penance. The story goes mountain, many early kingdoms were established that Parasurama, the youngest son of Jamadagni, around it for which the mountain has rich tradition, exterminated the kshatriyas from the earth referred to in copperplate grants (charters) and twenty-one times. Then he performed a sacrifice inscriptions as well as reflected in visible at Ramatirtha with Kasyapa the Upadhyaya archaeological remains that all speak a loud about (preceptor). After completion of the sacrifice, he the rich cultural legacy. Almost all erudite scholars, offered the earth as his fees to Kasyapa but starting from Pragiter, Pliny, H.C. Ray Choudhury, Kasyapa became angry and banished him to the B.C.Law and historians and archaeologists of southern seas. As a result Parasurama went to Odisha like D.K.Ganguly, R.P. Mohaptara, B.K. Mahendragiri and practiced penance and lived Ratha and some others have focused some for a long time here. It is also said that aspects of Mahendra Mountain. The mountain is Parashurama was meditating on Mahendragiri so important in the cultural history of Odisha which when Lord Rama broke the sacred bow of Shiva. served as an important benchmark for the study Ramayana and Mahabharata also refer this of history and culture of Odisha and even for mountain in various contexts. The Vamana, the South-East Asia. An account of the Mahendragiri Vishnu, the Markandeya, the Agni and the NOVEMBER - 2020 17 ISSN 0970-8669 Odisha Review Skanda Puranas also refer Mahendra Parvata. It This is the reminiscent of the trade of Kalinga with is in fact that no Purana is complete without South East Asian countries. mention of the Mahendra Hill. There is a tradition still believed in Funan The Viraja Kshetra Mahatmya, or Cambodia that a Naga Princess got married presents a traditional account of Odisha in to Kaundinya Brahmin and the country of connection with the killing of Gayasura by Cambodia came into existence.It is also known Vishnu.The legs of Gayasura fell at Mahendragiri. from inscriptional sources that Huen-tien Even Kalidasa in his Raghuvamsa mentions that (Kaundinya) introduced the Indian culture in king Raghu in course of his digvijaya conquered Funan. It is a fact that the Odia seafarers at some Kalinga and occupied the Mahendra as king of point of time began to trade with South East Asian Kalinga was the lord of this mountainous region. island countries around post Common Era as It is mentioned that Raghuvamsa of Kalidasa known from archaeological sources, particularly contains an interesting episode of Sunanda and from the pottery remains. Initially, they hugged princess Indumati.... “Would you marry this prince the coast till the Isthmus of Kra. This is the thin – he is Hemangada, the king of Kalinga, said strip of land, now part of Thailand, from which Sunanda, the companion of princess Indumati.
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