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Cicadellidae and Aetalionidae II I l I ­ r' 111111.0 1M 1.1 IJ£ .'. i~~~ "11.4 11.6 , \ " I \ \~ '.,::?'.~ I ~" .'''' I ." I . • •• 1'", • MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART I , NAltONAL BUREAU OF SlANOARDS-I96H. • N~llON~L BUREAU OF Sf~NDARDS-I%3-'" , .J r' i' Lt, ' , , t ~ . ~~; .. , " , . ."<.:,"~, ,~:,-<~,:a .. "~:f~ ... 2.'~:~:", ..t"~~' .:~, ,=, c. ,~~~ , .•~ .... ?l;."'..' CJ If ,.,~Jj ~f); ~/ '.1 .~ . ~LPa~CJ:'- " .fA".. ·&-'.31'~J·(''Y-.~I (j .0· .~.. :' if: I / P. j '-fit . '7'.., .' '...~ .C1assificatlonoiSelectedHigh~rCategories .. .~. ; ofAqthenorrhynchous lIomoptera .,-F \Y , .' :' .·~;'·(CicadelUdae and Aetalionidae}, ~. " \ I ..;,':~, - ' ... ~ "t ... ~? \. ~:¥., . :~~' ':, ~ ";, Technical Bull~~tin No. 1494 , Agricultural Research Service .", UNITE.D STATES DEPARTMENT OF AG;RiCULTURE Classification of Selected Higher Categories of Auchenorrhynchous Homoptera (Cicadellidae and Aetalionid.ae) • By Robert Banks Davis Technical Bulletin No. 1494 Agricultural Research Service UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Washington, D.C. Issued January 1975 For sale by the Superintendent of Docum~nts. U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 204ry2 - P";ee $1.20 Stock Number 0100-03253 CONTEN'rs Page Literatu!".:! review ___.. ________________________________________ 3 Materials and methods ________________________________________ 4 Morphology ____________________________________________._____ 5 Artificial key to females ______________________________________ 7 Xestocephalinae Baker ________________________________________ 8 Adelungiinae Baker _______________________ ___________________ 10 Adelungiini Baker ___________________________________. ___._.__ 11 Achrini, new tribe _______________. ____________ . ____ ._.__ ._.____ 12 Agalliinae Kirkaldy _______________________. ______ .. ___________ 14 Megophthalminae Kirkaldy _____.. _________ .______ .______ ._________ 17 Ulopinae Le Peletier and Serville __________. ___ . ______ ._________ 19 Ulopini Le Peletier and Serville _____________ ____ ________________ 20 Cephalelini Amyot and Serville ________________________________ 21 Austroagalloidinae Evans _____________________________________ 22 Eurymelinae Amyot and Serville __________._________ ____________ 24 Eurymelini Amyot and Serville __________ ______________________ 25 Pogonoscopini China ________________________._________________ 27 Aetlllionidae Spinola ____________________________._______________ 28 Aetalioninae Spinola ___________________ . ____ ._ ___ ______________ 29 Darthulinae Metcalf _________________________________________._ 29 Summary ______________ .. __________..______ .___ ____ ______________ 30 Literature cited ___________________ "_______________ . _____ . ____ ._ 31 • Classification of Selected Higher Categories of Auchenorrhynchous Homoptera (Cicadellid.ae and Aetalionidae) By ROBERT BANKS DAVIS, assistant pro!essQ1', Tusculmn College, Greeneville, Tenn.t The purpose of this study was to find mor­ cally designated as male, all specimens cited phological characters that would limit and here are female. define groups of leafhoppers at taxonomic levels The higher categories selected for this study above that of genus and to examine from a were Aetalionidae, Agalliinaf:, Austroagalloidi­ worldwide standpoint the relationships among nae, Eurymelidae, Melichan~llinae, Ulopinae, certain higher ~ategories. At present the higher and Xestocephalini (in the sense of J. W. E..- ans categories are not clearly defined and existing (1.4- and 15».2 An effort was made to obtain keys are diffic 11lt to use. These circumstances female specimens of the type-species of each make identification of an unknown leafhopper genus in each group. specimen extremely difficult, un1ess an expe­ The existing classification of the categories rieneed taxonomist can recognize it as belong­ of auchenorrhynchous Homoptera by Evans ing to a particu1ar genus or higher group. (1.4- and 15) and the classification proposed Taxonomic characters found on the external here are as follows: female genitalia form the basis of the study and are supplemented by characters found on Existing P'roposecl the hind tibia and its first tarsomere. Males Jassidae Cicadellidae were examined when available to confirm tibia Euscelinae Euscelinae and tal'somere observations made on females, Xestocephalini Xestocephalinae but because of difficulty in obtaining a male and Melicharellinae Adelungiinae a female of each species studied and the small Adelungiini number of males actually observed, the results Achrini were not conclusive. Therefore unless specifi­ Agalliinae Agalliinae Ulopinae Ulopinae 1 This bulletin is based on information contained in Ulopini Ulopini a thesis submitted to the Graduate School of the Uni­ Cephalelini Cephalelini versity of North Carolina, Raleigh, i:1 partial fulfill­ Megophthaimini Megophthalminae ment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of Austroagalloidinae philosophy. AustroagaIloidinae The study was supported under contract with the Eurymelidae Eurymelinae Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Northeastern Re­ EurymeIinae gion, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department Ipoinae EurymeIini of Agriculture, and was conducted at the University of North Carolina. Pogonoscopinae Pogonoscopini The author extends his gratitude to D. A. Young of Aetalionidae Aetalionidae this university who made this study possible by locating Aetalioninae Aetalioninae the necessary funds and providing indispensable guid­ ance and encouragement. He is also grateful to the Darthulinae Darthulinae curators of various museums who loaned specimens and "Italic numbers in parentheses refer to Literature patiently awaited their return. Cited, p. 31. 1 2 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1494, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE The relationship among the higher categories Jines, a systematic review of the EusceIinae in the proposed classification is sho\vn in the was not conducted and the remaining genera following diagram. All tax}';. are included in the of the Eu:>celinae were not affected. :;> > !2. c C!Zj \/ c:: ::.o :::I C '" > !2. c 0' :::I c: CDc C '" .. o ;.c: '" o '" "'­ c'" to'" ;' ..o Cicadellidae except Aetalioninae and Darthu­ A detailed description of the Cicadellidae was linae, which are subfamilies of the Aetalioni­ beyond the scope of this bulletin; however, dae. Although some geuera in the Euscelinae based on the specimens studied, the Cicadelli­ as interpreted by Ev.:ms were examined to dae may be described in relation to the Aeta­ determine their relationship to the xestocepha- lionidae as follows: Cicadellidae Aetalionidae Metathoracic tibia _____ With 3 or 4 (usually 4) With 1, 2, or no longitudinal rows of setae. longitudinal rows of setae. Apex of metathoracic Bearing setal groups II and Not bearing setal groups II and IV. tibia. IV (see morphology section). Apex of plantar surface Bearing transverse row of Not bearing transverse row of setae and of 1st metathoracic setae and usually platellae.1 platellae. tarsomere. 1 Term .from Howe (20). SELECTED CATEGORIES OF AUCHENORRHYNCHOUS HOMOPTERA 3 The conclusions from this study are some­ in a few genera the specimens bearing type times based on a single specimen of a. genus; labels were used. as a consequence, Qvergeneralization may re­ Each specimen was numbered and had a sult, especially in genera that have not been label with the author's name. This information carefuI1y studied recently and in which species and the location of specimens used in the study are included that are not closely related. In an are listed under the various leafhopper cate­ effort to reduce this possibility, determined gories so that subsequent researchGrs may specimens were used, in most genera a speci­ locate specimens about which questions may men of the type-species was investigated, and arise. LITERATURE REVIEW The majo~ contributio:n to the classification accompanied by the development of tibial of leafhoppers from a worldwide standpoint is spines, loss of thoracic sutures, changes in the a three-part work by J. W. Evans. Part 1 epicranial sutures, and the evolution of macro­ (Evans 13) deals with external morphology setae on the hind femur. He also considered the and the systematic position of the auchenorr­ aetalionids as a primitive subfamily of the hynchous Homoptera, which he divided into lVIembracidae and transferred the HyJicidae three sections-Fulgoromorpha, Cicadomorpha, and Eurymelidae into the CicadeIIidae. and Jassidomorpha. The Jassidomorpha was The female genitalia and their taxonomic divided into the superfamilies Cercopoidea and usefulness in leafhopper systematics have been J assoidea. The J assoidea was then further reported by several authors. The most exten­ divided into five families-Membracidae, Aeta­ sive study was conducted by Readio (35), who Iionidae, Hylicidae, Eurymelidae, and Jassidae investigated the shape, size, and variation of (CicadeIIidae). Part 2 (Evans 14) treats the the teeth of the second valvulae in several di­ taxonomy of the families Aetalionidae, Hylici­ verse species and found that the characters dae, and Eurymelidae. Part 3 (Evans 15) out­ were constant within each species. He also con­ lines and describes the higher categories in the cluded that various subfamilies were not dis­ family J assidae (Cicadellidae) and lists the tinctly set apart by characters of the second genera and their type-species for each group. valvulae; however, closely related genera pos­ The phylogeny of the auchenorrhynchous sessed very similar second valvulae. He re­ Homoptera at the
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