DOCSLIB.ORG

Etude Sur La Dispersion/Germination En Lien Avec La Dynamique Des Écosystèmes Restaurés: Le Cas Du Plateau De Goro En Nouvelle-Calédonie

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Etude Sur La Dispersion/Germination En Lien Avec La Dynamique Des Écosystèmes Restaurés: Le Cas Du Plateau De Goro En Nouvelle-Calédonie Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie École doctorale du Pacifique ED469 Doctorat Science _Physiologie et biologie des organismes-population-interaction Spécialité : Ecologie et physiologie végétales appliquées Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien (IAC) Thèse présentée par Yawiya ITITIATY Etude sur la dispersion/germination en lien avec la dynamique des écosystèmes restaurés: le cas du plateau de Goro en Nouvelle-Calédonie Thèse dirigée par Bruno FOGLIANI, et Fabrice BRESCIA (co-encadrant) Thèse soutenue publiquement le 2 mai 2019 Jury composé de : Françoise Corbineau, Professeur, Université de Pierre et Marie Curie 1 Rapporteur Thierry Dutoit, Directeur de recherche au CNRS Rapporteur Eric Vidal, Directeur de recherche, IRD Examinateur Valérie Burtet-Sarramégna, Maître de conférences, UNC Examinateur Stéphane Mc Coy, Responsable du service préservation de Vale NC Examinateur Bruno Fogliani, Chercheur HDR et directeur adjoint de l’IAC Directeur de thèse Fabrice Brescia, Chercheur, IAC Co-encadrant Remerciements I koloini, la thèse est enfin terminée. Merci à tous ceux qui ont participé de près ou de loin à cette belle expérience. Avant tout, j’aimerais remercier Françoise Corbineau et Thierry Dutoit qui ont accepté d’être rapporteurs de cette thèse. Merci également à Eric Vidal, Valérie Burtet-Saramégna et Stephane Mc Coy d’avoir accepté d’examiner ce travail. Au Gouvernement de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, à la fondation Vale NC et à l’Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien, merci pour leur soutien financier. J’aimerais ensuite remercier Bruno Fogliani mon directeur de thèse et Fabrice Brescia mon encadrant pour leur confiance, leur soutien, leurs conseils et leur encadrement durant ces années de thèse. Merci de m’avoir donné les moyens de concrétiser ce projet. Merci également pour votre accompagnement dans la rédaction de ce manuscrit de thèse. Je n’ai pas les mots pour exprimer ma gratitude à part un simple « Olé boarii » merci beaucoup! La prochaine pensée va ensuite à mama (grand frère) Charly Zongo. Merci de m’avoir encouragé fortement à suivre la même voie que toi et de m’avoir lancé dans cette aventure qui fut une belle expérience. Ce n’est sans quelques larmes de reconnaissance que je rédige ces remerciements. Ces années de travail ont été une superbe aventure grâce à toute l’équipe Ecorce (à temps plein ou de passage) : Bruno, Marie (notre grande dame), Charly, Casi, Romain, Guigui, Louis Charles, Marie Dubreuil, Sylvie, Peter, Lho, Simon, Gigi, Marie De Gail et sans oublier la fille de Pouebo (Jo), Cedric, Eugénie et Malik. Merci à tous pour vos encouragements, le partage de connaissances (scientifiques et de culture générale), pour les sourires, les fous rires et surtout les moments de partage autour d’une bonne salade tahitienne et d’un gâteau au chocolat. Merci beaucoup la bande! Merci à L’ho, Peter et Simon pour les longues discussions et leurs conseils en statistiques; et merci à Peter et Marie pour les Illustrations. Merci à Casi pour son aide sur le terrain et pour l’identification d’espèces adultes ou des plantules. Merci à Jean Paul, René et Alexandre pour les quelques virées de terrain qui furent mémorables et pour m’avoir aidé dans le rempotage des plants. Merci aux stagiaires: Pierre, Océane, Marie, Esmeralda, Jo et Brandon. Qu’ils aient effectué une semaine, un mois, trois mois ou six mois avec moi, leur contribution fut d’une grande aide dans l’aboutissement de ce projet. Merci également de m’avoir permis de partager avec vous les connaissances acquises tout au long de ce parcours. Merci à toute l’équipe de la Pépinière de Vale NC pour leur accueil chaleureux (le café et les biscuits), pour leur enthousiasme, leur encouragement et leur joie de vivre. A Stéphane Mc Coy (notre papa de la pépinière) merci beaucoup pour le partage de connaissances (l’accès à la liste des taxons de la flore de la zone), pour m’avoir donné l’accès à l’herbier et à la photothèque de Vale NC et pour m’avoir aidé dans la détermination des espèces inconnues lors de l’inventaire. Merci à Jacqueline pour sa disponibilité, son accueil chaleureux et son sourire à l’herbier de Nouméa. Merci à Ruth Bone du Kew Botanical Garden, d’avoir soumis nos données au modèle de Wyse & Dickie (2017) et à toute l’équipe du Millenium Seed Bank pour l’invitation et la prise en charge des deux semaines de formation passées avec eux. Merci à Clément Paita et à Clothilde Tindao pour avoir veillé sur moi durant mes années de travail à Paita. Merci à grand mère Wamè et à mes grands-pères : Itopupu, Sinaw Coti et Kwidjo grâce à qui je me permets de travailler à Goro librement comme si j’y étais comme chez moi. Merci aux esprits de la terre du plateau de Goro de nous avoir permis de fouler leur terre et d’avoir veillé sur nous. Je tenais également à remercie moumwa (grande sœur) Sya d’avoir partagé sa passion pour les plantes et son charisme avec moi. Merci à moumwa Bwa d’être toujours là pour m’écouter, m’encourager et me remettre sur les rails quand je divague. Merci à l’association Gnâ gnii (fleur du Soleil) au bureau, aux membres et surtout aux enfants, pour l’aide et le soutien durant ces années. A mes trésors : Sinaw, les 2 Katché, Jean Marie, Kynaël, Tchako, Kwiè, Cetré, Tchoti, Kendrick, Jayanna, Eugenie, Djakou, Jemima, Saito, Tonya, Maybel, Wanakami et Wadangari pour leur innocence et leur joie de vivre qui me donnent le courage d’avancer. A mes frères, sœurs, cousins, cousines, bien trop nombreux pour être cités, pour leur présence et leurs petits mots d’encouragement tout au long de cette aventure. A ma grand-mère Viviane pour ses encouragements et pour toutes ses prières du matin. Merci à mon petit frère Amédée pour être venu à chaque fois réparer ma vieille Xsara et faire qu’elle puisse tenir jusqu’au bout de la thèse. Enfin à ma mère, Sarah sans qui rien de tout ce parcours ne serait possible, merci pour ta confiance, et surtout merci de m’avoir donné des racines (par ton amour) et des ailes (en m’apprenant à rêver). Merci de m’avoir écouté, encouragé, soutenu, tout au long du chemin. Merci d’être mon modèle de force et de courage chaque jour. A ma mère et à mes trésors…. AVERTISSEMENT Le contenu de cette thèse est bilingue. L’introduction générale, les chapitres 1, 3 et 4 ainsi que la synthèse et les recommandations sont rédigés en français. Le chapitre 2 présente un article scientifique rédigé en anglais. FOREWORD The content of this thesis is bilingual. The main introduction, the chapters 1, 3 and 4 and the chapter synthesis and recommendations are written in French. The chapter 2 presents one scientific article written in English and the abstract in French. TABLE DES MATIERES Introduction générale .........................................................................................................................1 Chapitre 1: Synthèse des connaissances sur le concept de restauration écologique et déclinaison en Nouvelle-Calédonie.............................................................................................................................7 1. Restaurer les milieux dégradés ....................................................................................................8 1.1. Problématique de la restauration des milieux dégradés ........................................................8 1.2. La restauration écologique ...................................................................................................9 1.2.1. Définition.......................................................................................................................9 1.2.2. Restauration passive .................................................................................................... 10 1.2.3. Restauration active ...................................................................................................... 11 v La plantation .............................................................................................................. 11 v L'ensemencement ...................................................................................................... 11 v L'utilisation du topsoil ................................................................................................ 12 1.3. Dispositif de restauration d'un milieu dégradé par l'activité minière ................................... 14 2. Restaurer les continuités écologiques pour favoriser la restauration des milieux dégradés ........ 18 2.1. Problématique de fragmentation des milieux: la disparition des connectivités ................... 18 2.2. Restaurer les continuités écologiques ................................................................................. 20 2.3. La dispersion des fruits/graines au sein des connectivités ................................................... 22 2.3.1. Les différents modes de dispersion des fruits/graines .................................................. 23 v L'anémochorie ........................................................................................................... 23 v La zoochorie .............................................................................................................. 23 v Hydrochorie, Autochorie et Barochorie: ..................................................................... 25 2.3.2. Les intérêts biologiques de la dispersion ...................................................................... 25 2.4. Maitrise de la tolérance à la dessiccation des graines et leur germination pour la restauration des milieux dégradés ...........................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Metrosideros.Pdf
    Riding the ice age El Nin˜ o? Pacific biogeography and evolution of Metrosideros subg. Metrosideros (Myrtaceae) inferred from nuclear ribosomal DNA S. D. Wright*†, C. G. Yong*, J. W. Dawson‡, D. J. Whittaker*, and R. C. Gardner* *School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, P.B. 92019 Auckland, New Zealand; and ‡School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University, Box 600 Wellington, New Zealand Edited by Peter H. Raven, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, and approved January 10, 2000 (received for review August 17, 1999) Metrosideros subg. Metrosideros (Myrtaceae) comprises Ϸ26 The very small seeds of Metrosideros require wind speeds of species distributed widely across the Pacific basin. They occur on only 5–19 km per h to be lofted. The seeds can retain viability the ancient Gondwanan landmasses of New Zealand and New in temperatures of Ϫ30°C for at least 6 h and after seawater Caledonia, as well as on the volcanic islands of the remote immersion for more than 1 month (10). Carlquist (1) suggested Pacific, from Melanesia to tropical Polynesia and the Bonin that the more remote taxa had achieved long-distance dispersal Island. Phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ribosomal DNA to the isolated islands of Oceania on high-altitude jet streams spacer sequences from all named species showed Metrosideros that traverse the tropical Pacific from west to east. The most umbellata of New Zealand as basal in the subgenus, with the recent speculation on the dispersal history of subg. Metrosideros remaining species falling into three monophyletic clades. One (6) points to New Zealand rather than New Caledonia as the includes the seven New Caledonian species together with three landmass of origin and suggests that Samoa is the secondary axis daughters in western Oceania that probably dispersed during of dispersal into remote Polynesia.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on Lophocoleaceae XXI. Otoscyphus J.J. Engel, Bardat Et Thouvenot, a New Liverwort Genus from New Caledonia with an Unusual Morphology
    Cryptogamie, Bryologie, 2012, 33 (3): 279-289 © 2012 Adac. Tous droits réservés Studies on Lophocoleaceae XXI. Otoscyphus J.J. Engel, Bardat et Thouvenot, a new liverwort genus from New Caledonia with an unusual morphology John J. ENGEL a*, Jacques BARDAT b & Louis THOUVENOT c a Bryology, Head of Cryptogams, Department of Botany The Field Museum 1400 South Lake Shore Drive Chicago, IL 60605-2496 U.S.A. b Museum National d’Histoire naturelle, Département Systématique et Évolution UMR 7205, CP39, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France c 11, rue Saint-Léon, 66000 Perpignan, France (Received 15 January 2012, accepted 15 February 2012) Abstract – A new genus of liverwort in the family Lophocoleaceae is described and illustrated. The genus Octoscyphus presents a suite of original characters for this family. It is placed in the subfamily Lophocoleoideae. It has, in particular, a unique feature among leafy liverworts: The leaves have a very broad foliar base forming a longitudinally inserted pocket. The feature involves several characters. This genus is represented by a single species, Otoscyphus crassicaulis comb. nov., from New Caledonia. The species is montane and occurs on the dead, rotted wood. Marchantiophyta / Jungermanniales / Australasia / bryophytes / liverworts / new genus / Otoscyphus / Pacific region Résumé – Un nouveau genre d’hépatique de la famille des Lophocoleaceae est décrit et illustré. Le genre Otoscyphus présente un ensemble de caractères originaux pour cette famille. Il est placé dans la sous-famille des Lophocoleoideae. Caractère unique chez les hépatiques à feuilles, ses feuilles présentent une base très large formant une poche insérée longitudinalement. Ce genre est représenté par une seule espèce, Otoscyphus crassicaulis comb.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematics and Evolution of New Caledonian Araucaria
    Systematics and Evolution of New Caledonian Araucaria A thesis submitted to the University of Edinburgh for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Mai-lan Kranitz PhD thesis The University of Edinburgh September 2005 ABSTRACT New Caledonia is a global biodiversity hotspot and contains more than 2300 endemic species including 7% of the world’s conifers. No other region in the world with such a small area possesses such a rich and distinctive conifer flora, and 13 of the world’s 19 Araucaria species are endemic to New Caledonia. This thesis has investigated the evolution and systematics of this group. A molecular phylogenetic study based on sequence data from two chloroplast regions resolved all 13 New Caledonian species as a monophyletic group, sister to the Norfolk Island Pine ( A. heterophylla ). The relationships between the New Caledonian species was not fully resolved as little sequence variability was detected, however, three main groups were defined. The species with bigger leaves occupied a basal polytomy, whereas the vast majority of species with smaller leaves were grouped together in a clade. Within this ‘small leaved’ clade, the three New Caledonian species with a coastal distribution formed another monophyletic group. The timing of the radiation of all these species was tested via a molecular clock approach using different calibration tools (fossil data, geological events, substitution rates). The precise dating of the New Caledonian radiation remains uncertain because different calibration methods give different dates. However, it seems likely to have occurred between 10 and 43 mya . What can be said is that the limited sequence divergence between these species (which in other groups would be typical of <3 million years divergence), does not tally with the fossil record and geological events.
    [Show full text]
  • Southwest Pacific Islands: Samoa, Fiji, Vanuatu & New Caledonia Trip Report 11Th to 31St July 2015
    Southwest Pacific Islands: Samoa, Fiji, Vanuatu & New Caledonia Trip Report 11th to 31st July 2015 Orange Fruit Dove by K. David Bishop Trip Report - RBT Southwest Pacific Islands 2015 2 Tour Leaders: K. David Bishop and David Hoddinott Trip Report compiled by Tour Leader: K. David Bishop Tour Summary Rockjumper’s inaugural tour of the islands of the Southwest Pacific kicked off in style with dinner at the Stamford Airport Hotel in Sydney, Australia. The following morning we were soon winging our way north and eastwards to the ancient Gondwanaland of New Caledonia. Upon arrival we then drove south along a road more reminiscent of Europe, passing through lush farmlands seemingly devoid of indigenous birds. Happily this was soon rectified; after settling into our Noumea hotel and a delicious luncheon, we set off to explore a small nature reserve established around an important patch of scrub and mangroves. Here we quickly cottoned on to our first endemic, the rather underwhelming Grey-eared Honeyeater, together with Nankeen Night Herons, a migrant Sacred Kingfisher, White-bellied Woodswallow, Fantailed Gerygone and the resident form of Rufous Whistler. As we were to discover throughout this tour, in areas of less than pristine habitat we encountered several Grey-eared Honeyeater by David Hoddinott introduced species including Common Waxbill. And so began a series of early starts which were to typify this tour, though today everyone was up with added alacrity as we were heading to the globally important Rivierre Bleu Reserve and the haunt of the incomparable Kagu. We drove 1.3 hours to the reserve, passing through a stark landscape before arriving at the appointed time to meet my friend Jean-Marc, the reserve’s ornithologist and senior ranger.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematics and Floral Evolution in the Plant Genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae) Patrick Wayne Sweeney University of Missouri-St
    University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Dissertations UMSL Graduate Works 7-30-2008 Systematics and Floral Evolution in the Plant Genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae) Patrick Wayne Sweeney University of Missouri-St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Sweeney, Patrick Wayne, "Systematics and Floral Evolution in the Plant Genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae)" (2008). Dissertations. 539. https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/539 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the UMSL Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SYSTEMATICS AND FLORAL EVOLUTION IN THE PLANT GENUS GARCINIA (CLUSIACEAE) by PATRICK WAYNE SWEENEY M.S. Botany, University of Georgia, 1999 B.S. Biology, Georgia Southern University, 1994 A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Graduate School of the UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI- ST. LOUIS In partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in BIOLOGY with an emphasis in Plant Systematics November, 2007 Advisory Committee Elizabeth A. Kellogg, Ph.D. Peter F. Stevens, Ph.D. P. Mick Richardson, Ph.D. Barbara A. Schaal, Ph.D. © Copyright 2007 by Patrick Wayne Sweeney All Rights Reserved Sweeney, Patrick, 2007, UMSL, p. 2 Dissertation Abstract The pantropical genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae), a group comprised of more than 250 species of dioecious trees and shrubs, is a common component of lowland tropical forests and is best known by the highly prized fruit of mangosteen (G. mangostana L.). The genus exhibits as extreme a diversity of floral form as is found anywhere in angiosperms and there are many unresolved taxonomic issues surrounding the genus.
    [Show full text]
  • Genera in Myrtaceae Family
    Genera in Myrtaceae Family Genera in Myrtaceae Ref: http://data.kew.org/vpfg1992/vascplnt.html R. K. Brummitt 1992. Vascular Plant Families and Genera, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew REF: Australian – APC http://www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html & APNI http://www.anbg.gov.au/cgi-bin/apni Some of these genera are not native but naturalised Tasmanian taxa can be found at the Census: http://tmag.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1273 Future reference: http://tmag.tas.gov.au/floratasmania [Myrtaceae is being edited at mo] Acca O.Berg Euryomyrtus Schaur Osbornia F.Muell. Accara Landrum Feijoa O.Berg Paragonis J.R.Wheeler & N.G.Marchant Acmena DC. [= Syzigium] Gomidesia O.Berg Paramyrciaria Kausel Acmenosperma Kausel [= Syzigium] Gossia N.Snow & Guymer Pericalymma (Endl.) Endl. Actinodium Schauer Heteropyxis Harv. Petraeomyrtus Craven Agonis (DC.) Sweet Hexachlamys O.Berg Phymatocarpus F.Muell. Allosyncarpia S.T.Blake Homalocalyx F.Muell. Pileanthus Labill. Amomyrtella Kausel Homalospermum Schauer Pilidiostigma Burret Amomyrtus (Burret) D.Legrand & Kausel [=Leptospermum] Piliocalyx Brongn. & Gris Angasomyrtus Trudgen & Keighery Homoranthus A.Cunn. ex Schauer Pimenta Lindl. Angophora Cav. Hottea Urb. Pleurocalyptus Brongn. & Gris Archirhodomyrtus (Nied.) Burret Hypocalymma (Endl.) Endl. Plinia L. Arillastrum Pancher ex Baill. Kania Schltr. Pseudanamomis Kausel Astartea DC. Kardomia Peter G. Wilson Psidium L. [naturalised] Asteromyrtus Schauer Kjellbergiodendron Burret Psiloxylon Thouars ex Tul. Austromyrtus (Nied.) Burret Kunzea Rchb. Purpureostemon Gugerli Babingtonia Lindl. Lamarchea Gaudich. Regelia Schauer Backhousia Hook. & Harv. Legrandia Kausel Rhodamnia Jack Baeckea L. Lenwebia N.Snow & ZGuymer Rhodomyrtus (DC.) Rchb. Balaustion Hook. Leptospermum J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Rinzia Schauer Barongia Peter G.Wilson & B.Hyland Lindsayomyrtus B.Hyland & Steenis Ristantia Peter G.Wilson & J.T.Waterh.
    [Show full text]
  • ACT, Australian Capital Territory
    Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Material Saving Rainforests in the South Pacific
    Australian Journal of Botany 65, 609–624 © CSIRO 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/BT17096_AC Supplementary material Saving rainforests in the South Pacific: challenges in ex situ conservation Karen D. SommervilleA,H, Bronwyn ClarkeB, Gunnar KeppelC,D, Craig McGillE, Zoe-Joy NewbyA, Sarah V. WyseF, Shelley A. JamesG and Catherine A. OffordA AThe Australian PlantBank, The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mount Annan, NSW 2567, Australia. BThe Australian Tree Seed Centre, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. CSchool of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia DBiodiversity, Macroecology and Conservation Biogeography Group, Faculty of Forest Sciences, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany. EInstitute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222 Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand. FRoyal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, RH17 6TN, United Kingdom. GNational Herbarium of New South Wales, The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. HCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Table S1 (below) comprises a list of seed producing genera occurring in rainforest in Australia and various island groups in the South Pacific, along with any available information on the seed storage behaviour of species in those genera. Note that the list of genera is not exhaustive and the absence of a genus from a particular island group simply means that no reference was found to its occurrence in rainforest habitat in the references used (i.e. the genus may still be present in rainforest or may occur in that locality in other habitats). As the definition of rainforest can vary considerably among localities, for the purpose of this paper we considered rainforests to be terrestrial forest communities, composed largely of evergreen species, with a tree canopy that is closed for either the entire year or during the wet season.
    [Show full text]
  • Myrtle Rust Reviewed the Impacts of the Invasive Plant Pathogen Austropuccinia Psidii on the Australian Environment R
    Myrtle Rust reviewed The impacts of the invasive plant pathogen Austropuccinia psidii on the Australian environment R. O. Makinson 2018 DRAFT CRCPLANTbiosecurity CRCPLANTbiosecurity © Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, 2018 ‘Myrtle Rust reviewed: the impacts of the invasive pathogen Austropuccinia psidii on the Australian environment’ is licenced by the Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre for use under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Australia licence. For licence conditions see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This Review provides background for the public consultation document ‘Myrtle Rust in Australia – a draft Action Plan’ available at www.apbsf.org.au Author contact details R.O. Makinson1,2 [email protected] 1Bob Makinson Consulting ABN 67 656 298 911 2The Australian Network for Plant Conservation Inc. Cite this publication as: Makinson RO (2018) Myrtle Rust reviewed: the impacts of the invasive pathogen Austropuccinia psidii on the Australian environment. Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, Canberra. Front cover: Top: Spotted Gum (Corymbia maculata) infected with Myrtle Rust in glasshouse screening program, Geoff Pegg. Bottom: Melaleuca quinquenervia infected with Myrtle Rust, north-east NSW, Peter Entwistle This project was jointly funded through the Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre and the Australian Government’s National Environmental Science Program. The Plant Biosecurity CRC is established and supported under the Australian Government Cooperative Research Centres Program. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This review of the environmental impacts of Myrtle Rust in Australia is accompanied by an adjunct document, Myrtle Rust in Australia – a draft Action Plan. The Action Plan was developed in 2018 in consultation with experts, stakeholders and the public. The intent of the draft Action Plan is to provide a guiding framework for a specifically environmental dimension to Australia’s response to Myrtle Rust – that is, the conservation of native biodiversity at risk.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology of Pyrmont Peninsula 1788 - 2008
    Transformations: Ecology of Pyrmont peninsula 1788 - 2008 John Broadbent Transformations: Ecology of Pyrmont peninsula 1788 - 2008 John Broadbent Sydney, 2010. Ecology of Pyrmont peninsula iii Executive summary City Council’s ‘Sustainable Sydney 2030’ initiative ‘is a vision for the sustainable development of the City for the next 20 years and beyond’. It has a largely anthropocentric basis, that is ‘viewing and interpreting everything in terms of human experience and values’(Macquarie Dictionary, 2005). The perspective taken here is that Council’s initiative, vital though it is, should be underpinned by an ecocentric ethic to succeed. This latter was defined by Aldo Leopold in 1949, 60 years ago, as ‘a philosophy that recognizes[sic] that the ecosphere, rather than any individual organism[notably humans] is the source and support of all life and as such advises a holistic and eco-centric approach to government, industry, and individual’(http://dictionary.babylon.com). Some relevant considerations are set out in Part 1: General Introduction. In this report, Pyrmont peninsula - that is the communities of Pyrmont and Ultimo – is considered as a microcosm of the City of Sydney, indeed of urban areas globally. An extensive series of early views of the peninsula are presented to help the reader better visualise this place as it was early in European settlement (Part 2: Early views of Pyrmont peninsula). The physical geography of Pyrmont peninsula has been transformed since European settlement, and Part 3: Physical geography of Pyrmont peninsula describes the geology, soils, topography, shoreline and drainage as they would most likely have appeared to the first Europeans to set foot there.
    [Show full text]
  • Report on the Grimwade Plant Collection of Percival St John and Botanical Exploration of Mt Buffalo National Park (Victoria, Australia)
    Report on the Grimwade Plant Collection of Percival St John and Botanical Exploration of Mt Buffalo National Park (Victoria, Australia) Alison Kellow Michael Bayly Pauline Ladiges School of Botany, The University of Melbourne July, 2007 THE GRIMWADE PLANT COLLECTION, MT BUFFALO Contents Summary ...........................................................................................................................3 Mt Buffalo and its flora.....................................................................................................4 History of botanical exploration........................................................................................5 The Grimwade plant collection of Percival St John..........................................................8 A new collection of plants from Mt Buffalo - The Miegunyah Plant Collection (2006/2007) ....................................................................................................................................13 Plant species list for Mt Buffalo National Park...............................................................18 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................19 Acknowledgments...........................................................................................................19 References .......................................................................................................................20 Appendix 1 Details of specimens in the Grimwade Plant Collection.............................22
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution and Ecology of the Conifers of New Caledonia
    I 1 extrait de : EGOLQGY OP THE SOUTHERN CONIFERS Edited by : Neal J. ENRIGHT and Robert S. HILL MELBOW WVERSITY PRESS - 1935 5. - I Distribution and Ecology 8 of the Conifers of - New Caledonia T. JAFFRÉ ESPITE ITS small area (19 O00 km2) New Caledonia possesses a rich and distinctive flora, totalling 3000 species of phanerogams of which 75 to 80 per cent are endemic. Among these are 43 conifers (all endemic) belonging D (1 to four families: Taxaceae (one sp.), Podocarpaceae (18 spp.), Araucariaceae 8 spp.), Cupressaceae (six spp.). \ The sole species of the family Taxaceae belongs to the endemic genus Austrotaxus. The Podocarpaceae is divided among eight genera: Podocarpus (seven ii spp.), Dacrydium (four spp.), Retrophyllum (twospp.), Falcatifolium, Dacrycarpus, Acmopyb, Prumnopitys and Parasitaxus (one sp. each), the last being endemic to New Caledonia (Page 1988). The Araucariaceae comprises two genera, Araucaria (13 spp.) and Agathis (five spp.), and the Cupressaceae the genera Libocedrus (three spp.), Callitris (two spp.), and the monotypic and endemic Neocallitropsis (de Laubenfels 1972). No other region of the world with such a small area possesses such a rich and distinctive conifer flora. Growth forms The majority of New Caledonian conifers are tall trees but there are also small trees and shrubs. The Araucariaceae, all arborescent, includes nine species exploited for their timber (Agatbis corbassonii, A. lanceolata, A. moorei, A. ovata, Araucaria columnaris, A. bernieri, A. laubenfelsii, A. luxurians, A. subulata). The Agatbis species are among the most massive forest trees; some individuals I of the tallest species, Agatbis lanceolata, have trunks more than 2.5 m in diameter and attain a height of 30-40 m.
    [Show full text]