The Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Studies in Ancient Near Eastern Records
The Role of Women in Work and Society in the Ancient Near East Studies in Ancient Near Eastern Records General Editor: Gonzalo Rubio Editors: Nicole Brisch, Petra Goedegebuure, Markus Hilgert, Amélie Kuhrt, Peter Machinist, Piotr Michalowski, Cécile Michel, Beate Pongratz-Leisten, D. T. Potts, Kim Ryholt Volume 13 The Role of Women in Work and Society in the Ancient Near East Edited by Brigitte Lion and Cécile Michel ISBN 978-1-61451-913-3 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-1-61451-908-9 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-1-61451-997-3 ISSN 2161-4415 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2016 Walter de Gruyter Inc., Boston/Berlin Typesetting: Meta Systems Publishing & Printservices GmbH, Wustermark Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck ♾ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Foreword The idea for the conference on Women in Work and Society is already ten years old. It was first conceived to be an event open to historians of the classical world, as well as ethnologists. However, historians who specialize in ancient Greece and Rome are much ahead of Assyriologists on the matter of gender studies, and it appeared that it would be interesting to explore the involvement of women in the economy of ancient Mesopotamia. -
Issues and Potential Solutions to the Clean Heating Project in Rural Gansu
sustainability Article Issues and Potential Solutions to the Clean Heating Project in Rural Gansu Dehu Qv 1,* , Xiangjie Duan 1, Jijin Wang 2, Caiqin Hou 1, Gang Wang 1, Fengxi Zhou 1,* and Shaoyong Li 1,* 1 Department of Building Environment and Energy Application Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; [email protected] (X.D.); [email protected] (C.H.); [email protected] (G.W.) 2 School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150090, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (D.Q.); [email protected] (F.Z.); [email protected] (S.L.); Tel.: +86-931-2973715 (D.Q.) Abstract: Rural clean heating project (RCHP) in China aims to increase flexibility in the rural energy system, enhance the integration of renewable energy and distributed generation, and reduce environmental impact. While RCHP-enabling routes have been studied from a technical perspective, the economic, ecological, regulatory, and policy dimensions of RCHP are yet to be analysed in depth, especially in the underdeveloped areas in China. This paper discusses RCHP in rural Gansu using a multi-dimensional approach. We first focus on the current issues and challenges of RCHP in rural Gansu. Then the RCHP-enabling areas are briefly zoned into six typical regions based on the resource distribution in Gansu Province, and a matching framework of RCHP is recommended. Then we focus on the economics and sustainability of RCHP-enabling technologies. Based on the medium-term assessment of RCHP in the demonstration provinces, various technical schemes and routes are analysed and compared in order to determine which should be adopted in rural Gansu. -
Περίληψη : Χρονολόγηση Γεωγραφικός Εντοπισμός Ionic Colonization
IΔΡΥΜA ΜΕΙΖΟΝΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ Συγγραφή : Deger-Jalkotzy Segred (19/2/2004) Για παραπομπή : Deger-Jalkotzy Segred , "Ionic Colonization", 2004, Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=4675> Ionic Colonization Περίληψη : According to the ancient sources, Ionia consisted of twelve cities founded by a Greek population who left mainland Greece. Several issues concerning the reasons, the chronology as well as the ethnic identity of the immigrants or colonists have arisen and they still remain the focal point of a persistent debate among scholars. Χρονολόγηση 11th century B.C. (?) Γεωγραφικός εντοπισμός Asia Minor 1. Ionic Colonization: the written testimony During historical times Greek Ionia consisted of the twelve cities of the Panionic league: Miletus, Myus, Priene, Ephesos, Colophon, Lebedos, Teos, Clazomenae, Erythrae, Phocaea, and the island-states of Samos and Chios. According to the ancient sources, these cities were founded in the course of a migration movement which had set off from Athens, and which was led by the sons of the Athenian king Codrus. The reason of the exodus was ascribed by the ancient authors to a fight between the sons of Codrus for the succession to the throne, in which Medon prevailed.1 1.1 Herodotus Three ancient authors have dealt with the Ionic Migration in detail. According to Herodotus2 the Ionians had originally inhabited twelve cities in the Peloponnesian region of Achaea.3 As soon as they were expelled by the Achaeans, they sought refuge in Athens. Their descendants emigrated to Asia Minor, where they founded twelve cities in remembrance of their earlier settlement in Achaea. -
Some Professions with Both Male and Female Members in the Presargonic E2-MI2 Corpus
ORIENT Volume 51, 2016 Some Professions with Both Male and Female Members in the Presargonic E2-MI2 Corpus Fumi KARAHASHI The Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan (NIPPON ORIENTO GAKKAI) Some Professions with Both Male and Female Members in the Presargonic E2-MI2 Corpus Fumi Karahashi* This paper will examine three professions (šu-i2, tug2-du8, and i3-du8) in the Presargonic E2- MI2 Corpus that included both male and female members, with the aim of assessing their socio-economic status and roughly delineating their internal organization. A pattern seems to be discernible, namely that each group was comprised of men who held subsistence land and thus were listed in Type I ration lists, and men and women who held no land but received barley rations every month, and thus were listed in Type II or IV lists. Assuming that the ration lists and land allotment texts reflect the socio-economic status of a receiver, these documents should in turn refect the workforce hierarchy. Keywords: women, Presargonic, Lagaš, queen’s household, E2-MI2 I. Introduction The so-called Presargonic E2-MI2 Corpus (ED IIIb), which originated in Girsu in the city-state of Lagaš, contains some 1,800 texts (Foxvog 2011, 59). Many were excavated clandestinely and reached museums in various parts of the world (Paris, Berlin, London, St Petersburg, Copenhagen, US, and so forth) via antiquities dealers in Baghdad (Prentice 2010, 2–5). The majority of the documents are dated to the last three rulers of Presargonic Lagaš, spanning more than twenty years (Visicato 2011, 301; Sallaberger and Schrakamp 2015, 70–74).1 The institution that produced these documents was called E2-MI2 during the reigns of Enentarzi and Lugalanda as well as the frst year of Urukagina, and then its designation was changed to E2- d Ba-u2. -
3D Printing and 3D Scanning of Our Ancient History: Preservation and Protection of Our Cultural Heritage and Identity
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Volume 8, Issue 5, 2017 pp.441-456 Journal homepage: www.IJEE.IEEFoundation.org TECHNICAL PAPER 3D printing and 3D scanning of our ancient history: Preservation and protection of our cultural heritage and identity Maher A.R. Sadiq Al-Baghdadi Center of Preserving of the Cities Heritage and Identity, International Energy and Environment Foundation, Najaf, P.O.Box 39, Iraq. Received 12 June 2017; Received in revised form 12 Aug. 2017; Accepted 17 Aug. 2017; Available online 1 Sep. 2017 Abstract 3D printing and 3D scanning are increasingly used in archeology and in cultural heritage preservation. These 3D technologies provide museum curators, researchers and archeologists with new tools to capture in 3D ancient objects, artifacts or art pieces. They can then study, replicate, restore or simply archive them with much more details than traditional 2D pictures. It is even possible to 3D scan entire archeological sites to get a full 3D mapping. Iraq is too rich in ancient cultural heritage but unfortunately much of the hundreds of thousands of artifacts remain in archives of the museums worldwide. Having the exact copies of these ancient artifacts will allow the audience here to learn more about our heritage. The Center of Preserving of the Cities Heritage and Identity (CPCHI) at International Energy and Environment Foundation (IEEF) started a roadmap in preserving our ancient history with 3D scanning, 3D virtual reality, and 3D printing technologies. As part of the project create high-quality 3D replicas of our cultural heritage, which are located in our museums and sites, and most of them are spread around the world, and then exhibit it in several venues throughout our country Iraq. -
1 Bible Journey
Bible Journey: 1 Samuel February 21/22, 2021 The Big Picture Deuteronomistic History 1 Samuel continues the Deuteronomistic History that started back in Joshua and Judges. We saw that Judges was episodic rather than a comprehensive history of that time. 1 Samuel picks up in that same time period of the judges. In his farewell address in 1 Samuel 12, Samuel even summarizes the main part of the book of Judges. For more information about the author and date of composition, refer back to what we discussed the first week with the Deuteronomistic History. As with Joshua and Judges, some of the material here may be earlier sources that were pulled together into this final form of the narrative. So, some people attribute authorship to Samuel for some of this material, but clearly he didn’t write the portions that came after his death. Also, keep in mind that this is a collection of sources, brought together into this final form, rather than a single narrative composed from beginning to end by one person. This may help to explain some of the repetitions in the text, or the fact that some materials are placed together in a more thematic way rather than in a strictly linear narrative. The fact that these books went through at least a final edit during the time of the exile continues to color the themes of which accounts are preserved here and how they are told and interpreted. Transition from judges to the monarchy The final chapters of Judges repeatedly commented on the fact that there was no monarchy in Israel, during the time when things were spiraling out of control. -
A Buried Past: the Tomb Inscription
Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 52 (2009) 14-56 www.brill.nl/jesho A Buried Past: Th e Tomb Inscription (Muzhiming) and Offi cial Biographies of Wang Chuzhi (863-923) Angela Schottenhammer* Abstract Th e present article investigates the tomb inscription of Wang Chuzhi (863-923), a military governor whose career spanned the end of the Tang and the beginning of the Five Dynas- ties. By comparing the inscription with representations of the deceased in offi cial sources, the article reveals that the tomb inscription presents a critical attitude toward the moral standards of conventional historiography, and demonstrates a shifting moral geography in the works of Song historians. Th is new standard increasingly excluded nomadic peoples from the newly imagined political body, and excluded with them the pragmatic diplomacy that had characterized the politics of the Five Dynasties. Cet article analyse l’inscription funéraire de Wang Chuzhi (863-923). Ce gouverneur mili- taire vécut à la fi n des Tang et au début de la période des Cinq Dynasties. La comparaison de l’inscription à diverses représentations du défunt contenues dans les sources offi cielles montre la manière dont l’auteur de l’inscription critique les standards moraux de l’historiographie offi cielle. Elle montre aussi le cadre géographique mouvant dans lequel s’appliquait la morale Song : les populations nomades étaient de plus en plus exclues du corps politique tel qu’il était alors imaginé ; la diplomatie pragmatique qui avait dominé la période des Cinq Dynasties était abandonnée. Keywords tomb inscriptions, historiography, dynastic histories, Five Dynasties, Wang Chuzhi Introduction Wang Chuzhi 王處直 (863-923) was a high-ranking Military Commis- sioner who lived during the closing decades of the Tang (618-907) and the early years of the Five Dynasties (907-960), a time characterized by unceas- *) Angela Schottenhammer, Sinology, Japanese Studies, Munich University and Mar- burg University, Germany, [email protected]. -
New Radiocarbon Dates and a Review of the Chronology of Prehistoric Populations from the Minusinsk Basin, Southern Siberia, Russia
RADIOCARBON, Vol 51, Nr 1, 2009, p 243–273 © 2009 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona NEW RADIOCARBON DATES AND A REVIEW OF THE CHRONOLOGY OF PREHISTORIC POPULATIONS FROM THE MINUSINSK BASIN, SOUTHERN SIBERIA, RUSSIA Svetlana V Svyatko1,2 • James P Mallory1 • Eileen M Murphy1 • Andrey V Polyakov3 • Paula J Reimer1 • Rick J Schulting4 ABSTRACT. The results are presented of a new program of radiocarbon dating undertaken on 88 human skeletons. The indi- viduals derived from Eneolithic to Early Iron Age sites—Afanasievo, Okunevo, Andronovo (Fedorovo), Karasuk, and Tagar cultures—in the Minusinsk Basin of Southern Siberia. All the new dates have been acquired from human bone, which is in contrast to some of the previous dates for this region obtained from wood and thus possibly unreliable due to old-wood effects or re-use of the timber. The new data are compared with the existing 14C chronology for the region, thereby enabling a clearer understanding to be gained concerning the chronology of these cultures and their place within the prehistory of the Eurasian steppes. INTRODUCTION The results of radiocarbon dating are of particular importance for the establishment of the chronol- ogy of cultures not recorded in written sources, as is the case for most of the cultures of prehistoric Southern Siberia. Some of the first 14C dates obtained for the prehistoric complexes of Southern Siberia (Scythian monuments of the Altai Mountain region) were published in Radiocarbon in 1965 (Butomo 1965), and since then the various aspects of the area’s 14C chronology have been presented and discussed in its pages (e.g. -
Formation of the Traditional Chinese State Ritual System of Sacrifice To
religions Article Formation of the Traditional Chinese State Ritual System of Sacrifice to Mountain and Water Spirits Jinhua Jia 1,2 1 College of Humanities, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; [email protected] 2 Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China Abstract: Sacrifice to mountain and water spirits was already a state ritual in the earliest dynasties of China, which later gradually formed a system of five sacred peaks, five strongholds, four seas, and four waterways, which was mainly constructed by the Confucian ritual culture. A number of modern scholars have studied the five sacred peaks from different perspectives, yielding fruitful results, but major issues are still being debated or need to be plumbed more broadly and deeply, and the whole sacrificial system has not yet drawn sufficient attention. Applying a combined approach of religious, historical, geographical, and political studies, I provide here, with new discoveries and conclusions, the first comprehensive study of the formational process of this sacrificial system and its embodied religious-political conceptions, showing how these geographical landmarks were gradually integrated with religious beliefs and ritual-political institutions to become symbols of territorial, sacred, and political legitimacy that helped to maintain the unification and government of the traditional Chinese imperium for two thousand years. A historical map of the locations of the sacrificial temples for the eighteen mountain and water spirits is appended. Keywords: five sacred peaks; five strongholds; four seas; four waterways; state ritual system of sacrifice; Chinese religion; Chinese historical geography Citation: Jia, Jinhua. 2021. Formation of the Traditional Chinese State Ritual System of Sacrifice to Mountain and Water Spirits. -
SEA PEOPLES” and CANAAN in TRANSITION C
“SEA PEOPLES” AND CANAAN IN TRANSITION c. 1200-950 B.C. The Levant underwent significant changes and transformations between 1200 and 950 B.C., a period which corresponds to the end of the Late Bronze Age and to Iron Age I. The Bronze Age Canaanite and North-Syrian city-state system was then replaced by an ethno-political structure in which the various regions of the Levant were inhabited by different peoples. This change was accompanied by the collapse of the Hittite empire, by a considerable shrinking of the Assyrian power basis, and by the evanescence of the Egyptian control in Syro-Phoenicia and in Canaan, with concomitant and widespread destructions of the urban cen- tres. The consequence was the abrupt and of historical records provided by the cuneiform archives of Hattusha, Emar, and Ugarit, which were not replaced by a sufficient amount of reliable indigenous sources. Only a few inscriptions, especially from Byblos, and some passages hypo- thetically distinguishable in the biblical accounts can be considered as historical sources related to this period. This lack of indigenous docu- ments is by no means filled by the rare external references in Egypt and in Assyria, although one cannot neglect the “Israel Stela” of Merneptah, the Medinet Habu inscriptions and reliefs, which describe the wars of Ramses III against the “Sea Peoples” in his 8th year, the statement in Papyrus Harris I, that Ramses III settled his defeated foes in his strong- holds, the Tale of Wen Amon and the Onomasticon of Amenope, two literary works from the 11th century B.C., as well as the annals of Tiglath-pileser I (1114-1076 B.C.). -
Resolving the Chronology of the Hyksos Kings
RESOLVING CHRONOLOGY OF THE 2nd MILLENNIUM B.C. James B. Parkinson Several puzzling problems of Canaanite archaeology and Hyksos times can be resolved by looking for Israel’s Exodus and entry into Canaan rather earlier than has been commonly considered. Key findings include: The Mediterranean campaign of Ur-Nammu, king of Ur and Sumer, fourteen years before he died, corresponds well to the campaign of Amraphel, king of Shinar, fourteen years before Abram’s victory over him. Nearly 430 years later, Moses would have been contemporary with Pharaoh Khyan/Iannas (as attested in the N.T.); hence the Exodus from Egypt in B.C. 1615 must have begun the decline of the Hyksos kings. The once unexplained end of the Middle Bronze age in the mid-16th century B.C. is readily explained by the Israelite invasion of Canaan. The Habiru threat of the el-Amarna letters apparently follows the contemporary victories of Deborah/Barak and Gideon. The Biblical accounts appear both reliable and precise. Introduction Israel’s Exodus from Egypt and entry into Canaan are central to its early history. Over the past many decades scholars have argued only whether it was around the time of Thutmose III (mid-14th century B.C.) or around the end of the reign of Ramesses II (c. BC1237-1212). Abetted by lack of positive evidence for the former and by progressive lowerings of the reigns of the kings of the United Monarchy, the latter has been strongly favored of late. In the light of Palestinian archaeology, this view has made it fashionable to doubt the conquest tradition of Israel, or that any pre-Kings historical details should be taken more seriously than, say, the bizarre Gilgamesh Epic. -
Comptabilités, 8 | 2016 Archives and Bookkeeping in Southern Mesopotamia During the Ur III Period 2
Comptabilités Revue d'histoire des comptabilités 8 | 2016 Archéologie de la comptabilité. Culture matérielle des pratiques comptables au Proche-Orient ancien Archives and Bookkeeping in Southern Mesopotamia during the Ur III period Archéologie de la comptabilité. Culture matérielle des pratiques comptables au Proche-Orient ancien Archives et comptabilité dans le Sud mésopotamien pendant la période d’Ur III Archive und Rechnungswesen im Süden Mesopotamiens im Zeitalter von Ur III Archivos y contabilidad en el Periodo de Ur III (2110-2003 a.C.) Manuel Molina Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/comptabilites/1980 ISSN: 1775-3554 Publisher IRHiS-UMR 8529 Electronic reference Manuel Molina, « Archives and Bookkeeping in Southern Mesopotamia during the Ur III period », Comptabilités [Online], 8 | 2016, Online since 20 June 2016, connection on 19 April 2019. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/comptabilites/1980 This text was automatically generated on 19 April 2019. Tous droits réservés Archives and Bookkeeping in Southern Mesopotamia during the Ur III period 1 Archives and Bookkeeping in Southern Mesopotamia during the Ur III period* Archéologie de la comptabilité. Culture matérielle des pratiques comptables au Proche-Orient ancien Archives et comptabilité dans le Sud mésopotamien pendant la période d’Ur III Archive und Rechnungswesen im Süden Mesopotamiens im Zeitalter von Ur III Archivos y contabilidad en el Periodo de Ur III (2110-2003 a.C.) Manuel Molina 1 By the end of the 22nd century BC, king Ur-Namma inaugurated in Southern Mesopotamia the so-called Third Dynasty of Ur (2110-2003 BC). In this period, a large, well structured and organized state was built up, to such an extent that it has been considered by many a true empire.