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Technical Bull~~tin No. 1494

, Agricultural Research Service .", UNITE.D STATES DEPARTMENT OF AG;RiCULTURE Classification of Selected Higher Categories of Auchenorrhynchous Homoptera (Cicadellidae and Aetalionid.ae)

• By Robert Banks Davis

Technical Bulletin No. 1494

Agricultural Research Service UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Washington, D.C. Issued January 1975

For sale by the Superintendent of Docum~nts. U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 204ry2 - P";ee $1.20 Stock Number 0100-03253 CONTEN'rs

Page Literatu!".:! review ___.. ______3 Materials and methods ______4 Morphology ______._____ 5 Artificial key to females ______7 Xestocephalinae Baker ______8 Adelungiinae Baker ______10 Adelungiini Baker ______. ___._.__ 11 Achrini, new tribe ______. ______. ____ ._.__ ._.____ 12 Agalliinae Kirkaldy ______. ______.. ______14 Megophthalminae Kirkaldy _____.. ______.______.______.______17 Ulopinae Le Peletier and Serville ______. ___ . ______.______19 Ulopini Le Peletier and Serville ______20 Cephalelini Amyot and Serville ______21 Austroagalloidinae Evans ______22 Eurymelinae Amyot and Serville ______.______24 Eurymelini Amyot and Serville ______25 Pogonoscopini China ______.______27 Aetlllionidae Spinola ______.______28 Aetalioninae Spinola ______. ____ .______29 Darthulinae Metcalf ______._ 29 Summary ______.. ______..______.______30 Literature cited ______"______. _____ . ____ ._ 31

• Classification of Selected Higher Categories of Auchenorrhynchous Homoptera (Cicadellid.ae and Aetalionidae)

By ROBERT BANKS DAVIS, assistant pro!essQ1', Tusculmn College, Greeneville, Tenn.t

The purpose of this study was to find mor­ cally designated as male, all specimens cited phological characters that would limit and here are female. define groups of leafhoppers at taxonomic levels The higher categories selected for this study above that of genus and to examine from a were Aetalionidae, Agalliinaf:, Austroagalloidi­ worldwide standpoint the relationships among nae, Eurymelidae, Melichan~llinae, Ulopinae, certain higher ~ategories. At present the higher and Xestocephalini (in the sense of J. W. E..- ans categories are not clearly defined and existing (1.4- and 15».2 An effort was made to obtain keys are diffic 11lt to use. These circumstances female specimens of the type-species of each make identification of an unknown leafhopper genus in each group. specimen extremely difficult, un1ess an expe­ The existing classification of the categories rieneed taxonomist can recognize it as belong­ of auchenorrhynchous Homoptera by Evans ing to a particu1ar genus or higher group. (1.4- and 15) and the classification proposed Taxonomic characters found on the external here are as follows: female genitalia form the basis of the study and are supplemented by characters found on Existing P'roposecl the hind tibia and its first tarsomere. Males Jassidae Cicadellidae were examined when available to confirm tibia Euscelinae Euscelinae and tal'somere observations made on females, Xestocephalini Xestocephalinae but because of difficulty in obtaining a male and Melicharellinae Adelungiinae a female of each species studied and the small Adelungiini number of males actually observed, the results Achrini were not conclusive. Therefore unless specifi­ Agalliinae Agalliinae Ulopinae Ulopinae

1 This bulletin is based on information contained in Ulopini Ulopini a thesis submitted to the Graduate School of the Uni­ Cephalelini Cephalelini versity of North Carolina, Raleigh, i:1 partial fulfill­ Megophthaimini Megophthalminae ment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of Austroagalloidinae philosophy. AustroagaIloidinae The study was supported under contract with the Eurymelidae Eurymelinae Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Northeastern Re­ EurymeIinae gion, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department Ipoinae EurymeIini of Agriculture, and was conducted at the University of North Carolina. Pogonoscopinae Pogonoscopini The author extends his gratitude to D. A. Young of Aetalionidae Aetalionidae this university who made this study possible by locating Aetalioninae Aetalioninae the necessary funds and providing indispensable guid­ ance and encouragement. He is also grateful to the Darthulinae Darthulinae curators of various museums who loaned specimens and "Italic numbers in parentheses refer to Literature patiently awaited their return. Cited, p. 31. 1 2 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1494, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

The relationship among the higher categories Jines, a systematic review of the EusceIinae in the proposed classification is sho\vn in the was not conducted and the remaining genera following diagram. All tax}';. are included in the of the Eu:>celinae were not affected.

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Cicadellidae except Aetalioninae and Darthu­ A detailed description of the Cicadellidae was linae, which are subfamilies of the Aetalioni­ beyond the scope of this bulletin; however, dae. Although some geuera in the Euscelinae based on the specimens studied, the Cicadelli­ as interpreted by Ev.:ms were examined to dae may be described in relation to the Aeta­ determine their relationship to the xestocepha- lionidae as follows:

Cicadellidae Aetalionidae Metathoracic tibia _____ With 3 or 4 (usually 4) With 1, 2, or no longitudinal rows of setae. longitudinal rows of setae. Apex of metathoracic Bearing setal groups II and Not bearing setal groups II and IV. tibia. IV (see morphology section). Apex of plantar surface Bearing transverse row of Not bearing transverse row of setae and of 1st metathoracic setae and usually platellae.1 platellae. tarsomere.

1 Term .from Howe (20). SELECTED CATEGORIES OF AUCHENORRHYNCHOUS HOMOPTERA 3

The conclusions from this study are some­ in a few genera the specimens bearing type times based on a single specimen of a. genus; labels were used. as a consequence, Qvergeneralization may re­ Each specimen was numbered and had a sult, especially in genera that have not been label with the author's name. This information carefuI1y studied recently and in which species and the location of specimens used in the study are included that are not closely related. In an are listed under the various leafhopper cate­ effort to reduce this possibility, determined gories so that subsequent researchGrs may specimens were used, in most genera a speci­ locate specimens about which questions may men of the type-species was investigated, and arise.

LITERATURE REVIEW

The majo~ contributio:n to the classification accompanied by the development of tibial of leafhoppers from a worldwide standpoint is spines, loss of thoracic sutures, changes in the a three-part work by J. W. Evans. Part 1 epicranial sutures, and the evolution of macro­ (Evans 13) deals with external morphology setae on the hind femur. He also considered the and the systematic position of the auchenorr­ aetalionids as a primitive subfamily of the hynchous Homoptera, which he divided into lVIembracidae and transferred the HyJicidae three sections-Fulgoromorpha, Cicadomorpha, and Eurymelidae into the CicadeIIidae. and Jassidomorpha. The Jassidomorpha was The female genitalia and their taxonomic divided into the superfamilies Cercopoidea and usefulness in leafhopper systematics have been J assoidea. The J assoidea was then further reported by several authors. The most exten­ divided into five families-Membracidae, Aeta­ sive study was conducted by Readio (35), who Iionidae, Hylicidae, Eurymelidae, and Jassidae investigated the shape, size, and variation of (CicadeIIidae). Part 2 (Evans 14) treats the the teeth of the second valvulae in several di­ taxonomy of the families Aetalionidae, Hylici­ verse species and found that the characters dae, and Eurymelidae. Part 3 (Evans 15) out­ were constant within each species. He also con­ lines and describes the higher categories in the cluded that various subfamilies were not dis­ family J assidae (Cicadellidae) and lists the tinctly set apart by characters of the second genera and their type-species for each group. valvulae; however, closely related genera pos­ The phylogeny of the auchenorrhynchous sessed very similar second valvulae. He re­ Homoptera at the family level and above was ported that the Typhlocybini was clearly set investigated by Kramer (25), who reviewed apart by the same characters. The taxonomic the literature, including the views of Herbert value of the ovipositor of Empoasca Walsh was Osborn, G. W. Kirkaldy, A. Handlirsch, TilI­ investigated by Balduf (3), who concluded that yard, Singh-Pruthi, and Sponner. Metcalf (29) the valvulae. furnished characters adequate to arranged groups of the auchenorrhynchous distinguish species in the series with which he Homoptera from family to order in a system was working. Cunningham and Ross (5), also and described each of the groups so arranged. working with Em.poasca Walsh, described and Concerning the CicadeJIidae, the Nearctic illustrated characters for identifying five leafhoppers were described and keys provided Nearctic species. China (4) used the number for identification to genus in the comprehensive of teeth on the second valvulae as characters work of Oman (34). A comparable work by in his description of the species included in the Ribaut (36) treated the leafhoppers of France. genera LasioscoP1lS China and PogonoSCOptlS The phylogeny and systematics of the European China. Ribaut (36) also used characters of the forms were presented by Wagner (41) in a second valvulae in his descriptions and illus­ study that was primarily concerned with the trations of Mac1·opsis species. morphology of the head and male genitalia. The metathoracic leg has been used in cica­ Ross (37) discussed the evolution of the major deI1id taxonomy to some extent by Evans (H groups of leafhoppers as a series of branchings and 15), in that a representative illustration 4 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1494, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE of a hind tibia was included with each group Howe's paper, Herbert Osborn expressed his described. The position and number of setae on belief that, alth):'gh not offering evidence of the apex of the metathoracic femur were de­ generic affinities, thenr1:it and second tarso­ scribed and used as characters by Ribaut (36) mere might provide characters of value at and later by Ross (37). The metathoracic first larger or subfamily divisions. and second tarsomeres were investigated by Other pertin~nt works are included in the Howe (20). III a note preceding the text of Lite:rature Cited.

MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens used in this study were borrowed wooden handles. Each cleared abdomen was from museum and personal collections and are placed in a deep-well slide filled with g;ycerin listed under the leafhopper categories. Many and was oriented on its dorsum. O:ne needle was additional specimens belonging to the entomo­ used to hold the abdomen in place and the other logical :uuseum at North Carolina State Uni.. was inserted between the third valvulae and versity were also studied for comparing and pygofer (fig. 1, B), and the membrane connect­ determining the range in variation of charac­ ing the two structures was severed so the ters, but all are not specifically cited here. valves were free from the pygofer along their After specimens were dissected, each was length. assigned a code number so records could be The articulations between the second val vi­ maintained pertaining to each specimen and fel's and the pygofer (fig. 1. C) were broken by t.he parts that were removed. gently pressing one point on each valvifer with The abdomen was dissected away from each a needle. After breaking the articulations, the specimen and placed in a 10 percent aqueous abdomen was held anteriorly with one needle solution of potassium hydroxide and allowed to while another needle was inserted into the py­ soak at room temperature until cleared. Soak­ gofer through the opening previousiy made ing time varied for individual specimens. If the between the third valvulae and the pygofer and contents of the abdomen were not dissolved, placed on the second valvifer. Applying pres­ dissection was very difficult; on the other hand, sure forced the second valvifer away from the if a specimen was allowed to soak until the articulation I>oint and separated the tongue­ cuticula became soft, distortion due to fie1mres and-gro:Jve system at the anterior extremities sometimes occurred in the first and second val­ of the rami of the first and second valvulae vulae of the ovipositor. A metathoracic leg was (fig. 1, C). By gentle and -persistent teasing. also dissected from each specimen and placed each valvifer was manipulated until it was free in 10 percent potassium hydroxide. The soaking from the pygofer and the rami were definitely time for the leg varied for individual speci­ separated. Then the second valvifers and their mens. If the leg remained in the clearing solu­ attached second and third valvulae (fig. 1, E) tion for an extended period, the setae and were moved posteriorly out of and away from platelJ.ae of the tibia and tarsus became too the first valvulae cnd pygofer (fig. 1, D). After clear for critical observation. dissection the abdomen and valvuhH.' were re­ . After clearing in potassium hydroxide, the placed in the spot plate for comparative study. abdomen and metathoracic leg were rinsed with Structures to be illustrated were placed in water and stored in glycerin in clear "spot glycerin in a deep-well slide and held in place plates" for observation. by a small amount of boric acid ointment, For unobstructed observation of the valvu­ which had been placed on the slide before lae, it was necessary to dissect the second glycerin was added. Drawings were made on valvifers and their attached second and third 6- by 8-inch cards with the aid of a camera valvulae away from the pygofer. This was ac­ lucida and were then inked by tracing directly complished with the aid of a dissecting micro­ onto drawing paper. The valvulae were i1lus­ scope and a pair of thin needles mounted in b'ated in lateral aspect. SELECTED CATEGORIES OF AUCHENORRHYNCHOUS HOMOPTERA 5

"Setal maps" of the metathoracic tibiae were not present and the setal arrangement of the produced by drawing one row of setae at a metathoracic tibiae does not conform to the time and resituating the tibiae so that all rows pattern exhibited by the cicadellids. \Vhen com­ had the same orientation in the illustrations. parisons are being made, note that all iIlusb'a­ The details of the terminal armament of the tions are not drawn to the same scale. metathoracic tibiae were illustrated by two After observations were completed on a drawings for each tibia: One d~picting group II specimen, all dissected parts were placed in a (fig. 2, C, and D) and the other group IV (fig. glass microvial with a small amount of glycerin. 2, D), which oecurs on the other side of the The vial was then sealed with a cork and affixed tibiae. to the pin bearing the remainder of the speci­ Corresponding structures were illustrated men. A permanent label with the code number with the same orientation for each group stud­ of the specimen and the present author's name ied so the reader may compare structures was also placed on the pin so that a specimen throughout the groups. An exception occurs in could be located and identified as one used in the Aetalionidae, where groups II and IV are this study.

MORPHOLOGY Female Genitalia The fiTst valvifers (fig. 1, C) are platelike and In the members of the superfamily Jassoidea are usually joined medially by a membrane, of Evans (14), the ninth tel'gum of the female which may become sclerotized and form a first (fig. 1, A and B) is enlarged relative to the valvifer complex. The first valvifers are joined other terga of the abdomen, modified to contain by membranous connections to the first val­ the ovipositor, and referred to as the pygofer. vulae. The ventrolatera1 surfaces of the pygofer The first valvulae (fig. 1, C and D) are blade bear setae, which vary in size and distribu­ shaped and each has a longitudinal groove tion between or within groups, and the gen­ that extends along its medial surface and eral size and shape of the pygofer also vary. emerges basidorsally in the rodlike inner ramus, Internally an anterior ridge (fig. 1, C) (term which is fused to the pygofer by means of the from Snodgrass (38» is present, which ex­ ramal plate. The term outer ramus of the first tends along the anterior edge of the pygofer valvula is used by some authors to refer to the and exhibits variation in lying parallel to the anteroventral portion of the valve, which is anterior edge or diverging posteriorly. The connected to the first valvifer; however, the anteroventral end of the anterior ridge is ex­ region referred to is difficult to distinguish panded to form an articulation point on each either by the definition of ramus or by homol­ side between the pygofer and part of the ovi­ ogy with the inner rami; therefore to avoid positor, whereas a dorsal extension, the ramal confusion the region described is simply re­ plate (Kramer 25), forms a fused connection ferred to here as the base of the first valvulae. between the pygofer and another part of the The ventral margins of the first valvulae are ovipositor. joined by a modified tongue-and-groove, the The anal tube, which consists of segments 10 ventral interlocking device (Balduf 2) that and 11, is telescoped into the posterodorsal originates at the base and extends distad along region of the pygofer. The ovipositor rests in a the membranous ventral edge of the valves. membranous fold along the midventral region The dorsolateral surfaces of the first valvulae of the pygofer and is composed of two primary are usually sculptured with various cuticular subdivisions-a pair of first valvifers with a configurations, and serrations sometimes occur pair of attached first valvulae and a pair of along the dorsal and ventroapical edges. second valvifers to which are attached one pair The second valvifers (fig. 1, C and E) are of second valvulae and one pair of third located posterior to the first valvifers and me­ valvulae. dial to the ramal plates. Each valvifer articu­ 6 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1494, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE lates with the lower end of the anterior ridge Metathoracic Ferrlur of the pygofer on the same side by means of an articulation point on the posterior edge of the The apex of the femur of the metathoracic valvifer. Each valvifer serves as the base for leg (fig. 2, A and B) usually bears an assem­ the membranous attachment for the second blage of setae consisting of two apical setae, valvulae dorsally and the third valvulae ven­ designated adlateral and ablateral by Young trally. (42), with a varying number of subapical setae, The second valvulae (fig. 1, C and E) are which occur in definite patterns on the dorso­ blade shaped and each has an outer ramus that lateral surface. emanates from the anteroventral region of the A femoral formula is used to designate the valve and curves dorsally and posteriorly to number and arrangement of the setae at the join the second valvifer. A portion of each outer femoral apex by numbering each pair of or ramus extends distally along the lateral sur­ individual setae in sequence from apex basad; face of the valvula in the form of a longitudinal for example, the femoral formula of the speci­ ridge, which fits into the groove of the respec­ men in figure 2, A and B, is 2:1:0 (two apical tive first valvula mentioned previously. Thus setae and one subapical) and the femoral for­ the first and second valvulae are united from mula of the Xestocephalinae (fig. 3, D) is 2:1:1 the apex of their extended rami at their bases (two apical, one subapical, and another sub­ to the apices of the joined blades, with the first apical). The number and arrangement of the valvulae located lateral to the second. In dorsal femoral setae were used as taxonomic charac­ aspect the outer rami appear to possess two ters by Ribaut (36) and later by several work­ fine parallel lines, which represent the tongue ers, among them Ross (37) in his "Evolution­ of the tongue-and-groove system uniting the ary Developments in Leafhoppers." TIrst

An illustration in profile has been made for verse apical rows. It is usually composed of one each row of tibial setae from a representative large seta appearing similar to the setae in in each group studied. If gross variations occur row II and is either solitary or accompanied by within a group, representatives of the varia­ small setae. Group IV (fig. 2, D) is at the oppo­ tions are also given. site end of the transverse rows of setae and The apex of the metathoracic tibia usually spurs from group II and is usually composed has a distal transverse row of spurs and a of an enlarged seta and a varying number of more proximal transverse row of setae. These smaller accompanying setae. transverse rows (fig. 2, A, C, D) are terminated Illustrations of the tibial apices showing at each end by groups of setae designated as group II and group IV were made for each of group II and group IV because of their posi­ the higher categories studied except Aetalioni­ tions distal to the end of the two respective dae, in which these groups are absent. When longitudinal setal rows of the tibia (fig. 2, C variations occurred within a higher category, and D). they were also illustrated. The distal row (fig. 2, C and D) consists of a variable number of spurs (term from Snod­ Metathoracic First Tarsomere grass (39», each of which is composed of an enlarged cylindrical base with a terminal seta. The tirst tarsomere of the metathoracic leg The extremity of the base is flanged into a (fig. 2, A, C, G) was relatively constant in ap­ collar, the edge of which may be smooth, ser­ pearance in each of the higher categories. The rate, scalloped, or apparently fringed. A single plantar surface usually had longitudinal rows platella (fig. 2, E) or seta (fig. 2, F) arises of setae; however, scattered setae were in some from within the collar. groups, and in the Eurymelinae a large mem­ The more proximal row of transverse setae branous area occurred medially. The plantar at the tibial apex is usually present and arises surface is usually terminated by a transverse at the base of the distal row of spurs (fig. 2, C row of setae, platellae, or both. and D). The proximal row may be absent or A pair of setae usually is on the dorsal sur­ consist of enlarged or minute setae, which may face of the first tarsomere (fig. 2, C) and has be mounted on a smooth tibial apex, on elevated been designated as the dorsoapical setae. basr.ls, or in some groups on cucullate bases. The first tarsomere of a representative of Group II (fig. 2, C and D) is situated at the each higher category studied has been illustrat­ end of row II and the proximal and distal trans­ ed in ventral aspect.

ARTIFICIAL KEY TO FEMALES

1. Metathoracic tibia with three or four longitudinal rows of setae or tibial apex with group II

and group IV present (fig. 2, D) __ • ______,______c _c. ______c _____ Cicadellidae 2 Metathoracic tibia with one, two, or no longitudinal rows of setae; tibial apex with group II and group IV absent ___ , __ . __ .. ______.--.,. __ ,______.Aetalionidae (p. 28) 12 2 (1). First valvula of ovipositor with sculptured area along dorsal surface strigate (figs. 3, A, 10, A, 12, A and B, 13, A, 14, A and B, 18, A) or strigate in apical portion of area and with tral1Sition to broken strigae more basaJly (fig. 19, A) ... _ , ______._ _ _c, ___ _ 3 First valvula with sculptured area papillose (fig. 6, A), maculose (figs. 6, C, and 9, A), or reticulate (figs. 4, A and B, 5, A and B, 7, A) _. _. , __ , ___ , _____ ., _____ '- __ .___ _, . __ _ 9. 3 (2). Second valvula of ovipositor with abaxial curve in relation to axis of specimen and with teeth absent on dorsal edge (fig. 3, B and C) . ______. __ Xestocephalinae (p. 8) Second valvula not curved abay.ially with teeth present on dorsal edge ______. ___ ._ c____ 4 4 (3). Clypeus with setae or spines ___ ,______.. ______~ ___ .. ____ . ______." .__ c __ • __ ••_", ______, ___ ._, _. 6 Clypeus not with setae or spines _, _- _. ____,. ,. _.. _____ ,.' _..__.. _._ 5 5 (4). Metathoracic tibia with cucullate setal bases in row II and usually III (fig. 16, D, E, F) __' ______.. ,_. ____ • ______. _____ , ___ . ______-._,.---.. _._. _____ .. __ Eurymelinae (p. 24) 6 Metathoracic tibia not with cucullate setal bases _ 7 8 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1494, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

6 (4) (5). Metathoracic tibia with setal rows II and III without cucullate setal bases (fig. 18, D), ely­ pens with spines, or dense setae ______Pogonoscopini (p. 27) Metathoracic tibia with setal rows II and usually III possessing cucullate setal bases (fig. 16, V, E, F), c1ypeus not with spines, or dense setae ______Eurymelini (p. 25) 7 (5). Metathoracic tibia with proximal transverse row of setae present and with cucullate setal bases (fig. 13, F) ______Austroagalloidinae (p. 22) Metathoracic tibia with proximal transverse row of setae absent (fig. 12, K) or with simple setal bases (fig. 11, C-J) ______Ulopinae (p. 19) 8 8 (7). Metathoracic tibia with proximal transverse row of setae present (fig. 11, C-J) __ Ulopini (p. 20) Metathoracic tibia with proximal tra.nsverse row of ;letae absent or apparently with one seta (fig. 12, K) ______.Cephalelini (p. 21) 9 (2). Posterior femoral formula 2:1:0 (fig. 8, V), rarely 2:1:1, valvulae blade shaped • ______• ______Agalliinae (p. 14) Posterior femoral formula 2:0:0 (figs. 4, F, 5, F, 9, L), if 2:1:0, then second valvula is rod shaped (fig. 4, 0, D, E) ______•.______10 10 (9). First valvula sculpturing maculose (fig. 9, A) along dorsal edge of sculptured area -----­ ______.•___. ______.. ___ Megophthalminae (p. 17) First valvula sculpturing reticulate, and not maculose along dorsal edge of sculptured area ______. ______.______.Adelungiinae (p. 10) 11

11 (10). Second valvula rod shaped (fig. 4, C, V, E) ______e • ______Adelungiini (p. 11) Second valvula blade shaped (fig. 5, 0, D, E) ______.. ______Achrini (p. 12) 12 (1). Pygofer with length of portion posterior to anal tube equal to length of abdomen anterior to anal tube ______. ______.. ___ •.______Darthulinae (p. 29) Pygofer not greatly exte11ded posterior to anal tube ______... ____. ______--_Aetalioninae (p. 29)

XESTOCEPHALINAE BAKER Diagnostic Characters with pair of posteroventral setae directed pos­ teriorly. First valvulae with abaxial curve from base to apex; first valvulae with dorsoapical prom­ Female Genitalia inence; sculptured area of first valvulae with t,vo series of strigae on dorsolateral surface; Pygofer with anterior ridge slightly diver­ upper series located within dorsoapical promi­ gent from anterior margin posterodorsally; nence and lower series extending along dorsal setation variable, in Xestocephallis Van Duzee margin t.hree-fourths length of valvulae from ventroapical area with 20 or more large, con­ apex basad. Second valvulae with abaxial curve spicuous setae; in MY1'1necoph1'y'ne Kirkaldy from base to apex and with dentation absent. with approximately 10 inconspicuous setae. First valvulae (fig. 3, A) blade shaped and regularly curved ventrad from base to apex; Description sculpture along dorsolateral surface in form of Length 2-4 mm. Usually light brown and pos­ two series of modified strigae; dorsal series sessing lustrous sheen especially evident on short and confined to apical one-third of valvu­ tegmina. Anterior margin of head rounded in lae, ventral series in form of narrow band dorsal aspect and its widest part more narrow extending basad approximately three-fourths than posterior portion of pronotum ; eyes emar­ length of valvulae from apex; ventroapical re­ ginate at base of antennae; ocelli on face. gion with distinct scaleJike sculpturing; denta­ Femorotibial joint of metathoracic leg reaching tion absent; ventral connecting device heavily proepimeron with leg in resting position. Meta­ sclerotized and extending over two-thirds length thoracic tibia flattish with rows I and II on one of valvulae. Second valvulae (fig. 3, B and C) edge and rows III and IV on other. Ungues of curved ventrad from base to apex; dentation hind leg much smaller than ungues of first and absent and ramus with medial sclerotization. second leg and metathoracic coxae usually each Third valvulae with macrosetae absent. SELECTED CATEGORIES OF AUCHENORRHYNCHOUS HOMOPTERA 9

Metathoracic Leg marily been associated with the Aphrodinae or Deltocephalinae. However, their general struc­ Femoral formula (fig. 3, D) 2:1:1; ablateral ture is so remarkable that a separate subfamily and adlateral setae preapical; subapical setae seems warranted. Ishihara (21) assigned fam­ subequal in size to apical setae. Tibial row I ily rank to the genus Xestocephalus in a check­ (fig. 3, E-I) with approximately eight elongate list of Cicadelloidea of Japan. Metcalf (31) primary setae; intercalary setae present and listed Xestocephalini as a tribe of the Eus­ one-half length of primaries. Row II (fig. 3, celidae. E-II) with approximately seven relatively short The author has found Xestocephalus and and stout primary setae compared to primaries MY1'1necophryne very similar with respect to of row I; small intercalary setae present. Row characters of the female genitalia. The first III (fig. 3, E-III) with approximately 11 setae and second valvulae are practically identical becoming progressively larger distad, most dis­ as are characters described on the metathoracic tad setae similar in size and appearance to pri­ leg. However, the characters of the female geni­ mary setae of row II, intercalary setae absent. talia are unique when the two genera are com­ Row IV (fig. 3, E-IV) with approximately 35 pared to other leafhoppers. The author has setae grading in size and shape from small and made or seen dissections of various genera in spatulate proximally to large and setaceous dis­ the Euscelinae and Aphrodinae of Evans (15) tally, and terminal setae subequal in length to and has been unable to find character gradients terminal setae of row III. that would indicate relationships of the xesto­ Distal transverse row (fig. 3, F and G) with cephalines to these or any other groups studied. five elongate, fringed spur bases, each base with The genus Po'rtanus Ball was placed in the thick seta; proximal transverse row indistinct Xestocephalinae by Oman (3.0. Compared to or absent. Group II (fig. 3, F) consisting of one the Xestocephalinae the first and second valvu­ large seta arising on elevated base and apex of lae of P01"tanus are not curved ventrad from seta exceeding length of setae of distal row. the base, the first valvulae exhibit a peculiar Group IV (fig. 3, G) with two setae, proximal type of reticulate sculpture, and the second one one-half length of setae of distal row. valvulae are distinctly dentate. These, as well Plantar surface of first tarsomere (fig. 3, H) as differences in other characters described for with single irregular series of short setae, ven­ the Xestocephalinae, are grounds for excluding troapical end with row composed of one seta, P01·tanus from the group. three platellae, and one seta, medial seta thin and elongate; ventral apex of plantar surface scalloped in appearance; dorsoapical setae pres­ Specimens ent, conspicuous, and subequal in size. MlInnecoph?-yne Kirkaldy; M. formiceticola Kirkaldy; determined by N. C. E. Miller; No. 21-2-68A;' British Museum Discussion Xestocep/wllls Van Duzee; X. pulicanu8 Van Duzee; The Xestocephalinae consists of a single tribe. No. 21-2-68B; British Museum X. pulicarius Van Duzee; determined by Oman; Baker (1), while working on Philippine No. 21-2-68D; U.S. National Museum Jassoidea, recognized the Xestocephalaria and Jassaria as groups of the Jassini and found the Other specimens studied were Pm·tanus stig­ Jassini readily recognizable by reduced vena­ mosus (Uhler), No. 3-7-69A, U.S. National tion, distinctive form of head and thorax, and Museum; X estocephalus tessellatus Van Duzee other general characters. Oman (33) assigned and several specimens of Xestocephalus sp.; as the Xestocephalini to the Euscelinae and was well as members of the Euscelinae and Aphro­ followed by Evans (15). Later Oman (34) dinae from the North Carolina State University elevated the Xestocephalini to subfamily rank collection. on the basis of the head and reported that Xestocephalus and Mynnecoph1"yne had custo­ • Number assigned by author. 10 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1494, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ADELUNGIINAE BAKER Diagnostic Characters In this bulletin members of the subfamilies Melicharellinae and Adelungiinae are placed First valvula with reticulate sculpture on under the subfamily Adelungiinae Baker and dorsolateral surface. Femoral formula 2:0 :0. are divided into the tribe Adelungiini Baker Metathoracic tibia with setae of row IV capi­ and a new tribe the Achrini. Adelungiinae is tate, group IV with single seta with its base on used as the name for the group because the tibia apex, group II with two enlarged setae genera M elichm'ella and Adel'Ungia were found with bases subapical on tibia. Metathoracic first to be closely related on the basis of characters tarsomere with lateral row of setae on plantar found on the female genitalia and the meta­ surface spatUlate and curving distad from ele­ vated base. thoracic leg and so were placed in the same tribe; therefore according to the rules of zoo­ logical nomenclature, the oldest available name, Description Adelungiinae Baker becomes the valid name of the group. Length 5-7 mm. Color variable from pale The two tribes, Adelungiini and Achrini, may green to light brown. Head in dorsal aspect be distinguished by the following characters: wider than pronotum; face glabrous or pubes­ cent. Tegmina usually with reticulate venation. (1) Adelungiini, dorsoapical margin of first Metathoracic tibia square or rectangular in valvulae with teeth (fig. 4, B) ; Achrini, teeth cross section. absent (fig. 5, B). (2) Adelungiini, rami of second valvulae with medial sclerotization; Achrini, medial scleroti­ Discussion zation absent. Baker (1) first used the genus Adel~mgia (3) Adelungiini, second valvulae narrow, Melichar as the basis of a higher category when elongate, and truncate (fig. 4, 0, D, E) ; Ach­ he removed it from the family Koebeliidae, rini, valvulae relatively wide, short, and with where it had been placed by V. T. Oshanin, and acute apices (fig. 5, 0, D, E). gave it subfamily status under the Bythoscopi­ (4) Adelungiini, metathoracic tibia with row dae, because, as he indicated, Adelungia has a II possessing approximately 20 setae, which strikingly bythoscopoid habitus, but the head is become crowded distad (fig. 4, G-II) ; Achrini, provided with a porrect laterally compressed row II with approximately six evenly spaced process; therefore Adelungia pertains to the setae (fig. 5, G-II). Bythoscopidae and should there form a new (5) Adelungiini, metathoracic tibia row III subfamily, the Adelungiinae. Haupt (19) in­ with approximately six similar setae in series cluded Adelungia as a tribe of the subfamily beginning abruptly midway along tibia (fig. 4, Paropiinae in the Ledridae. G-III) ; Achrini, row III with setae in series The subfamily name Melicharellinae was pro­ three-fourths length of tibia and series termi­ posed by de Bergevin (6) for a group that had nated by seta dissimilar to setae of series (fig. been referred to the Bythoscopidae, and this 5, G-III). was the first use of the genus Melichm'ella (6) Adelungiini, metathoracic first tarso­ Semenow as the basis of a higher category. mere usually possessing row of enlarged spath­ Evans (15) placed the genus Adelungia in ulate setae on medial surface (fig. 4, J); the Melicharellinae (family Jassidae) because Achrini, with enlarged spathulate setae absent of the reticulate venation of its tegmina, its (fig. 5, J). basic cephalic characters, and its geographical The author found more characters to sep­ distribution. arate the Adelungiini and the Achrini than to Metcalf (30) listed the subfamilies Melicha­ relate them; however, character gradients oc­ rellinae de Bergevin and Adelungiinae Baker cur, as pointed out in the description of each under the family Agalliidae Kirkaldy. tribe, which, until further studies are conducted SELECTED CATEGORIES OF AUCHENORRHYNCHOUS HOMOPTERA 11 with long series of specimens and different III beginning abruptly midway along tibia species, suggest th~ practicality of the present (Adelungiini) . separation at the tribal level. (3) Metathoracic tibial row IV with series of Of the taxa included in this study, the Ade­ clavate setae becoming progressively larger dis­ lungiinae is most similar to the Agalliinae (see tally in series. diagram, p. 2). The two subfamilies share the (4) Metathoracic tibial group IV with single following characteristics: seta with base apical in position on tibia and (1) Reticulate first valvulae. with apex exceeding setal apices of distal trans­ (2) Primary setae of metathoracic tibial row verse row of spurs.

ADELUNGIINI BAKER Diagnostic Characters gate with strong dor~·al curve originating midway along valvulae; sculpture along dorso­ First valvula dentate on dorsoapical and ven­ lateral surface reticulate and set apart from troapical margins. Second valvula elongate, nar­ dorsal edge by clear area; apex (fig. 4, B) with row, and truncate; second valvula outer ramus definite dentations on dorsal and ventral edges; with medial sclerotization. Metathoracic tibial ventral connecting device extending approxi­ row II with setae becoming closely spaced dis­ mately one-half length of valvula from base. tad; row III with six or seven setae grouped Second valvulae (fig. 4, C, D, E) narrow, blade distally; proximal transverse row of setae one­ shaped, with dorsal and ventral edges prac­ half length of distal transverse row of spur tically parallel from base to truncate apex; with bases. Plantar surface of metathoracic first strong dorsad curve originating at midleligth tarsomere with four longitudinal rows of setae, on valvulae; dorsal edge with apical two-thirds row on medial surface enlarged and spathulate. dentate, teeth small and flattened proximally on Description valvulae becoming larger and rounded distad; ventroapical region apparently not dentate; Length 5-6 mm. Melicha'tella Semenow and rami with medial sclerotization present. Third Platyproctus Lindberg pale brown with dark­ valvulae with ventral edge curved dorsad from brown markings, crown relatively flat; Aclelun­ base to apex; ventral edge usually possessing gia Melichar with light-brown head and thorax, longitudinal row of setae becoming abruptly light-green tegmina, crown produced into ver­ longer and larger in distal portion of row; tical, laterally compressed plate; head of all enlarged setae (approximately seven) long and genera wider than pronotum and face usually thin in Aclel'llngia and M elichat'ella but short glabrous except on lower extremities i ocelli on and thick in Platyproctus. face. Tegmina with reticulate venation except in Platyproct1,ts. Femorotibial joint barely reach­ Metathoracic Leg ing proepimeron. Metathoracic tibia flattened Femoral formula (fig. 4, F) usually 2:0 :0. with rows I and II on one edge and rows III Tibial row I (fig. 4, G-I) with 15-20 (Melicha­ and IV on other, except PlatY]J1"octus with hind 1'ella and PlatY]J1'octuS) or with 6 (Adelungia) tibia resembling that of Achrini in general spathulate setae usually widely spaced basally shape. and becoming more closely spaced distally; intercalaries absent or very small. Row II (fig. Female Genitalia 4, G-II) with approximately. 12 spathulate Pygofer with anterior ridge paralleling an­ setae; Melichm'ella and Adelungia with major­ terior edge of tergum, ventrolateral surfaces ity of setae grouped distad, PlatY]J't'octu8 with with few inconspicuous setae except in Platy­ setae evenly distributed, Row III (fig, 4, G-III) p'roctus, which possesses several small setae with six or seven setae resembling those of row scattered over lateral surface of pygofer, re­ II in size and appearance, most proximal seta sembling Achrini. of series located midway along tibia and re­ First valvulae (fig. 4, A) narrow and elon­ maining setae evenly spaced distad. Row IV 12 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1494, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

(fig. 4, G-IV) with 23-30 thin, capitate setae tern of the tegmina referred to by Evans (1.5). in Melicha1'ella and PlatYP1'octus, approximate­ The metathoracic tibia and tarsomere, although ly 17 normal setae in Adelungia. resembling those of the Adelungiini, are not Distal transverse row (fig. 4, H and I) of clearly like those of either the Adelungiini or five spurs with elongate bases and thick, elon­ the Achrini; however, the genus has been tenta­ gate setae; spur bases with smooth collars pos­ tively placed in the Adelungiini in this study sessing heavily sclerotized, acute apices; proxi­ pending the examination of a female specimen. mal transverse row (fig. 4, Hand 1) with PlatY1J1'octus was placed in the Adelungiini prominent, elongate setae on elevated bases. primarily on the basis of characters found on Tibial group II (fig. 4, H) with two setae, with the female genitalia (general shape, first val­ larger seta equaling length of distal trans­ vula with dentate dorsoapical margin, second • verse spur setae and possessing elevated base valvula ramus with medial sclerotization) and resembling apex of spur bases; smaller seta the metathoracic tibia despite the resemblance (lateral to first) equal to or longer than pri­ of the metathoracic first tarsomere and tegmina mary seta m" mted on elevated base. Group IV venation to characters found in the Achrini. (fig. 4, I) with "ingle seta with apex exceeding A specimen borrowed from the U.S. National apices of spur setae, mounted on apex of tibia. Museum, determined as PlatYP1'octlls hiero­ Plantar surface of first tarsomere (fig. 4, J) glyphica (Bergevin) (No. 6-14-66F), varied with four longitudinal rows of setae; medial from the Adelungiinae (including the type­ rows relatively constant in Adelungia, M elicha­ species, PlatY]Jroctus tessellatus Lindberg) as rella, and Platyproct'us with one row setaceous follows: and other possessing spatulate setae curving (1) Second valvulae deviate in general ap­ distad from elevated bases; lateral rows varia­ pearance (shape and structure) from valvulae ble, Platyproctus with lateral rows thin and of Adelungiinae. setaceous, Adel1mgia with lateral rows possess­ (2) First valvulae possess strigate sculpture • ing enlarged spathulate setae, Melicharella (fig. pattern, which resembles that of Ulopinae and 4, J) with most lateral row on medial surface not reticulate sculpture of Adelungiinae. Even of tarsomere enlarged and spathulate, row on though the specimen raised the possibility of a lateral surface of tarsomere (not shown in third tribe, it was not assigned a position in illustration) small and consisting of normal this bulletin because no other specimens were setae; apex of tarsomere usually with two setae, available for comparison; thus the possibility medial seta elongate and spathulate, lateral of individual variation or deformation exists, seta short and thick with enlarged spinelike and the specimen was possibly aberrant. base; small scattered additional setae also oc­ curring subapically on plantar surface; dorso­ Specimens apical setae absent in Adelungia and Platyp1'oc­ AdelUllgia. Melichar; A. elegcl1Is Melichar; syntype; No. tu.s; Melicha1'ella with single enlarged seta. 6-14-66B; Moravske Museum · MelichU1'ell(~ Semenow; Ahngel'ia. plani/rons (Meli­ char) i determined by Melichar; No. 6-14-660; Discussion Moravske Museum See also subfamily discusuion. PeYC1'imhojfiora de Bergevin; P. garcata, de Bergevin; A male specimen of Peye1'imho!fiola galea.ta male specimen; National Museum of Natural de Bergevin was available for study and re­ Hislvry, Paris P[a./lIPl'OCtllS Lindberg; P. I('s.~cll((tll,~ Lindberg; No. sembled the Adelungiini in the reticulate pat­ 6-14-660; Zoological Museum, Helsinki

ACHRINI, NEW TRIBE Diagnostic Characters tibia row III with approximately 17 elongate, First valvulae with dorsoapical and ventro­ capitate setae, distal seta short, thick, and seti­ apical marginspseudodentate. Metathoracic form; metathoracic tibia with setae of ptoximal SELECTED CATEGORIES OF AUCHENORRHYNCHOUS HOMOPTERA 13 transverse row less than one-half length of ent in Be?·gevina,. Row III (fig. 5, G-III) with distal transverse spur bases. approximately 14 spatulate setae becoming pro­ gressively longer distad along tibia; row III terminated apically by short, thick seta dis­ Description similar from others of series. Row IV (fig. 5, G-IV) with approximately 17 capitate setae Length 6-7 mm. Pale gray to grayish brown, grading from small proximally in row to sub­ occasionally -.,vith dark-brown markings. Head equal in size distally to longest setae in row III. wider than pronotum and face pubescent; ocelli Distal transverse row (fig. 5, Hand 1) of on face. Tegmina with reticulate venation ab­ five spurs with elongate bases and thick elon­ sent. Femorotibial joint barely reaching pro­ gate setae; spur bases with smooth collars, epimeron. Metathoracic tibia quadrate in cross 'which are heavily sclerotized, and acute api­ section. cally; proximal transverse row with four short, thick setae on elevated bases. Group II (fig. 5, H) with two setae; medial seta equal to or Female Genitalia greater in length than spur setae and mounted on spinelike base; lateral seta equal to or longer Pygofer with anterior ridge paralleling ante­ than medial seta and mounted on elevated base. rior edge of tergum; ventrolateral surface with Group IV (fig. 5, 1) with single seta exceeding many small, conspicuous, scattered setae. apices of spur setae and mounted on spinelike First valvulae (fig. 5, A) blade shaped, rela­ base on apex of tibia. tively broad, and curved dorsad from base; Plantar surface of first tarsomere (fig. 5, J) sculpturing along dorsolateral surface reticu­ with two longitudinal rows of setae correspond­ late and contiguous with dorsal edge; apex (fig. ing in position to median rows of Adelungiini; 5, B) pseudodentate on dorsal and ventral mar­ medial row peglike, lateral row with broad gins; ventral connecting device extending ap­ spatulate setae, which curve distad from their proximately one-half total length of valvulae elevated bases; apex of tarsomere with en­ from base. Second valvulae (fig. 5, C, D, E) larged seta on medial surface and short, thick blade shaped with slight dorsad curve; dentate seta on lateral surface; other scattered, obtuse along distal one-half of dorsad edge (Aclmls setae present in some specimens; dorsoapical Lindberg and Be?'gevina Evans with few widely setae present but uneqp:J.I ir. size, with lateral spaced teeth, each inclined at low angle from base to acute apex, Sym]JhY]Jyga Haupt with seta smaller than medial many dentations, each inclined at high angle from base to acute apex) ; ventroapical edge of valvulae dentate and rami with medial scleroti­ Discussion zation absent. Third valvula with 9-20 con­ See subfamily discussion. spicuous setae subequal in size and scattered along ventrolateral surface. Specimens

Metathoracic Leg Achrus Lindberg; A. 1!iurone1·vo.~IIS Lindberg; No. 6·­ 14-66A; Zoological Museum, Helsinki Femoral formula 2:0:0 (fig. 5, F). Tibial row I (fig. 5, G-I) with 12-17 stout primary Bl.'rUl!l,jl1a Evans; lI1acrocl!ps ahnucri Melichar; deter­ setae, apical setae in row may be capitate; mined by M.eJichar; No. 6-14-66D; Moravske intercalary setae present but small and varia­ Museum ble. Row II (fig. 5, G-II) with five to seven SymphY1l11f1(l Haupt; S. obso/c(a. Haupt; determined by widely spaced prima.ry setae (which may be V. Kusnezov; No. 17~1-68E; British Museum capitate in AchnlS but are setaceous in Berge­ S. lIIUCIl/cdllS Singh-Pruthi; No. 24-7-66A; U.S. vina and SymphY]Jyga) ; intercalary setae pres­ National Museum 14 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1494, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGALLIINAE KIRKALDY Diagnostic Characters ventrolateral surface with macrosetae and mi­ First valvulae sculpture apparently reticu­ crosetae in members of group C (see discus­ late, maculose, or papillose; if reticulate or sion) and in Brasa Oman, members of groups maculose, cells or spots occurring in two series A and B with scattered microsetae or none except Brasa. of oblique rows with one series inclined distally and other proximally; therefore appearing First valvulae blade shaped with dorsad oriented in 1"nvs from ventral edge of sculpture curve from base; sculpture on dorsolateral sur­ area both dorsoapically and dorsobasally. Second face contiguous with dorsal edge and papillose, maculose, or reticulate; when papillose (fig. 6, valvulae rami with medial sclerotization absent. A) (Agallia cOt/sob/·ina Curtis), with each Femoral formula usually 2:1 :0. Metathoracic papillule cone shaped and distinctly raised tibia row III with primary setae beginning abruptly midway along tibia and continuing above surface of valvulae; when maculose (fig. distad; metathoracic tibia row IV with capitate 6, C) (Aceratagallia, Agalliana Oman, Bergal­ lia. Oman, Ceratagallia, and Ionia Ball), with setae in series, which become progressively larger distad. lVIetathoracic tibia with distal spots rounded and not distinctly raised but in transverse row of five fringed spur bases, base. oblique rows inclined distad from bases; when of median one exceeding length of others; group reticulate (fig. 7, A) (Agalliopsis, Agalliota II consisting of single elongate seta with base Oman, Austroagallia Evans, Brascl, Chromagal­ extending beyond tibial apex; group IV consist­ lia Linnavuori, Igerna Kirkaldy, NehelcL 'Vhite, ing of single elongate seta with apex exceeding and Stonasla 'White), with sculpture reticulate apices of transverse spur setae and with base and with oblique rows of cells inclined distad subapical on tibia. Metathoracic first tarsomere from bases; ventroapical region of first valvu­ terminated by series of setae and platellae in lae with scalelike sculpture; dorsoapical and ventroapical margins pseudodentate; ventral sequence from lateral to medial surface as fol­ connecting device extending one-third to one­ lows: One elongate, stout seta; one or two half length of valvulae from basco platellae; one long, thin seta exceeding length Second valvulae (figs. 6, Band D-I; 7, B-L) of other setae and platellae; one seta subequal to length of platellae. blade shaped, curved dorsad from base, and broadest point at approximately three-fourths length from base; dorsal prominence present in Description AgalUa consh·icta Van Duzee, Agallio]Jsis, Aus­ b·oagallia, Brasa, Chromagallia, Euragallia, ancI Length variable (3-9 mm). Usually b"rown I gerna but absent in Agallia consobrina, Agal­ or shades of brown, with black or red and [iota, Ionia, and Stonasla; dentation present black in some genera. Head with anterior mar­ along apical one-half of dorsal margin; teeth gin rounded in dorsal aspect and wider than relatively uniform in size and shape in A.. con­ pronotum; ocelli on face and clypeus extending sob/·ina., Agalliota., Eumgallia, j;nlia., and Ston­ beyond genae; pronotum granulose except in nsla but with teeth small basad and becoming Ceratagallia Kirkaldy and Acerataoallia, Kirk­ larger distad along valvulae in A. constricta, aldy, in which it bears transverse rugae. Scu­ A.ceratagaliia, AgalliancL, Agalliops-is, Aust1·o­ tellum granulose. Metathoracic femorotibial agallia, Bergallia, Ceratagallia, ChromagaLUa, joint not usually reaching proepimeron. and Ioerna; primary teeth usually simple (fig. 6, G) but with denticles present in Agallio])sis, Female Genitalia Agalliota, A1Ist1·oaoallia, Bl"asa, and Stonasln (fig. 7, D and G) ; ventroapical dentation pres­ Pygofer variable, anterior ridge usually con­ ent; outer rami with medial sclerotization tiguous with anterior margin of pygofer except absent. in Agallio]Jsis Kirkaldy and Euragallia Oman, Third valvulae with ventral edge curved dor­ with anterior ridge widely divergent dorsad; sad from base to blunt apex and with setation SELECTED CATEGORIES OF AUCHENORRHYNCHOUS HOMOPTERA 15 variable from few microsetae in single row to ing of single thick, elongate seta on elevated many scattered microsetae. base, which extends beyond tibial apex; apex of seta exceeding apices of spur setae. Group IV Metathoracic Leg (fig. 8, F) consisting of single thin, elongate seta possessing simple base subapical on tibia; Femoral formula (fig. 8, D) usually 2:1:0 apex of seta greatly exceeding apices of spur (individual variations of 2:1:1 sometimes occur­ setae. ring in E'wragallia and 2:0:0 in Agalliota). Tibial row I (fig. 8, A-I, B-1, C-I) with setae Plantar surface of metathoracic first tarso­ variable in number from 5 in Allst1'oagallia to mere (fig. 8, G and H) usually bearing two 12 in Agalliana; setae usually short and thick longitudinal rows of short setae, which may in (fig. 8, B-I) but may vary in length and thick­ some genera become scattered distad; tarso­ ness to long and thin (fig. 8, C-I) ; setal bases mere terminated (fig. 8, G and H) by row of elevated and intercalary setae present or ab­ setae and platellae in following sequence from sent. Row II (fig. 8, A-II, B-II, C-II) with lateral surface to medial: One elongate, stout approximately seven primary setae, usually seta; one or two short platellae; one long, thin seta and one short, thick seta; dorsoapical setae thicker and longer than setae of l'OW I; setal bases elevated; intercalary setae present and present and subequal in size. distinct. Row III (fig. 8, A-III, B-III, C-III) with four to seven primary setae beginning Discussion midway along tibia and continuing distad on elevated bases; intercalary setae present and Kirkaldy (22) was the first to refer to the continuing in series basad from limit of pri­ agalliines as a higher category by setting up mary series. Row IV (fig. 8, A-IV, B-IV, C-IV) the tribe Agalliini, which equaled the Bytho­ with approximately 20 clavate setae, which be­ scopini, and in 1906 Kirkaldy (23) elevated the come progressively longer distad; series termi­ tribe to subfamily status in the family Tetigo­ nated distally by seta indistinct from other niidae. Evans (12) referred to the agalliines setae of series (fig. 8, C-IV) in A'cJallio]Js'is, as a family; however, Oman (33) gave the Agalliota, Aust1'oagallia, Bmsa, Ch1"omagallia, group subfamily status in th~ Cicadellidae. Euragallia, and Nehela or with enlarged seti­ Metcalf (30) listed the agalliines as a family, form seta (fig. 8, A-IV, and B-IV) 'in Acerata­ the Agalliidae, which is composed of four sub­ gallia, Agallia Curtis, Agalliana, Bergallia, families as follows: Agalliinae, Austroagalloid­ Ce1'atagallia, Ionia, and Stonasla. inae, Melicharellinae, and Adelungiinae. The Distal transverse row (fig. 8, E and F) with present author considers the Agalliinae as a five spurs; bases thin, fringed, and elongate subfamily of the Cicadellidae. with middle base in series exceeding length of The Agalliinae was found to be a homoge­ other bases; spur setae thick, setiform, and neous group and efforts to define limits for approximately equal in length to one·half tribes were unsuGcessful because of overlapping length of their respective bases; proximal row character gradients; however, for convenience, of setae prominent, with simple bases and be­ three groups were established, which, for the coming progressively longer from group II specimens studied, may be recognized by the toward group IV. Group II (fig. 8, E) consist­ following key.

1. First valvulae with sculpture on dorsolateral surface maculose or papillose (fig. 6, A and G). First metathoracic tarsomere with apex of plantar surface bcal'ing two platellae (fig. 8, G) _~ ____ Group C (p. 16) First valvulae with sculpture on dorsolateral surface reticulate (fig. 7, A). First metathoracic tarsomere

with apex of plantar surface bearing single platella (fig. 8, H) "._ . ______H ____ •• _. ___,.". ___ •• ___ 2 2. Metathoracic tibia with row I bearing equal or greater number of setae than row II. Second valvula with teeth simple (fig. 6, G) ...... , _'" _ "" __ .•__ •._. _~ __ ._ Group B (p.16) Metathoracic tibia with row I bearing fewer setae than row II. Second valvulae with primary teeth bear­ ing denticles (fig. 7, D and G).. .. ______• __ . _"__._ .. _... _ ._._ ._.Group A (p. 16) 16 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1494, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Group A contains five genera as follows: from I ge1'na based on BythoscOp'llS (Oncopsis) Agalliopsis, Agalliota, Au,st1'oagaUia, Bmsa, bimaculicollis Stal. The species N ehela /lavo­ and Stonasla. They have the following morpho­ lineata Distant and N. elegant'llla Distant logical characters in common: should be transferred from N ehela to I gerna (1) Metathoracic tibia with row I possessing (new combinations). fewer setae than row II. Based on characters used in this study the (2) Second valvulae with primary teeth pos­ author believes that the Agalliinae is related to sessing denticles. the Megophthalminae and possibly to the Ade­ (3) First valvulae possessing reticulate lungiinae (see diagram, p. 2). Reasons for SCUlpture on dorsolateral surfaces. these conclusions are outlined in the discussions (4) First metathoracic tarsomere bearing of these groups. single platella. Group B contains five genera as follows: AgaUia (not including A. consobrina) , Ch1'01nGr Specimens gallia, Euragallia, Ige1'na, and Nehela. They Aceratagallia Kirkaldy; Bythoscopus sanguinolentus have the following morphological characters in Provancher; determined by D. A. Young; No. common: 8-6-66F; North Carolina State University (1) Metathoracic tibia with row I possessing Agallia Curtis; A. consobrina Curtis; No. 17-1-68B; equal or greater number of setae than row II. British Museum (2) Second valvulae with primary teeth not A. constricta Van Duzee; determined by D. A. Young; No. 8-6-66B ; North Carolina State bearing denticles. University (3) First valvulae possessing reticulate Agalliana Oman; BythosCOPllS sticticollis Stftl; No. 27- SCUlpture on dorsolateral surfaces. 7-66F; U.S. National Museum (4) First metathoracic tarsomere bearing A. sticticollis Still; Riksmuseum Stockholm single platella. Aga.lliopsis Kirkaldy; Jass'us novellus Say; determined Group C contains Agallia consobrina and five by D. A. Young; No. 8-6-66E; North Carolina genera as follows: Aceratagallia, AgalHana, State University Bergallia, Ceratagallia, and Ionia. The species J, novellus Say; U.S. National Museum and genera in this group have the following Agalliota Oman; Aga,llia punctuta Oman; No. 27-7­ morphological characters in common: 66C; U.S. National Museum (1) Metathoracic tibia with row I possessing Austroagallia Evans; A. torrida Evans; paratype; No. • 17-1-68C; British Museum equal or greater number of setae than row II. BergaUia Oman; BythoscopllS signatllS Still; No. 11-8­ (2) Second valvulae with teeth simple. 67A; U.S. National Museum (3) First valvulae possessing maculose sculp­ Bythoscopl(S signatus St:ll; Riksmuseum Stockholm ture on dorsolateral surfaces (A. consob1'ina Brasa Oman; Macropsis rugicollis Dozier; determined with papillose sculpture). by p, W. Oman; No. 27-7-66G; U.S. National (4) First metathoracic tarsomere bearing Museum two platellae. Cemtagallia Kirkaldy; AgaUia bigeloviae Baker; No. 27-7-66E; U.S. National Museum Agallia exhibited variation in that the type­ Chroma.ga,ilia Linnavuori; BytholJcopus fiavofalJciatulJ species, A. consob1'ina (a Palearctic species), Still; No. 27-7-66B; U.S. National Museum differed from all the Nearctic species ob­ EuragaUia Oman; Agallia furculata Osborn; No. 27-7­ served in the sculpture of the first valvulae, 66A; U.S. National Museum in general appearance and dentation of the A. furculata Osborn; type; Carnegie Museum second valvulae, and in seta,tion of the metatho­ Igel·na. Kirkaldy; BythoscoplllJ (Oncopsis) bimaculicol­ lis Still; No. 11-8-67B; U.S. National Museum racic leg and first tarsomere. Therefore in the N chela /Jimaclllicolli.~ Still; determined by Still; author's opinion the Nearctic species of Agallia Riksmuseum Stockholm should constitute a new genus. N. fia.volineata Distant (new combination); U.S. Based on the specimens studied, Aust1'oa­National Museum gallia is not a synonym of Nehela as indicated N. elegantula Distant (new combination); U.S. National Museum in Metcalf (30) and in Evans (15). Nehela, Ionia Ball; I. triunata Ball; No. 27-7-66D; U.,S. Na­ based on N. vult1trina White, is a genus apart tional Museum SELECTED CATEGORIES OF AUCHENORRHYNCHOUS HOMOPTERA 17

Nehela. White; N. vnltm'ina White; No. 17-1-68D; Stonasla White; S. undtllata White; paratype; No. 11- British Museum 1-68A; British Museum

MEGOPHTHALMINAE KIRKALDY Diagnostic Characters apical and ventroapical edges pseudodentate; ventral connecting device extending approxi­ First valvulae with sculpture on dorsolateral mately one-fourth length of valvulae from base. surface maculose, papillose, or both. Second Second valv\llae (fig. 9, B-E) blade shaped and valvulae rami with medial sclerotization absent; curved dorsad from base; dorsal prominence with teeth becoming progressively larger dis­ usually present; dentation on apical one-half tad; usually with dorsal prominence occurring of dorsal margin; teeth simple, irregular in three-fourths length of valve from base. Meta­ relative size from base of valvulae to apex, with thoracic tibia row IV with normally setiform basal teeth large, medial teeth small, and apical setae and with most distal primary seta usually teeth large; ventroapical dentation present; equaling primary setae of row III in size and rami with medial sclerotization absent. Third appearance; tibial group II consisting of single valvulae with small setae along ventrohteral stout seta with base on apex of tibia; group IY surface. consisting of single seta mounted on apex of tibia. Plantar surface of first metathoracic tar­ somere terminated by row of setae and platellae Metathoracic Leg in sequence from lateral surface to medial as Femoral formula (fig. 9, L) 2:0:0; ablateral follows: One short seta, one or two platellae, and adlateral setae apical on femur. Tibial row one elongate seta, and one short seta. I (fig. 9, F-I) with five to eight short, thick, irregularly spaced primary setae on elevated Description bases; intercalary setae present. Row II (fig. 9, F-II) usually with five (Pa1'o1nilopu with Length 3-5 mm. Light to medium brown. three) short, thick primary setae on elevated Head wider than posterior portion of pronotum ; bases; intercalary setae present. Row III (fig. 9, compound eyes prominent and protruding in F-III) with four to six short, thick primary frontal aspect; ocelli present. or absent; when setae on elevated bases; small intercalary setae present, located on face; head and pronotum present. Row IV (fig. 9, F-IV) variable; Me­ punctate. Forewings coriaceous and punctate gophthalnms (fig. 9, J) with approximately 18 except Megophthalmus Curtis, in which only setae in series becoming gradually larger dis­ basal portion is thickened. All tibiae square in tad along tibia and with terminal setae not cross section. comparable in size and appearance to terminal setae of row III; Tiuja (fig. 9, 1) with 11 and Female Genitalia Odo-mas Jacobi (fig. 9, K, male) with 21 setae in subequal series with terminal primary seta Pygofer with anterior ridge contiguous with enlarged and resembling primary setae of row anterior m2.... gin; small inconspicuous setae III; B1'enda (fig. 9, G) with 15 and Pm'oP'ltiopa scattered over ventrolateral surface. (fig. 9, H) with 11 setae in heterogeneous series First valvulae (fig. 9, A) blade shaped and with last 2 to 4 terminal primary setae en­ with slight dorsad curve from base; sculpture larged and resembling primary setae of row III. along dorsolateral surface papillose in Brenda Distal transverse row (fig. 9, M and N) with Oman, Megophthal'm1.ls, and Tiaja Oman; Paro­ five spurs with bases elongate and setae not P'ltlopu Fieber with papillose SCUlpture grading exceeding length of bases; proximal transverse into reticulate ventrally; ventroapical region row of setae present, conspicuous, mounted on with slender band of scalelike sculpture; dorso­ elevated bases, and greater than one-half length 18 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1494, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE of spur bases of distal transverse row. Tibial The megophthalmines were removed from the group II (fig. 9, M) consisting of single seta UIopinae for' the folloh'iiig reesons: with cucullate base on apex of tibia and with (1) First valvulae of Megophthalminae have ,apex exceeding apices of setae of distal spurs. rnacu!ose scu!:pture pattern, but first valvulae Group IV (fig. 9, N) consisting of single seta sculpture is strigate in UIopini and CephaleUni. with prominent base on apex of tibia and wH'h (2) Femoral formula of Megophthalminae apex exceeding apices of setae of distal spurs. is 2:0:0; femoral formula of UIopini and Ceph­ Plantar surface of first metathoracic tarso­ alelini is 0:0 :0. mere (fig. 9, 0) usually with two rows of short, (3) Second valvulae of megophthalmines stout setae starting midway on tarsomere and have simple primary teeth; primary teeth of becoming scatter~d distad (ParaP'LLlopa with UIopini and Cephalelini have dentic1es. scattered s~tae): tarsomere terminated by (4) Tibial group II of megophthalmines is serie of setae and platellae in sequence from represented by single enlarged seta, apex of lateral to medial surface as follows: One short, which exceeds apices of setae of distal trans­ stout seta; one or two platellae subequal in verse row of spurs; group II of Ulopini and length to first seta; one long, thin seta; one Cephalelini has small seta, apex of which does short, thick seta sabequal in length to platellae; not exceed apices of setae of distal transverse dorsoapical setae indistinct or absent; two lon­ row. gitudinal rows of setae on dorsal surface. (5) Tibial group IV of megophthalmines consists of single enlarged seta, apex of which exceeds apices of setae of distal transverse row Discussion of spurs and with base extending beyond apex The Megophthaliminae consists of a single of tibia; group IV of Ulopini and CephaleIini tribe. consists of one or more setae, none of which exceed length of setae of distal transverse row Dohrn (8) cataloged a group of genera, in­ and all with bases preapical on tibia. cluding Stenocotis Stal, Megophthalmu.s Curtis, (6) Prothoracic and mesothoracic tibiae of POJropia Germar, and Eu,pelix Germar, under megophthalmines are usually square in cross the Paropidae. Marshall (28, p. 82) synony­ section; tibiae of Ulopini and Cephalelini are mized Megophthal1n7.L8 and Pa1'opia and said dorsoventrally compressed. that since Megophthalm'lls was published before (7) Metathoracic tibia of megophthalmines Parapia, the name Me!,70phthalm~18 should is approximately twice length of prothoracic stand; however, he did not ehange the name of tibia, but in UIopini and Cephalelini, metatho­ the higher category, and it was Kirkaldy (23) racie tibia is less than twice length of pro­ who first published the higher category name thoracic tibia. Megophthalminae. (8) Face of megophthalmines has inverted Y­ Evans (15) placed the megophthalmines as shaped carina on both sides of midline; Ulopini a tribe in the Ulopinae and later he (17) de­ and Cephalelini do not have Y-shaped carina on fended this placement; however, the megoph­ face. thalmines were given subfamily status in this The megophthalmines are believed by the bulletin, because they were found to be a rec­ author to be related to the Agalliinae (see dia­ ognizable group on the basis of characteristics gram, p. 2) based on the following characters: not grading into characters possessed by the (1) Sculpture of dorsolateral surface of first ulopines (see below) and they lacked characters valvulae in megophthalmines is papillose to that the two tribes of the UIopinae (Ulopini maculose and is of type possessed by Agallia and Cephalelini) possess in common. Also, char­ consobrinu..'l Curtis. acters were found that in the present author's (2) General shape and appearance of second opinion indicate a relationship to the Agalliinae valvulae of megophthalmines fall within range (see pp. 18-19). of variation for second valvulae of Aga11iinae. SELECTED CATEGORIES OF AUCHENORRHYNCHOUS HOMOPTERA 19

(3) Shape and distribution of different tooth (6) Rami of second valvulae lack medial sizes along dorsal margin of second valvulae of sclerotization in megophthalmines and Agal­ megophthalmines are represented in some of liinae. Agalliinae genera (see illustrations of Megoph­ thalminae (fig. 9) and Agalliinae (figs. 6 and Specimens 7». BTenda Oman; PaTopulopa aToboTea Ball; No. 24-7­ 66D; U.S. National Museum (4) Arrangement of setae and platellae on M egophthalmus Curtis; Cicada scanica Fallen; deter­ mined by Fr. Heller; No. 24-7-66B; U.S. Na­ apex of plantar surface of first metathoracic tional Museum tarsomere of megopht~lalmines and agalliines is Ulopa scanica (Fallen); Riksmuseum Stockholm of same pattern and exhibits same variation. Odomas Jacobi; O. myops Jacobi; male specimt'n; A. Jacobi; typus; No. 26-2-68A; Museum fur (5) Tibial group II setal base is apical in Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universitiit zu position and apex of group II seta exceeds apex Berlin Pa1'opulopa Fieber; P. lineata Fieber; No. 24-7-66E; of setae of distal transverse row in megoph­ U.S. National Museum thalmines and Agalliinae; same is true of group Tiaja Oman; Paropulopa caUjo1"1tica Ball; No. 24-7­ IV seta. 66C; U.S. National Museum

UWPINAE LE PELETIER AND SERVILLE Diagnostic Characters to several diverse groups (Membracidae, Aethalionidae, and Jassidae) since their recog­ First valvula with sculptured area along dor­ solateral surface forming narrow longitudinal nition as a distinct group by Le Peletier and band separated from dorsal margin of valvula Serville (27). Evans (15) included the tribes by unsculptured area; sculpture of straight, Ulopini, Cephalelini, and Megophthalmini un­ oblique to chevron-shaped strigae. Second. val­ der the Ulopinae in the J assidae. The charac­ vulae outer rami with medial sclerotization; ters observed in the present study indicate a ventral connecting device of first valvulae ex­ close relationship between the Ulopini and tending over one-half length of valvulae from base. Femoral formula 0:0 :0. Metathoracic fe­ Cephalelini. Since the megophthalmines have mur with ventral surface densely set with characters unlike those relating the Ulupini and minute spines. Cephalelini, they have been removed from the Ulopinae and elevated to subfamily status. The Description characters of the Megophthalminae and Ulopi­ Size variable (4-13 mm). Usually brown. nae are compared in the preceding Megophthal­ Head, pronotum, and tegmina punctate; head minae discussion, and the characters common in dorsal aspect with anterior margin produced to the Ulopini and Cephalelini are given in the or truncate, usually as wide as or wider than diagnostic characters of the Ulopinae. pronotum; ocelli on crown or absent. Forewing The relationship of the Ulopinae to other usually coriaceous and opaque. Apex of meta­ thoracic femm' not reaching proepimeron. All groups included in this study was not deter­ tibiae in cross section with dorsal surface flat mined with the characters studied so far. This and ventral surface rounded. subfamily has tentatively been designated a position (see diagram, p. 2) between the groups with strigate sculpture on the first val­ Discussion vulae and those with reticulate or maculose The ulopines have been placed in or related first valvulae. 20 TECHNICAL BULLBTIN 1494, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ULOPINI LE PELETIER AND SERVILLE

Diagnostic Characters Metathoracic Leg Pygofer in lateral aspect with dorsolateral Femoral formula (fig. 11, B) 0:0 :0. Tibial extensions posterior to anal tube rounded; ante­ row I (fig. 11, A-I) usually with 14-25 short, rior ridge not widely divergent from anterior stout setae subequal in length and mounted on margin dorsad; pygofer with ventrolateral elevated bases (Ulopa with few small setae). surfaces possessing numerous scattered, small Row II (fig. 11, A-II) variable, usually with one setae. Metathoracic tibia with proximal trans­ to six short, stout setae with elevated bases and verse row of setae distinct; group IV with two numerous thin intercalary setae; setae of row to five setae. becoming scattered distad and merging with setae of row II. Row III (fig. 11, A-III; figure depicts Ulopa 1'eticulata (Fabricius) and is not Description characteristic of entire group) with 2-20 setae subequal in size except in Ulopa, MeSa?'g'llS Length 4-7 mm. Head in dorsal aspect wider Melichar, and AZlSt1'olopa with few thick, en­ than pronotum; anterior margin not usually larged setae. Row IV (fig. 11, A-IV) with 2-15 produced but if so, truncate; compound eyes setae. protruding laterally; ocelli on crown or absent. Distal transverse row (fig. 11, C-J) with Tegmina usually opaque and punctate. Meta­ spurs variable in number from 5 to 10, bases thoracic tibia usually exceeding length bf meso­ slightly elongate and with platellae approxi­ thoracic tibia. mately one-half length of base except in Ulopa with platellae subequal in length to spur base; proximal transverse row with setae (fig. 11, Female Genitalia C-J) approximately one-half length of distal row spur bases and with plain or slightlyraised Pygofer with anterior ridge not widely diver­ baEes; terminal seta of row IV sometimes occu­ gent from anterior margin dorsally; apex pying position within proximal transverse row rounded in lateral aspect; ventrolateral surface and appearing larger than setae of transverse with numerous scattered microsetae. series (fig. 11, G). Tibial group II (fig. 11, C First valvulae (fig. 10, A) blade shaped with and E) cbnsisting of enlarged seta on elevated slight dorsad curve from base; sculpture along base; base subapical on tibia and setal apex not dorsolateral surface forming narrow longitu­ exceeding apices of platellae of distal row; dinal band of oblique, semichevron-shaped companion setae present or absent, if present strigae separated from dorsal margin of val­ (fig, 11, G), inserted proximal to base of major vula by narrow unsculptured area, dorsoapical seta. Tibial group IV (fig. 11, D and F-J) and ventroapical margins pseudodentate; ven­ variable, usually consisting of one to five setae tral connecting device extending approximately on elevated bases inserted subapical to tibia one-half total length of valvulae from base. apex; apices of group IV setae not exceeding Second valvulae (fig. 10, C, E, G, I, K) blade apices of platellae of distal row. shaped and curved dorsad from base; dentation Plantar surface of first metathoracic brso­ along dorsoapical one-third of valvulae; quad­ mere (fig. 11, K-N) with 10-20 thick setae rate teeth with denticles subapically on valvu­ scattered distad; plantar surface terminated lae and grading into simple teeth apically (fig. apically by 4 to 5 platellae and platellalike 10, B, D, F, H, J) ; ventroapical margin dentate setae; tarsomere with dorsoapical setae absent. except in Aust?'olopa Evans and Ulopa Fallen; rami with medial sclerotization. Third valvulae curved dorsad from base to rounded apex and Discussion with many inconspjcuous microsetae and micro­ See al130 Ulopinae and Megophthalminae dis­ spines along ventrolateral surface. cussions. SELECTED CATEGORIES OF AUCHENORRHYNCHOUS HOMOPTERA 21

Evans (15) listed the genus Sic/wea. Stal as Coloborrhis Germ'J.r; G'a,bllia bellicosa Distant; No. 20- a member of the Ulopini. The present author 8-68B; U.S. Natiortal Museum has observed a male specimen of Sicha.ea ?nisel­C. corticina Germar; holotype; male specimen; Moravske Museum l1.lS Still from the Stockholm museum and has found the specimen to vary from the Ulopinae lIfegulopa Lindberg; lIf. sahlbe1'go1'Um Lindberg; male specimen; Zoological Museum, Helsinki in possessing definite cucullate setal bases in M. sahlbe1'g01-u?n Lindbt.'g; determined. by Kramer; row II of the metathoracic tibia (a character No. 24-3-70A; U.S. National Museum not found in any ulopine or megophthalmine Mesa1'gus Melichar; M. asperatus Melichar; holotype; specimens observed); a proximal transverse male specimen; No. 20-8-6SA; Moravske Mu­ row of cucullate setal bases on the apex of the seum metathoracic tibia (a character observed in the lI1oonia. Distant; M. sancita Distant; No. I6--S-6SA; ledrines, Austroagalloidinae, and two genera U.,s. National Museum of the Eurymelini but not in the Ulopini, Ceph­ Ozias Jacobi; O. pedestris Jacobi; determined by A. alelini, or Megophthalminae); and a femoral Jacobi; typus; male specimen; Museum flir formula of 2:0:0 (Ulopini and Cephalelini pos­ Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin sess a formula of 0:0 :0). Pending the observa­ tion of a female specimen, the genus Sichaea Sichaea StM; Acocephallls 1Il.isellns Still; typus; male Stal is therefore excluded from the Ulopini in specimen; Riksmuseum Stockholm this study. Taslopa Evans; T. montana Evans; determined by J. W. Evans; No. 2S-10-68K; J. W. Evans Specimens personal collection Austrolopa Evans; A. bm'nensis Evans; determined by Ulopa Fallen; Cercopis 1'cticulata Fabricius; deter­ J. W. Evans; No. 16-S-6SB; U.S. National mined by R. B. Davis; No. 27-7-66A; North Museum Carolina State University

CEPHALELINI AMYOT AND SERVILLE

Diagnostic Characters surface with few or no microsetae; apex acute in lateral aspect. Pygofer in lateral aspect with dorsolateral First valvulae (fig. 12, A) blade shaped and extensions posterior to anal tube acute; ante­ relatively straight or with slight dorsad curve rior ridge widely divergent from anterior mar­ from base; sculpture along dorsolateral sur­ gin dorsally; ventrolateral surfaces possessing face usually forming narrow longitudinal band few or no small setae. Metathoracic tibia with of chevron-shaped strigae separated from dor­ proximal transverse row of setae indistinct or sal margin of valvulae by narrow unsculptured absent; group IV consisting of single seta. area; strigae sometimes appearing as oblique lines and sometimes with dorsal ends of strigae Description divided into cells (fig. 12 B) ; dorsal and ven­ Length 7-13 mm. Head in dorsal aspect as troapical margins pseudodentate; ventral con­ wide as pronotum; anterior margin produced necting device extending approximately one­ and acute; compound eyes within contour of half total length of valvulae from base. Second head and not protruding laterally; ocelli on valvulae (fig. 12, C, E, G) varying in general crown or absent. Tegmina thick, opaque, and shape and appearance as follows: Elongate and punctate. Metathoracic tibia subequal to length relatively straight or short and with dorsad of mesothoracic tibia. curve from base; heavily sclerotized or lightly scIerotized ; dentation confined to dorsoapical Female Genitalia one-fourth of valvulae or extending approxi­ Pygofer with anterior ridge widely divergent mately one-half total length. Second valvulae from anterior margin dorsally; ventrolateral primary teeth with denticles present (fig. 12, 22 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1494, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

D, F; H); dentation absent on ventroapical Plantar surface of first metathoracic tarso­ margin; rami possessing medial sclerotization. mere (fig. 12, M) with approximately eight Third valvulae variable in shape; few micro­ short, thick setae scattered distad; apex of setae along ventrolateral surface except in plantar surface usually terminated by (se­ small species of Cephalelu.s Percheron; micro­ quence from lateral to medial surface of) four spines numerous and resembling microsetae. platellae or platella-like setae, space, and two setae; trasomere with dorsoapical setae absent. Metathoracic Leg Femoral formula (fig. 12, J) 0:0 :0. Tibial Discussion row I (fig. 12, I-I) with setae small and short The relationships of the Cephalelini have or absent; varying in number from 0 to 20 and been given in the Ulopinae and Megophthal­ uniform in size when present. Row II (fig. 12, minae discussions. I-II) variable, absent, or with several small setae subequal in size to setae of row I and with one or more enlarged setae distad, setae usually Specimens becoming scattered distad and merging with Cephalelu8 Percheron; Cephalelu8 sp.; determined by setae of row III. Row III (fig. 12, I-III) usually J. W. Evans; No. 28-10-68A; J. W. Evans' of 6-12 short, stout setae in series becoming personal collection enlarged distad along tibia. CephalelU8 sp.; determined. by J. W. Evans; No. Distal transverse row (fig. 12, K and L) with 28-10-68B; J. W. Evans' personal collection Cephalelu8 sp.; determined by J. W. Evans; No. spurs varying from five to seven; bases thick; 28-10-68C; J. W. Evans' personal collection setae ranging from platellalike to setalike and Cepha,zelus sp.; determined by J. W. Evans; No. each subequal to length of bases; proximal 28-10-68D; J. W. Evans' personal collection transverse row indistinct or absent; terminal Cephalelu8 sp.; determined by J. W. Evans; No. seta of row IV occupying position of proximal 28-10-68E; J. W. Evans' personal collection transverse row seta (fig. 12, L). Tibial group Cephalelu8 sp.; No. 27-6-66A; U.S. National Mu­ seum K) II (fig. 12, usually consisting of single Paracephaleus Evans; Paracephaleus sp.; determined short, stout seta on elevated base; base inserted by J. W. Evans; No. 28-10-68F; J. W. Evans' proximal to apices of distal row spur bases; personal collection seta not exceeding length of spur setae; com­ Pamcephaleu8 sp.; determined by J. W. Evans; panion setae usually absent. Tibial group IV No. 28-10-68G; J. W. Evans' personal collec­ (fig. 12, L) consisting of single short, stout tion seta with simple base; setal apex not exceeding Paracephaleu8 sp.; determined by J. W. Evans; No. 28-10-68H; J. W. Evans' personal collec­ apices of spur bases. tion

AUSTROAGALWIDINAE EVANS Diagnostic Characters Description First valvula sculpture strigate. Second val­ Length 8-10 mm. Brown to reddish brown. vula with widely spaced primary teeth pos­ Head in dorsal aspect with anterior margin sessing denticles and with ventral preapical rounded; wider than pronotum and with ocelli prominence. Proximal transverse row of meta­ v~3ible but situated on face; pronotum trans­ thoracic tibia with cucullate setal bases; seta versely rugose. Scutellum with anterolateral of ti~ial group II with apex not exceeding granulose areas differing in texture from and apices of distal transverse spur bases; base usually darker than background. Forewings cucullate and apex of base subequal to apices of hyaline with veins usually reddish and punctate cucullate setal bases of proximal transverse in claval area. Metathoracic femur not reach­ row. ing proepimeron. SELECTED CATEGORIES OF AUCHENORRHYNCHOUS HOMOPTERA 23

Female Genitalia 13, F) with cucullate bases, medial setae with elevated bases. Tibial group II (fig. 13, F) con­ Pygofer with anterior ridge contiguous with sisting of single stout seta with cucullate base, anterior margin; ventrolateral surface with which extends one-half length of spur bases, many small setae becoming larger ventrally. and with setal apex not exceeding apices of First valvulae (fig. 13, A) blade shaped and spur bases of distal row. Tibial group IV (fig. with strong dorsad curve originating midway 13, G) consisting of single seta on elevated along valvulae; sculpture along dorsolateral base, which is inserted preapically on tibia; surface finely strigate and contiguous with dor­ apex of seta not exceeding apices of setae of sal margin of valvulae; dorsoapical and ventro­ distal transverse row of spurs. apical margins pseudodentate; ventral connect­ Plantar surface of first metathoracic tarso­ ing devil:e extending less than one-half total mere (fig. 13, H) with numerous short, stout length of valvulae from base. Second valvulae setae scattered on either side of elongate, medial (fig. 13" B) elongate, blade shaped, and widest membranous area; tarsomere terminated by six at approximately three-fourths total length to seven platellae and one seta on elevated base from base; apical one-third of dorsal margin in series from lateral to medial surface; dor­ with large widely spaced teeth, of which basal soapical setae absent. ones are rounded and more distal ones are more closely spaced and quadrate; minute denti­ cles on quadrate teeth (fig. 13, C) ; ventral pre­ Discussion apical prominence present; rami with medial The Austroagalloidinae consists of a single sclerotization. Third valvulae elongate, ventral tribe. margin with dorsad curve from base to apex, Evans (10) described the genus Austroagal­ dorsal and ventral margins subparallel on loides Evans and placed it in the Bythoscopidae. apical one-half of valvulae; ventrolateral sur­ He also indicated that the genus superficially face with many small setae. resembled species in the genus Idiocerus Lewis and was thought to be related to Agallia Curtis. Metathoracic Leg Evans (11) elevated the group to family status; however, he (15) placed the austroagalloidines Femoral formula (fig. 13, D) 2:0:0; ablat­ as a subfamily of the Jassidae and suggested a eral and adlateral setae apical in position. Tibial resemblance to the Melicharellinae (Adelun­ row I (fig. 13, E-I) with approximately nine giinae in this bulletin). short, thin, widely spaced setae; intercalary The Austroagalloidinae includes only a sin­ setae absent. Row II (fig. 13, E-II) with ap­ gle genus, Aust1'oagalloides, and is confined to proximately nine short, stout setae; intercalary Australia. The author did not have access to setae absent. Row III (fig. 13, E-III) with the type-species (Au,.st1'oagalloides karoondae approximately 12 primary setae becoming larg­ Evans) l but he did have a ~,eries of three spe­ er distad along tibia and exceeding length of cies that were homogeneous with reference to setae of rows I and II; intercalary setae present the characters described here for the group. distally. Row IV (fig. 13, E-IV) with approxi­ The Austroagalloidinae in the author's opin­ mately 35 thin setae subequal in length to setae ion' is related 'to. the Eurymelinae and not the of row III; setal row extending basad along Agalliinae or Adelungiinae (Melicharellinae) tibia farther than setae of rows I, II, and III, (see diagram, p. 2) for the following reasons: its setae becoming progressivE)ly longer, and (1) Plantar surface of metathoracic first with alternation of long and short setae distally. tarsomere of the Eurymelinae and Austroagal­ Distal transverse row of spurs (fig. 13, F and loidinae is similar as to presence of extensive G) with five short, thick apical setae approxi­ midventral membranous area (not observed in mately one-half length of their fringed bases; any other groups studied) with numerous set~e proximal transverse row of setae distinct and scattered on either side, subequal in length to setae of distal transverse (2) Prothoracic first tarsomere of Eurymeli­ row; two lateral setae on group II surface (fig. nae possesses wide, flat plantar surface, which 24 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1494, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

is densely set with small setae; same condition (2) Second valvulae of Austroagalloidinae occurs in Austroagalloidinae but with fewer possess ventral preapical prominence, which is setae present. absent in Adelungiinae and Agalliinae. (3) Proximal transverse row of setae on (3) Row IV of Austroagalloidinae consists metathoracic tibia possesses cucullate setal of series of setiform setae; Adelungiinae and bases. This character, though not found in all Agalliinae possess series of clavate setae in the eurymelids, is present in the genera Bake'r­ row IV on metathoracic tibia. iana Evans and [po Kirkaldy (not observed in (4) Apices of setae of groups II and IV in any other higher categories studied). Austroagalloidinae do not exceed apices of (.:1) Eurymelinae and Austroagalloidinae setae of distal transverse row of spurs; groups possess strigate sculpture on dorsolateral sur­ II and IV of metathoracic tibia of Adelungiinae face, whereas Adelungiinae and Agalliinae have and Agalliinae have seta whose apex exceeds sculpture that is reticulate, maculose, or both apices of setae of distal transverse row of on first valvulae. spurs. (5) Second valvulae of Eurymelinae and (5) Proximal transverse row of setae of Austroagalloidinae have large, widely spaced metathoracic tibia possesses cucullate bases in primary teeth unlike other groups observed Austroagalloidinae, but cucullate bases are ab­ (however, primary teeth of Austroagalloidinae sent in Adelungiinae and Aga11iinae. possess minute denticles, which are absent in (6) Plantar surface of first metathoracic Eurymelinae) . tarsomere of Austroagalloidinae has elongate, (6) Limited range (Australia and neighbor­ medial membranous area, which is absent in ing islands) and host plants, primarily euca­ Adelungiinae and Agalliinae. lypts) are overlapping for these two sub­ families. . Specimens The Austroagalloidinae is not believed by the Austroagalloides Evans; A. rosea Evans; determined author to be closely related to the Adelungiinae by J. W. Evans; No. 21-6-66C; J. W. Evans' personal collection (Melicharellinae of Evans (15» or the Agal­ A. 7'osea Evans; determined by J. W. Evans; No. liinae for the following reasons: 21-6-66B; J. W. Evans' personal collection (1) First valvulae of Austroagalloidinae are A. brunnea Evans; determined by J. W. Evans; strigate; first valvulae of Adelungiinae and No. 21-6-66A; J. W. Evans' personal collection Agalliinae possess reticulate sculpture patterns. A. obligeus (Walker); determined by J. W. Evans; No. 21-6-66D; J. W. Evans' personal collection

EURYMELINAE AMYOT AND SERVILLE Diagnostic Characters Description Second valvulae with large, smooth, widely Length 4-14 mm. Color variable, usually spaced teeth void of denticles. Tibial group II brown or black; orange, red, or white markings consisting of single seta with cucullate base not on some genera. Head variable, face usually flat . exceeding apices of bases of distal transverse and glabrous; pronotum transversely rugose. row of spurs; group IV consisting of one or Scutellum coarsely granular to punctate and more setae with bases extending beyond apex generally with two small, finely granulose, an­ of tibia. Plantar surface of first metathoracic terolateral areas; area posterior to transverse tarsomere possessing extensive medial, elon­ suture transversely rugose. Metathoracic femur gate membrl:\.nous area; first prothoracic tarso­ not reaching proepimeron. mere dorsoventra!ly compressed, and plantar Discussion surface with dense padlike covering of small The eurymelines were regarded by many setae (fig. 17, A). authors, including Kirkaldy (24), as members SELECTED 'CATEGORIES OF AUCHENORRHYNCHOUS HOMOPTERA 25

of the Bythoscopidae. Evans (9) elevated the tained in the Eurymelinae and Ipoinae of Evans group to family status, and later Ross (37) (14), which were combined by the present suggested that the Eurymelidae be transferred author because character gradients in the fe­ to the Cicadellidae. Evans (16) again still con­ males were continuous between the Euryme­ sidered the group as a family, the Eurymelidae. linae and Ipoinae, and no satisfactory diagnos­ The eurymelines are considered by the author tic characters for distinguishing the two g-roups to constitute a subfamily (Eurymelinae) of the were discovered (see also Eurymelini discus­ Cicadellidae and to be composed of two tribes­ sion). The Pogonoscopini is composed of the Eurymelini and Pogonoscopini-rather than a genera of the Pogonoscopinae of Evans (14). family (Eurymelidae) composed of three sub­ The Eurymelini and Pogonoscopini may be familics-Eurymelinae, Ipoinae, and Pogono­ distinguished on the basis of the following char­ scopinae--as proposed by Evans (16). acteristics : Subfamily status was given to the euryme­ (1) Eurymelini has cucullate setal bases in , lines here, because, relative to the other groups row II of metathoracic tibia; Pogonoscopini included in this study, the gap separating the does not. eurymelids from the other members of the (2) Intercalary setae of metathoracic tibial Cicadellidae is no greater than that separating row IV form longitudinal strip several rows the Ulopinae or Xestocephalinae from the cica­ wide in Eurymelini but not in Pogonoscopini. dellids. Also, the presence of a distinct gap be­ (3) Pogonoscopini has compound eyes re­ comes even more obscure when the relationship duced and tibiae elongate relative to Eury­ of the eurymelines and the Austroagalloidinae melini. is considered (see Austroagalloidinae discus­ (4) Face of Eurymelini is glabrous; Pogo­ sion) . noscopini possesses hairlike setae, small spines, The Eurymelini is composed of genera con- or both on face.

EURYMELINI AMYOT AND SERVILLE

Diagnostic Characters Cm'nutipo Evans, Ipo Kirkaldy, and Opio Evans, with anterior ridge diverging from Labium with two segments exposf'd; face anterior margin dorsally; ventrolateral sur­ glabrous. Metathoracic tibia with rows II and faces with small, usually inconspicuous setae. sometimes III with cucullate setal bases; row First valvulae (fig. 14, A and B) blade shaped IV with wide strip of intercalary setae. and relatively straight from base to rounded apex; sculpture along dorsolateral surface stri­ Description gate; dorsoapical and ventroapical margins Length 4-13 mm. Color usually dark but may pseudodentate; ventral connecting device usu­ be brown, reddish brown, red and black, or ally not prominent, or if well defined, extending white and black. Head in dorsal aspect short; one-half to two-thirds total length of valvulae .. eyes prominent, equal to or wider than pro­ from base. Second valvulae (figs. 14, C-J, 15, notum; ocelli on face; face rugose and without 16, A and B) blade shaped and straight; usually setae or spines; clypeus not extending beyond narrow in area of dorsomedial fusion and be­ genae. Tibiae short relative to tibiae of Pogo­ coming much wider distad; prominent rounded noscopini; metathoracic tibia with cucullate teeth without denticles on apical one-half of setal bases and with rows I and II situated on dorsal margin, and usually becoming smaller longitudinal ridges. and more closely spaced distad; apex of valvu­ lae obliquely truncate to broadly rounded; ven­ Female Genitalia troapical dentation absent; rami with medial Pygofer with anterior ridge contiguous with sclerotization. Third valvulae with ventral mar­ anterior margin except in Ba7ce'rianct Evans, gin curved slightly dorsad from base to apex; 26 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1494, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

numerous usually small setae scattered over C and J) consisting of single short, stout seta ventrolateral surfaces. on cucullate base; base extending approximately two-thirds length of transverse spur bases and Metathoracic Leg apex of seta not exceeding apices of setae of transverse row of spurs. Tibial group IV (fig. Femoral formula (fig. 16, C) usually 2:0:0; 17, D-H) consisting of one seta on elevated ablateral anti adlateral setae apical on femur. base, which extends beyond tibial apex and Tibial row I (fig. 16, D-I, E-I, F-I) with 2-14 with apex of seta slightly exceeding apices of short, thick primary setae; cucullate bases ab­ setae of distal transverse row; companion setae sent; intercalary setae short, hairlike, and usu­ variable in number from one to four and in ally numerous except fn Bakeriana, E'llrymela series usually continuous with setae of proxi­ Le Peletier and-Serville, and E'llrymeloides Ash­ mal transverse row. mead. Row II (fig. 16, D-II, E-II, F-II) with Plantar surface of first metathoracic tarso­ one to five primary setae possessing cucullate mere (fig. 17, Band J) with numerous long, bases, other primary setae sometimes with thin setae scattered on either side of elongate, simple elevated bases; intercalary setae short, medial membranous area; plantar surface ter­ hairlike, and varying in number. Row III (fig. minated apically by seta ana oblique row of six 16, D-III, E-III, F-IIl) with 3-12 primary to seven blade-shaped setae and one seta on setae; definite cucullate bases present in E'll1'y­ elevated base in series from lateral to medial mela, E'llrymeloides, E'llrymelops Kirkaldy, surfaces; tarsomere with dorsoapical setae Opio, Pauripo Evans, and Platye'll1'ymela Evans absent. (other genera with raised, plane, or both bases) ; intercalary setae usually forming dense, wide, longitudinal strip, except in Bake1'iana Discussion (without intercalary setae) ; intercalary setae See Eurymelinae discussion. of longitudinal strip usually thin and elongate The Eurymelini was formed by combining except in Cornutipo and Cormdipoides ~vans. the Eurymelinae and Ipoinae of Evans (H), Row IV (fig, 16, D-IV, E-IV, F-IV) with five because satisfactory diagnostic characters were to seven primary setae in Eu,rymela, E'll1'yme­ not found in the females to 'separate the two lita Evans, Eurymelops, Pauroe1trymela EvaNS, groups. The primary distinguishing character­ and Piatyeurymela (other genera with primary istic used by Evans (16) to recognize the sub­ setae absent or obscure) ; longitudinal strip of families was the presence or absence of styles intercalary setae present but varying inter­ on the male plates. Males of all the genera generically in width and setal length; inter­ were not available to the present author for calary setae of A nacornutipo Evans, A nip!> study; however, the presence or absence of Evans, Eurymeloides, Jpo, Jpoides Evans, l(ati­ styles as a diagnostic character is uncertain, po Evans, and Opio long, thin, and appearing because Evans (9, p. 150) stated that ". , . hairlike (fig. 16, F-IV). with few exceptions the males have no styles Distal transverse row (fig, 17, C-H) with on the ·subgenital plates." five to eight spurs; bases relatively long but irregular in length within each series (one to Specimens two long lateral bases, one short base, and with . remaining bases progressively lengthened me­ Anaco,'nutipo Evans; Eurymela lignosa Walker; deter­ mined by J. W. Evans; No. 27-3-67J; North diad in series) ; setae less than one-half length Carolina State University of their respective bases; proximal transverse Anipo Evans; E1l1'ymela, porriginosa Signoret; No. 8-8­ row of setae varying in length, with plane or 66E; U.S. National Museum elevated bases; Bakeriana -(fig, 17,1) and [po B akeriana Evans; Jpo procw-rens Jacobi; determined with cucullate bases; setae of proximal trans­ by J. W. Evans; No. 27-3-67F; J. W. Evans' verse row approximately one-half length of personal collection svur bases of distal transverse row (except Cornutipo Evans; C. scalpellum Evans; determined by J. W. Evans; No. 28-3-67C; J. W. Evans' Bakeriana and Jpo) , Tibial group II (fig. 17, personal collection SELECTED CATEGORIES OF AUCHENORRHYNCHOUS HOMOPTERA 27

Cornutipoides Evans; C. tricornis Evans; determined Ipo Kirkaldy; Cicada pellucida. Fabricius; determined by J. W. Evans; No. 27-3-67D; North Caro­ by J. W. Evans; No. 2S-3-67B; J. W. Evans' lina State University personal collection Eurymela Le Peletier and Serville; E. /enestrata Le Ipoella. Evans; I. fidelis Evans; determined. by J. W. Peletier and Serville; No. S-S-66A; U.S. Na­ Evans; No. 27-3-67K; North Carolina State tional Museum University Ipoides Evans; I. hackeri Evans; determined by J. W. EUT1jrnelessa Evans; Eurymeloides moruya11a Distant; Evans; No. 27-3-67G; North Carolina State No. 24-3-6SB; British Museum University EUT1jmelessa, froggati Evans; determined by J. 'V. Ka,tipo Evans; Ellrymeloides rubrivenosus Kirkaldy; Evans; female; U.S. National Museum Jetermined by J. W. Evans; No. 27-3-67H; Eurymelita Evans; Eurymela tenninalis Walker; de­ North Carolina State University termined by J. W. Evans; No. S-S-66B; U.S. E. rubrivenoSlls KirkaldYi No. S-S-66G; U.S. Na­ National Museum tional Museum Eurymeloides Ashmead; Eurymelt't bicincta Eirchson; Opio Evans; Bythoscoplls 7nllltistriga. Walker; deter­ No. 24-3-6SE; British Museum mined by J. W. Evans; No. 27-3-671; J. W. Eurymelias hyacinthus Kirkaldy; No. 24-3-6SC; Evans' personal collection British Museum Pauripo Evans; P. insltlaris Evans; determined by Eurymela rnarmorata Burmeister; No. S-S-66F; J. W. Evans; No. 27-3-67,E; J. W. Evans' per­ U.S. National Museum sonal coIlection Eurymelops Kirkaldy; Eurymela T1tbrovittata Amyot Pauroeurllmela, Evans; Eury-ntela. amplicineta. Walker; and Serville; determined by Z. P. M.; No. 14- determined by J. W. Evans; No. S-S-66C; U.S. 6-66E; North Carolina State University National Museum Eurymela la,a/ascia Walker; determined by J. W. PlatyeuT1jmela Evans; EUT1J1nela semifascia Walker; Evans; No. S-S-66D; U.S. National Museum No. 24-3-6SD; British Museum

POGONOSCOPINI CHINA Diagnostic Characters First valvulae (fig. 18, A) as in Eurymelini, with ventral connecting device not well defined. Labium with three segments exposed; face Second valvulae (fig. 18, B and C) as in Eury­ with spines, hairlike setae, or both. Metatho­ melini, with apex broadly rounded. Third val­ racic tibia with setae of rows II and III pos­ vulae slightly curved dorsad from base to apex, sessing plane bases (cucullate setal bases and ventrolateral edge with numerous elongate, absent). hairlike setae.

Description Metathoracic Leg Length 8-10 mm. Reddish brown. Head in Femoral formula indistinct (fig. 18, E); dorsal aspect not exceeding width of pronotum, varying number of short, thick, scattered setae. short and rounded apically; eyes reduced; Tibial row I (fig. 18, D-I) with 10-20 primary ocelli on face; face finely rugose and usually setae irregular in spacing and alinement; nu­ with hairlike setae; clypeus usually extending merous scattered, hairlike intercalary setae beyond genae. Tibiae elongate; metathoracic - present and sh01;ter than primaries; cucullate tibia not possessing prominent setal bases and setal bases absent. Row II (fig. 18, D~II) with with rows I and II not on ridges as in Eury­ approximately 20 primary setae shorter than melini. setae of row I but similar in general appear­ ance and spacing; numerous scattered, hairlike Female Genitalia intercalary setae; cucullate setal bases absent. Pygofer with anterior ridge contiguous with Row III (fig. 18, D-III) with approximately anterior margin; ventrolateral and dorsolateral 10 primary setae, irregular in length; numerous surfaces with many conspicuous, elongate, hair­ scattered, hairlike intercalary setae present; like setae. cucullate setal bases absent. Row IV (fig. 18, 28 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1494, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

D-IV) with approximately 16 primary setae China (,0 proposed the new subfamily Pogo­ and with numerous scattered, hairlike inter­ noscopinae for a group which he said resem­ calary setae; cucullate setal bases absent. bled Eurymelinae on the basis of genitalia and Distal transverse row of spurs (fig. 18, F and wing characters, approached the Bythoscopinae G) as in Eurymelini; proximal transverse row in the shape of the head and pronotum, and of setae present and subequal in length to spur differed from the Eurymelinae in the structure bases of distal row. Tibial group II (fig.. 18, F) and armature of the hind tibiae. He also used as in Eurymelini except in Lasiosco]fuS China, the total number of teeth on the female second which has two cucullate setal bases; group IV valvulae as species char2cters in the genus (fig. 18, G) as in Eurymelini. Pogonosco]J'llS China. Plantar surface of first metathoracic tarso­ The Pogonoscopini is considered related to mere (fig. 18, H) with numerous long, thin the Eurymelini on the basis of mutual posses­ setae scattered on either side on elongate, me­ sion of characters listed as diagnostic charac­ dial membranous area as in Eurymelini; plantar ters of the Eurymelinae and may be distin­ surface terminated by one elongate, normal • guished from the Eurymelini by characters seta, oblique row of approximately four blade­ mentioned in the Eurymelinae discussion. shaped setae, and one elongate, normal seta on elevated base in series from lateral to medial surface; tarsomere with dorsoapical setae Specimens absent. Lasioscopus China; Eurymeioides acmaeops China; No. 24-a-68A; British Museum Discussion Pogonoscoplls China; P. 'myrmex China; determined See Eurymelinae discussion. by J. W. Evans; No. 28-3-67A; North Caro­ lina State University

AETALIONIDAE SPINOLA

Diagnostic Characters species. Spinola (.~O) first recognized the aeta­ Second valvulae with small setae on dorso­ lionids as a higher category when he listed lateral surface basad. Metathoracic tibia with them as a subfamily, the Aetalionoideae. Dis­ scattered setae, and with one, two, or no orga­ tant (7), in discussing the membracid species nized rows of setae; group II and group IV Kleidos v01lleris Buckton and placing it near absent. Plantar surface of metathoracic first Aetalion, said that ShU had located Aetalion tarsomere with numerous scattered setae; ter­ near the end of the Centrotinae (Membraci­ minal transverse row of setae, platelIae, or both dae) and that Ashmead placed the Aetalioninae absent. in the Bythoscopidae on the basis of the position of the ocelli. Handlirsch (18) described the Description Aetalionidae and in a synonymy indicated past attempts to relate the aetalionids to various Length 7-35 mm. Brown to black. Head de­ groups, including the Cercopida, Eurymelides, flexed and not exceeding width of pronotum; Membracidae, and Jassidae. eyes protruding laterally; ocelli on face; head, Metcalf and Wade (32) listed the aetalionids pronotum, and forewings punctate. Mf'tatho­ as a family, Aetalionidae, containing two sub­ racie femorotibial joint not reaching proepim­ families, Aetalioninae and Darthulinae, with eron. Metathoracic. tibia with setae scattered the Aetalioninae consisting of the tribes Aeta­ and forming two or fewer definite rows. lionini, Tolaniini, and Abelini. The present au­ thor has not seen members of the last two Discussion tribes. The aetalionids exhibit characters of unity, Latreille (26) defined the genns Aetalion which also form a well-defined gap separating using Cicada 1·eticulata Linne as the type­ them from the other taxa studied. These char­ SELECTED CATEGORIES OF AUCHENORRHYNCHOUS HOMOPTERA 29 acters are listed previously as diagnostic char­ and cercopids, was not investigated, and be­ acters of the family. Because of limited time cause the aetalionids are distinct from the and materials, the relationship of the aetalio­ members of the Cicadellidae studied, the author nids to other groups, such as the membracids assigned the group family status.

AETALIONINAE SPINOLA Diagnostic Characters sc1erotization. Third valvulae with ventral edge relatively straight from base to rounded Metathoracic tibia with row III present and apex; setae along ventrolateral surface con­ possessing approximately 30 setae with cucul­ spicuous and irregular in size. late bases; row II sometimes represented by 4 to 8 setae with cucullate bases; rows I and IV Metathoracic Leg absent. Femoral formula (fig. 19, G) 0:0 :0. Tibia Description with many scattered setae (fig. 19, E). Row I absent. Row II, if present, with four to eight Length 7-14 mm. Brown, reddish brown, or setae with cucullate bases. Row III (fig. 19, black. Pronotum not usually keeled. Forewings D and E) with approximately 30 setae possess­ semitransparent to hyaline. Pygofer not pos­ ing cucullate bases. Row IV absent. sessing extensions posterior to anal tube as long Distal transverse row (fig. 19, F) with ap­ as or longer than abdomen anterior to anal proximately 14 spurs; bases short, wide, and tube. with thin setae subequal in length to bases; medial bases of series shorter than lateral Female Genitalia bases; proximal transverse row indistinct or absent. Tibial groups II and IV absent. Pygofer with anterior ridge continguous Plantar surface of first metathoracic tarso­ with anterior margin; lateral surfaces with mere (fig. 19, G) with numerous short, thin, many conspicuous, elongate setae and extended scattered setae; terminal transverse row of distal to anal tube in form of projection equal­ setae, platellae, or both absent; single spine ing one-half total length of pygofer. sometimes occurring laterally; tarsomere with First valvulae (fig. 19, A) narrow, blade dorsoapical setae absent. shaped, and straight; sculpture along dorsolat­ eral surface apparently strigate distad and be­ coming irregular to leprous basad; dorsoapical Discussion and ventroapil'al margins with dentation absent; See Aetalionidae discussion. ventral connecting device extending three­ fourths total length of valvulae from base. Sec­ Specimens ond valvulae (fig. 19, B) blade shaped and straight; teeth small, uniform in size ~and dis­ Aetalion Latreille; Cicada reticulatu7n L.; determined tribution, and in series extending one-half by Z. P. M.; No. 8-2-67A; North Carolina State University length of valvulae distad; apex rounded; ven­ A. parviceps Signoret; determined by Z. P. M.; troapical dentation absent i small setae basad No. 27-8-68A; North Carolina State Univer­ on dorsolateral surfaces; rami with medial sity

DARTHULINAE METCALF Diagnostic Characters three or more times length of pygofer anterior to anal tube. Metathoracic tibia with rows of Pygofer with dorsolateral surfaces extended setae absent; turretlike setal bases on ventral posterior to anal tube and with projections surface (fig. 19, J). 30 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1494, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Description Metathoracic Leg Length 25-30 mm, including pygofer exten­ Femoral formula (fig. 19, J) 0:0 :0. Tibia sions. Brown. Pronotum with distinct medial with definite rows of setae absent but possess­ keel. Forewings semitransparent and with veins ing many scattered, thin, elongate setae; turret­ lighter than background. Metathoracic tibia based setae (fig. 19, J) basad on ventral with scattered, elongate setae. surface. Distal transverse row of spurs (fig. 19, K) Female Genitalia with approximately eight short, barrel-shaped spur bases irregular in size and each with elon­ Pygofer with anterior ridge contiguous with gate seta exceeding length of base; proximal anterior margin; lateral surface with many transverse row indistinct or absent. Tibial conspicuous hairlike setae and extended distal groups II and IV absent. to anal tube in form of prominent projections Plantar surface of first metathoracic tarso­ three times length of pygofer anterior to anal mere (fig. 19, L) with numerous short, thin, tube. scattered setae; terminal transverse row of First valvulae wide, blade shaped, and setae, platellae or both absent; tarsomere with straight; SCUlpture along dorsolateral surface dorsoapical setae absent. apparently strigate distad and becoming irreg­ ular to leprous proximally; sculptured area Discussion expanded distad and covering terminal one­ See also Aetalionidae discussion. fourth of valvulae; dorsoapical and ventro­ The Darthulinae is composed of a single apical margins with dentation absent; ventral monobasic genus, Da.1·thula Kirkaldy, which is connecting device extending three-fourths total distinct from the Aetalioninae on the basis of length of valvulae from base. Second valvulae the unique characters listed as diagnostic char­ (fig. 19, H) blade shaped and relatively straight acters of Darthulinae; however, the genus has with prominent dorsal convexity; teeth small, been given subfamily status by the present au­ thor because Dm·thula possesses ·characters that uniform In size and distribution, and extending relate it to the Aetalioninae (listed as diagnos­ along dorsoapical one-third of valvulae; apex tic characters of Aetalionidae). broadly rounded and ventroapical dentation absent; few small setae basad on dorsolateral surfaces; rami with medial sclerotization. Third Specimens valvulae with ventral edge relatively straight Dm·thllia Kirkaldy; U?·ophom lwrdwickii Gray; No. from base to apex; many conspicuous setae 8-2-67D; North Carolina State University U. hardwickii Gray; No. 28-8-68A; North Carolina along ventrolateral margin. State University

SUMMARY Three families containing 10 sUbfamilies of the major comprehensive contribution to leaf­ auchenorrhynchous Homoptera were studied to hopper taxonomy. determine characteristics that would limit and define these groups at taxonomic levels above The female genitalia and metathoracic leg that of genus. In the investigation, female exhibited characters of importance at higher specimens were used to examine the relation­ category levels and were supplemented by ships among these higher categories from a characters of the head, pronotum, scutellum, worldwide standpoint. The groups selected and prothoracic leg. As a result of invesLigating were taken from J. W. Evans' "A Natural these characters, Evans' classification was con­ Classification of Leaf-Hoppers (Homoptera, firmed or changed. Reasons for changes given Jassoidae) I" a three-part work that constitutes here were discussed when they were made; also, SELECTED CATEGORIES OF AUCHENORRHYNCHOUS HOMOPTERA 31 conclusions concerning relationships of higher In the present author's opinion two of the categories were discussed in each taxon. tribes, the Ulopini and Cephalelini, are closely The xestocephalines were elevated from a related and should be retained in the same sub­ tribe to subbmily status because close affinity family, Ulopinae. The third tribe of Evans, to other taxa was not discovered. Although Megophthalmini, is a distinct group and ex­ some genera in the Euscelinae as interpreted hibits a relationship to the Agalliinae. It has by Evans were examined to determine their therefore been treated as a subfamily, the relationship to the xestocephalines, a systematic Megophthalminae, in this study. review of the Euscelinae was not conducted The Austroagalloidinae of Evans was not and the remaining genera of the Euscelinae changed in status; however, the results of the were not affected. investigation by the present author indicated a The Melicharellinae of Evans was found to relationship to the Eurymelinae rather· than to consist of two tribes. Because of genus group­ the Agalliinae as had been previously proposed ings and priority, the subfamily name was by other authors. changed to Adelungiinae. The Adelungiinae is The family Euryrnelidae of Evans contained believed by the present author to be related to three subfamilies, Eurymelinae, Ipoinae, and the Agalliinae. Pogonoscopinae. The present author ple,ced the The Agalliinae was found by the author to group as a subfamily of the Cicadellidae con­ constitute a large homogeneous group related taining two tribes, Eurymelini and Pogono­ to the Megophthalminae and Adelungiinae. scopini. The Eurymelini is composed of genera Three groups were described and a key was contained in the Eurymelinae and Ipoinae. The constructed for their identification, but because Pogonoscopini consists of the genera of the of overlapping character gradients, the three Pogonoscopinae. groups were retained within the same sub­ The status of the family Aetalionidae and family. its subfamilies, Aetalioninae and Darthulinae, The Ulopinae of Evans contains three tribes. remains unchanged.

LITERATURE CITED

(1) BAKER, C. F. (6) DE BERGEVIN, E. 1915. STUDIES IN PHILIPPINE JASSOIDEA: II. 1927. NOTE EXPLICATIVE A PROPOS DE LA SOUS­ PHILIPPINE JASSARIA. Philippine Jour. FAMILLE DES MACROCEPSINAE GERGEV. Sci. 10: 49-58. Soc. d'Hist. Nat. de l'Afrique du Nord (2) BALDUF, W. V. Bul. 18: 86-87. 1933. THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE OVIPOSITOR OF (7) DISTANT, W. L. DRAECULACEPHALA (CICADELLIDAE, HO­ 1908. RHYNCHOTA-HOMOPTERA. V. 4, 501 pp. MOPTERA). Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 26: In Bingham, C. T., ed., The Fauna of 64-75. British India Including Ceylon and (3) Burma. Pub. under authority of Sec. 1934. THE TAXONOMIC VALUE OF OVIPOSITORS IN of State for India in Council, London. SOME EMPOASCA SPECIES. (HOMOPTERA, (8) DOHRN, F. A. CICADELLIDAE). Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 1859. CATALOGUS HEMIPTERORUM. 112 pp. En­ 27: 292-310. tomologischen Verein, Stettin. (4) CHINA, W. E. 1926. A NEW SUB-FAMILY OF BYTHOSCOPIDAE (9) EVANS, J. W. (JASSOIDEA, HOMOPTERA). Roy. Ent. 1934. A REVISION OF THE IPOINAE (HOMOPTERA, Soc., London, Trans. 1926: 289-296. EURYIIfELIDAE). Roy. Soc. So. Austral. (5) CUNNINGHAM, H. B., and Ross, H. H. Trans. and Proc.58: 149-167. 1965. CHARACTERS FOR SPECIFIC IDENTIFICATION (10) OF FEMALES IN THE LEAFHOPPER GENUS 1935. THE BYTHOSCOPIDAE OF AUSTRALIA (HO­ EMPOASCA (HEMIPTERA: CICADELLIDAE). MOPTERA, J ASSOIDEA). Roy. Soc. Tas­ Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 58: 620-623. mania, Papers and Proc. 1935: 61-83. 32 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1494, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

(11) EVANS, J. W. (22) KIRKALDY, G. W. 1938. A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE 1901. ON THE NOMENCLATURE OF THE GENERA JASSOIDEA (HOMOPTERA). Roy. Soc. Tas­ OF THE RHYNCHOTA, HETEROPTERA, AND mania, Papers and Proc. 1938: 19-55. AUCHENORRHYNCHOUS HOMOPTERA. En.. (12) tomologist 34: 218-219. 1939. SOME NEW AUSTRALIAN LEAFHOPPERS (23) (HOMOPTERA, JASSO~DEA). Roy. Soc. So. 1906. LEAFHOPPERS AND THEIR NATURAL ENE­ Austral. Trans. and Proc. 63: 44-50. MIES. HEMIPTERA. Hawaii. Sugar (13) Plailters' Assoc. Expt. Sta., Div. Ent. 1946. A NATURAL CLASSIFICATION OF LEAF­ Bul. 1, pp. 271-479. HOPPERS (JASSOIDEA, HOMOPTERA). PT. (24) 1: EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY AND SYSTE­ 1907. LEAFHOPPERS SUPPLEMENT. (HEMIP- MATIC POSITION. Roy. Ent. Soc., Lon­ TERA.) Hawaii. Sugar Planters' Assoc. don, Trans. 96: 47-60. Expt. Sta., Div. Ent. Bul. 3, pp. 1-186. (14) (25) KRAMER, S. 1946. A NATURAL CLASSIFICATION OF LEAF­ 1950. THE MORPHOLOGY AND PHYLOGENY OF HOPPERS (HOMOPTERA, JASSOIDEA). PT. 'rHE AUCHENORHYNCHOUS HOMOPTERA 2: AETALIONIDAE, HYLICIDAE, EURYMELI­ (INSECTA). III. BioI. Monog. 20 (4): DAE. Roy. Ent. Soc., London, Trans. I-III. 97: 39-54. (26) LATREILLE, P. A. (15) 1810. TABLE DES GENRES AVEC L'INDICATION DE 1947. A NATURAL CLASSIFICATION OF LEAF­ L'ESPECE QUI LEUR SERT DE TYPE. Con­ HOPPERS (JASSOIDEA, HOMOPTERA). PT. siderations Gen. sur I'Ordre Nat. des 3: JASSIDAE. Roy. Ent. Soc., London, Anim. 1810, pp. 421-444. Paris. Trans. 98: 105-271. (27) LE PELETIER, L. M., and SERVILLE, J. G. (16) 1825. TETTIGOMETRE, TETTIGOMETRA AND TET­ 1966. THE LEAFHOPPERS AND FROG HOPPERS OF TIGONE, TETTIGONIA. OLIVER'S ENCYCLO­ AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND (HOMOP­ PEDIE METHODIQUE. Hist. Nat. Ent., ou TERA: CICADELLOIDEA AND CERCOPOIDEA). Rist. Nat. des Crustaces, des Arach­ Austral. Mus. Mem. 12, 347 pp. nides, et des Insectes 10, pp. 600-613. (17) Paris. 1968. SOME RELICT NEW GUINEA LEAFHOPPERS (28) MARSHALL, T. A. AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN RELATION TO 1865. AN ESSAY TOWARDS A KNOWLEDGE OF THE COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE BRITISH HOMOPTERA (CONTINUED). Ent. HEAD AND PROTHORAX OF THE HOMOP­ Monthly Mag. 2: 82-85. TERA-AUCHENORRHYNCHA (HOMOPTERA: (29) METCALF, Z. P. CICADELLIDAE: ULOPINAE). Pacific In­ 1951. PHYLOGENY OF THE UOMOPTERA AUCHEN­ sects 10 (2): 115-229. ORHYNCHA. Fenn. Soc. Sci. Comm. BioI. (18) HANDLIRSCH, A. 12 (1), pp. 1-14. 1925. ORDUNG: HOMOPTERA (LATR.) WESTW. (30) (HOMOPTEREN). In System. Ubers. 1966. GENERAL CATALOGUE OF THE HOMOPTERA. (Schluss.) Schroder's Handb. der Ent. FASC. VI, CICADELLOIDEA, PT. 14, AGALLI­ 3 (17-18), pp. 1102-1126. J ena. IDAE. 173 pp. U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. (19) HAUPT, H. Res. Serv., "Washington, D.C. (31) 1929. NEUEINTEILUNG DER HOMOPTERA-CICA­ DINA NACH PHYLOGENETISCH ZU WER­ 1967. GENERAL CATALOGUE OF THE HOMOPTERA. TENDEN MERKMALEN. Zool. .Tahrb. Abt. FASC. VI, CICADELLOIDEA, PT. 10, EUSCELI­ f. System., Okol. u. Geog. Tiere 58: DAE, SECT. III, pp. 2075-2695. U.S. Dept. 173-286. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv., Washington, D.C. (32) --- and WADE, V. (20) HOWE, M. B. 1965. GENERAL CATALOGUE OF THE HOMOPTERA. 1930. A STUDY OF THE TARSAL STRUCTURES IN MEMBRACOIDEA, SECT. H, PT. 2-AETALI­ CICADELLIDAE. Ohio Jour. Sci. 30: 324­ ONIDAE, pp. 1488-1527. N.C. State 339. Univ., Raleigh. (21) ISHIHARA, T. (33) OMAN, P. W. 1953. A TENTATIVE CHECK LIST OF THE SUPER­ 1943. A GENERIC REVISION OF THE NEARCTIC FAMILY CICADELLOIDEA OF JAPAN (HO­ CICADELLIDAE (HOMOPTERA). George MOPTERA). Matsuyama Agr. Col. Sci. Washington Univ. Bul. 1941-43, pp. 15­ Rpts. 11, pp. 1-72. 17. SELECTED CATEGORIES OF AUCHENORRHYNCHOUS HOMOPTERA 33

(34) (39) 1949. THE NEARCTIC LEAFHOPPERS (HOl\lOP­ 1935. PRINCIPLES OF INSECT i\IORPHOLOGY. 667 TERA: CICADELLIDAE) A GENERIC CLASSI­ pp. McGraw-HilI Book Co., Inc., New FICATION AND CHECK LIST. "Wash. Ent. York. Soc. Mem. 3, pp. 1-253. (40) SPINOLA, M. (35) READiO, P. A. 1850. TAVOLA SINOTTICA DEI GENERI SPETTANTI 1922. OYIPOSITORS OF CICADELLIDAE (HOl\IOP­ ALLA CLASSE DEGLI INSETTI ARTROIDIG­ TERA). Kans. Univ. Sci. Bul. 14: 217­ NATI, FLEi\IIPTERA, LINN. LATR.-RHYN­ 298. GOTA, FAB.-RHYSCHOTA, BURi\!. Modena (36) RIBAUT, H. Soc. Ital. delle Sci. Residente Mem. 25 1952. HO;\IOPTERES AUCHE:>ORHYNQUES. II. (1), pp. 1-60., (.T ASSIDAE). FAUNE DE FRA:>CE 57. 47.1 (41) WAGNER, W. pp. Paul Lechevalier et Fils, Paris. 1951. BEITRAG Zl.'R PHLOGENIE UND SYSTEMATIK (37) Ross, H. H. DER CICADELLIDAE (JASSIDAE) NORD- UND 1957. EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENTS £N LEAF­ i\IITTELEUROPAS. Fenn. Soc. Sci. Comm. HOPPERS. System. Zoo!. 6: 87-97. BioI. 12 (2), pp. 1-44. (38) SNODGRASS, R. E. (42) YOU"G, D. A. 1933. illORPHOLOGY OF THE I"SECT ABDOi\IES. 1968. TAXONOi\UC STUDY OF THE CICADELLIDAE PT. IT. THE GENITAl, DUCTS AND THE OVI­ ( HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE). PT. I PRO­ POSITOR. 8mithsn. Misc. Collect. 89 (8) : CONIT:>r. Smithsn. Misc. CoIled. Bul. 1-1-18. 261, 287 pp. 34 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1494, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

VIIs 3v'j

A B -- ..­ , IXt 2vlf

lXt,

I 1ri/ I 1vlf / / rp/ 2vlf C

1b

D

E

FIGURE l.--Carneocepha,la sp" female genitalia: A, Apex of abdomen, lateral view; B, apex of abdomen, ventral view; C, pygofer, dorsolateral view; D, pygofer, lateral view, with second and third valvulae removed; E, sec­ ona. and third valvulae, lateral view, lvi, first valvula; 21'l, second valvula; 31'1, third valvula i 1vl/, .firsi valvifer; 2vl[, second va)vifer; 11'1, ramus of first valvula; 21'0, ramus of second valvula; l'P, ramal plate; IXt, pygofer; VIIs, seventh sternum; ss, sensory setae; Iii, base of fil'st valvula; ((7), arti(,ulation point; rid, ventral interlocking device; ar, anterior ridge. SELECTED CATEGORIES OF AUCHENORRHYNCHOUS HOMOPTERA 35

A

B sQ . - -r-I '--l~r- -r-II ',;- - -r-Iv ""~ ~ -- r-III

c

gr-II gr-lv D , I

i j v' 1 / \ \ j f' 't \,;1 \1 ,.j M I I I ) ," " I I I ( , I I I r-I r-II r-III r-Iv E F G

FIGUHE 2.-Ca.T1leOCeplw[a. sp., metathoracic leg: A, Position of metathoracic leg relative to body; B, distal por­ tion of femur and proximal portion of tibia; C, distal portion of tibia with tarsus; D, exploded view of tibia apex (tibia split between row I and row IV and flattened); E, spur from distal transverse row of tibia with scal10ped base and platel1a, plantar surface; F, spur fl'om distal transverse row of tibia with fringed base and seta, lateral view; G, plantar surface of first metathoracic tarsomere. r-I, row i; 1'-11, row II; r-III, row III ;1'-IV, row IV; {/I'-II, group If: [n'-IV, group IV; ellr, distal transverse row j ptr, proximal transverse rowj ab, ablateral seta; ad, adlateral seta; sa, subapical seta; Ha, first tllrsomere; da, dorsoapical setae; p, platellae. 36 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1494, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

....,-­

c

/

.:e/ ~/ '~". /

.'./ ; ,I ;:; .' .r

E

.... -,' • .!.

FIGURE 3.-XestocephaIinae-MlIrmecophrync /ormiceticoin Kirkaldy! A, First valvula, lateral aspect; B, second " valvula, lateral aspect. Xestocephalns 1miica.Tms Van Duzee: C, Second valvula, lateral aspect; D, apex of metathoracic femur, lateral aspect; E, setae of metathoracic tibia, E··[ = row J. E-II = row II, E-IIr = row III, E-IV = row IV; F, apex of metathoracic tibia, group II; G, apex of metathoracic tibia, group IV; H, first metathoracic tarsomere, plantar surface. SELECTED CATEGORIES OF AUCHENORRHYNCHOUS HOMOPTERA 37

A

{! i' \ ,

D

\ \, ;, E

_~~..L/~~ G-l

G-II ~~~~ G-1I1 ~~ .-~-.~

G-IV

H j J

FIGURE 4.-Adelungiini: A, Melicharella plani/rons (Melichar), first valvula, lateral aspect; B, M. plani/rons, apex of first valvula, lateral aspect; 0, Adelungia elegans Melichar, second valvula, lateral aspect; D, M. plani­ frons, second valvula, lateral aspect; E, Platyproctu8 tesseilatu8 Lindberg, second valvula, lateral aspect. M. plani/r01ls: F, Apex of metathoracic femur, lateral aspect; G, setae of metathoracic tibia, G-I = row I, G-II = row II, G-III = row III, G-IV = row IV; H, apex of metathoracic tibia, group II; I, apex of metathor­ acic tibia, group IV; J, first metathoracic tarsomel'e, plantar surface, medial surface to left, most lateral row of setae not shown. 38 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1494, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

A

~----- B c

/; I

E

,~kC.,,::;::-:::;./Z-:::?~;;;;2--:" ~~---- G-ill ~--

G-IV

f'" .',' ~, '''. ,', .,r i . I' , .' ~)-/\' "<:'",,~i Y : I \ I 'j I j l;;;Y

I f H J

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FIGURE 5.-Achrini-Achrus nigronervosus Lindberg: A, First valvula, lateral aspect; B, apex of first valvula, lateral aspect; C, second valvula, lateral aspect. D, Bergevina ahngeri (Melichar), second valvula, lateral aspect; E, Symphypyga obsoleta Haput, second valvula, lateral aspect; F, B. akngeri, apex of metathoracic femur, lateral aspect; G, A. nigronervosus, setae of metathoracic tibia, G-I = row I, G-II = row II, G-III = row III, G-IV = row IV. B. ahngeri: H, Apex of metathoracic tibia, group II; I, apex of metathoracic tibia, group IV; J, first metathoracic tarsomere, plantar surface. SELECTED CATEGORIES OF AUCHENORRHYNCHOUS HOMOPTERA 39

~':--~'-- /; E - --==---~ !! !" ...... :...:..;..=? ..,...... «...... ---...,...... -...... "/ ------.... .' ...... >~.,..... F --...----­

/~/ ! (! , ,

H

FIGURE 6.-Agalliinae, valvulae in lateral aspect: A, A.gallia consobrina Curtis, first valvula; B, A. con8obrina, sec­ ond valvula; C, Aceratagallia sanguinolentus (Provanrher), fIrst valvula; D, A. sanguinolentu8, second valvula; E, Agalliana sticticollis (SUI), second valvula; F, Bergallia signatu8 (Stal), second valvula; .G, A. sticticollis, apex of second valvula; H, Ceratagallia bigelovia (Baker), second valvula; I, Ionia triunata Ball, second valvula. 40 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1494, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

1/

D E

// (I 1

F

G

H

J

1<. - L

FIGURE 7.-AgalIiinae, valvulae in lateral aspect: A, Agalliopsis novellus (Say), first valvula; B, A. novcllus, sec­ ond valvula; C, Agalliota punctata Oman, second valvula; D, fl. punctata, apex of second valvula; E, Aus­ troagallia to"rrida Evans, second valvula; F, Brasa rugicollis (Dozier), second valvula; G, B. rugicollis, apex of second valvula, H, Chromagallia fiavofasciatus (St!ll), second valvula; I, Euragallia fltrculata (Osborn), second valvula; J, Nehela vulturina White, second valvula; K, IgerncL bimaculicollis St!ll, second valvula; .L, Stonasla undulata White, second valvula. SELECTED CATEGORIES OF AUCHENORRHYNCHOUS HOMOPTERA 41

A-I

A-II

A-III

- .?

A-IV ~-~~-~~X-?~~~'f~~:l~

"..'7 ,... ,~~ /_~ ',"'>"/ .<'" ~"",-...-:L~~-,~-,.:>~v~~ 8-1 ,'" • ' /' -7 ~-,-,,,,,-~/,",,-,,-,A'.-4....."--"~~~ 8-11

8-111 ------~~--~~~~~~~

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C-l

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C-III o

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r, 1\ i \ : I h , , r~---6 \ t j 1 J

E F H

FIGURE 8.-Agalliinae: A, Agallia ccmstricta Van Duzee, setae of metathoracic tibia, A-I = row I, A-II = row II, A-III = row III, A-IV = row IV; B, Ionia triunata Ball, setae of metathoracic tibia, B-1 = row I, B-II = row II, B-III = row III, B-IV = row IV; C, Austl'oagallia torrida Evans, setae of metathoracic tibia, C-I = row I, C-II = row II, C-III = row III, C-IV = row IV; D. Aceratagallia sanguinolentus (Provancher), apex of metathoracic femur; E, Chromagallia jla1Jo/ascia.tlts (St.'!l), apex of metathoracic tibia, group II; P, C. jla1Jo/asciatus, apex of metathoracic tibia, group IV; G, CeratagaUia bigeloviae (Baker), first metathoracic tarsomere, plantar surface; H, .4.. torrida, first metathoracic tarsomere, plantar surface. 42 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1494, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

B

""~ CY:.:~~:-_ .. --

D

E '~"":::--..... -­----_ .... " H

F-I .... : :~~~-~--~.'::"-~~-.~;-;-:~.- ~:,.,r _... / ..-.- v .... Ir' ... b.. ~.... bo.-. __-' F-Il

F-Ill ...... ;~ .. J - F-1V··

G

o

N

p

FIGURE 9.-Megophthalminae: A, Megophthalmlls scanicus (Fallen), first valvula, lateral aspect; B, M. scanicu,s, second valvula, lateral aspect; C, TiajCL cali/ornica (Ball), second valvula, lateral aspect; D, Brenda arborea (Ball), second valvula, lateral aspect; E, Paropulopa lineata Fieber, second valvula, lateral aspect; F, B. arborea, setae of metathoracic tibia, F-I = row I, F-II = row II, F-III = row III, F-IV = row IV; G, B. arborea" apical setae of metathoracic tibia, row IV top, row III bottom; H, P. lineata, apical setae of meta­ thoracic tibia, row IV top, row III bottom; I, T. cali/ornica, apical setae of metathoracic tibia, row IV top, row III bottom; J, M. scaniclIs, apical setae of metathoracic tibia, row IV top, row III bottom; K, Odomas myops Jacobi, male specimen, apical setae of metathoracic tibia, row IV top, row III bottom. M. sca1dclts: L, Apex of metathoracic femur; M, apex of metathoraci c tibia, group II; N, apex of metathoracic tibia, group IVi 0, first metathoracic tarsomere, plantar surface. P, P. lineCLta, apex of first metathoracic tarsomere, plantar surface. SELECTED CATEGORIES OF AUCHENORRHYNCHOUS HOMOPTERA 43

B c --­ ) D

E

~-~-- --~-----;;;//

~-~-.

F

G

H ---- .. ) -~:::.:------.~------

··~---7 "..or'... , .:.// K

FIGURE 10.~Ulopini, valvulae in lateral aspect-Ulopa reticulata (Fabricius): A, First valvula; B, apex of sec­ ond valvula; G, second valvula. D, il'loonia suncita Distant,. apex of second valvula; E, M. sancita, second valvula; F, Goloborrhis bellicosa (Distant), apex of second valvula; G, G. bellicosa, second valvula; H, Tas­ lopa montana Evan", apex of second valvula; I, T. montana, second valvula; J, Austrolopa burnensis Evans, apex of second val.vula; K, A. burnensis, second valvula. 44 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1494, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRIOULTURE A-I

A-II

------_ V" .".....,..,.. A-III A-IV P "'P...- ~ - ...... (r-~

", ([ /' '\ 1 0' I iN..< i 1----... M~~'r "j( r~I c o

E F

i,

G H J

'1'h f\, ,1 "'1 1 (,~ 'I ,Vii),! f ' ", i' 1!I G:1~~ \~~~ , ~ ~ J ~~t~ \\ ! I \' lAe r ~.[,. \,1-.1 I t I I \~i~I '1'

8 (----­ ••• .. 0'" ..... \ A

D

c

E

H --===----~------~~

I-I --- I-II J--;) I-III --.---~~--~

I-IV ~-~---~-4!-_-...£..-----d~-

I I ~ '­ ~\~ ~ \;:,

K I L ~~ M FIGURE 12.-Cephalelini: A, Gephalelus sp., No. 27-6-66A, first valvula, lateral aspect; B, Paracephaleus sp., No. 28-10-68G, first valvula sculpture detail, apex to left. Gephalel1Ul sp.: G, No. 27-6-66A, second valvula, lateral aspect; D, No. 27-6-66A, apex of second valvula; E, No. 28-10-68E, second valvula, lateral aspect; F, No. 28-10-68E, apex of second valvula, lateral aspect. G, Paracephalcu8 sp., No. 28-1G-68F, second valvula, lateral aspect; H, ParacephaleuB sp., No. 28-10-68F, apex of second valvula, lateral aspect. Gephalelus sp.: I, No. 28-10-68E, setae of metathoracic tibia, I-I = row I, I-II = row II, I-III = row III, [-IV = row IV; J, No. 28-10-68E, apex of metathoracic femur, lateral aspect; K, No. 28-10-68E, apex of metathoracic tibia, group II; L, No. 28-10-68E, apex of metathoracic tibia, group IV; M, No. 28'-lO-68E, first metathoracic tarsG­ mere, plantar surface. 46 'l''ECHNICAL BULLETIN 1494, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

A

B

..__.'­

c ,) / / ~

! :~f ,I I

E-I

E-II

E-III

~\Al1 ) illfI I i !

G H

FIGURE 13.-Austroagalloidinae-Austroagalloides rosea Evans: A, First valvula, lateral aspect; B, second val­ vula, lateral aspect; C, apex of second valvula, lateral aspect; D, apex of metathoracic femur, lateral aspect; E, setae of metathoracic tibia, E-I = row I, E-II = row II, E-III = row III, E-IV = row IV; F, apex of metathoracic tih;

B

// : ( \ , \ " " -- E"~~ ---... - -~ ~..... -----­ ~-.~-~ -~-~'

F I I I I i' G II , '.,

FIGURE 14.-Eurymelini, valvulae in lateral aspect-Burymelops rubrovittata (Amyot and Serville) : A, First val­

vula; B, apex of first valvula, sculpture detail; CJ second valvula. D, Eurymeloides hyacinthus (Kirkaldy), second valvula; E, Eurymelessa morltyana (Distant), second valvula; F, E1trymelita terminalis (Walker),. second valvula; G, Eurymeloide.~ bicincta (Erichson), second valvula; H, Eurymela /enestrata Le Peletier and Serville, second valvula; I, Pauroeurymela amplicineta (Walker), second valvula; J, Platyeu7'1lmela semi/aseia (Walker), second valvula. 48 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1494, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

At= ~--~ ~::::::~------==- --. B

F

FIGURE 15.-Euryrnelini, second valvulae in lateral aspect: A, Bakoriana procurrens (Jacobi); B, Ipo pellucida (Fabricius); 0, OOTnutipo scalpellum Evans; D, Gornutipoides tricornis Evans; E, Anipo porriginosa (Sig­ noret); F, Anacornutipo lignosa (Walker); G, /poella fidelis Evans; H, Ipoides ha.ckeri Evans; I, Katipo rubrivenosus (Kirkaldy). SELECTED CATEGORIES OF AUCHENORRHYNCHOUS HOMOPTERA 49

-'::~~l . \1- ~ )\ ~) c

0-1

/~---.----.-_____. _..-z­ 0-11 /

D-III

D-IV

E-I

E-IV

F-I

F-II

F-JlI ----- ... F-IV

FIGURE 16.-Eurymelini: A, Pattripo insularis Evans, second valvula, lateral aspect; B, Opio multistriga (Walker), second valvula, lateral aspect; C, P. in.sulari.~, apex of metathoracic femur; D, Eurymela fenestrata Le Peletier .and. Serville, setae of metathoracic tibia, D-I = row 1, D-II = row H, D-III = row III, D-IV = row IV; E, Eurymeloides hyaeinthus (Kirkaldy), setae of metathoracic tibia, E-I = row I, E-II = row II, E-III = row III, E-IV = row IV; F, Katipo rubri'Vcn081l.~ (Kirkaldy), setae of metathoracic tibia, F-I row I, F-II = row II, F-III = row III, F-IV = row IV. 50 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1494. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

c

E F

J

G H

FIGURE 17.-Eurymelini-Eurymela jencstrata Le Peletier and Serville: A, Prothoracic tarsus, lateral aspect; B. plantar surface of metathoracic tar<;omeres 1 and 2, diagrammatic; G, apex of metathoracic tibia, group II; D,apex of metathoracic tibia, group IV. E, Eurllmelita, tenninalis (Walker), apex of metathoracic tibia, group IV; F, Opio rrmltistriga (Walker), apex of metathoracic tibia, group IV; G. Anacornutipo lignosa (Walker), apex of metathoracic tibia, group IV; H, Gorlllltipoidcs tricornis Evans, apex of metathoracic tibia, group IV; I, Bakeriana procurrens Jacobi, apex of metathoracic tibia, plantar surface; .I, Pauripo in­ sularis Evans, first metathoracic tarsomere, planttlr surface. SELECTED CATEGORIES OF AUCHENORRHYNCHOUS HOMOPTERA 51

c

d.h.. ".,~ 0-1

0-11

0-111

O-IV

E

F H

FIGURE 18.-Pogonoscopini: A, PogonoscopUs myrmex China, first valvula, lateral aspect; B, P. myrmex, second valvula, lateral aspect; C, LasioBCOPUS acmaeopB (China), second valvula, lateral aspect; D, P. 'fItynnex, setae of metathoracic tibia, V-I = row I, D-II = row II, D-III = row III, D-IV = row IV. L. acmaeops: E, Apex of metathoracic. femur, lateral aspect; F, apex of metathoracic tibia, group II; G, apex of metathoracic tibia, group IV; H, first metathoracic. tarsomere,plantar surface. 52 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1494, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

.-:~)

...... -. ~, .. - . ---­ - .. ----..:,:..­ B

@ ~.-. D ~??? /

1 1 I c- I 1 G

1==\\

K J L

FIGURE 19.-Aetalionidae-Aetalion reticulatum (Linnaeus); A, First valvula, lateral aspect; B. second valvula, lateral aspect; C, apex of metathoracic femur; D, metathoracic tibia, row III; E, setae of metathoracic tibia detail, row III with cucullate bases; F, apex of metathoracic tibia, plantar surface; G, first metathoracic tarsomere, plantar surface. Darthula hardwickii (Gray): H, Second valvula, lateral aspect; I, apex of meta­ thoracic femur; J, detail of setae of metathoracic tibia; K, apex of metathoracic tibia, plantar surface; L, first metathoracic tarsomere, plantar surface.

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