University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons

Theses (Historic Preservation) Graduate Program in Historic Preservation

1-1-2005

Imitators, Contextuals, and Contrastors: A Case Study of the Effects of Modern Architecture on the Streetscapes of the Society Hill Historic District Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Purvi Gandhi Irwin University of Pennsylvania, [email protected]

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Part of the Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons

Irwin, Purvi Gandhi, "Imitators, Contextuals, and Contrastors: A Case Study of the Effects of Modern Architecture on the Streetscapes of the Society Hill Historic District Philadelphia, Pennsylvania" (2005). Theses (Historic Preservation). 25. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/25

Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Historic Preservation 2005. Advisor: David Hollenberg

This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/25 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Imitators, Contextuals, and Contrastors: A Case Study of the Effects of Modern Architecture on the Streetscapes of the Society Hill Historic District Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Disciplines Historic Preservation and Conservation

Comments Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Historic Preservation 2005. Advisor: David Hollenberg

This thesis or dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/25 ȱ IMITATORS,ȱCONTEXTUALSȱANDȱCONTRASTORS:ȱ AȱCASEȱSTUDYȱOFȱTHEȱEFFECTSȱOFȱMODERNȱARCHITECTUREȱONȱTHEȱ STREETSCAPESȱOFȱTHEȱSOCIETYȱHILLȱHISTORICȱDISTRICTȱ PHILADELPHIA,ȱPENNSYLVANIAȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ PurviȱBipinȱGandhiȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ AȱTHESISȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ inȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ HistoricȱPreservationȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ PresentedȱtoȱtheȱFacultiesȱofȱtheȱUniversityȱofȱPennsylvaniaȱinȱ ȱ PartialȱFulfillmentȱofȱtheȱRequirementsȱforȱtheȱDegreeȱofȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ MASTERȱOFȱSCIENCEȱINȱHISTORICȱPRESERVATIONȱ ȱ ȱ 2005ȱ ȱ ȱ ______ȱ ______ȱ AdvisorȱȱȱȱȱȱReaderȱ DavidȱHollenbergȱȱȱȱȱJohnȱD.ȱMilner,ȱFAIAȱ LecturerȱinȱHistoricȱPreservationȱȱ ȱ AdjunctȱProfessorȱofȱArchitectureȱ ȱ ȱ ______ȱ ProgramȱChairȱ FrankȱG.ȱMateroȱ ProfessorȱofȱArchitectureȱ

ȱ Acknowledgementsȱ ȱ Iȱwouldȱlikeȱtoȱthankȱmyȱadvisor,ȱDavidȱHollenbergȱforȱallȱofȱhisȱhelpȱandȱ supportȱthroughoutȱtheȱsemesterȱinȱstartingȱandȱfinishingȱmyȱthesis.ȱIȱwouldȱalsoȱ likeȱtoȱthankȱJohnȱMilner,ȱmyȱreader,ȱwhoȱwentȱaboveȱandȱbeyondȱtheȱnormalȱ responsibilitiesȱofȱaȱreaderȱbyȱcommentingȱonȱmyȱworkȱthroughoutȱtheȱsemester.ȱ Withoutȱtheseȱtwoȱprofessors,ȱthisȱthesisȱwouldȱneverȱhaveȱbeenȱfinishedȱinȱtime.ȱ ȱ Iȱwouldȱalsoȱlikeȱtoȱthankȱmyȱparents,ȱBipinȱandȱPurnimaȱGandhiȱforȱallȱ ofȱtheirȱsupportȱinȱmyȱeducationalȱendeavorsȱthroughoutȱmyȱlifeȱandȱforȱ supportingȱmeȱinȱeverythingȱthatȱI’veȱdone.ȱȱ ȱ Myȱsister,ȱPriyaȱGandhi,ȱandȱmyȱfiancéȱAllenȱIrwinȱalsoȱdeserveȱ recognitionȱforȱtakingȱonȱtheȱtediousȱtaskȱofȱcopyȱeditingȱthisȱdocument.ȱIȱknowȱ thatȱitȱwasȱnoȱsmallȱtaskȱandȱIȱamȱtrulyȱgratefulȱforȱtheȱtimeȱtheyȱspent.ȱ ȱ

ȱ iiȱ ȱ TableȱofȱContentsȱ ȱ Chapterȱ1 ...... 1 Chapterȱ2 ...... 9 PreservationȱandȱPlaceȬmaking ...... 10 AddressingȱModernȱInfillȱinȱHistoricȱNeighborhoods...... 13 RegulationsȱinȱSocietyȱHillȱDuringȱtheȱRedevelopment ...... 15 WashingtonȱSquareȱEastȱUrbanȱRenewalȱPlansȱUnitȱ1ȱandȱUnitȱ2 ...... 17 TechnicalȱReports...... 20 WashingtonȱSquareȱRedevelopmentȱAreaȱPlan ...... 24 CurrentȱTrends ...... 25 RelationshipȱofȱOldȱtoȱNew...... 28 Chapterȱ3 ...... 30 EarlyȱSettlement ...... 30 Decline ...... 32 Redevelopment...... 35 Chapterȱ4 ...... 44 AnalysisȱMethods ...... 45 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreet ...... 55 NorthȱSideȱ–ȱConstructionȱHistory...... 55 NorthȱSideȱ–ȱTheȱModernȱBuildings ...... 59 SouthȱSideȱ–ȱConstructionȱHistory...... 62 SouthȱSideȱ–ȱTheȱModernȱBuildings...... 65 OverallȱBlockȱConditions...... 69 100ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreet ...... 93 NorthȱSide ...... 93 SouthȱSideȱ–ȱConstructionȱHistory...... 93 SouthȱSideȱ–ȱModernȱBuildings ...... 98 OverallȱBlockȱConditions...... 102 600ȱBlockȱPineȱStreet...... 119 NorthȱSideȱ–ȱConstructionȱHistory...... 119 NorthȱSideȱ–ȱModernȱBuildings...... 123 SouthȱSideȱ–ȱConstructionȱHistory...... 127 SouthȱSideȱ–ȱModernȱBuildings ...... 129 OverallȱConditions...... 132 OtherȱProperties ...... 151

ȱ iiiȱ ȱ TableȱofȱContentsȱ ȱ OverreachingȱThemesȱandȱConditions ...... 168 ZoningȱIssues...... 172 Chapterȱ5 ...... 174 AppendixȱAȱ–ȱWashingtonȱSquareȱEastȱUnitȱ1ȱUrbanȱRenewalȱPlan...... 177ȱ AppendixȱBȱ–ȱWashingtonȱSquareȱEastȱUnitȱ2ȱUrbanȱRenewalȱPlan...... 184ȱ AppendixȱCȱ–ȱChartsȱfromȱWrightȱAndradeȱandȱAmentaȱTechnicalȱReport ...... 190ȱ AppendixȱDȱ–ȱExcerptȱfromȱSocietyȱHillȱHistoricȱDistrict:ȱAȱGuideȱforȱOwners .....195ȱ AppendixȱEȱ–ȱSocietyȱHillȱInventory ...... 197ȱ Bibliography ...... 219ȱ Index ...... 224ȱ ȱ

ȱ ivȱ ȱ Imagesȱ ȱ Imageȱ1ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱ201,ȱ203,ȱ205,ȱ207,ȱ209...... 77ȱ Imageȱ2ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱ211,ȱ213,ȱ215 ...... 77ȱ Imageȱ3ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱ217,ȱ219,ȱ221,ȱ223 ...... 78ȱ Imageȱ4ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱ225,ȱ227,ȱ229,ȱ231 ...... 78ȱ Imageȱ5ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱ233,ȱ235Ȭ37,ȱ239,ȱ241 ...... 79ȱ Imageȱ6ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱ243,ȱ251 ...... 79ȱ Imageȱ7ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱLookingȱNWȱfromȱSecondȱStreet...... 80ȱ Imageȱ8ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱLookingȱWȱfromȱThirdȱStreet ...... 80ȱ Imageȱ9ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱLookingȱNWȱatȱ#215Ȭ217...... 81ȱ Imageȱ10ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱLookingȱEȱfromȱThirdȱStreet...... 81ȱ Imageȱ11ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱLookingȱWestȱfromȱ#207 ...... 82ȱ Imageȱ12ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱ1957ȱviewȱofȱ#213Ȭ219 ...... 83ȱ Imageȱ13ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱ1957ȱȬȱviewȱofȱ#221Ȭ227...... 83ȱ Imageȱ14ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱ1957ȱȬȱviewȱofȱ#231Ȭ241...... 84ȱ Imageȱ15ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱ1944ȱȬȱviewȱofȱ#243Ȭ249...... 84ȱ Imageȱ16ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱ200Ȭ04 ...... 85ȱ Imageȱ17ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱ208Ȭ12,ȱ214,ȱ216...... 85ȱ Imageȱ18ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱ218,ȱ220,ȱ222,ȱ224...... 86ȱ Imageȱ19ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱ226,ȱ228Ȭ30,ȱ232...... 86ȱ Imageȱ20ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱ234,ȱ236,ȱ238,ȱ240...... 87ȱ Imageȱ22ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱ242,ȱ244,ȱ246,ȱ248...... 87ȱ Imageȱ22ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱ–ȱ250 ...... 88ȱ Imageȱ23ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱLookingȱNEȱfromȱThirdȱStreet...... 89ȱ Imageȱ24ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱLookingȱWestȱfromȱSecondȱStreet...... 89ȱ Imageȱ25ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱLookingȱWestȱmidȬblock ...... 90ȱ Imageȱ26ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱLookingȱNEȱeastȱofȱThirdȱStreet...... 90ȱ Imageȱ27ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱ1931ȱviewȱofȱ#214Ȭ216 ...... 91ȱ Imageȱ28ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱ1957ȱviewȱofȱ#226Ȭ240 ...... 91ȱ Imageȱ29ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱ1960ȱȬȱviewȱofȱ#242Ȭ248 ...... 92ȱ Imageȱ30ȱ 100ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱLookingȱNEȱfromȱSecondȱStreet...... 108ȱ Imageȱ31ȱ 100ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱLookingȱNEȱmidȬblock...... 108ȱ Imageȱ32ȱ 100ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱLookingȱNEȱmidȬblock...... 109ȱ Imageȱ33ȱ 100ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱLookingȱNWȱmidȬblock ...... 109ȱ Imageȱ34ȱ 100ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱLookingȱWestȱfromȱFrontȱStreet...... 110ȱ Imageȱ35ȱ 100ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱ100,ȱ102...... 111ȱ Imageȱ36ȱ 100ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱ104,ȱ108,ȱ110Ȭ12...... 111ȱ Imageȱ37ȱ 100ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱ114,ȱ116Ȭ18,ȱ120,ȱ122...... 112ȱ

ȱ vȱ ȱ Imagesȱ ȱ Imageȱ38ȱ 100ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱ124,ȱ126,ȱ128,ȱ130...... 112ȱ Imageȱ39ȱ 100ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱ134Ȭ36 ...... 113ȱ Imageȱ40ȱ 100ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱLookingȱSEȱfromȱSecondȱStreet ...... 113ȱ Imageȱ41ȱ 100ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱLookingȱSEȱmidȬblock...... 114ȱ Imageȱ42ȱ 100ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱLookingȱWȱfromȱFrontȱStreet...... 114ȱ Imageȱ43ȱ 100ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱLookingȱSWȱfromȱFrontȱStreet...... 115ȱ Imageȱ44ȱ 100ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱLookingȱSWȱmidȬblock ...... 115ȱ Imageȱ45ȱ 100ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱLookingȱSWȱmidȬblock ...... 116ȱ Imageȱ46ȱ 100ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱLookingȱSWȱmidȬblock ...... 116ȱ Imageȱ47ȱ 100ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱ1968ȱviewȱlookingȱSEȱfromȱSecondȱandȱ SpruceȱStreetsȱacrossȱtheȱthenȬemptyȱPennȇsȱLandingȱSquareȱsite...... 117ȱ Imageȱ48ȱ 100ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱ1959ȱviewȱlookingȱSEȱofȱ#124Ȭ130..... 117ȱ Imageȱ49ȱ 600ȱBlockȱPineȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱ607,ȱ609Ȭ11...... 139ȱ Imageȱ50ȱ 600ȱBlockȱPineȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱ613,ȱ615,ȱ617...... 139ȱ Imageȱ51ȱ 600ȱBlockȱPineȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱ619,ȱ621,ȱ623...... 140ȱ Imageȱ52ȱ 600ȱBlockȱPineȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱ625,ȱ627,ȱ629...... 140ȱ Imageȱ53ȱ 600ȱBlockȱPineȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱ631,ȱ633,ȱ635...... 141ȱ Imageȱ54ȱ 600ȱBlockȱPineȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱ637Ȭ41...... 141ȱ Imageȱ55ȱ 600ȱBlockȱPineȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱLookingȱNEȱfromȱSeventhȱStreet...... 142ȱ Imageȱ56ȱ 600ȱBlockȱPineȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱLookingȱWȱfromȱSixthȱStreet...... 142ȱ Imageȱ57ȱ 600ȱBlockȱPineȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱLookingȱNWȱatȱ#609Ȭ11ȱinȱtheȱfront...... 143ȱ Imageȱ58ȱ 600ȱBlockȱPineȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱLookingȱWȱfromȱ#607...... 143ȱ Imageȱ59ȱ 600ȱBlockȱPineȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱ1961ȱviewȱofȱ#609Ȭ615...... 144ȱ Imageȱ60ȱ 600ȱBlockȱPineȱStreetȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱ1963ȱviewȱofȱ#623Ȭ637...... 144ȱ Imageȱ61ȱ 600ȱBlockȱPineȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱ600,ȱ602,ȱ604 ...... 145ȱ Imageȱ62ȱ 600ȱBlockȱPineȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱ606,ȱ608,ȱ610,ȱ612 ...... 145ȱ Imageȱ63ȱ 600ȱBlockȱPineȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱ614,ȱ618,ȱ620 ...... 146ȱ Imageȱ64ȱ 600ȱBlockȱPineȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱ622,ȱ624,ȱ626,ȱ628 ...... 146ȱ Imageȱ65ȱ 600ȱBlockȱPineȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱ630,ȱ632,ȱ634,ȱ636 ...... 147ȱ Imageȱ66ȱ 600ȱBlockȱPineȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱ638,ȱ640,ȱ642,ȱ644 ...... 147ȱ Imageȱ67ȱ 600ȱBlockȱPineȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱLookingȱSWȱwithȱ#608ȱinȱtheȱfront...... 148ȱ Imageȱ68ȱ 600ȱBlockȱPineȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱLookingȱWȱfromȱ#604 ...... 148ȱ Imageȱ69ȱ 600ȱBlockȱPineȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱLookingȱSEȱwithȱ#628ȱinȱtheȱforeground. 149ȱ Imageȱ70ȱ 600ȱBlockȱPineȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱLookingȱWȱfromȱ#642 ...... 149ȱ Imageȱ71ȱ 600ȱBlockȱPineȱStreetȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱ1962ȱviewȱofȱ#632Ȭ640 ...... 150ȱ Imageȱ72ȱ 417ȱPineȱStreetȱȬȱLookingȱNE...... 162ȱ Imageȱ73ȱ 417ȱPineȱStreetȱȬȱDetailȱofȱEntranceȱonȱLawrenceȱStreet ...... 162ȱ

ȱ viȱ ȱ Imagesȱ ȱ Imageȱ74ȱ 419ȱPineȱStreetȱȬȱLookingȱNW...... 163ȱ Imageȱ75ȱ 257Ȭ75ȱSouthȱThirdȱStreetȱȬȱLookingȱNE...... 163ȱ Imageȱ76ȱ 529ȱDelanceyȱStreetȱȬȱLookingȱNE...... 164ȱ Imageȱ77ȱ 406Ȭ12ȱSouthȱSeventhȱStreetȱȬȱLookingȱNW ...... 164ȱ Imageȱ78ȱ 433ȱSpruceȱStreetȱȬȱLookingȱNorth ...... 165ȱ Imageȱ79ȱ 501Ȭ05ȱSpruceȱStreetȱȬȱLookingȱNW ...... 165ȱ Imageȱ80ȱ 525Ȭ33ȱSpruceȱStreetȱȬȱLookingȱNW ...... 166ȱ Imageȱ81ȱ 332ȱDelanceyȱȬȱLookingȱSouth ...... 166ȱ Imageȱ82ȱ 248Ȭ70ȱS.ȱOriannaȱStreetȱȬȱLookingȱNW...... 167ȱ Imageȱ83ȱ 604Ȭ14ȱAddisonȱStreetȱȬȱLookingȱSE...... 167ȱȱ ȱ

ȱ viiȱ ȱ Figuresȱ ȱ Figureȱ1ȱ 200ȱDelanceyȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱPhotomontageȱofȱStreetscape ...... 54ȱ Figureȱ2ȱ 200ȱDelanceyȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱOutlineȱDrawingȱifȱStreetscape...... 54ȱ Figureȱ3ȱ 200ȱDelanceyȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱStreetscapeȱwithȱFoliageȱandȱStreetȱFurniture...... 54ȱ Figureȱ4ȱ 200ȱDelanceyȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱEntranceȱRelationship ...... 68ȱ Figureȱ5ȱ 200ȱDelanceyȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱContinuityȱofȱStreetwall...... 68ȱ Figureȱ6ȱ 200ȱDelanceyȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱVerticalȱRhythm ...... 68ȱ Figureȱ7ȱ 200ȱDelanceyȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱHorizontalȱRhythm...... 68ȱ Figureȱ8ȱ 200ȱDelanceyȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱPhotomontageȱofȱStreetscape ...... 61ȱ Figureȱ9ȱ 200ȱDelanceyȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱOutlineȱDrawingȱifȱStreetscape ...... 61ȱ Figureȱ10ȱ 200ȱDelanceyȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱStreetscapeȱwithȱFoliageȱandȱStreetȱFurniture ...... 61ȱ Figureȱ11ȱ 200ȱDelanceyȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱEntranceȱRelationship...... 67ȱ Figureȱ12ȱ 200ȱDelanceyȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱContinuityȱofȱStreetwall ...... 67ȱ Figureȱ13ȱ 200ȱDelanceyȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱVerticalȱRhythm...... 67ȱ Figureȱ14ȱ 200ȱDelanceyȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱHorizontalȱRhythm ...... 67ȱ Figureȱ15ȱ 100ȱDelanceyȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱPhotomontageȱofȱStreetscape ...... 96ȱ Figureȱ16ȱ 100ȱDelanceyȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱOutlineȱDrawingȱifȱStreetscape ...... 96ȱ Figureȱ17ȱ 100ȱDelanceyȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱStreetscapeȱwithȱFoliageȱandȱStreetȱFurniture ...... 96ȱ Figureȱ18ȱ 100ȱDelanceyȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱEntranceȱRelationship...... 101ȱ Figureȱ19ȱ 100ȱDelanceyȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱContinuityȱofȱStreetwall ...... 101ȱ Figureȱ20ȱ 100ȱDelanceyȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱVerticalȱRhythm...... 101ȱ Figureȱ21ȱ 100ȱDelanceyȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱHorizontalȱRhythm ...... 101ȱ Figureȱ22ȱ 600ȱPineȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱPhotomontageȱofȱStreetscape...... 118ȱ Figureȱ23ȱ 600ȱPineȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱOutlineȱDrawingȱifȱStreetscape ...... 118ȱ Figureȱ24ȱ 600ȱPineȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱStreetscapeȱwithȱFoliageȱandȱStreetȱFurniture ...... 118ȱ Figureȱ25ȱ 600ȱPineȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱEntranceȱRelationship...... 131ȱ Figureȱ26ȱ 600ȱPineȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱContinuityȱofȱStreetwall ...... 131ȱ Figureȱ27ȱ 600ȱPineȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱVerticalȱRhythm...... 131ȱ Figureȱ28ȱ 600ȱPineȱNorthȱSideȱȬȱHorizontalȱRhythm ...... 131ȱ Figureȱ29ȱ 600ȱPineȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱPhotomontageȱofȱStreetscape...... 126ȱ Figureȱ30ȱ 600ȱPineȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱOutlineȱDrawingȱifȱStreetscape...... 126ȱ Figureȱ31ȱ 600ȱPineȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱStreetscapeȱwithȱFoliageȱandȱStreetȱFurniture...... 126ȱ Figureȱ32ȱ 600ȱPineȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱEntranceȱRelationship ...... 130ȱ Figureȱ33ȱ 600ȱPineȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱContinuityȱofȱStreetwall...... 130ȱ Figureȱ34ȱ 600ȱPineȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱVerticalȱRhythm ...... 130ȱ Figureȱ35ȱ 600ȱPineȱSouthȱSideȱȬȱHorizontalȱRhythm...... 130ȱ ȱ

ȱ viiiȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Mapȱ1ȱ ContextȱMap ...... 4ȱ Mapȱ2ȱ WashingtonȱSquareȱEastȱUnitȱ1ȱandȱUnitȱ2ȱBoundaries ...... 18ȱ Mapȱ3ȱ ProposedȱChangesȱtoȱStreetȱGrid ...... 22ȱ Mapȱ4ȱ SocietyȱHillȱAreasȱinȱ1895...... 33ȱ Mapȱ5ȱ RittenhouseȱSquareȱAreaȱinȱ1895...... 34ȱ Mapȱ6ȱ SocietyȱHillȱHistoricȱDistrict...... 49ȱ Mapȱ7ȱ ModernȱBuildingsȱOverviewȱMap ...... 50ȱ Mapȱ8ȱ StudyȱAreaȱOverviewȱMap ...... 53ȱ Mapȱ9ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreet...... 56ȱ Mapȱ10ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱȬȱSanbornȱMap...... 70ȱ Mapȱ11ȱ 100ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreet...... 94ȱ Mapȱ12ȱ 100ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱȬȱSanbornȱMap...... 103ȱ Mapȱ13ȱ 600ȱBlockȱPineȱStreet...... 120ȱ Mapȱ14ȱ 600ȱBlockȱPineȱStreetȱȬȱSanbornȱMap ...... 133ȱ Mapȱ15ȱ OtherȱProperties...... 152ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Tableȱ1ȱ 200ȱBlockȱofȱDelanceyȱStreetȱȬȱOverviewȱofȱConstructionȱDatesȱ ...... 57ȱ Tableȱ2ȱ 100ȱBlockȱofȱDelanceyȱStreetȱȬȱOverviewȱofȱConstructionȱDatesȱ ...... 95ȱ Tableȱ3ȱ 600ȱBlockȱofȱPineȱStreetȱȬȱOverviewȱofȱConstructionȱDatesȱ...... 121ȱ Tableȱ4ȱ OtherȱPropertiesȱȬȱOverviewȱofȱConstructionȱDatesȱ ...... 153ȱ Tableȱ5ȱ DistributionȱofȱBuildingȱTypologiesȱinȱtheȱStudyȱArea ...... 169ȱ ȱ

ȱ ixȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ

ȱ Chapterȱ1ȱ

Theȱrelationshipȱbetweenȱoldȱandȱnewȱarchitectureȱisȱaȱdelicateȱoneȱthatȱ mustȱbeȱexaminedȱcarefullyȱinȱorderȱtoȱmanageȱtheȱcharacterȱofȱaȱneighborhoodȱ whileȱalsoȱallowingȱitȱtoȱgrow.ȱOneȱsuchȱneighborhood,ȱwithȱnumerousȱ approachesȱtoȱthisȱissueȱthatȱrepresentȱtheȱworkȱofȱmanyȱarchitectsȱoverȱseveralȱ decades,ȱisȱSocietyȱHill,ȱinȱPhiladelphia.ȱ

Thisȱcaseȱstudyȱisȱintendedȱtoȱexamineȱtheȱrelationshipȱbetweenȱmodernȱ andȱhistoricȱarchitectureȱinȱaȱhistoricȱneighborhoodȱthatȱhasȱgoneȱthroughȱcyclesȱ ofȱprosperityȱandȱdeclineȱandȱwhichȱisȱnowȱatȱaȱnewȱheightȱinȱitsȱlifeȱcycle.ȱToȱ understandȱtheȱmanagementȱapproachesȱthatȱhaveȱbeenȱutilizedȱinȱthisȱ neighborhoodȱtoȱintroduceȱnewȱarchitectureȱintoȱhistoricȱtraditionsȱandȱ streetscapesȱandȱtoȱdetermineȱtheirȱeffects,ȱwhileȱprovidingȱanȱoutlineȱofȱtheȱ ȱ 1ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ1ȱ ȱ historicȱcontextȱofȱtheȱplace,ȱisȱtheȱmainȱgoalȱofȱthisȱthesis.ȱȱ

Toȱbeginȱthisȱstudy,ȱChapterȱ2ȱpresentsȱaȱbroadȱoverviewȱofȱtheȱhistoryȱofȱ modernȱinfillȱinȱhistoricȱneighborhoods.ȱThisȱtopicȱhasȱbeenȱgreatlyȱdiscussedȱ overȱtheȱpastȱ30ȱyears,ȱbeingȱtheȱfocusȱofȱmanyȱdesignȱconferencesȱandȱjournalȱ articles,ȱwithȱmanyȱarchitects,ȱhistoriansȱandȱcriticsȱanalyzingȱtheȱwaysȱinȱwhichȱ modernȱbuildingsȱareȱandȱoughtȱtoȱbeȱdesignedȱinȱhistoricȱcontexts.ȱThisȱchapterȱ alsoȱcontainsȱanȱoverviewȱofȱtheȱvariousȱrenewalȱplansȱandȱreportsȱaboutȱSocietyȱ

HillȱwrittenȱandȱcommissionedȱbyȱtheȱRedevelopmentȱAuthorityȱofȱPhiladelphia,ȱ which,ȱtoȱaȱlargeȱdegree,ȱoversawȱtheȱareasȱredevelopedȱinȱtheȱ1950sȱandȱ1960s,ȱ includingȱtheȱguidelinesȱtheyȱproducedȱtoȱregulateȱtheȱdesignȱofȱmodernȱinfill.ȱ

Comparableȱmodernȱguidelinesȱareȱalsoȱdiscussedȱalongȱwithȱtheirȱrelationshipȱ toȱtheȱonesȱproducedȱinȱtheȱ1950sȱandȱ1960s.ȱȱ

Withȱtheseȱessaysȱasȱaȱbackground,ȱtheȱfocusȱnarrowsȱinȱChapterȱ3ȱtoȱaȱ broadȱoverviewȱofȱtheȱhistoryȱofȱtheȱchosenȱstudyȱarea:ȱSocietyȱHill,ȱ

Philadelphia,ȱwithȱtheȱintentȱofȱgivingȱaȱcontextȱtoȱtheȱanalysis.ȱTheȱmainȱ concernȱisȱtheȱpatternȱofȱbuildingȱconstruction,ȱwhyȱandȱhowȱitȱoccurred,ȱandȱ

ȱ 2ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ1ȱ ȱ whoȱwasȱinvolved.ȱTheȱfocusȱofȱthisȱoverviewȱhistoryȱisȱaȱsummaryȱofȱtheȱ legislative,ȱpolicy,ȱandȱplanningȱinitiativesȱthatȱenabledȱtheȱneighborhood’sȱ transformation.ȱȱ

AtȱtheȱbeginningȱofȱPhiladelphia’sȱhistory,ȱwhatȱisȱnowȱknownȱasȱSocietyȱ

Hillȱ(Mapȱ1)ȱwasȱtheȱmostȱaffluentȱandȱbustlingȱneighborhoodȱinȱtheȱcity.ȱButȱtheȱ areaȱslowlyȱbutȱsteadilyȱdeterioratedȱthroughoutȱtheȱnineteenthȱcenturyȱdueȱtoȱaȱ rangeȱofȱfactors.ȱȱ

Aȱmajorȱfactorȱthatȱcontributedȱtoȱthisȱdeclineȱwasȱtheȱpresenceȱofȱtheȱ

DockȱStreetȱFoodȱDistributionȱCenter,ȱlocatedȱatȱSecondȱandȱWalnutȱStreetsȱinȱ proximityȱtoȱtheȱDelawareȱRiverȱandȱitsȱdocks.ȱAsȱthisȱDistributionȱCenterȱgrew,ȱ theȱareaȱbecameȱmoreȱindustrialȱandȱlessȱhospitableȱasȱaȱresidentialȱ neighborhood.ȱThis,ȱalongȱwithȱtheȱnewȱavailabilityȱofȱpublicȱtransportation,ȱ motivatedȱmanyȱresidentsȱtoȱmoveȱfartherȱoutȱofȱtheȱcity,ȱcontributingȱtoȱSocietyȱ

HillȱbecomingȱaȱlowȬincomeȱneighborhoodȱofȱtenementȱhousesȱpopulatedȱbyȱ recentȱimmigrantsȱwhoȱcouldȱnotȱaffordȱbetterȱhousing.ȱȱ

Inȱtheȱmiddleȱofȱtheȱ20thȱcentury,ȱthereȱwasȱaȱrekindlingȱofȱinterestȱinȱ ȱ 3ȱ ȱ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŗ Š™ȱŗ ˜—Ž¡ȱŠ™

           &EET o

–™Ž›Ÿ’˜žœȱž›ŠŒŽȱŠ¢Ž›ǰȱ’¢ȱ˜ȱ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’Šǰȱ ›ŽŽ›Ž—ŒŽȱ›˜–ȱŽ——œ¢•ŸŠ—’Šȱ™Š’Š•ȱŠŠȱŒŒŽœœȱǻǼȱ ’‘ȱŠž‘˜›ȂœȱŠ•Ž›Š’˜—œ

Ś Chapterȱ1ȱ ȱ Philadelphia,ȱcoincidingȱwithȱtheȱdevelopmentȱofȱIndependenceȱNationalȱ

HistoricalȱPark.ȱThisȱurbanȱprojectȱbroughtȱattentionȱtoȱtheȱareaȱandȱtheȱdesireȱtoȱ bringȱitȱbackȱtoȱwhatȱitȱhadȱonceȱbeen.ȱOnceȱtheȱcityȱwasȱableȱtoȱmoveȱtheȱDockȱ

StreetȱFoodȱDistributionȱCenterȱtoȱaȱlocationȱinȱSouthȱPhiladelphia,ȱtheȱareaȱ openedȱupȱtoȱredevelopmentȱandȱitȱprogressedȱquickly.ȱTheȱcityȱmadeȱaȱmajorȱ effortȱtoȱrevitalizeȱSocietyȱHillȱbyȱcreatingȱamenitiesȱtoȱattractȱupscaleȱresidents,ȱ suchȱasȱrestorationȱofȱtheȱHeadȱHouseȱarea,ȱintroductionȱofȱnewȱcommercialȱ nodesȱsuchȱasȱ“NewȱMarket”ȱdesignedȱbyȱLouisȱSauerȱonȱFrontȱStreet,ȱandȱ constructionȱofȱtheȱSocietyȱHillȱTowersȱandȱadjacentȱtownȱhousesȱdesignedȱbyȱ

I.M.ȱPeiȱandȱAssociates.ȱ

Duringȱtheȱ1960sȱandȱ1970s,ȱtheȱentireȱareaȱwasȱdocumentedȱthroughȱ photographsȱandȱaȱseriesȱofȱgovernmentȱinitiatives,ȱandȱplansȱwereȱcreatedȱtoȱ aidȱinȱtheȱprocess.ȱ(SeeȱChapterȱ3ȱforȱaȱmoreȱdetailedȱhistory.)ȱAlmostȱallȱofȱtheȱ historicȱhousesȱwereȱrehabilitated,ȱrestored,ȱorȱdemolishedȱtoȱbeȱreplacedȱwithȱ newȱbuildings.ȱItȱisȱthisȱnewȱdevelopmentȱwithinȱtheȱsettingȱofȱolderȱbuildingsȱ thatȱisȱtheȱfocusȱofȱthisȱthesis.ȱ

ȱ 5ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ1ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱanalyzesȱselectedȱexamplesȱofȱthisȱnewȱconstruction.ȱTheȱ analysisȱreliesȱforȱidentificationȱofȱexamplesȱonȱtheȱinventory1ȱcompiledȱinȱ1999ȱ inȱorderȱtoȱlistȱtheȱneighborhoodȱonȱtheȱNationalȱRegisterȱofȱHistoricȱPlacesȱandȱ theȱPhiladelphiaȱRegisterȱofȱHistoricȱPlaces.ȱInȱthisȱthesis,ȱthisȱInventoryȱandȱtheȱ accompanyingȱRegisterȱNominationsȱwereȱusedȱtoȱselectȱspecificȱstreetsȱbyȱfirstȱ codingȱbuildingsȱbasedȱonȱdateȱofȱconstruction.ȱThusȱbuildingsȱconstructedȱafterȱ

1900ȱwereȱmappedȱoutȱonȱSanbornȱmapsȱofȱtheȱareaȱ(seeȱMapȱ7,ȱpageȱ50).ȱFromȱ this,ȱaȱfewȱblocks,ȱtheȱ100ȱandȱ200ȱblocksȱofȱDelanceyȱStreetȱandȱtheȱ600ȱblockȱofȱ

PineȱStreet,ȱstoodȱoutȱasȱhavingȱcloseȱtoȱ50%ȱofȱtheirȱbuildingsȱconstructedȱinȱtheȱ lastȱ100ȱyears.ȱTheseȱblocksȱareȱofȱinterestȱbecauseȱtheyȱdisplayȱtheȱmostȱchangeȱ andȱpossessȱtheȱgreatestȱmixȱofȱarchitectureȱfromȱtheȱlastȱ300ȱyears.ȱȱ

Chapterȱ4ȱincludesȱdescriptionsȱofȱtheseȱbuildings,ȱandȱanȱanalysisȱofȱtheȱ overallȱstreetscapeȱofȱtheȱblock.ȱTheȱrowȱhousesȱcanȱbeȱdividedȱintoȱthreeȱmajorȱ categories:ȱoriginalȱhistoric,ȱrestoredȱhistoric,ȱandȱmodern.ȱOriginalȱhistoricȱareȱ buildingsȱthatȱhaveȱretainedȱtheirȱoriginalȱformȱandȱfeatures.ȱManyȱofȱtheseȱhaveȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 1ȱThisȱdocumentȱcontainsȱdescriptionsȱofȱeveryȱbuildingȱinȱtheȱhistoricȱdistrictȱalongȱwithȱapproximateȱdatesȱ ofȱconstruction.ȱSomeȱofȱtheȱdescriptionsȱincludeȱarchitect,ȱoriginalȱowner,ȱcontractor,ȱdeveloper,ȱandȱ historyȱofȱconstruction.ȱExcerptsȱpertainingȱtoȱtheȱspecificȱstudyȱareaȱcanȱbeȱfoundȱinȱAppendixȱE.ȱ ȱ 6ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ1ȱ ȱ beenȱrestoredȱinȱaȱwayȱthatȱisȱreflectiveȱofȱtheȱtimeȱatȱwhichȱtheyȱwereȱ constructed.ȱRestoredȱhistoricȱrefersȱtoȱbuildingsȱinȱwhich,ȱwhileȱtheȱmajorityȱofȱ theȱbuiltȱformȱisȱoriginal,ȱtheȱfaçadeȱhasȱbeenȱchangedȱorȱthereȱhaveȱbeenȱ additionsȱmadeȱthatȱaffectȱtheȱstreetwall,ȱsuchȱasȱremovalȱofȱaȱshopfront,ȱtheȱ additionȱofȱaȱbayȱwindow,ȱorȱresurfacingȱtheȱfaçadeȱwithȱstucco.ȱManyȱofȱtheseȱ changesȱareȱnowȱconsideredȱhistoricȱinȱtheirȱownȱright,ȱbutȱtheyȱcanȱoftenȱhaveȱ theȱsameȱimpactȱasȱaȱcompletelyȱnewȱbuilding.ȱWhileȱtheseȱtwoȱcategoriesȱareȱ important,ȱtheyȱareȱnotȱtheȱfocusȱofȱthisȱthesis.ȱRatherȱtheyȱareȱtheȱcontextȱandȱ settingȱforȱtheȱmodernȱinfillȱbuildingsȱwhichȱareȱanalyzedȱinȱthisȱthesis.ȱ

Forȱtheȱpurposesȱofȱthisȱthesis,ȱtheseȱmodernȱbuildingsȱhaveȱbeenȱfurtherȱ dividedȱintoȱthreeȱbroadȱcategories:ȱ

Imitator:ȱBuildingsȱthatȱcloselyȱimitateȱhistoricȱbuildings.ȱ

Contextual:ȱBuildingsȱthatȱareȱmodernȱinterpretationsȱofȱhistoricȱtraditionsȱandȱ

features.ȱȱ

Contrastor:ȱBuildingsȱthatȱseemȱtoȱignoreȱtheȱcontextȱcompletely.ȱȱ

ȱ 7ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ1ȱ ȱ Theȱstudyȱareasȱhaveȱbeenȱchosenȱtoȱinsureȱthatȱexamplesȱofȱallȱthreeȱ categoriesȱareȱincluded.ȱHowȱbuildingȱfaçadesȱreflectiveȱofȱtheseȱthreeȱbroadȱ approachesȱinteractȱwithȱeachȱotherȱandȱtheȱstreetȱenvironmentȱisȱtheȱfocus,ȱ alongȱwithȱhowȱtheyȱwereȱaffectedȱbyȱguidelinesȱdevelopedȱbyȱtheȱ

RedevelopmentȱAuthorityȱofȱPhiladelphia.ȱȱ

Thisȱthesisȱisȱintentionallyȱlimitedȱtoȱthatȱwhichȱisȱtypicallyȱcontrolledȱbyȱ theȱusualȱpreservationȱprocesses,ȱmainlyȱprimaryȱfacadesȱandȱoverallȱstreetscapeȱ conditions.ȱElementsȱnotȱincludedȱareȱinteriors,ȱinȱdepthȱanalysisȱofȱplansȱandȱ planȱtypologies,ȱdetailedȱinformationȱaboutȱspecificȱarchitects,ȱandȱotherȱexteriorȱ conditionsȱthatȱdoȱnotȱaffectȱtheȱfrontȱstreetwallȱfaçade.ȱ

ȱ 8ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ

Chapterȱ2ȱ

“Toȱsuccessfullyȱbuildȱtheȱnewȱinȱtheȱcontextȱofȱtheȱold,ȱweȱmustȱ recognizeȱ notȱ onlyȱ theȱ heritageȱ ofȱ theȱ pastȱ butȱ alsoȱ theȱ needȱ forȱ architectureȱtoȱserveȱwellȱinȱtoday’sȱframework.ȱWeȱneedȱnotȱonlyȱtoȱrelateȱ toȱtheȱproportionsȱofȱtheȱoldȱbutȱalsoȱtoȱallowȱforȱtheȱoccasionalȱnecessaryȱ contrast.ȱTheȱ newȱ mustȱ beȱ designedȱtoȱ fitȱintoȱ itsȱ historicȱ neighborhoodȱ andȱ alsoȱ toȱ fitȱ theȱ fabricȱ ofȱ theȱ cityȱ asȱ aȱ whole.ȱ Weȱ mustȱ designȱ theȱ cityscapeȱtoȱenhanceȱtheȱpreservedȱoldȱandȱtheȱproposedȱnew.ȱWeȱmustȱbeȱ imaginativeȱ andȱ creativeȱ withinȱ ourȱownȱ timeȱandȱplace,ȱ solveȱ ourȱ ownȱ needsȱ andȱ leaveȱ behindȱ usȱ aȱ heritageȱ thatȱ inȱ timeȱ willȱbeȱworthyȱ ofȱ ourȱ children’sȱpreservationȱefforts.”ȱ2

Byȱdefinition,ȱinfillȱdoesȱnotȱoccurȱinȱaȱbubble,ȱandȱinȱorderȱtoȱunderstandȱ howȱitȱhasȱevolvedȱtoȱhowȱitȱisȱpracticedȱtoday,ȱaȱbriefȱoverviewȱfollowsȱsoȱasȱtoȱ setȱtheȱcontextȱforȱtheȱideaȱofȱmodernȱbuildingsȱinȱhistoricȱareas.ȱThisȱisȱnotȱ meantȱtoȱbeȱaȱcomprehensiveȱhistoryȱbutȱaȱshortȱsummaryȱtoȱintroduceȱtheȱ readerȱtoȱtheȱideasȱofȱinfillȱandȱitsȱrootsȱinȱtheȱpast.ȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 2ȱConron,ȱJohnȱP.ȱ“AȱThreeȬDimensionalȱApproach.”ȱOldȱandȱNewȱArchitectureȱ(WashingtonȱD.C.:ȱTheȱ PreservationȱPress)ȱ150.ȱ ȱ 9ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ2ȱ ȱ Onlyȱinȱtheȱlastȱ200ȱyearsȱhasȱarchitectureȱevolvedȱsoȱquickly.ȱBeforeȱthisȱ time,ȱdueȱtoȱlimitedȱmethodsȱandȱmaterials,ȱitȱoftenȱtookȱdecadesȱorȱcenturiesȱforȱ architecturalȱstylesȱtoȱdevelop,ȱandȱevenȱasȱtheyȱdid,ȱtheȱmaterial,ȱformsȱandȱ volumesȱremainedȱtheȱsameȱ–ȱwoodȱframeȱorȱbearingȱwallȱmasonry.3ȱWithȱtheȱ adventȱofȱdifferentȱtechnologyȱandȱnewȱmaterials,ȱarchitecturalȱstylesȱhaveȱ evolvedȱmoreȱquickly,ȱandȱtheȱtimeȱtoȱthinkȱonȱbehalfȱofȱtheȱmaturationȱofȱ designsȱandȱstyleȱhasȱdecreased.4ȱBecauseȱofȱthisȱquickerȱturnȬaroundȱtimeȱofȱ architecture,ȱitȱisȱevenȱmoreȱimportantȱtoȱconsiderȱtheȱrelationshipȱbetweenȱoldȱ structuresȱandȱnewȱones.ȱWithoutȱknowingȱwhereȱdesignȱstandsȱnow,ȱitȱisȱ impossibleȱtoȱcontrolȱwhereȱitȱisȱgoingȱunlessȱtheȱenvironmentȱinȱwhichȱitȱexistsȱ isȱthoroughlyȱstudied.5

PreservationȱandȱPlaceȬmakingȱ

Manyȱhistoricȱneighborhoodsȱderiveȱtheirȱinterestȱandȱvibrancyȱfromȱaȱ mixtureȱofȱarchitecturalȱstyles.ȱInȱsuchȱneighborhoods,ȱtheȱintersectionȱofȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 3ȱCavaglieri,ȱGiorgio,ȱ“TheȱHarmonyȱThatȱCan’tȱBeȱDictated”ȱOldȱandȱNewȱArchitectureȱ(WashingtonȱD.C.:ȱ TheȱPreservationȱPress)ȱ38.ȱ 4ȱOverby,ȱOsmund,ȱ“OldȱandȱNewȱArchitecture:ȱAȱHistory,”ȱOldȱandȱNewȱArchitectureȱ(WashingtonȱD.C.:ȱ TheȱPreservationȱPress)ȱ12.ȱ 5ȱTinti,ȱWilliamȱJ.ȱ“DesignȱReviewȱfromȱaȱLegalȱPointȱofȱView.”ȱOldȱandȱNewȱArchitectureȱ(WashingtonȱD.C.:ȱ TheȱPreservationȱPress)ȱ182.ȱ ȱ 10ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ2ȱ ȱ differentȱerasȱofȱhistoryȱinȱcloseȱproximity,ȱgivesȱdepthȱandȱmeaningȱthatȱcanȱ turnȱaȱspaceȱintoȱaȱplace,ȱwhichȱisȱwhatȱgivesȱtheȱneighborhoodȱitsȱvalue.ȱ

Meaningȱisȱalsoȱcreatedȱbyȱtheȱmemoriesȱassociatedȱwithȱaȱplaceȱthatȱcanȱonlyȱ occurȱwhenȱitȱhasȱaȱhistory,ȱbothȱtangibleȱandȱintangible.ȱTheseȱmemoriesȱcreateȱ anȱattachmentȱthatȱmakesȱitȱdifficultȱforȱlargeȱamountsȱofȱchangeȱtoȱoccurȱquicklyȱ becauseȱpeopleȱlikeȱtoȱrememberȱhowȱaȱplaceȱisȱandȱwantȱitȱtoȱstayȱthatȱway.ȱ

Managingȱchangeȱwithinȱaȱhistoricȱneighborhoodȱmustȱbeȱdoneȱinȱaȱwayȱthatȱisȱ consciousȱofȱtheȱexistingȱsenseȱofȱplace;ȱbecauseȱeachȱneighborhoodȱisȱunique,ȱ andȱthereȱisȱnoȱuniversalȱformulaȱthatȱcanȱbeȱappliedȱtoȱeveryȱcase.ȱ6ȱȱ

Toȱbeȱableȱtoȱsuccessfullyȱdesignȱaȱstructureȱthatȱisȱsympatheticȱtoȱwhatȱ existsȱwhileȱalsoȱhavingȱitsȱownȱidentityȱisȱoneȱofȱtheȱmostȱcomplexȱarchitecturalȱ problemsȱfacedȱbyȱtheȱprofession7ȱandȱmustȱbeȱdoneȱwithȱtheȱutmostȱcare.ȱ

Becauseȱnewȱurbanȱarchitectureȱhasȱalmostȱalwaysȱbeenȱbuiltȱinȱtheȱcontextȱofȱ oldȱbuildings,ȱthereȱisȱplentyȱofȱmaterialȱavailableȱtoȱshowcaseȱhowȱarchitectsȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 6ȱBrowne,ȱKenneth.ȱ“Infillȱinȱhistoricȱtowns.”ȱArchitecturalȱReview.ȱ960ȱ(1977):ȱ[103]Ȭ118.ȱ 7ȱStevens,ȱJocelyn.ȱ“NewȱBuildingsȱinȱHistoricȱContexts.”ȱRIBAȱJournal.ȱ100ȱ(1993):24.ȱ ȱ 11ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ2ȱ ȱ haveȱrespondedȱtoȱtheȱexistingȱfabric.8ȱ“…Aȱkeyȱissueȱisȱhowȱtoȱrespondȱtoȱtheȱ pastȱwithoutȱvitiatingȱtheȱauthenticityȱofȱcurrentȱarchitecture,ȱhowȱtoȱmakeȱaȱ newȱarchitectureȱoutȱofȱtheȱpastȱwhichȱprogressesȱinȱaȱcreativeȱwayȱ(Richardȱ

McCormac).”9ȱȱ

Newȱinfillȱbuildingsȱshouldȱbeȱsympatheticȱtoȱtheȱexistingȱfabric.ȱThisȱcanȱ beȱdoneȱinȱaȱcoupleȱofȱdifferentȱways.ȱTheȱfirstȱisȱtoȱrecreateȱwhatȱwasȱpreviouslyȱ thereȱorȱimitateȱtheȱsurroundingȱfabric.ȱTheȱsecondȱisȱtoȱdesignȱinȱaȱwayȱthatȱisȱ differentȱenoughȱsoȱasȱtoȱnotȱbeȱmistakenȱforȱoriginalȱwhileȱatȱtheȱsameȱtimeȱdoesȱ notȱstickȱoutȱlikeȱaȱsoreȱthumb.10ȱThereȱisȱaȱ“rationaleȱinȱselectingȱanȱarchitecturalȱ vocabularyȱtoȱcreateȱaȱsenseȱofȱplaceȱthatȱrespondsȱtoȱgeographicȱsettingsȱandȱ communityȱvalues.”11ȱWellȱdoneȱinfillȱshouldȱrespondȱtoȱitsȱsurroundingsȱwhileȱ atȱtheȱsameȱtimeȱblendingȱinȱwithȱtheȱoverallȱschemeȱandȱatmosphere.ȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 8Osmund,ȱOverby,ȱ“OldȱandȱNewȱArchitecture:ȱAȱHistory.”ȱOldȱ&ȱNewȱArchitectureȱ(WashingtonȱD.C.:ȱTheȱ PreservationȱPress)ȱ18.ȱ 9ȱIbid,ȱ32.ȱ 10Young,ȱDwight.ȱ“SolvingȱtheȱInfillȱDilemma”ȱHistoricȱPreservation.ȱ40ȱ(1988):ȱ12.ȱ 11ȱSauer,ȱLouisȱA.ȱ“ReinforcingȱaȱSenseȱofȱPlace.”ȱOldȱandȱNewȱArchitectureȱ(WashingtonȱD.C.:ȱTheȱ PreservationȱPress)ȱ135.ȱ ȱ 12ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ2ȱ ȱ AddressingȱModernȱInfillȱinȱHistoricȱNeighborhoodsȱ

Sinceȱtheȱlateȱ1970s,ȱthereȱhaveȱbeenȱaȱnumberȱofȱconferencesȱheldȱandȱ articlesȱwrittenȱaddressingȱtheȱideaȱofȱmodernȱinfill.ȱTheyȱallȱcomeȱupȱwithȱ similarȱbroadȱconclusionsȱ–ȱinȱorderȱtoȱbuildȱsuccessfulȱnewȱarchitectureȱinȱaȱ historicȱcontext,ȱyouȱmustȱconsiderȱtheȱhistoryȱandȱtraditionsȱofȱtheȱplace,ȱandȱ theȱvisualȱandȱsocialȱimpactȱofȱtheȱnewȱdesigns,ȱcreatingȱnewȱarchitectureȱthatȱ respondsȱtoȱtheseȱinherentȱfeatures,ȱwhileȱalsoȱcontributingȱtoȱthemȱandȱtheȱfieldȱ ofȱarchitecture.12

OneȱofȱtheȱfirstȱlargeȬscaleȱconferencesȱtoȱbeȱheldȱonȱthisȱissueȱwasȱinȱ

Decemberȱofȱ1977ȱinȱWashington,ȱDC.ȱItȱwasȱorganizedȱbyȱtheȱNationalȱTrustȱforȱ

HistoricȱPreservationȱandȱentitled,ȱ“OldȱandȱNewȱArchitecture:ȱDesignȱ

Relationship.”ȱThisȱconferenceȱhadȱfourȱmainȱgoals,ȱwhichȱwereȱ“Toȱprovideȱaȱ forumȱforȱdiscussionȱofȱoldȱandȱnewȱarchitectureȱinȱtheȱUnitedȱStates;ȱtoȱ encourageȱaȱdialogueȱonȱtheȱtheoreticalȱandȱpracticalȱaspectsȱofȱdesigningȱ buildingsȱinȱexistingȱsettings;ȱtoȱgainȱaȱgreaterȱunderstandingȱofȱdesignȱ methodologyȱforȱrelatingȱnewȱtoȱold;ȱandȱtoȱproduceȱaȱpublicationȱthatȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 12ȱStevens,ȱ27.ȱ ȱ 13ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ2ȱ ȱ contributesȱtoȱtheȱlimitedȱliteratureȱonȱtheȱsubject.”13ȱThisȱconference,ȱinȱfact,ȱdidȱ produceȱaȱbookȱofȱtheȱsameȱtitleȱthatȱisȱaȱfirstȱmajorȱessayȱofȱitsȱkind.ȱItȱprovidedȱ aȱfoundationȱforȱtheȱthoughtȱsurroundingȱthisȱissueȱandȱopenedȱaȱdialogueȱthatȱ continuesȱtoȱexpand.ȱȱ

TheȱNationalȱTrustȱdidȱnotȱaddressȱthisȱissueȱagainȱatȱsuchȱaȱlevelȱuntilȱ anotherȱconferenceȱoverȱaȱdecadeȱlaterȱinȱ1988ȱinȱPhiladelphia,ȱwhichȱtookȱonȱtheȱ topicȱofȱnewȱbuildingsȱforȱhistoricȱneighborhoodsȱandȱwhichȱwasȱfollowedȱbyȱaȱ studentȱdesignȱcompetitionȱinȱ1989ȱofȱproposalsȱforȱinfillȱsolutions.14

EnglishȱHeritage,ȱtheȱUnitedȱKingdom’sȱequivalentȱofȱtheȱNationalȱTrust,ȱ followedȱwithȱaȱseminarȱonȱDecemberȱ2,ȱ1992ȱatȱtheȱRoyalȱInstituteȱforȱBritishȱ

Architectsȱ(RIBA)ȱentitledȱ“ArchitectureȱandȱtheȱCity:ȱNewȱBuildingsȱinȱHistoricȱ

Contexts.”ȱTheȱintroductionȱgivenȱbyȱJocelynȱStevens,ȱthenȱChairmanȱofȱEnglishȱ

Heritage,ȱeditedȱversionsȱofȱtheȱsixȱkeyȱpapers,ȱandȱtheȱdiscussionȱthatȱfollowedȱ theȱlecturesȱwereȱincludedȱinȱtheȱFebruaryȱ1993ȱeditionȱofȱtheȱRIBAȱJournal,ȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 13ȱBiddle,ȱJames.ȱ“Preface.”ȱOldȱandȱNewȱArchitectureȱ(WashingtonȱD.C.:ȱTheȱPreservationȱPress)ȱ9.ȱ 14ȱYoung,ȱ12.ȱ ȱ 14ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ2ȱ ȱ givingȱtheȱBritishȱperspectiveȱonȱtheȱissue.15ȱȱ

Thereȱalsoȱexistsȱaȱscatteringȱofȱarticlesȱwrittenȱoverȱtheȱlastȱfortyȱyearsȱ thatȱaddressȱspecificȱissuesȱandȱcaseȱstudies,ȱshowingȱexamplesȱofȱhowȱtheȱideasȱ putȱforthȱinȱsuchȱconferencesȱareȱbeingȱimplementedȱorȱhowȱtheyȱcouldȱbeȱ carriedȱoutȱbetter.ȱOneȱofȱtheȱmoreȱrecentȱarticlesȱisȱbyȱDianeȱR.ȱSuchmanȱandȱ

LauraȱColeȱtitledȱ“InfillȱHousing,”ȱpublishedȱinȱ2001.ȱTheirȱideasȱgoȱwellȱbeyondȱ physicalȱdesign,ȱaddressingȱtheȱimportanceȱofȱtheȱsocialȱandȱeconomicȱconditionsȱ ofȱtheȱneighborhood,ȱcommunityȱamenities,ȱpublicȱservices,ȱandȱtheȱ neighborhood’sȱimage.16ȱTheirȱarticleȱalsoȱaddressesȱtheȱinfluenceȱofȱpoliticalȱ will,ȱvision,ȱandȱpolicyȱonȱinfillȱdevelopmentȱandȱtheȱimportantȱroleȱthatȱitȱplaysȱ inȱanyȱchangeȱtoȱhistoricȱfabric.17ȱAllȱofȱtheseȱfactorsȱareȱimportantȱtoȱconsiderȱ whenȱthinkingȱaboutȱaddingȱtoȱexistingȱfabric.ȱ

RegulationsȱinȱSocietyȱHillȱDuringȱtheȱRedevelopmentȱ

ForȱtheȱmodernȱredevelopmentȱofȱSocietyȱHill,ȱwhichȱisȱtheȱsubjectȱofȱthisȱ thesis,ȱthereȱareȱaȱseriesȱofȱkeyȱdocumentsȱproducedȱduringȱandȱafterȱtheȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 15ȱStevens,ȱ24.ȱȱ 16ȱSuchman,ȱDianeȱR.ȱandȱLauraȱCole.ȱ“InfillȱHousing.”ȱUrbanȱLand.ȱ22ȱ 17ȱibid,ȱ23ȱ ȱ 15ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ2ȱ ȱ redevelopment.ȱTheȱtwoȱmainȱdocumentsȱthatȱwereȱtheȱoverallȱguidelinesȱforȱtheȱ redevelopmentȱareȱtheȱurbanȱrenewalȱplansȱforȱWashingtonȱSquareȱEastȱUnitȱ1,ȱ publishedȱinȱ1958,18ȱȱandȱWashingtonȱSquareȱEastȱUnitȱ2,ȱpublishedȱinȱ1960.19ȱ

Alongȱwithȱtheseȱplansȱareȱtwoȱtechnicalȱreportsȱpreparedȱforȱtheȱ

RedevelopmentȱAuthorityȱthatȱareȱalsoȱimportantȱdocumentsȱbecauseȱtheyȱaidȱinȱ understandingȱwhatȱwasȱgoingȱonȱatȱtheȱtime.ȱTheȱfirstȱisȱtheȱWashingtonȱSquareȱ

EastȱUrbanȱRenewalȱAreaȱTechnicalȱReportȱpublishedȱinȱ195920ȱandȱtheȱsecondȱisȱAȱ

TechnicalȱReportȱonȱNeighborhoodȱConservation21ȱpublishedȱinȱ1964.ȱTheȱlastȱ redevelopmentȱeraȱdocumentȱisȱtheȱWashingtonȱSquareȱRedevelopmentȱAreaȱPlan22ȱ producedȱbyȱtheȱPhiladelphiaȱCityȱPlanningȱCommissionȱinȱ1957.ȱ

Becauseȱtheȱfocusȱofȱthisȱthesisȱisȱonȱresidentialȱneighborhoodsȱwithȱaȱ generalȱmaximumȱheightȱofȱthreeȱtoȱthreeȱandȱoneȬhalfȱstories,ȱtheȱdescriptionȱofȱ theseȱplansȱwillȱfocusȱonȱtheȱsectionsȱofȱtheseȱdocumentsȱrelatedȱprimarilyȱtoȱthisȱ use.ȱNoteȱthatȱtheseȱplansȱalsoȱaddressȱmultiȬfamilyȱmidȬȱandȱhighȬriseȱalongȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 18ȱRedevelopmentȱAuthorityȱofȱPhiladelphia.ȱWashingtonȱSquareȱEastȱUnitȱNo.1ȱUrbanȱRenewalȱArea.ȱ1958.ȱ 19ȱRedevelopmentȱAuthorityȱofȱPhiladelphia.ȱWashingtonȱSquareȱEastȱUnitȱNo.2ȱUrbanȱRenewalȱArea.ȱ1960.ȱ 20ȱWright,ȱAndradeȱ&ȱAmentaȱArchitects.ȱWashingtonȱSquareȱEastȱUrbanȱRenewalȱAreaȱTechnicalȱReportȱ Mayȱ1959.ȱRedevelopmentȱAuthorityȱofȱPhiladelphia,ȱ1959.ȱ 21ȱAlbertȱM.ȱGreenfieldȱ&ȱCo.,ȱInc.ȱAȱTechnicalȱReportȱonȱNeighborhoodȱConservation.ȱTheȱRedevelopmentȱ AuthorityȱofȱPhiladelphia,ȱ1964.ȱ 22ȱPhiladelphiaȱCityȱPlanningȱCommission.ȱWashingtonȱSquareȱRedevelopmentȱAreaȱPlan,ȱ1957ȱ ȱ 16ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ2ȱ ȱ withȱcommercialȱusesȱinȱgreatȱdepthȱbutȱthoseȱsectionsȱwillȱnotȱbeȱincludedȱinȱ theȱfollowingȱsynopses.ȱ

WashingtonȱSquareȱEastȱUrbanȱRenewalȱPlansȱUnitȱ1ȱandȱUnitȱ2ȱ

Theȱframeworkȱofȱtheȱrenewalȱofȱthisȱareaȱisȱinȱtheseȱtwoȱplans.ȱExcerptsȱ fromȱthemȱcanȱbeȱfoundȱinȱAppendixȱAȱandȱB.ȱMapȱ2ȱshowsȱtheȱUnitȱboundariesȱ ofȱeachȱofȱtheseȱplans.ȱBothȱplansȱareȱsimilarȱandȱbeginȱwithȱaȱdescriptionȱofȱtheȱ areaȱcoveredȱbyȱtheȱplanȱwithȱreferenceȱmapsȱthatȱoutlineȱtheȱboundariesȱofȱtheȱ unit,ȱanȱacquisitionȱplan,ȱclearanceȱandȱrehabilitationȱplan,ȱandȱaȱproposedȱlandȱ useȱplan.ȱTheȱregulationsȱforȱspecificȱusesȱofȱtheȱlandȱ–ȱresidential,ȱcommercial,ȱ mixedȬuse,ȱetc.ȱ–ȱmakeȱupȱtheȱnextȱsection,ȱincludingȱguidelinesȱforȱ rehabilitation.ȱTheȱthirdȱsectionȱofȱeachȱplanȱaddressesȱlandȱacquisitionȱforȱ developmentȱandȱtheȱconditionsȱandȱregulationsȱgoverningȱnewȱconstructionȱ andȱdemolitionȱofȱexistingȱfabric.ȱTheȱlastȱtwoȱsectionsȱoutlineȱallȱofȱtheȱ miscellaneousȱprovisionsȱandȱprovideȱtheȱrulesȱforȱchangingȱtheȱplan.ȱȱ

Inȱtermsȱofȱbuildingȱdesign,ȱheightȱisȱrestrictedȱinȱUnitȱ1ȱtoȱlessȱthanȱthreeȱ storiesȱinȱallȱareasȱdesignatedȱMixedȱResidentialȱDistricts.ȱBothȱunitsȱstipulateȱ

ȱ 17ȱ ȱ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŘ Š™ȱŘ Šœ‘’—˜—ȱšžŠ›ŽȱŠœȱȬȱ—’ȱŗȱǭȱ—’ȱŘȱ˜ž—Š›’Žœ

˜Œ’Ž¢ȱ ’••ǰȱ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’ŠDZȱȱŽ™˜›ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ›ŽœŽ—Š’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ–’—Š›ȱ˜—ȱŠœŽȱž’Žœȱ’—ȱ›‹Š—ȱŽœ’—ǯȱ ȱŝŗŜǰȱ‘Žȱ›‹Š—ȱŽœ’—ȱ›˜›Š–ȱ ›ŠžŠŽȱŒ‘˜˜•ȱ˜ȱ’—Žȱ›œǰȱ—’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ˜ȱŽ——œ¢•ŸŠ—’ŠǰȱŗşŝŞǰȱęǯŗŘǯ

ŗŞ Chapterȱ2ȱ ȱ thatȱwhereȱlessȱthanȱfourȱnewȱresidentialȱstructuresȱareȱtoȱbeȱbuiltȱinȱaȱrow,ȱthatȱ theȱheightȱofȱtheseȱbuildingsȱshouldȱbeȱtheȱsameȱasȱeitherȱofȱtheȱadjacentȱ structures.ȱTheyȱincludeȱguidelinesȱforȱprojectingȱbuildingȱelements,ȱsuchȱasȱfireȱ escapes,ȱwhichȱareȱnotȱpermittedȱonȱtheȱfrontȱfacadesȱofȱbuildings,ȱtelevisionȱ aerials,ȱequipmentȱsuchȱasȱairȱconditioners,ȱandȱprojectingȱroofȱelements.ȱTheyȱ alsoȱaddressȱcommonȱstreetscapeȱelements:ȱsidewalksȱareȱallȱtoȱbeȱpavedȱinȱ brick,ȱBelgianȱblocks,ȱorȱsimilarȱpavingȱmaterial,ȱandȱallȱyardȱandȱgardenȱwallsȱ areȱtoȱbeȱenclosedȱwithȱmasonryȱsimilarȱtoȱbuildingȱfacadesȱorȱdurableȱmetalȱ fencesȱthatȱareȱapprovedȱbyȱtheȱRedevelopmentȱAuthority.ȱȱ

Bothȱofȱtheseȱdocumentsȱincludeȱguidelinesȱforȱrehabilitationȱstandards.ȱ

Theȱmethodȱforȱacquisitionȱofȱbuildingsȱisȱoutlinedȱalongȱwithȱspecificȱstandardsȱ pertainingȱtoȱqualityȱofȱconstruction,ȱrainwaterȱmanagementȱandȱbasementȱ conditions.ȱȱInȱtheȱUnitȱ2ȱplan,ȱthereȱisȱaȱspecificȱreferenceȱtoȱrestorationȱofȱ historicallyȱcertifiedȱstructures,ȱstatingȱthatȱspecificȱrequirementsȱwillȱbeȱmadeȱatȱ theȱtimeȱofȱacquisitionȱbasedȱonȱtheirȱhistoricȱandȱarchitecturalȱvalue.ȱThereȱareȱ sectionsȱinȱeachȱthatȱmentionȱspecificȱpropertiesȱandȱareas,ȱmuchȱofȱwhichȱwasȱ addedȱinȱlaterȱamendmentsȱtoȱtheȱplans.ȱȱ

ȱ 19ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ2ȱ ȱ TheȱUnitȱ1ȱplanȱwasȱratifiedȱinȱJuneȱofȱ1958ȱandȱisȱvalidȱforȱfiftyȱyears,ȱ untilȱ2008.ȱItȱhasȱbeenȱamendedȱfiveȱtimesȱwithȱaȱnumberȱofȱmodificationsȱinȱ eachȱamendment.ȱTheȱUnitȱ2ȱplanȱhasȱhadȱsixȱamendmentsȱwithȱmodifications.ȱItȱ wasȱratifiedȱinȱ1960ȱandȱwasȱonlyȱvalidȱforȱtwentyȬfiveȱyears.ȱȱ

Thereȱareȱmoreȱguidelinesȱthatȱgovernȱtheȱinteriorsȱofȱtheȱbuildingsȱthanȱ theȱexteriorsȱinȱtheseȱplans,ȱbutȱbecauseȱonlyȱtheȱexteriorsȱofȱtheȱbuildingȱareȱ investigatedȱinȱthisȱthesis,ȱtheȱexplanationȱisȱlimitedȱtoȱthoseȱsectionsȱpertainingȱ toȱbuildingȱfacadesȱandȱconditions.ȱȱ

TechnicalȱReportsȱ

Theȱtwoȱtechnicalȱreportsȱcontainȱmoreȱspecificȱguidelinesȱforȱdesignȱthanȱ theȱurbanȱrenewalȱplans.ȱBothȱofȱtheseȱplansȱwereȱpreparedȱforȱtheȱ

RedevelopmentȱAuthority.ȱȱ

Theȱfirst,ȱWashingtonȱSquareȱEastȱUrbanȱRenewalȱAreaȱTechnicalȱReportȱMayȱ

1959,ȱpreparedȱbyȱWright,ȱAndradeȱandȱAmentaȱArchitectsȱinȱ1959,ȱisȱtheȱreportȱ createdȱfromȱtheȱcataloguingȱandȱsurveyingȱofȱbothȱUnitsȱ1ȱandȱ2.ȱItȱisȱanȱ expansionȱofȱtheȱguidelinesȱsetȱforthȱinȱtheȱRenewalȱPlans,ȱgoingȱintoȱmoreȱ

ȱ 20ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ2ȱ ȱ specificȱdetail.ȱThereȱareȱsectionsȱoutliningȱrehabilitationȱandȱreuseȱguidelines,ȱ withȱaȱgreaterȱemphasisȱonȱconservingȱandȱretainingȱasȱmuchȱofȱtheȱhistoricȱ fabricȱasȱpossible.ȱAȱblockȱbyȱblockȱassessmentȱofȱtheȱareaȱisȱincludedȱinȱthisȱ report,ȱindicatingȱtheȱconditionsȱofȱtheȱbuildingsȱandȱwhatȱisȱtoȱbeȱretained,ȱandȱ whatȱisȱtoȱbeȱdemolishedȱorȱreplaced.ȱAppendixȱCȱgivesȱaȱcomparisonȱinȱtheȱ studyȱareaȱofȱwhatȱwasȱoriginallyȱplannedȱforȱtheȱreuseȱofȱtheȱbuildingȱandȱwhatȱ wasȱactuallyȱdone.ȱItȱshowsȱhowȱplansȱevolveȱoverȱtime,ȱandȱtheȱresultȱisȱthatȱ moreȱhistoricȱbuildingsȱwereȱretainedȱthanȱoriginallyȱplanned.ȱ

Theȱmostȱimportantȱelementsȱofȱthisȱreportȱareȱtheȱmapȱoutliningȱtheȱ proposedȱadjustmentsȱtoȱtheȱstreetȱlayoutȱ(Mapȱ3)ȱandȱanȱappendix,ȱwhichȱlistsȱ allȱofȱtheȱstructuresȱunderȱtheȱjurisdictionȱofȱtheȱrenewalȱplans,ȱifȱtheyȱwereȱ acquired,ȱtheirȱhistoricȱcertificationȱstatus,ȱinformationȱonȱdateȱofȱconstruction,ȱ andȱtheirȱproposedȱreȬuse.ȱThisȱdocumentȱisȱusefulȱbecauseȱitȱisȱaȱproposalȱthatȱ canȱbeȱcomparedȱtoȱwhatȱwasȱactuallyȱdoneȱandȱshowsȱtheȱchangesȱinȱtheȱplanȱ fromȱinitialȱinceptionȱtoȱfinalȱimplementation.ȱTheȱmainȱdifferenceȱisȱtheȱ proposedȱplacementȱofȱIȬ95.ȱWhenȱtheȱreportȱwasȱwritten,ȱmanyȱofȱtheȱbuildingsȱ alongȱFrontȱStreetȱandȱhalfwayȱtoȱSecondȱStreetȱwereȱgoingȱtoȱbeȱdemolishedȱ

ȱ 21ȱ ȱ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŘ Š™ȱř ›˜™˜œŽȱ‘Š—Žȱ˜ȱ›ŽŽȱ ›’

˜Œ’Ž¢ȱ ’••ǰȱ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’ŠDZȱȱŽ™˜›ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ›ŽœŽ—Š’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ–’—Š›ȱ˜—ȱŠœŽȱž’Žœȱ’—ȱ›‹Š—ȱŽœ’—ǯȱ ȱŝŗŜǰȱ‘Žȱ›‹Š—ȱŽœ’—ȱ›˜›Š–ȱ ›ŠžŠŽȱŒ‘˜˜•ȱ˜ȱ’—Žȱ›œǰȱ—’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ˜ȱŽ——œ¢•ŸŠ—’ŠǰȱŗşŝŞǰȱęǯŗŘǯ

ŘŘ Chapterȱ2ȱ ȱ andȱreplacedȱwithȱtheȱhighway,ȱmovingȱFrontȱStreetȱaȱhalfȱofȱaȱblockȱtoȱtheȱwest.ȱ

Thisȱplanȱwasȱchangedȱandȱmanyȱofȱtheȱbuildingsȱwereȱsaved.ȱ

Theȱsecondȱtechnicalȱreport,ȱAȱTechnicalȱReportȱonȱNeighborhoodȱ

Conservation,ȱwasȱpreparedȱbyȱAlbertȱM.ȱGreenfieldȱ&ȱCo.,ȱInc.ȱandȱTheȱInstituteȱ forȱArchitecturalȱResearchȱofȱtheȱUniversityȱofȱPennsylvania.ȱItȱbeginsȱwithȱ addressingȱtheȱissuesȱofȱtheȱvariousȱrealȱestateȱmarketsȱinȱtheȱ1950sȱandȱ1960sȱ andȱtheȱsourcesȱofȱfundingȱforȱrehabilitationȱandȱnewȱconstruction.ȱTheȱchapterȱ onȱarchitecturalȱproblemsȱisȱofȱtheȱmostȱpertinenceȱtoȱthisȱthesis.23ȱItȱaddressesȱ theȱsimilarȱissuesȱrelatedȱtoȱinfillȱhousingȱthatȱhaveȱalreadyȱbeenȱmentioned,ȱandȱ alsoȱoutlinesȱtheȱspecificȱarchitecturalȱcharacteristicsȱofȱSocietyȱHillȱthatȱareȱ describedȱinȱgreaterȱdetailȱinȱChapterȱFourȱofȱthisȱthesis.ȱAȱlargeȱportionȱofȱthisȱ reportȱpresentsȱdesignȱsolutionsȱtoȱvariousȱsiteȱconditions,ȱusingȱspecificȱlotsȱinȱ

WashingtonȱSquareȱEastȱasȱexamples.ȱThisȱportionȱwasȱpreparedȱunderȱtheȱ directionȱofȱC.ȱPrestonȱAndrade,ȱJr.ȱofȱWright,ȱAndradeȱandȱAmentaȱArchitects,ȱ theȱfirmȱthatȱpreparedȱtheȱpreviousȱreport.ȱHeȱwasȱtheȱthenȱdirectorȱofȱtheȱ

InstituteȱforȱArchitecturalȱResearchȱofȱtheȱUniversityȱofȱPennsylvania,ȱtheȱcoȬ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 23ȱIbid,ȱChapterȱFour,ȱppȱ54Ȭ68.ȱ ȱ 23ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ2ȱ ȱ writerȱofȱtheȱreport.ȱ

WashingtonȱSquareȱRedevelopmentȱAreaȱPlanȱ

Thisȱplanȱwasȱpreparedȱinȱ1957ȱbyȱtheȱPhiladelphiaȱCityȱPlanningȱ

Commission.24ȱItȱoutlinesȱtheȱexistingȱandȱproposedȱlandȱuses,ȱzoningȱchanges,ȱ plansȱforȱgreenwaysȱandȱparks,ȱandȱproposedȱchangesȱtoȱtheȱstreetȱlayout.ȱThisȱ documentȱprovidesȱaȱgoodȱoverviewȱofȱtheȱareaȱandȱtheȱinitialȱplansȱofȱtheȱcityȱ concerningȱWashingtonȱSquareȱEast.ȱItȱdoesȱnotȱgoȱintoȱgreatȱdepthȱbutȱdoesȱ provideȱusefulȱinformationȱaboutȱoverallȱplanningȱissuesȱrelatingȱtoȱtheȱentireȱ area.ȱFromȱaȱcomparisonȱofȱtheȱproposedȱzoningȱchangesȱandȱtheȱcurrentȱzoningȱ ofȱtheȱarea,ȱitȱisȱapparentȱthatȱmanyȱofȱtheȱchangesȱwereȱmadeȱthatȱwereȱ suggestedȱinȱthisȱplan.ȱȱ

Fromȱaȱregulatoryȱstandpoint,ȱthisȱdocumentȱwasȱaȱbroaderȱapproachȱthatȱ addressedȱmanagingȱtheȱoverallȱcharacterȱofȱtheȱareaȱthroughȱregulationsȱinȱlandȱ use.ȱItȱwasȱaȱmoreȱholisticȱapproachȱtoȱregulationȱthatȱlaidȱtheȱfoundationȱforȱtheȱ later,ȱmoreȱspecificȱplansȱmentionedȱabove,ȱenablingȱthemȱtoȱaddressȱtheȱissuesȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 24ȱPhiladelphiaȱCityȱPlanningȱCommission,ȱWashingtonȱSquareȱRedevelopmentȱAreaȱPlan.ȱJuneȱ11,ȱ1957.ȱ ȱ 24ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ2ȱ ȱ ofȱarchitecturalȱdesignȱandȱtheȱspecificȱguidelinesȱtoȱcreateȱaȱvibrantȱandȱ revitalizedȱneighborhood.ȱ

CurrentȱTrendsȱ

Historicȱdistrictȱguidelinesȱareȱaȱrelativelyȱnewȱphenomena.ȱTheyȱonlyȱ cameȱaboutȱafterȱotherȱregulationsȱinȱtheȱformȱofȱurbanȱrenewalȱplansȱsetȱtheȱ standardȱforȱthem.ȱȱ

ManyȱHistoricȱDistrictsȱallȱoverȱtheȱcountryȱ(althoughȱbyȱnoȱmeansȱall)ȱ haveȱdevelopedȱguidelinesȱtoȱaidȱresidentsȱandȱdevelopersȱinȱtheȱcare,ȱ restoration,ȱandȱrehabilitationȱofȱtheseȱdistricts.ȱInȱorderȱtoȱgetȱaȱsenseȱofȱwhatȱ theseȱguidelinesȱcontain,ȱaȱrandomȱsamplingȱwasȱtakenȱfromȱthoseȱincludedȱinȱ anȱelectronicȱformatȱonȱtheȱwebsiteȱofȱtheȱNationalȱAllianceȱforȱPreservationȱ

Commissionsȱ(NAPC).25ȱTheȱguidelinesȱreferencedȱareȱfromȱvariousȱpartsȱofȱtheȱ

UnitedȱStatesȱandȱincludeȱthoseȱfor:ȱLouisville,ȱKYȱ(2003);ȱFredericksburg,ȱVAȱ

(1997);ȱChapelȱHill,ȱNCȱ(1998);ȱBoston’sȱBackȱBayȱ(1990);ȱPasadena,ȱCAȱ(2002);ȱ

SaltȱLakeȱCity,ȱUTȱ(1997);ȱandȱWashington,ȱDCȱ(1995).ȱEachȱofȱtheseȱselectedȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 25ȱNAPCȱȬȱNationalȱAllianceȱforȱPreservationȱCommissions.ȱ http://www.sed.uga.edu/pso/programs/napc/napc.htm,ȱMarchȱ28,ȱ2005.ȱ ȱ 25ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ2ȱ ȱ guidelinesȱcontainsȱsectionsȱaimedȱatȱregulatingȱnewȱconstructionȱorȱchangesȱtoȱ historicȱbuildings.ȱTheyȱhaveȱmanyȱofȱtheȱsameȱcomponentsȱandȱdifferȱmainlyȱinȱ theirȱvaryingȱemphasisȱonȱtheȱdetailsȱthatȱmakeȱeachȱplaceȱunique.ȱThusȱallȱofȱ themȱmentionȱheight,ȱscale,ȱcolor,ȱmaterials,ȱorientation,ȱfenestration,ȱsolidȱtoȱ voidȱrelationships,ȱarchitecturalȱdetails,ȱcontinuity,ȱmassing,ȱrhythm,ȱsetbacks,ȱ andȱroofȱformȱasȱessentialȱelementsȱtoȱconsiderȱwhenȱdesigningȱinfillȱinȱhistoricȱ neighborhoods.ȱSomeȱguidelinesȱalsoȱcontainȱdrawingsȱandȱphotographsȱusedȱtoȱ illustrateȱacceptableȱandȱunacceptableȱsolutions.26ȱThisȱhelpsȱtoȱlimitȱtheȱamountȱ ofȱmisinterpretationȱandȱmakeȱtheȱdesignȱreviewȱprocessȱasȱclearȱasȱpossible.ȱȱ

TheȱcurrentȱdocumentȱforȱtheȱSocietyȱHillȱHistoricȱDistrictȱwasȱcreatedȱasȱ aȱpamphletȱforȱhomeowners27ȱinȱtheȱlateȱ1990sȱbyȱtheȱPreservationȱAllianceȱofȱ

GreaterȱPhiladelphia,ȱaȱnonȬprofitȱorganization.ȱThisȱpamphletȱisȱnotȱaȱsetȱofȱ guidelinesȱbutȱisȱinsteadȱanȱoverviewȱofȱtheȱconsiderationsȱtheȱHistoricalȱ

Commissionȱusesȱwhenȱreviewingȱalterationsȱtoȱhistoricȱfabricȱorȱnewȱinfill.ȱTheȱ sectionȱpertainingȱtoȱnewȱconstructionȱcanȱbeȱfoundȱinȱAppendixȱD.ȱInȱtheseȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 26ȱAllȱofȱtheȱaboveȱmentionedȱguidelinesȱuseȱvisualȱaidsȱexceptȱforȱtheȱoneȱforȱBoston’sȱBackȱBayȱarea.ȱ 27ȱSocietyȱHillȱ(andȱPennsylvaniaȱHospitalȱofȱWashingtonȱSquareȱWest)ȱHistoricȱDistrict:ȱAȱGuideȱforȱPropertyȱ Owners.ȱPreservationȱAllianceȱforȱGreaterȱPhiladelphia.ȱȱ ȱ 26ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ2ȱ ȱ guidelines,ȱitȱisȱstatedȱthatȱnewȱconstructionȱ“shouldȱnotȱobscure,ȱdamage,ȱorȱ destroyȱtheȱcharacterȬdefiningȱfeaturesȱofȱtheȱexistingȱhistoricȱbuildings,”ȱandȱ thatȱitȱshouldȱnotȱduplicateȱtheȱexistingȱdesignȱbutȱinsteadȱcreateȱaȱclearȱ definitionȱbetweenȱnewȱandȱhistoricȱmaterials,ȱreflectingȱourȱownȱtime.ȱTheȱmainȱ goalȱisȱconsistencyȱalongȱtheȱstreetȱfaçade.ȱThisȱideaȱofȱconsistencyȱalongȱwithȱ continuityȱemergesȱasȱaȱprimaryȱthemeȱofȱthisȱthesis.ȱȱ

Itȱisȱimportantȱtoȱnoteȱthatȱwhileȱalterationsȱandȱadditionsȱtoȱhistoricȱ structuresȱareȱregulatedȱbyȱlawȱinȱPhiladelphiaȱandȱmustȱbeȱapprovedȱbyȱtheȱ

HistoricalȱCommission,28ȱtheȱdesignȱofȱnewȱconstructionȱisȱnot.ȱ

“Newȱconstructionȱonȱvacantȱlotsȱinȱtheȱdistrictȱisȱsubjectȱtoȱtheȱ reviewȱ andȱ commentȱ ofȱ theȱ Philadelphiaȱ Historicalȱ Commission,ȱ whoseȱ advice,ȱ whileȱ notȱ binding,ȱ willȱ helpȱ insureȱ theȱ integrityȱ ofȱ theȱ historicȱ district.”29ȱȱ

Thisȱisȱanȱatypicalȱapproachȱtoȱnewȱconstruction.ȱManyȱhistoricȱdistrictsȱ haveȱguidelinesȱthatȱareȱlegallyȱbindingȱandȱmustȱbeȱfollowedȱinȱtheȱcaseȱofȱnewȱ constructionȱasȱwellȱasȱinȱtheȱalterationȱofȱhistoricȱstructures.ȱȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 28ȱSocietyȱHillȱ(andȱPennsylvaniaȱHospitalȱofȱWashingtonȱSquareȱWest)ȱHistoricȱDistrict:ȱAȱGuideȱforȱPropertyȱ Owners.ȱPreservationȱAllianceȱforȱGreaterȱPhiladelphia,ȱ1.ȱ 29ȱIbid,ȱ31.ȱ ȱ 27ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ2ȱ ȱ Itȱmustȱbeȱunderstoodȱthatȱthisȱpamphletȱisȱjustȱaȱsetȱofȱsuggestionsȱnotȱ intendedȱasȱaȱsetȱofȱguidelines,ȱbutȱratherȱtoȱdemystifyȱtheȱprocessesȱandȱ considerationsȱmadeȱbyȱtheȱPhiladelphiaȱHistoricalȱCommissionȱtoȱadministerȱ thisȱlocalȱhistoricȱdistrict.ȱItȱisȱnotȱaȱreplacementȱforȱgoodȱdesignȱsenseȱandȱ judgment.ȱManyȱofȱtheseȱdocumentsȱmentionȱthatȱaȱdesignȱprofessionalȱshouldȱ beȱconsultedȱbeforeȱanyȱmajorȱarchitecturalȱundertakingȱisȱbegun.ȱThoughȱthereȱ isȱnoȱguarantee,ȱthisȱisȱtheȱmostȱprudentȱwayȱtoȱensureȱthatȱanyȱnewȱdesignȱisȱ compatibleȱwithȱitsȱneighborhood.ȱ

RelationshipȱofȱOldȱtoȱNewȱ

Fromȱtheȱanalysisȱofȱtheseȱvariousȱdesignȱguidelines,ȱitȱisȱapparentȱthatȱ theȱspecificȱguidelinesȱareȱtheȱmodernȱevolutionȱofȱtheȱoriginalȱrenewalȱplans.ȱȱ

Theȱrenewalȱplansȱwereȱaȱmoreȱholisticȱapproach,ȱwithȱtheirȱmainȱgoalȱ beingȱoverallȱrevitalization.ȱTheyȱcreatedȱguidelinesȱthatȱdealtȱwithȱissuesȱthanȱ thatȱwentȱwellȱbeyondȱarchitecturalȱfeaturesȱofȱtheȱbuildings.ȱTheseȱplansȱalsoȱsetȱ regulationsȱforȱlivingȱconditionsȱandȱsafety,ȱstandardsȱforȱmaintenance,ȱ constructionȱqualityȱandȱsanitation.ȱTheyȱwereȱaimedȱatȱimprovingȱtheȱoverallȱ

ȱ 28ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ2ȱ ȱ qualityȱandȱconditionȱofȱtheȱareaȱandȱtheȱqualityȱofȱlifeȱofȱtheȱresidents.ȱȱ

TheȱHistoricȱDistrictȱplans,ȱonȱtheȱotherȱhand,ȱareȱaimedȱatȱtheȱ preservationȱofȱwhatȱalreadyȱexistsȱandȱmanagementȱofȱchangeȱwithinȱthatȱ context.ȱTheyȱsetȱguidelinesȱforȱwhatȱchangesȱcanȱbeȱmadeȱtoȱtheȱdistrictȱonceȱitȱ hasȱfinishedȱtheȱrevitalizationȱprocess.ȱTheyȱcouldȱnotȱexistȱwithoutȱtheȱinitialȱ workȱdoneȱinȱtheȱrenewalȱplansȱandȱareȱaȱwayȱofȱmaintainingȱandȱimplementingȱ thoseȱplans.ȱTheyȱareȱaȱmaintenanceȱplanȱforȱtheseȱareas.ȱ

ȱ

ȱ 29ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ

Chapterȱ3ȱ

ThisȱchapterȱservesȱasȱanȱoverviewȱofȱSocietyȱHill’sȱarchitecturalȱandȱ urbanȱhistoryȱasȱaȱcontextȱforȱtheȱarchitecturalȱanalysisȱofȱtheȱmodernȱ architectureȱinȱtheȱhistoricȱcontext.ȱSocietyȱHillȱhasȱaȱcomplexȱandȱintricateȱ historyȱthatȱcannotȱbeȱaddressedȱfullyȱinȱaȱsingleȱchapter.ȱAȱdetailedȱhistoryȱcanȱ beȱfoundȱinȱsuchȱpublicationsȱasȱPhiladelphia:ȱAȱ300ȱYearȱHistoryȱeditedȱbyȱRussellȱ

F.ȱWeigleyȱandȱPhiladelphia:ȱAȱBriefȱHistoryȱbyȱRogerȱD.ȱSimon.ȱȱ

EarlyȱSettlementȱ

TheȱareaȱknownȱasȱSocietyȱHillȱinȱPhiladelphiaȱisȱoneȱofȱtheȱoldestȱareasȱofȱ theȱcity.ȱItsȱboundariesȱareȱroughlyȱfromȱFrontȱStreetȱtoȱEighthȱStreetȱandȱfromȱ

WalnutȱStreetȱtoȱLombardȱStreet.ȱItȱwasȱsettledȱshortlyȱafterȱtheȱfoundingȱofȱ

PennsylvaniaȱbyȱWilliamȱPennȱinȱ1682.ȱTheȱnameȱ“SocietyȱHill”ȱcomesȱfromȱtheȱ

ȱ 30ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ3ȱ ȱ originalȱowner,ȱtheȱFreeȱSocietyȱofȱTraders,ȱwhichȱwasȱdeededȱtheȱlandȱonȱtheȱ hillȱsouthȱofȱDockȱCreekȱbyȱWilliamȱPenn.ȱTheȱfirstȱsetȱofȱrowȱhousesȱwereȱbuiltȱ alongȱFrontȱStreetȱbetweenȱWalnutȱandȱDockȱStreetsȱcircaȱ1690.ȱTheȱearliestȱ buildingȱstyleȱwasȱinȱtheȱtraditionȱofȱEngland,ȱhalfȬtimberedȱconstructionȱtypicalȱ ofȱarchitectureȱpriorȱtoȱLondon’sȱGreatȱFireȱofȱ1666.30ȱTheȱareaȱbeganȱtoȱbuildȱupȱ inȱtheȱfirstȱhalfȱofȱtheȱeighteenthȱcentury,ȱexpandingȱwestwardȱfromȱtheȱ

DelawareȱRiver,ȱbutȱremainedȱrelativelyȱcompactȱbecauseȱofȱtheȱlackȱofȱgoodȱ transportationȱandȱroads.31ȱȱ

Toȱserveȱtheȱincreasingȱpopulation,ȱaȱmarketȱwasȱconstructedȱatȱtheȱ intersectionȱofȱSecondȱandȱLombardȱStreets,ȱcalledȱNewȱMarket.ȱTheȱmarketȱ continuedȱtoȱexpandȱandȱbyȱtheȱbeginningȱofȱtheȱnineteenthȱcentury,ȱtheȱHeadȱ

HouseȱwasȱconstructedȱonȱPineȱandȱSecondȱStreet,ȱatȱtheȱnorthernmostȱendȱofȱ theȱNewȱMarket.ȱȱ

Inȱ1800,ȱfireȱsafetyȱlegislationȱwasȱpassedȱbyȱtheȱcityȱthatȱrequiredȱallȱnewȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 30ȱMurtagh,ȱWilliam,ȱ“TheȱPhiladelphiaȱRowȱHouse,”ȱTheȱJournalȱofȱtheȱSocietyȱofȱArchitecturalȱHistoriansȱ (December,ȱ1957)ȱ8.ȱ 31ȱAmes,ȱKenneth,ȱ“RobertȱMillsȱandȱtheȱPhiladelphiaȱRowȱHouse,”ȱTheȱJournalȱofȱtheȱSocietyȱofȱArchitecturalȱ Historiansȱ(1968)ȱ140.ȱ ȱ 31ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ3ȱ ȱ constructionȱtoȱbeȱofȱbrick.ȱBecauseȱofȱthis,ȱthroughoutȱtheȱcentury,ȱtheȱolderȱ woodenȱhousesȱwereȱreplacedȱwithȱnewȱmasonryȱbuildings.ȱCommercialȱ developmentȱalsoȱincreased,ȱandȱtheȱfoodȱmarketȱgrew.ȱTheȱfoodȱdistributionȱ centerȱthatȱwasȱoriginallyȱlocatedȱonȱDockȱStreetȱexpandedȱsouth,ȱeventuallyȱ reachingȱtheȱHeadȱHouse,ȱdisplacingȱtheȱretailȱshopsȱinȱNewȱMarket.32ȱȱ

Declineȱ

Byȱtheȱmiddleȱtoȱendȱofȱtheȱnineteenthȱcentury,ȱmanufacturingȱfacilitiesȱ andȱwarehousesȱhadȱtakenȱoverȱtheȱbanksȱofȱtheȱDelawareȱRiverȱwhereȱtheȱfirstȱ settlementȱhadȱoccurred.ȱManyȱofȱtheȱresidentsȱofȱSocietyȱHillȱmovedȱoutȱtoȱtheȱ moreȱfashionableȱ“suburbs”ȱatȱtheȱgrowingȱwesternȱandȱnorthernȱendsȱofȱtheȱcityȱ likeȱRittenhouseȱSquareȱtoȱescapeȱtheȱdirtȱandȱcongestionȱandȱalsoȱbecauseȱtheyȱ noȱlongerȱneededȱtoȱliveȱwithinȱwalkingȱdistanceȱofȱtheirȱplaceȱofȱworkȱdueȱtoȱ theȱnewȱelectricȱtrolleyȱlinesȱinstalledȱinȱtheȱ1890s.ȱMapȱ4ȱshowsȱtheȱSocietyȱHillȱ

Areaȱinȱ1895.ȱItȱisȱalmostȱcompletelyȱbuiltȱout,ȱandȱalongȱtheȱwaterȱisȱtheȱ evidenceȱofȱmanufacturingȱandȱwarehouseȱuses.ȱMapȱ5ȱisȱofȱtheȱRittenhouseȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 32ȱSauer,ȱLouisȱA.ȱ“ReinforcingȱAȱSenseȱofȱPlace,”ȱOldȱandȱNewȱArchitectureȱ(WashingtonȱD.C.:ȱTheȱ PreservationȱPress)ȱ116Ȭ18.ȱ ȱ 32ȱ ȱ ‘Š™Ž›ȱř Š™ȱŚ ˜Œ’Ž¢ȱ ’••ȱ›ŽŠȱ’—ȱŗŞşś

›˜–•Ž¢ǰȱ Ž˜›ŽȱǯȱŠ—ȱŠ•Ž›ȱǯȱ•Šœȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŒ’¢ȱ˜ȱ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’ŠȱŒŽ—›Š•ȱ‹žœ’—Žœœȱ™›˜™Ž›¢ǰȱ ›˜–ȱŠŒžŠ•ȱœž›ŸŽ¢œȱŠ—ȱ˜ĜŒ’Š•ȱ™•Š—œǯȱ›˜–•Ž¢ǰȱ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’ŠDZȱŗŞşśǰȱ•ŠŽȱŗǯȱ

řř ‘Š™Ž›ȱř Š™ȱś ’ĴŽ—‘˜žœŽȱšžŠ›Žȱ›ŽŠȱ’—ȱŗŞşś

›˜–•Ž¢ǰȱ Ž˜›ŽȱǯȱŠ—ȱŠ•Ž›ȱǯȱ•Šœȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŒ’¢ȱ˜ȱ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’ŠȱŒŽ—›Š•ȱ‹žœ’—Žœœȱ™›˜™Ž›¢ǰȱ ›˜–ȱŠŒžŠ•ȱœž›ŸŽ¢œȱŠ—ȱ˜ĜŒ’Š•ȱ™•Š—œǯȱ›˜–•Ž¢ǰȱ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’ŠDZȱŗŞşśǰȱ•ŠŽȱŘǯȱ

řŚ Chapterȱ3ȱ ȱ Squareȱareaȱatȱtheȱsameȱtime.ȱItȱhasȱbecomeȱquiteȱdeveloped,ȱwithȱlotsȱandȱ buildingsȱofȱaȱlargerȱsizeȱthanȱthoseȱinȱtheȱSocietyȱHillȱArea.ȱAsȱtheȱareaȱlostȱitsȱ originalȱinhabitantsȱandȱpropertyȱvaluesȱfell,ȱnewȱimmigrantsȱtookȱadvantageȱofȱ theȱnowȱvacantȱhomesȱandȱmovedȱinȱwithȱsuchȱrapidityȱthatȱthereȱwasȱnoȱtimeȱtoȱ replaceȱtheȱexistingȱsingleȬfamilyȱhomes,ȱresultingȱinȱmanyȱofȱthemȱbeingȱ convertedȱintoȱmultipleȬfamilyȱresidences.ȱInȱparticular,ȱtheȱareasȱaroundȱSecondȱ andȱFrontȱStreetsȱwereȱalmostȱcompletelyȱtakenȱoverȱbyȱmanufacturingȱfacilities,ȱ warehouses,ȱandȱtenements.ȱMuchȱofȱtheȱexistingȱfabricȱwasȱsignificantlyȱalteredȱ andȱlost.33

Redevelopmentȱ

KeyȱȱmilestonesȱinȱtheȱredevelopmentȱofȱSocietyȱHillȱareȱchronologicallyȱ summarizedȱasȱfollows:34

1944ȱ

ƒ DesignationȱofȱIndependenceȱSquareȱasȱaȱnationalȱshrine.ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 33ȱIbid.ȱ 34ȱAllȱinformationȱinȱtheȱredevelopmentȱsectionȱisȱfromȱSocietyȱHill,ȱPhiladelphia:ȱAȱReportȱofȱtheȱPresentationȱtoȱ theȱSeminarȱonȱCaseȱStudiesȱinȱUrbanȱDesign.ȱUDȱ716ȱTheȱUrbanȱDesignȱProgramȱGraduateȱSchoolȱofȱFineȱArtsȱ UniversityȱofȱPennsylvania,ȱ1978ȱandȱSocietyȱHill,ȱPhiladelphia:ȱHistoricȱPreservationȱandȱUrbanȱRenewalȱinȱ WashingtonȱSquareȱEast,ȱaȱMaster’sȱThesisȱbyȱValerieȱSueȱHalversonȱPace,ȱUniversityȱofȱMinnesota,ȱPh.D.,ȱ 1976ȱUrbanȱandȱRegionalȱPlanning.ȱ ȱ 35ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ3ȱ ȱ ƒ PlanȱdoneȱbyȱRoyȱLarsonȱforȱIndependenceȱHallȱandȱtheȱEastȱMallȱforȱtheȱ

FairmountȱParkȱArtȱAssociationȱandȱtheȱIndependenceȱHallȱAssociation.ȱ

1945ȱ

ƒ TheȱPennsylvaniaȱHousingȱandȱRenewalȱActȱwasȱadoptedȱbyȱtheȱstateȱ

legislature,ȱlayingȱtheȱlegalȱframeworkȱnecessaryȱtoȱaccomplishȱrenewalȱinȱ

SocietyȱHillȱandȱotherȱareasȱofȱtheȱcity.ȱȱ

1947ȱ

ƒ TheȱBetterȱPhiladelphiaȱExhibition,ȱorganizedȱbyȱEdmundȱBaconȱandȱOskarȱ

Stonorov,ȱdisplayedȱaȱnewȱvisionȱforȱtheȱcityȱandȱitsȱfuture.ȱTheȱearliestȱplansȱ

forȱtheȱrenewalȱofȱSocietyȱHillȱwereȱpartȱofȱthisȱexhibit.ȱȱ

ƒ TheȱRedevelopmentȱAuthorityȱofȱtheȱCityȱofȱPhiladelphiaȱwasȱformedȱandȱ

givenȱtheȱpowerȱtoȱborrowȱmoney,ȱwhichȱwouldȱbeȱimportantȱforȱlaterȱ

redevelopmentȱprograms.ȱ

1948ȱ

ƒ GreaterȱPhiladelphiaȱMovementȱwasȱestablished.ȱItȱprovedȱinstrumentalȱinȱ

relocatingȱtheȱDockȱStreetȱFoodȱDistributionȱCenterȱ(DSFDC),ȱoneȱofȱtheȱ

pivotalȱeventsȱinȱtheȱredevelopmentȱofȱSocietyȱHill.ȱȱ ȱ 36ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ3ȱ ȱ 1949ȱ

ƒ NationalȱHousingȱActȱPassed.ȱThisȱprovidedȱ1.5ȱbillionȱfederalȱdollarsȱ

throughoutȱtheȱcountryȱinȱloansȱandȱgrantsȱoverȱaȱfiveȬyearȱperiod.ȱThisȱ

wouldȱallowȱtheȱpurchaseȱofȱhighlyȱvaluedȱurbanȱlandȱthatȱcouldȱbeȱresoldȱatȱ

aȱreasonableȱpriceȱforȱredevelopmentȱofȱhousing.ȱ

ƒ EdmundȱBaconȱbecameȱdirectorȱofȱtheȱCityȱPlanningȱCommission.ȱTheȱ

CommissionȱconductedȱaȱhousingȱsurveyȱthroughoutȱPhiladelphia,ȱ

designatingȱnineȱrenewalsȱareasȱincludingȱSocietyȱHill.ȱȱ

1952ȱ

ƒ TheȱNationalȱParkȱServiceȱadoptedȱaȱplanȱforȱIndependenceȱMallȱandȱ

acquiredȱtheȱfirstȱpartȱofȱtheȱgreenwayȱsystem.ȱȱ

ƒ PhiladelphiaȱHomeȱRuleȱCharterȱpassed.ȱThisȱgreatlyȱexpandedȱtheȱpowersȱ

ofȱtheȱCityȱPlanningȱCommissionȱandȱestablishedȱaȱfiveȬyearȱcapitalȱ

budgetingȱprogram.ȱȱ

ƒ ȱ“TheȱChineseȱWall,”ȱaȱrailroadȱbridgeȱthatȱhadȱdividedȱPhiladelphiaȱinȱhalfȱ

runningȱupȱBroadȱStreet,ȱwasȱcompletelyȱdemolished,ȱwhichȱreconnectedȱtheȱ

cityȱandȱaddedȱtoȱtheȱredevelopmentȱmomentum.ȱ

ȱ 37ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ3ȱ ȱ 1954ȱ

ƒ HousingȱActȱofȱ1954ȱpassed.ȱThisȱguaranteedȱmoneyȱtoȱcompleteȱanyȱrenewalȱ

projectsȱthatȱhadȱalreadyȱbegun.ȱForȱSocietyȱHill,ȱitȱshowedȱtheȱprivateȱ

investorsȱthatȱinvestmentȱhereȱwasȱsafe.ȱȱ

ƒ TheȱredevelopmentȱplanȱforȱWashingtonȱSquareȱEastȱwasȱdividedȱintoȱthreeȱ

units.ȱ(Unitsȱ1ȱandȱ2ȱareȱtheȱfocusȱofȱthisȱthesis.)ȱȱ

1955ȱ

ƒ TheȱFoodȱDistributionȱCorporationȱwasȱfoundedȱtoȱorganizeȱandȱoverseeȱtheȱ

constructionȱandȱrelocationȱofȱtheȱDSFDC.ȱȱ

1956ȱ

ƒ RichardsonȱDilworthȱbecameȱtheȱmayorȱofȱPhiladelphiaȱinȱ1956ȱandȱ

appointedȱAlbertȱGreenfieldȱChairmanȱofȱtheȱCityȱPlanningȱCommission.ȱȱ

GreenfieldȱpushedȱtheȱcreationȱofȱtheȱOldȱPhiladelphiaȱDevelopmentȱ

Corporationȱ(OPDC).ȱThisȱagencyȱservedȱasȱanȱintermediaryȱbetweenȱcityȱ

agenciesȱandȱprivateȱdevelopersȱandȱwasȱresponsibleȱforȱfindingȱinvestors,ȱ

identifyingȱsourcesȱofȱfunding,ȱandȱensuringȱqualityȱandȱconsistentȱdesign.ȱ

ƒ TheȱcityȱbeganȱitsȱacquisitionȱofȱtheȱDSFDCȱproperty.ȱȱ

ȱ 38ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ3ȱ ȱ ƒ OldȱPhiladelphiaȱDevelopmentȱCorporationȱfounded.ȱItȱcontractedȱwithȱtheȱ

RedevelopmentȱAuthorityȱtoȱactȱasȱtheȱredeveloperȱforȱtheȱhistoricȱbuildingsȱ

andȱsomeȱvacantȱlotsȱinȱSocietyȱHill.ȱȱ

1957ȱ

ƒ TheȱsecondȱplanȱforȱSocietyȱHill,ȱafterȱtheȱGreaterȱPhiladelphiaȱExhibitionȱinȱ

1947,ȱwasȱcompletedȱbyȱVincentȱKling,ȱRoyȱLarson,ȱandȱOskarȱStonorov.ȱThisȱ

planȱwasȱsubmittedȱtoȱtheȱFederalȱUrbanȱRenewalȱAdministrationȱasȱanȱ

applicationȱforȱaȱsurveyȱandȱplanningȱgrant.ȱOnceȱtheȱgrantȱwasȱgivenȱ

throughȱtheȱRedevelopmentȱAuthority,ȱitsȱstaffȱwasȱabsorbedȱintoȱtheȱ

PlanningȱCommission.ȱWithȱthisȱgrant,ȱtheȱRedevelopmentȱAuthorityȱwasȱ

ableȱtoȱcondemnȱtheȱentireȱareaȱofȱSocietyȱHill.ȱAȱplanȱwasȱcreatedȱtoȱ

promoteȱrehabilitation.ȱ

ƒ Atȱtheȱsameȱtime,ȱSectionȱ220ȱofȱtheȱHousingȱAssistanceȱActȱprovidedȱtaxȱ

incentivesȱforȱhousingȱconstruction,ȱandȱtheȱFederalȱUrbanȱRenewalȱ

Administrationȱcommittedȱ$11.1ȱmillionȱforȱacquisitionȱandȱdemolitionȱofȱ

properties.ȱȱ

ƒ MayorȱDilworthȱbuildsȱaȱGeorgianȱstyleȱhouseȱoverlookingȱWashingtonȱ

ȱ 39ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ3ȱ ȱ SquareȱPark.ȱȱ

1958ȱ

ƒ G.ȱHolmesȱPerkinsȱwasȱappointedȱChairmanȱofȱtheȱCityȱPlanningȱ

Commission,ȱandȱWilliamȱRafskyȱbecameȱheadȱofȱtheȱRedevelopmentȱ

Authority.ȱWright,ȱAndradeȱandȱAmentaȱwasȱcommissionedȱbyȱtheȱ

RedevelopmentȱAuthorityȱtoȱstudyȱtheȱareaȱandȱoutlineȱtheȱspecificationȱforȱaȱ

competitionȱforȱdevelopment.ȱȱ

ƒ AȱcompetitionȱwasȱheldȱtoȱselectȱarchitectȬdeveloperȱteamsȱtoȱdevelopȱoneȱorȱ

bothȱparcelsȱofȱWashingtonȱSquareȱEastȱ(SocietyȱHill).ȱTheȱwinningȱteamsȱ

wereȱI.M.ȱPeiȱwithȱdevelopersȱWebbȱandȱKnappȱforȱtheȱeasternȱhalf,ȱandȱ

HarrisonȱAbramovitzȱwithȱdevelopersȱJeffersonȱSquareȱCorporationȱforȱtheȱ

westernȱhalf.ȱȱ

ƒ Byȱtheȱendȱofȱthisȱyear,ȱtheȱentireȱpropertyȱofȱtheȱDSFDCȱwasȱacquiredȱbyȱtheȱ

city.ȱȱ

ƒ RedevelopmentȱAuthorityȱratifiesȱWashingtonȱSquareȱEastȱUnitȱ1ȱUrbanȱ

RenewalȱPlan.ȱȱ

ȱ 40ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ3ȱ ȱ 1959ȱ

ƒ TheȱDSFDCȱclosedȱandȱwasȱrelocatedȱtoȱSouthȱPhiladelphia.ȱ

ƒ TheȱTechnicalȱReportȱwrittenȱbyȱWright,ȱAndradeȱandȱAmentaȱArchitectsȱisȱ

published.ȱȱ

ƒ WashingtonȱSquareȱEastȱUnitȱ1ȱisȱacquiredȱthroughȱeminentȱdomainȱbyȱtheȱ

RedevelopmentȱAuthority.ȱȱ

1960ȱ

ƒ CommencementȱofȱtheȱconstructionȱofȱtheȱSocietyȱHillȱTowersȱwasȱdelayed,ȱ

partiallyȱdueȱtoȱtheȱstatusȱandȱscaleȱofȱanotherȱhousingȱprojectȱonȱ

WashingtonȱSquare,ȱtheȱHopkinsonȱHouse.ȱTheȱFHAȱwasȱconcernedȱthatȱtheȱ

area’sȱoverallȱhousingȱneedȱwouldȱbeȱmetȱbyȱHopkinsonȱHouseȱalone,ȱprojectȱ

andȱrefusedȱtoȱguaranteeȱaȱloan.ȱThereȱwasȱalsoȱconcernȱaboutȱconstructionȱ

andȱexpensesȱofȱtheȱtowersȱthatȱcausedȱfurtherȱdelays.ȱAsȱaȱresult,ȱdueȱtoȱ

financialȱhardship,ȱWebbȱandȱKnappȱhadȱtoȱsellȱtheȱdevelopmentȱtoȱAlcoa,ȱ

whoȱbecameȱtheȱfinalȱdevelopersȱofȱtheȱtowers.ȱȱ

ƒ RedevelopmentȱAuthorityȱratifiesȱWashingtonȱSquareȱEastȱUnitȱ2ȱUrbanȱ

RenewalȱPlan.ȱȱ

ȱ 41ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ3ȱ ȱ 1961ȱ

ƒ ImplementationȱofȱtheȱplanȱforȱWashingtonȱSquareȱEastȱUnitȱ2ȱwasȱbegunȱbutȱ

approachedȱdifferentlyȱthanȱUnitȱ1.ȱCertainȱparcelsȱwereȱexcludedȱfromȱ

acquisitionȱbutȱwereȱstillȱunderȱtheȱregulationȱofȱtheȱplan.ȱ

1962ȱ

ƒ ConstructionȱbeganȱonȱtheȱSocietyȱHillȱTowers,ȱwhichȱtookȱtwoȱyearsȱtoȱ

complete.ȱ

1964Ȭ1967ȱ

ƒ Aȱturningȱpointȱinȱtheȱredevelopmentȱprocess.ȱDuringȱthisȱtimeȱaȱmajorityȱofȱ

theȱpropertiesȱinȱSocietyȱHillȱwereȱsold.ȱ

1970ȱ

ƒ Byȱthisȱtime,ȱpublicȱexpenditureȱforȱSocietyȱHillȱwasȱ$10ȱmillionȱandȱtotalȱ

expendituresȱwereȱestimatedȱatȱ$75ȱmillion.ȱ

ƒ ȱ

ThisȱbriefȱhistoryȱofȱSocietyȱHillȱservesȱtoȱgiveȱtheȱbackdropȱforȱtheȱ analysisȱofȱtheȱarchitectureȱthatȱcameȱoutȱofȱtheȱfinalȱredevelopmentȱstage.ȱȱ

ȱ 42ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ3ȱ ȱ ThereȱwasȱmuchȱattentionȱpaidȱtoȱPhiladelphia’sȱredevelopmentȱ initiativesȱinȱSocietyȱHill.ȱManyȱarchitecturalȱwritersȱwereȱconcernedȱaboutȱhowȱ theȱbalanceȱbetweenȱoldȱandȱnewȱarchitectureȱwouldȱemerge.ȱManyȱcommentedȱ onȱtheȱfactȱthatȱtheȱcityȱshouldȱbeȱmovingȱforwardȱarchitecturally,ȱandȱthatȱtoȱ simplyȱcopyȱaȱpreviousȱstyleȱwouldȱnotȱbeȱinȱtheȱspiritȱofȱredevelopmentȱandȱ growth.ȱAsȱLewisȱMumfordȱputȱit,ȱ“Sinceȱsoȱmuchȱthatȱisȱhistoricallyȱgenuineȱ remains,ȱwhyȱshouldȱanyoneȱdebaseȱitsȱvalueȱbyȱmintingȱandȱscatteringȱaboutȱ falseȱcoinȱthatȱtheȱinnocentȱwillȱtakeȱasȱrealȱmoney?”35ȱTheȱhistoryȱofȱarchitectureȱ isȱaboutȱchangeȱandȱprogress,ȱandȱtoȱattemptȱtoȱhaltȱthisȱchangeȱisȱinȱdirectȱ oppositionȱtoȱtheȱveryȱnatureȱofȱtheȱdiscipline.ȱ

ȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 35ȱMumford,ȱLewis,ȱ“TheȱSkyȱLine:ȱPhiladelphiaȬIII,”ȱTheȱNewȱYorkerȱ(6ȱAprilȱ1957)ȱ133.ȱ ȱ 43ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ

Chapterȱ4ȱ

Whenȱlookingȱatȱtheȱarchitectureȱwithinȱaȱhistoricȱdistrict,ȱthereȱareȱaȱfewȱ importantȱquestionsȱtoȱconsider.ȱManyȱofȱthemȱinvolveȱdeterminingȱwhatȱexactlyȱ isȱmeantȱbyȱ“historic,”ȱandȱhowȱthoseȱmeaningsȱareȱmanifested.ȱSuchȱquestionsȱ areȱinextricablyȱinterwovenȱwithȱtheȱindividualȱbuildingȱanalysesȱandȱoverallȱ streetscapeȱevaluationsȱthatȱareȱtheȱsubjectȱofȱthisȱchapter.ȱ

WhenȱweȱwalkȱdownȱtheȱbrickȬpaved,ȱtreeȬlinedȱsidewalksȱofȱSocietyȱHill,ȱ aȱcertainȱatmosphereȱisȱexperienced.ȱThisȱfeelingȱisȱuniqueȱtoȱtheȱcurrentȱtimeȱ andȱnotȱaȱrecreationȱofȱaȱpreviousȱera.ȱWhatȱweȱcallȱ“historic”ȱoftenȱisȱtheȱsenseȱ ofȱplaceȱcreatedȱbyȱtheȱlayersȱofȱarchitecturalȱhistoryȱworkingȱtogetherȱtoȱinvokeȱ emotionȱandȱmemory.ȱTheȱredevelopmentȱofȱSocietyȱHillȱwasȱnotȱtryingȱtoȱ recreateȱtheȱpastȱbutȱtoȱmakeȱusȱawareȱofȱtheȱhistoryȱembodiedȱinȱtheseȱ

ȱ 44ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ buildings.ȱItȱisȱthisȱhistoryȱthatȱtheȱmodernȱarchitectureȱwillȱbeȱanalyzedȱagainst,ȱ theȱhistoryȱreȬrecognizedȱinȱtheȱ1950sȱbyȱtheȱRedevelopmentȱAuthorityȱandȱtheȱ citizensȱofȱPhiladelphia.ȱ

AnalysisȱMethodsȱ

Forȱthisȱthesis,ȱthereȱareȱtwoȱgeneralȱcategoriesȱofȱbuildingsȱinȱSocietyȱ

Hill.ȱTheȱfirstȱisȱstructuresȱbuiltȱpriorȱtoȱ1950ȱandȱhaveȱbeenȱrestoredȱorȱ rehabilitated.ȱTheȱsecondȱcategory,ȱandȱtheȱprimaryȱsubjectȱofȱthisȱthesis,ȱisȱthoseȱ builtȱbetweenȱ1950ȱandȱ1975ȱduringȱwhatȱisȱknownȱasȱtheȱredevelopmentȱperiodȱ andȱalsoȱthoseȱbuiltȱafterȱ1975.ȱTheseȱmodernȱbuildingsȱfitȱintoȱthreeȱstylisticȱ categories.ȱȱ

Theȱfirstȱcategoryȱisȱtheȱ“Imitator.”ȱTheseȱareȱbuildingsȱthatȱuseȱhistoricȱ elementsȱandȱmotifsȱdirectlyȱwithoutȱmodernȱinterpretation.ȱTheyȱcontinueȱtheȱ visualȱcontinuityȱofȱtheȱolderȱbuildingsȱandȱareȱmeantȱtoȱblendȱseamlesslyȱintoȱ theȱstreetwallȱandȱgeneralȱarchitectureȱofȱtheȱneighborhoodȱandȱnotȱposeȱasȱanȱ architecturalȱorȱvisualȱdistractionȱtoȱtheȱcasualȱpedestrian.ȱAȱgoodȱexampleȱofȱ thisȱtypeȱofȱbuildingȱisȱtheȱrowȱofȱfiveȱtwoȱandȱoneȬhalfȱstoryȱdwellings,ȱ#201Ȭ

ȱ 45ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ 209,ȱdesignedȱbyȱarchitectȱJoshuaȱFishȱonȱtheȱnorthȱsideȱatȱtheȱeastȱendȱofȱtheȱ200ȱ blockȱofȱDelanceyȱStreetȱ(Imageȱ1).ȱTheseȱbuildingsȱhaveȱusedȱelementsȱtypicalȱofȱ architectureȱinȱtheȱareaȱfromȱtheȱmidȱtoȱlateȬeighteenthȱcenturyȱtoȱcauseȱlittleȱ stylisticȱdisruption.ȱAnotherȱtwoȱbuildingsȱthatȱhaveȱusedȱaȱlaterȱstyleȱareȱ#218ȱ andȱ#220,ȱacrossȱtheȱstreetȱfromȱtheȱpreviousȱexampleȱ(Imageȱ18).ȱTheseȱareȱthreeȱ storyȱbuildingsȱthatȱuseȱelementsȱmoreȱtypicalȱofȱearlyȱnineteenthȱcenturyȱ architectureȱofȱthisȱarea.ȱThisȱtypeȱofȱbuildingȱpaysȱrespectȱtoȱaȱtimeȬtestedȱ design,ȱbutȱitȱsaysȱnothingȱaboutȱtheȱstylesȱofȱtheȱtimeȱinȱwhichȱitȱwasȱbuilt.ȱȱ

Theȱsecondȱcategoryȱisȱtheȱ“Contextual.”ȱTheseȱbuildingsȱhaveȱtakenȱ historicȱthemes,ȱmaterialsȱandȱproportions,ȱbutȱtreatedȱthemȱinȱaȱwayȱthatȱ conveysȱtheȱtimeȱinȱwhichȱtheyȱwereȱbuilt,ȱwhileȱcontinuingȱtheȱscaleȱandȱlinesȱofȱ theȱexistingȱstructures.ȱFromȱfirstȱglance,ȱtheseȱareȱnotȱalwaysȱtheȱeasiestȱtoȱpickȱ outȱfromȱtheȱoriginalȱbuildingsȱbecauseȱinȱcolorȱandȱtextureȱtheyȱblendȱwithȱtheirȱ neighboringȱbuildings,ȱbutȱonȱsecondȱglanceȱbyȱtheirȱdistinctlyȱmodernȱelementsȱ andȱlackȱofȱ(orȱreinterpreted)ȱhistoricȱdetailing,ȱtheyȱshowȱthemselvesȱasȱaȱ responseȱtoȱtheȱhistoricȱcontextȱwhileȱcontinuingȱtoȱmoveȱforward.ȱAnȱexampleȱ ofȱthisȱtypeȱisȱtheȱrowȱofȱfiveȱdwellingsȱonȱtheȱsouthȱsideȱofȱPineȱStreet,ȱ#618Ȭ626ȱ

ȱ 46ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ (Imagesȱ63ȱandȱ64).ȱTheseȱfiveȱunitsȱformȱaȱcontinuousȱstructureȱthatȱisȱdividedȱ intoȱbays,ȱeachȱunitȱconsistingȱofȱtwoȱbays.ȱTheirȱheightȱisȱnotȱanȱissueȱbecauseȱ thereȱareȱmoderateȱvariationsȱalongȱtheȱblockȱandȱtheȱcolorȱisȱaȱdarkȱbrownȱ brick,ȱwhichȱaddsȱtoȱtheȱvariationsȱinȱcolorȱalongȱtheȱblock.ȱAnotherȱgoodȱ exampleȱisȱ633ȱPineȱStreetȱ(Imageȱ53).ȱItȱcarriesȱtheȱsameȱlinesȱasȱtheȱadjacentȱ building,ȱwithȱthreeȱhorizontalȱbandsȱofȱwindows,ȱandȱalsoȱmatchesȱtheȱcorniceȱ closely.ȱItȱisȱaȱlighterȱcolor,ȱbutȱinȱthisȱcaseȱthatȱisȱwhatȱsetsȱitȱapart.ȱȱ

Theȱfinalȱcategoryȱisȱtheȱ“Contrastor;”ȱthoseȱbuildingsȱthatȱstandȱoutȱ becauseȱtheyȱareȱofȱaȱcompletelyȱdifferentȱmaterial,ȱstyleȱorȱscaleȱfromȱtheȱ surroundingȱbuildings.ȱWhileȱtheyȱareȱoftenȱofȱaȱsimilarȱheightȱand/orȱsetback,ȱinȱ responseȱtoȱzoningȱregulations,ȱtheseȱbuildingsȱcontainȱdetailsȱthatȱdoȱnotȱ respondȱtoȱtheȱexistingȱfabricȱandȱinȱfact,ȱdisregardȱit.ȱBecauseȱofȱtheseȱelements,ȱ theyȱcreateȱaȱdisruptionȱinȱtheȱstreetwallȱandȱvista,ȱclearlyȱshowingȱthatȱtheyȱareȱ

“modern.”ȱThereȱareȱfewerȱofȱthisȱtypeȱthanȱofȱtheȱotherȱtwo,ȱandȱsomeȱhistoricȱ buildingsȱhaveȱbecomeȱtypeȱthreeȱbuildingsȱbyȱworkȱdoneȱtoȱthemȱduringȱtheȱ restorationȱperiod.ȱAnȱexampleȱofȱthisȱisȱtheȱstructureȱonȱtheȱwestȱendȱofȱtheȱ600ȱ blockȱofȱPineȱStreet,ȱ#637Ȭ43ȱ(Imageȱ54).ȱTheȱlargeȱgeometricȱshapes,ȱchamferedȱ

ȱ 47ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ corners,ȱandȱrecessedȱcentralȱportion,ȱalongȱwithȱtheȱbrightȱwhiteȱofȱtheȱstuccoȱ makeȱitȱstandȱoutȱfromȱtheȱotherȱbuildingsȱonȱtheȱblockȱandȱinȱtheȱneighborhood.ȱ

Itȱisȱinstantlyȱnoticeableȱasȱdifferentȱandȱmodern.ȱ

TheȱblocksȱchosenȱforȱtheȱstudyȱareaȱareȱallȱwithinȱtheȱSocietyȱHillȱ

HistoricȱDistrictȱ(Mapȱ6)ȱandȱwereȱinitiallyȱpickedȱbasedȱonȱmappingȱtheȱmodernȱ propertiesȱonȱSanbornȱmapsȱtoȱdetermineȱtheirȱdistributionȱ(Mapȱ7).ȱFromȱthisȱ initialȱanalysis,ȱaȱfewȱblocksȱstoodȱoutȱasȱhavingȱatȱleastȱfiftyȱpercentȱofȱtheirȱ propertiesȱbuiltȱinȱtheȱlastȱfiftyȱyears.ȱBecauseȱsoȱmuchȱisȱnewȱonȱtheseȱblocks,ȱ theyȱareȱidealȱcandidatesȱtoȱanalyzeȱhowȱtheȱnewȱandȱoldȱarchitectureȱinteractȱ withȱeachȱotherȱinȱtheȱstreetȱfaçade.ȱȱ

ManyȱofȱtheȱbuildingsȱthroughoutȱSocietyȱHillȱwereȱalsoȱrestoredȱandȱ rehabilitatedȱduringȱtheȱredevelopmentȱboom.ȱTheseȱterms36ȱmustȱbeȱfurtherȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 36ȱ“Restorationȱisȱdefinedȱasȱtheȱactȱorȱprocessȱofȱaccuratelyȱdepictingȱtheȱform,ȱfeatures,ȱandȱcharacterȱofȱaȱ propertyȱasȱitȱappearedȱatȱaȱparticularȱperiodȱofȱtimeȱbyȱmeansȱofȱtheȱremovalȱofȱfeaturesȱfromȱotherȱperiodsȱ inȱitsȱhistoryȱandȱreconstructionȱofȱmissingȱfeaturesȱfromȱtheȱrestorationȱperiod.ȱTheȱlimitedȱandȱsensitiveȱ upgradingȱofȱmechanical,ȱelectrical,ȱandȱplumbingȱsystemsȱandȱotherȱcodeȬrequiredȱworkȱtoȱmakeȱ propertiesȱfunctionalȱisȱappropriateȱwithinȱaȱrestorationȱproject.”ȱpȱ61.ȱ “Rehabilitationȱisȱdefinedȱasȱtheȱactȱorȱprocessȱofȱmakingȱpossibleȱaȱcompatibleȱuseȱforȱaȱpropertyȱthroughȱ repair,ȱalterations,ȱandȱadditionsȱwhileȱpreservingȱthoseȱportionsȱorȱfeaturesȱwhichȱconveyȱitsȱhistorical,ȱ cultural,ȱorȱarchitecturalȱvalues.”ȱpȱ117.ȱȱ TheȱSecretaryȱofȱtheȱInterior’sȱStandardsȱforȱtheȱTreatmentȱofȱHistoricȱPropertiesȱwithȱGuidelinesȱforȱPreserving,ȱ Rehabilitating,ȱRestoringȱ&ȱReconstructingȱHistoricȱBuildingsȱ ȱ 48ȱ ȱ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ Š™ȱŜ ˜Œ’Ž¢ȱ ’••ȱ ’œ˜›’Œȱ’œ›’Œ

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ؗȱ›ŽŽ

ř›ȱ›ŽŽ

Ś‘ȱ›ŽŽ ž’•ȱŗşŖŖȬ ž’•ȱŠĞŽ›ȱ ś‘ȱ›ŽŽ

Ŝ‘ȱ›ŽŽ

ŝ‘ȱ›ŽŽ

ޝ‘ȱ›ŽŽ ’—Žȱǯ ˜ž‘ȱǯ ˜Œžœȱǯ ™›žŒŽȱǯ ‘Žœ—žȱǯ ˜–‹Š›ȱǯ ş‘ȱ›ŽŽ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱǯ

˜–™˜œ’Žȱ˜ȱŠȱ–Š™ȱ›˜–ȱŠ’˜—Š•ȱŽ’œŽ›ȱ˜–’—Š’˜—ȱ˜›ȱ‘Žȱ˜Œ’Ž¢ȱ ’••ȱ ’œ˜›’Œȱ’œ›’Œǯȱ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’Šȱ ’œ˜›’ŒŠ•ȱ ˜––’œœ’˜—ǰȱŠ—ȱ’›Žȱ’—œž›Š—ŒŽȱ–Š™œȱ›˜–ȱ‘ŽȱŠ—‹˜›—ȱŠ™ȱ˜–™Š—¢ȱŠ›Œ‘’ŸŽœǰȱ•ŠŽȱŗş‘ȱŒŽ—ž›¢ȱ˜ȱŗşşŖǰȱŽ——œ¢•ŸŠȬ —’Šǰȱ—’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ˜ȱŽ——œ¢•ŸŠ—’Šȱ’‹›Š›¢ǯ śŖ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ explainedȱhere.ȱBothȱofȱtheseȱwordsȱhaveȱtakenȱonȱaȱnumberȱofȱconnotations.ȱ

TheȱtermsȱareȱalsoȱusedȱinȱtheȱHistoricȱDistrictȱInventoryȱwithoutȱanȱexplanation,ȱ soȱoftenȱtheȱwordȱusedȱhereȱisȱaȱreflectionȱofȱtheȱoneȱusedȱtoȱdescribeȱtheȱ buildingȱinȱthisȱdocument.ȱWithoutȱknowingȱtheȱexact,ȱdetailedȱhistoryȱofȱeachȱ building,ȱitȱisȱveryȱdifficultȱtoȱdistinguishȱthoseȱthatȱhaveȱbeenȱrepairedȱandȱ stabilizedȱ(rehabilitated)ȱfromȱthoseȱthatȱhaveȱbeenȱtrulyȱreturnedȱtoȱtheirȱ appearanceȱatȱaȱspecificȱmomentȱinȱtimeȱ(restored).ȱȱ

Inȱfact,ȱtheȱappearanceȱofȱmanyȱofȱtheseȱbuildingsȱisȱanȱinterpretationȱofȱ theȱoriginalȱstyleȱorȱaȱspeculativeȱrestoration.ȱManyȱofȱtheȱchangesȱmadeȱtoȱtheseȱ buildingsȱoverȱtheirȱlifeȱcycleȱhaveȱbeenȱremovedȱinȱorderȱtoȱmakeȱthemȱinȱ harmonyȱwithȱtheȱsurroundingȱstylisticȱconditions.ȱInȱsomeȱcases,ȱevenȱifȱtheȱ originalȱuseȱwasȱaȱstorefront,ȱdueȱtoȱtheȱchangeȱinȱuseȱofȱtheȱneighborhood,ȱitȱ wasȱ“restored”ȱtoȱaȱresidentialȱdwelling.ȱGenerally,ȱinȱtheȱcaseȱofȱtheseȱ alterations,ȱtheȱbuildingsȱareȱbroughtȱtoȱaȱstyleȱthatȱisȱinȱconcordȱwithȱtheȱrestȱofȱ theȱblockȱandȱthatȱappearsȱasȱifȱitȱcouldȱhaveȱbeenȱoriginal.ȱ

ȱ

ȱ 51ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ Theȱthreeȱblocksȱchosenȱforȱthisȱthesisȱ–ȱtheȱ100ȱandȱ200ȱblocksȱofȱ

DelanceyȱStreet,ȱandȱtheȱ600ȱBlockȱofȱPineȱStreetȱ–ȱmostlyȱincludeȱImitatorsȱandȱ

Contextuals.ȱInȱorderȱtoȱincludeȱsomeȱofȱtheȱthirdȱtype,ȱaȱfewȱotherȱblockȱ segmentsȱhaveȱalsoȱbeenȱchosenȱthatȱareȱwithinȱtheȱSocietyȱHillȱdistrictȱ(Mapȱ8).ȱ

Inȱorderȱtoȱprovideȱaȱcontextȱforȱtheȱmodernȱbuildings,ȱaȱbriefȱbuildingȱ chronologyȱisȱgivenȱthatȱoutlinesȱtheȱentireȱblock,ȱfollowedȱbyȱanȱanalysisȱofȱtheȱ modernȱbuildingsȱasȱtheyȱinteractȱwithȱtheȱexistingȱfabric,ȱalsoȱlookingȱatȱtheirȱ adherenceȱtoȱdesignȱguidelinesȱasȱlaidȱoutȱinȱtheȱWashingtonȱSquareȱEastȱUnitȱ1ȱ andȱUnitȱ2ȱRenewalȱPlans,ȱapprovedȱinȱDecemberȱ1958ȱandȱJuneȱ1962,ȱ respectively.37ȱTheȱ100ȱblockȱofȱDelanceyȱStreetȱfallsȱinȱUnitȱ1ȱwhileȱallȱofȱtheȱ otherȱpropertiesȱofȱtheȱstudyȱareaȱfallȱinȱUnitȱ2ȱ(SeeȱMapȱ2ȱfromȱChapterȱ2).ȱTheȱ guidelinesȱforȱUnitȱ1ȱareȱstillȱinȱeffectȱbecauseȱtheyȱmustȱbeȱfollowedȱforȱnoȱlessȱ thanȱfiftyȱyears,38ȱbutȱthoseȱforȱUnitȱ2ȱwereȱonlyȱinȱeffectȱforȱ25ȱyears.39ȱFollowingȱ theȱtextȱforȱeachȱblockȱisȱaȱsectionȱofȱimagesȱofȱthatȱblock.ȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 37ȱExcerptsȱfromȱtheseȱdocumentsȱpertainingȱtoȱdesignȱguidelinesȱcanȱbeȱfoundȱinȱAppendicesȱ1ȱandȱ2.ȱ 38ȱRedevelopmentȱAuthorityȱofȱPhiladelphia.ȱWashingtonȱSquareȱEastȱUrbanȱRenewalȱArea,ȱUnitȱ1.ȱ Philadelphia:ȱ1958,ȱ13.ȱ 39ȱRedevelopmentȱAuthorityȱofȱPhiladelphia.ȱWashingtonȱSquareȱEastȱUrbanȱRenewalȱArea,ȱUnitȱ2.ȱ Philadelphia:ȱ1962,ȱ2.ȱ ȱ 52ȱ ȱ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ Š™ȱŞ ž¢ȱ›ŽŠȱŸŽ›Ÿ’Ž ȱŠ™

–™Ž›Ÿ’˜žœȱž›ŠŒŽȱŠ¢Ž›ǰȱ’¢ȱ˜ȱ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’Šǰȱ ›ŽŽ›Ž—ŒŽȱ›˜–ȱŽ——œ¢•ŸŠ—’Šȱ™Š’Š•ȱŠŠȱŒŒŽœœȱǻǼȱ ’‘ȱŠž‘˜›ȂœȱŠ•Ž›Š’˜—œ

śř ˜›‘ȱ’ŽȱȬȱŘŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽ Žœ Šœ

                     ’ž›ŽȱŞ ‘˜˜–˜—ŠŽȱ˜ȱ›ŽŽœŒŠ™Ž

                     ’ž›Žȱş ž•’—Žȱ›Š ’—ȱ˜ȱ›ŽŽœŒŠ™Ž

’ž›ŽȱŗŖ ›ŽŽœŒŠ™Žȱ ’‘ȱ˜•’ŠŽȱŠ—ȱ›ŽŽȱž›—’ž›Ž śŚ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ 200ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱ

Mapȱ9ȱisȱanȱoverviewȱmapȱofȱtheȱdistributionȱofȱhistoricȱtoȱmodernȱ buildings.ȱAlongȱwithȱTableȱ1,ȱitȱprovidesȱaȱbriefȱglimpseȱofȱtheȱconstructionȱ historyȱofȱtheȱblock.ȱȱ

NorthȱSideȱ–ȱConstructionȱHistoryȱ

Nineȱofȱtheȱtwentyȱbuildingsȱwereȱbuiltȱduringȱtheȱredevelopment.ȱAnȱ overviewȱofȱtheȱblockȱisȱillustratedȱinȱFigureȱ1.ȱ

ƒ #201Ȭ213:ȱ(Imagesȱ1ȱandȱ2)ȱTheȱfirstȱsevenȱbuildings,ȱfromȱeastȱtoȱwest,ȱwereȱ

designedȱbyȱarchitectȱJoshuaȱFish,ȱandȱbuiltȱinȱ1964.ȱSixȱofȱthemȱareȱsimilar,ȱ

twoȱandȱoneȬhalfȱstoriesȱwithȱaȱraisedȱentrance,ȱwhileȱoneȱisȱthreeȱandȱoneȬ

halfȱstories,ȱwithȱtallerȱwindowsȱonȱtheȱsecondȱstoryȱandȱaȱbalcony.ȱȱ

ƒ #215:ȱ(Imagesȱ2ȱandȱ9)ȱBuiltȱinȱ1999ȱandȱdesignedȱbyȱarchitectȱHughȱNewellȱ

Jacobsen.ȱȱ

ƒ #217:ȱ(Imageȱ3)ȱKnownȱasȱtheȱRhodesȬBarclayȱHouseȱandȱbuiltȱinȱ1750Ȭ58ȱbyȱ

SamuelȱRhodes,ȱaȱmasterȱbuilderȱandȱaȱMayorȱofȱPhiladelphia,ȱitȱwasȱrestoredȱ

inȱ1960ȱbyȱarchitectȱW.ȱNelsonȱAndersonȱandȱalteredȱinȱ1964ȱbyȱRobertȱT.ȱ

ȱ 55ȱ ȱ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ Š™ȱş ŘŖŖȱ•˜Œ”ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽ

Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽ ř›ȱ›ŽŽ ؗȱ›ŽŽ

–™Ž›Ÿ’˜žœȱž›ŠŒŽȱŠ¢Ž›ǰȱ’¢ȱ˜ȱ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’Šǰȱ ›ŽŽ›Ž—ŒŽȱ›˜–ȱŽ——œ¢•ŸŠ—’Šȱ™Š’Š•ȱŠŠȱŒŒŽœœȱǻǼȱ ’‘ȱŠž‘˜›ȂœȱŠ•Ž›Š’˜—œ

śŜ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ Š‹•Žȱŗ ŘŖŖȱ•˜Œ”ȱ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽȱ˜—œ›žŒ’˜—ȱŠŽœȱŠ—ȱ›Œ‘’ŽŒœ

˜›‘ȱ’Ž ˜ž‘ȱ’Ž •ȱǛ ž’• ›’›Œ‘’ŽŒ •ȱǛ ž’• ›’›Œ‘’ŽŒ ŘŖŗ ŗşŜŚ ˜œ‘žŠȱ’œ‘ ŘŖŖȬŖŚ ŗŝŞŖ —”—˜ — ŘŖř ŗşŜŚ ˜œ‘žŠȱ’œ‘ ŘŖŞ ŗşŝŖ Šœœ’—Ž›ȱǭȱŒ‘ Š– ŘŖś ŗşŜŚ ˜œ‘žŠȱ’œ‘ ŘŗŘ ŗşŝŖ Šœœ’—Ž›ȱǭȱŒ‘ Š– ŘŖŝ ŗşŜŚ ˜œ‘žŠȱ’œ‘ ŘŗŚ ŗŝśŜ ˜‘—ȱ ˜˜ ’— ŘŖş ŗşŜŚ ˜œ‘žŠȱ’œ‘ ŘŗŜ ŗŝśŜ ˜‘—ȱ ˜˜ ’— Řŗŗ ŗşŜŚ ˜œ‘žŠȱ’œ‘ ŘŗŞ ŗşŝŚ ˜‘—ȱ ǯȱž››’œ Řŗř ŗşŜŚ ˜œ‘žŠȱ’œ‘ ŘŘŖ ŗşŝŖ —”—˜ — Řŗś ŗşşş ž‘ȱŽ Ž••ȱ ŠŒ˜‹œŽ— ŘŘŘ ŗŞŚř —”—˜ — Řŗŝ ŗŝśŖȬśŞ Š–žŽ•ȱ‘˜Žœ ŘŘŚ ŗŞŚř —”—˜ — Řŗş ŗşŞś —”—˜ — ŘŘŜ ŗşŞř Š››’—˜—ȱǭȱžȱœœ˜Œ’ŠŽœ

ŘŘŗȬŘř  —”—˜ — ŘŘŞȬřŖȱ ŗşŝŖ ’Œ‘Ž••Ȧ ’ž›˜•Šȱ œœ˜Œ’ŠŽœȱǭȱ˜¢ȱ˜••–Ž›ȱ œœ˜Œ’ŠŽœ

ŘŘś ŗŞŚŜ —”—˜ — ŘřŘ ŗŞŗŖ ŽŒŽ—Š—œȱ˜ȱ’Œ‘Š›ȱ ›˜Œ”Ž— ŘŘŝ ŗŞŚŜ —”—˜ — ŘřŚ ŗŞŗŖ ŽŒŽ—Š—œȱ˜ȱ’Œ‘Š›ȱ ›˜Œ”Ž— ŘŘş ŗŞŚŜ —”—˜ — ŘřŜ ŗŝŜś ˜‘—ȱ›’—”Ž› Řřŗ ŗŞŚŜ —”—˜ — ŘřŞ ŗŝŜś ˜‘—ȱ›’—”Ž› Řřř ŗŞŗŗ —”—˜ — ŘŚŖ ŗşŜŗ ˜œŽ™‘ȱ›Š’œœ–Š— ŘřśȬřŝȱ ŗşŝŖ ȱ Š–Žœȱǯȱ ’œŽȱǭȱ˜•Š—ȱ ŘŚŘ ŗŝŞŖ —”—˜ — ŠŸ’Žœ Řřş ŗŞŗŗ —”—˜ — ŘŚŚ ŗŝŞŖ —”—˜ — ŘŚŗ ŗŞŗŗ —”—˜ — ŘŚŜ ŗŝŜŝ ˜œŽ™‘ȱŽ‘Ž›’•• ŘŚř ŗŞŗŖ ˜‘—ȱŠ›—Ž› ŘŚŞ ŗŝŜŚȬŝŗ Š–Žœȱ›Žœœ˜— ŘŚśȬśŗ ŗŝŞřȬşş ˜‘—ȱ Š•• ŘśŖ ŗŞŘŜ —”—˜ —

śŝ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ Trump,ȱbuilder.ȱȱ

ƒ #219:ȱ(Imageȱ3)ȱNextȱisȱaȱnarrowȱstreetȱnamedȱPhilipȱStreet,ȱacrossȱwhich,ȱ

whereȱ#219ȱonceȱstood,ȱisȱnowȱanȱemptyȱlot.ȱȱ

ƒ #221ȱandȱ#223:ȱ(Imageȱ3)ȱBuiltȱasȱaȱsetȱandȱtheȱdateȱisȱunknown,ȱbutȱitȱisȱ

likely,ȱfromȱtheȱsizeȱandȱscale,ȱthatȱtheyȱwereȱbuiltȱaroundȱtheȱsameȱtimeȱasȱ

#217.ȱBothȱtheseȱstructuresȱwereȱgivenȱnewȱfacadesȱ1962.ȱȱ

ƒ #225ȱandȱ#227:ȱ(Imageȱ4)ȱBuiltȱinȱ1846ȱasȱtenantȱhousesȱforȱtheȱmerchantȱ

tailorsȱWilliamȱandȱFrancisȱCarpenter.ȱRestoredȱinȱ1960ȱbyȱarchitectȱHerbertȱ

Winokur.ȱȱ

ƒ #229ȱandȱ#231:ȱ(Imageȱ4)ȱbuiltȱinȱ1846ȱasȱtenantȱhousesȱforȱtheȱmerchantȱ

tailorsȱWilliamȱandȱFrancisȱCarpenter.ȱW.ȱNelsonȱAndersonȱrestoredȱ#229ȱinȱ

1961,ȱandȱ#231ȱwasȱrestoredȱinȱ1973.ȱȱ

ƒ #233Ȭ241:ȱ(Imageȱ5)ȱwereȱbuiltȱasȱaȱrowȱofȱfiveȱinȱ1811,ȱandȱtheȱfirstȱisȱknownȱ

asȱtheȱJosephȱWetherillȱHouse,ȱnamedȱafterȱtheȱoriginalȱownerȱandȱ

rehabilitatedȱinȱ1959.ȱȱ

ƒ #235ȱandȱ#237:ȱ(Imageȱ5)ȱReplacedȱbyȱmodernȱbuildingsȱinȱ1970.ȱȱ

ƒ #239ȱandȱ#241:ȱȱ(Imageȱ5)ȱTheȱlastȱtwoȱofȱtheȱfive,ȱtheirȱfacadesȱwereȱrebuiltȱinȱ

ȱ 58ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ 1962.ȱȱ

ƒ #243:ȱ(Imageȱ6)ȱBuiltȱinȱ1810,ȱbyȱJohnȱWarner,ȱaȱhouseȱcarpenter,ȱandȱ

renovatedȱinȱ1965ȱbyȱarchitectȱAdolfȱDeRoyȱMark.ȱȱ

ƒ #245ȱandȱ#247;ȱ(Imageȱ6)ȱAȱgardenȱhasȱreplacedȱtheseȱbuildingsȱthatȱwereȱ

removedȱinȱtheȱ1965ȱrenovationȱ(AlsoȱseeȱImageȱ15).ȱȱȱ

ƒ #251:ȱ(Imageȱ6)ȱKnownȱasȱtheȱJohnȱHallȱHouseȱandȱbuiltȱinȱ1783ȱbyȱJohnȱHall,ȱ

aȱhouseȱcarpenter.ȱRestoredȱinȱ1965ȱbyȱAdolfȱDeRoyȱMark,ȱwhoȱgaveȱitȱaȱnewȱ

firstȱgroundȱfloorȱresidentialȱfaçadeȱandȱmovedȱtheȱentranceȱtoȱDelanceyȱ

Street.ȱ

NorthȱSideȱ–ȱTheȱModernȱBuildingsȱ

AȱfewȱofȱtheȱmodernȱbuildingsȱonȱthisȱblockȱareȱaȱmixtureȱofȱImitatorsȱandȱ

Contextuals.ȱTheȱfirstȱsevenȱbuildingsȱ(#201Ȭ213),ȱalthoughȱdesignedȱandȱbuiltȱatȱ theȱsameȱtimeȱbyȱarchitectȱJoshuaȱFish,ȱallȱhaveȱdifferentȱfeatures.ȱ#201ȱ(Imageȱ1)ȱ borrowsȱelementsȱfromȱtheȱolderȱtwoȱandȱoneȬhalfȱstoryȱstructuresȱdownȱtheȱ blockȱ(#217Ȭ223)ȱ(Imageȱ3)ȱwithȱitsȱpentȱroof,ȱwhileȱalsoȱadoptingȱtheȱraisedȱ entranceȱfromȱtheȱthreeȱandȱoneȬhalfȱstoryȱstructuresȱatȱtheȱotherȱendȱofȱtheȱblockȱ

(#225Ȭ233)ȱ(Imageȱ4)ȱandȱacrossȱtheȱstreetȱ(#222Ȭ224)ȱ(Imageȱ18).ȱ#203ȱisȱpaintedȱ

ȱ 59ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ brick,ȱmakingȱitȱaȱlighterȱcolorȱthanȱtheȱrestȱofȱtheȱblock.ȱIt,ȱalongȱwithȱ#205,ȱ#207,ȱ

#209,ȱandȱ#213,ȱ(Imagesȱ1ȱandȱ2)ȱimitatesȱtheȱthreeȱandȱoneȬhalfȱstoryȱstructuresȱ downȱtheȱblock,ȱbutȱatȱaȱtwoȱandȱoneȬhalfȱstoryȱscale.ȱ#205ȱandȱ#207ȱhaveȱaȱ marbleȱwaterȱtable,ȱandȱtheȱscaleȱofȱtheȱfirstȱfloorȱofȱ#207ȱisȱelongatedȱwithȱ paintedȱshuttersȱandȱwoodȱpanelingȱthatȱmakeȱtheȱwindowsȱappearȱtaller.ȱ

Marbleȱbeltȱcoursesȱlinkȱ#209,ȱ#211,ȱandȱ#213.ȱTheȱthreeȱandȱoneȬhalfȱstoriesȱofȱ

#211ȱ(Imageȱ2)ȱsetȱitȱapartȱfromȱitsȱimmediateȱneighbors,ȱalongȱwithȱtallerȱsecondȱ floorȱwindowsȱandȱaȱwroughtȱironȱbalcony,ȱaȱfeatureȱnotȱfoundȱonȱmanyȱofȱtheȱ historicȱbuildingsȱinȱthisȱarea.ȱThereȱisȱalsoȱaȱtunnelȬlikeȱgarageȱopeningȱthatȱ leadsȱbehindȱtheȱproperty,ȱanotherȱuniqueȱfeature.ȱ

#215ȱ(Imageȱ2)ȱisȱbuiltȱinȱaȱhistoricȱstyleȱnotȱtypicalȱofȱPhiladelphia.ȱItsȱ dormerȱwindowsȱareȱreminiscentȱofȱNewȱEnglandȱstyleȱarchitecture.ȱTheȱscaleȱ matchesȱthatȱofȱtheȱbuildingsȱfurtherȱdownȱtheȱblockȱbutȱisȱlargerȱthanȱtheȱ adjacentȱbuildings.ȱThisȱisȱtheȱnewestȱbuildingȱonȱtheȱblock,ȱconstructedȱinȱ1999,ȱ afterȱtheȱdesignationȱofȱtheȱhistoricȱdistrict.ȱByȱtheȱtimeȱthisȱbuildingȱwasȱ constructed,ȱtheȱjurisdictionȱofȱtheȱWashingtonȱSquareȱEastȱRenewalȱPlanȱUnitȱ2ȱ

ȱ 60ȱ ȱ 6RXWK6LGHEORFNRI'HODQFH\6WUHHW Šœ Žœ

                   ’ž›Žȱŗś 3KRWRPRQWDJHRI6WUHHWVFDSH

                  

’ž›ŽȱŗŜ 2XWOLQH'UDZLQJRI6WUHHWVFDSH

’ž›Žȱŗŝ 6WUHHWVFDSHZLWK)ROLDJHDQG6WUHHW)XUQLWXUH Ŝŗ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ hadȱexpiredȱandȱtheȱarchitectȱwasȱnotȱboundȱbyȱanyȱlocalȱguidelines,ȱbutȱthisȱ buildingȱstillȱfitsȱwithinȱtheȱzoningȱrequirementsȱsetȱforthȱforȱheightȱandȱgeneralȱ layout.ȱ

#235Ȭ37ȱ(Imageȱ5)ȱisȱaȱdoubleȱlotȱwidthȱhouse.ȱItȱwasȱbuiltȱinȱ1970ȱinȱaȱ postȬmodernȱstyle.ȱTheȱhorizontalȱlinesȱofȱtheȱadjacentȱbuildingsȱareȱroughlyȱ maintained,ȱincludingȱtheȱcorniceȱline,ȱbutȱtheȱscaleȱofȱtheȱfenestrationȱisȱgreatlyȱ altered.ȱTheȱentranceȱisȱalsoȱrecessedȱbackȱfromȱtheȱstreetȱfaçade.ȱUnlikeȱinȱtheȱ surroundingȱbuildings,ȱtheȱwindowsȱareȱofȱvaryingȱshapesȱandȱsizes.ȱTheyȱformȱ aȱdifferentȱbayȱrhythm,ȱofȱwideȱalternatingȱwithȱnarrow.ȱTheȱfaçadeȱofȱthisȱ buildingȱisȱalsoȱsetȱbackȱaȱfewȱinchesȱfromȱtheȱadjoiningȱstructures.ȱȱ

SouthȱSideȱ–ȱConstructionȱHistoryȱ

Sixȱofȱtheȱtwentyȱbuildingsȱonȱthisȱsideȱofȱtheȱblockȱwereȱbuiltȱduringȱtheȱ redevelopmentȱperiod.ȱAnȱoverviewȱofȱtheȱblockȱisȱillustratedȱinȱFigureȱ8.ȱȱ

ƒ #200Ȭ04:ȱ(alsoȱknownȱasȱ334ȱThirdȱStreet)ȱ(Imagesȱ16ȱandȱ23)ȱConstructedȱinȱ

1780ȱandȱtheȱfirstȱfloorȱmasonryȱwasȱreconstructedȱinȱ1967ȱbyȱarchitectȱJosephȱ

P.ȱGolden.ȱȱ

ȱ 62ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ ƒ Theȱnextȱlotȱisȱaȱgardenȱforȱ#200Ȭ04.ȱȱ

ƒ #208Ȭ212:ȱ(Imageȱ17)ȱTwoȱattachedȱdwellingsȱbuiltȱinȱ1970.ȱȱ

ƒ #214ȱandȱ#216:ȱ(Imageȱ17)ȱTheȱoldestȱonȱtheȱblockȱandȱwereȱbuiltȱinȱ1756ȱbyȱ

JohnȱGoodwin,ȱaȱcarpenter.ȱTheȱfrontȱfaçadeȱofȱ#214ȱwasȱrestoredȱinȱ1957,ȱandȱ

JohnȱH.ȱBurrisȱrestoredȱ#216ȱinȱ1973.ȱȱ

ƒ #218:ȱ(Imageȱ18)ȱBuiltȱinȱ1974ȱbyȱJohnȱH.ȱBurris.ȱȱ

ƒ #220:ȱ(Imageȱ18)ȱBuiltȱinȱ1970.ȱȱ

ƒ #222ȱandȱ#224:ȱ(Imageȱ18)ȱBothȱwereȱbuiltȱinȱ1843.ȱVanȱArkelȱandȱMoss,ȱ

architects,ȱalteredȱ#222ȱinȱ1962ȱbyȱremovingȱtheȱoriginalȱfourthȱfloorȱandȱ

addingȱaȱgableȱroof,ȱdormerȱandȱnewȱcornice.ȱTheȱfaçadeȱofȱ#224ȱwasȱrestoredȱ

byȱarchitectȱAllenȱA.ȱBerkowitzȱinȱ1971.ȱȱ

ƒ #226:ȱ(Imageȱ19)ȱBuiltȱinȱ1983ȱbyȱHarringtonȱandȱYuȱAssociates,ȱarchitects.ȱ

ƒ #228Ȭ30,ȱ(Imageȱ19)ȱBuiltȱinȱ1970ȱbyȱMitchell/GiurgolaȱAssociates,ȱarchitects,ȱ

andȱRoyȱVollmerȱAssociates,ȱarchitects.ȱȱ

ƒ #232ȱandȱ#234:ȱ(Imagesȱ19ȱandȱ20)ȱBuiltȱinȱ1810ȱbyȱtheȱdescendantsȱofȱRichardȱ

Brockden.ȱBothȱhadȱtheirȱfrontȱfacadesȱrestoredȱbyȱW.ȱNelsonȱAndersonȱinȱ

1962ȱandȱ1966,ȱrespectively.ȱȱ

ȱ 63ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ ƒ #236ȱandȱ#238:ȱ(Imageȱ20)ȱBuiltȱinȱ1765ȱbyȱJohnȱDrinker,ȱbricklayer.ȱThisȱpairȱ

isȱknownȱasȱDrinker’sȱCourtȱandȱbetweenȱthemȱisȱanȱalleyȱthatȱleadsȱtoȱmoreȱ

dwellingsȱonȱtheȱbacklots.ȱ#236ȱwasȱrehabilitatedȱinȱ1965Ȭ66ȱbyȱarchitectȱ

EdwardȱJ.ȱParnumȱandȱ#238ȱwasȱrehabilitatedȱinȱ1958Ȭ59.ȱȱ

ƒ #240:ȱ(Imageȱ20)ȱAȱsingleȱmodernȱbuildingȱconstructedȱinȱ1961ȱbyȱarchitectȱ

JosephȱPraissman.ȱ

ƒ #242ȱandȱ#244:ȱ(Imageȱ21)ȱTheseȱtwoȱareȱthreeȱandȱoneȬhalfȱstoriesȱtall,ȱwereȱ

builtȱinȱ1780ȱandȱhaveȱanȱalleyȱpassagewayȱbetweenȱthem.ȱTheyȱwereȱ

restoredȱinȱ1960ȱbyȱarchitectȱFrijofȱTobbiessen.ȱȱ

ƒ #246ȱandȱ#248:ȱ(Imageȱ21)ȱThisȱsetȱofȱtwinsȱisȱsimilarȱtoȱtheȱpreviousȱone,ȱbutȱ

oneȱstoryȱshorter.ȱ#246ȱwasȱbuiltȱinȱ1767ȱbyȱJosephȱWetherill,ȱaȱhouseȱ

carpenterȱandȱ#248ȱinȱ1964Ȭ71ȱbyȱJamesȱCresson,ȱcarpenter.ȱArchitectȱSamuelȱ

F.ȱBettsȱworkedȱonȱbothȱofȱtheseȱinȱ1959,ȱrehabilitatingȱ#246ȱandȱrestoringȱtheȱ

façadeȱofȱ#248.ȱȱ

ƒ #250:ȱ(Imageȱ22)ȱThisȱisȱtheȱlastȱbuildingȱonȱtheȱblockȱandȱwasȱbuiltȱinȱ1826ȱ

andȱoriginallyȱknownȱasȱ329ȱS.ȱThirdȱStreet,ȱwithȱtheȱentranceȱonȱThirdȱStreet.ȱ

Inȱtheȱrestorationȱdoneȱinȱ1969ȱbyȱJoshuaȱFish,ȱtheȱentranceȱwasȱmovedȱtoȱ

ȱ 64ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ DelanceyȱStreet.ȱ

SouthȱSideȱ–ȱTheȱModernȱBuildingsȱ

Thereȱareȱsixȱmodernȱbuildingsȱonȱthisȱsideȱofȱtheȱblock:ȱthreeȱImitatorsȱ andȱthreeȱContextuals.ȱ#218ȱ(Imageȱ18)ȱisȱtheȱfirstȱofȱtheȱImitators.ȱItȱisȱthreeȱ storiesȱtallȱandȱhasȱaȱpedimentedȱentrance,ȱsimilarȱtoȱthatȱonȱ#234ȱ(Imageȱ20)ȱ downȱtheȱblock.ȱTheȱfenestrationȱdoesȱnotȱalignȱhorizontallyȱwithȱtheȱadjacentȱ structures,ȱandȱtheȱentranceȱconditionȱisȱinȱbetweenȱinȱheightȱfromȱtheȱtwoȱ adjacentȱbuildings.ȱTheȱlayoutȱofȱfaçadeȱelementsȱisȱtakenȱfromȱ#220ȱwhileȱtheȱ proportionsȱofȱtheȱwindowsȱareȱtakenȱfromȱ#216ȱ(Imageȱ18).ȱTheȱroofȱisȱalsoȱflat,ȱ whichȱisȱuncommonȱinȱtheȱhistoricȱbuildingsȱofȱthisȱarea,ȱbutȱbecauseȱofȱtheȱtallȱ heightȱofȱtheȱbuilding,ȱthisȱisȱnotȱobvious.ȱ#220ȱisȱalsoȱaȱproductȱofȱtheȱ redevelopmentȱandȱwasȱbuiltȱaȱfewȱyearsȱbeforeȱ#218.ȱItȱhasȱaȱsmallerȱscaleȱofȱ fenestrationȱthanȱitsȱhistoricȱneighbor,ȱ#222ȱ(Imageȱ18),ȱandȱtheȱentranceȱisȱflushȱ withȱtheȱsidewalk,ȱanȱunusualȱcondition.ȱTheȱlastȱimitatorȱisȱ#240ȱ(Imageȱ20).ȱItȱisȱ slightlyȱlargerȱinȱproportionȱthanȱitsȱneighborsȱofȱDrinker’sȱCourt,ȱbutȱfollowsȱaȱ similarȱlayoutȱofȱtwoȱandȱoneȬhalfȱstoriesȱwithȱtwoȱbays.ȱSomeȱsimpleȱhistoricȱ detailingȱinȱtheȱcorniceȱandȱatȱtheȱsecondȱfloorȱlineȱaddsȱaȱbitȱofȱcharacter.ȱ

ȱ 65ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ TheȱContextualȱbuildingsȱonȱthisȱsideȱofȱtheȱblockȱareȱ#208Ȭ12,ȱ#226,ȱandȱ

#228Ȭ30ȱ(Imagesȱ17ȱandȱ19).ȱTheȱfirstȱisȱaȱsetȱofȱtwoȱhouses.ȱItȱdisruptsȱtheȱ streetwallȱbyȱrecessingȱtheȱcentralȱportionȱwhereȱtheȱentrancesȱareȱlocated.ȱTheȱ edgesȱareȱalsoȱdisruptedȱbyȱdiagonalȱcutsȱthatȱcontainȱwindows.ȱTheseȱserveȱtoȱ focusȱattentionȱonȱtheȱcentralȱrecessedȱportion.ȱTheȱwindowsȱdoȱnotȱhaveȱ dividedȱpanes,ȱlikeȱtheȱrestȱofȱtheȱbuildingsȱonȱtheȱblock.ȱItȱdoesȱretainȱtheȱ regularȱrhythmȱofȱtheȱbaysȱasȱinȱtheȱhistoricȱhouses,ȱwhichȱtheȱotherȱmodernȱ styleȱbuilding,ȱ#228Ȭ30,ȱdoesȱnot.ȱȱ

#226ȱ(Imageȱ19)ȱisȱaȱContexualȱbuilding.ȱItȱhasȱaȱraisedȱentranceȱandȱthreeȱ distinctȱbays,ȱbutȱtheȱdetailingȱandȱtheȱproportionsȱareȱdifferentȱfromȱtheȱhistoricȱ buildings.ȱTheȱfanlightȱaboveȱtheȱdoorȱisȱreminiscentȱofȱothersȱonȱtheȱblock,ȱbutȱ theȱarchȱdetailingȱinȱtheȱbrickȱmakesȱitȱsubtlyȱdifferent.ȱTheȱvariationȱinȱwindowȱ sizeȱalsoȱaddsȱtoȱtheȱmodernȱfeel.ȱTheȱlastȱhistoricȱelementȱisȱtheȱalleyȱentranceȱatȱ theȱwestȱsideȱofȱtheȱfaçade,ȱwhichȱisȱsimilarȱtoȱthoseȱbetweenȱtwinȱhousesȱalongȱ thisȱsideȱofȱtheȱblock.ȱ

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’ž›ŽȱŗŚ ˜›’£˜—Š•ȱ‘¢‘– ŜŞ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ Theȱmostȱdisruptiveȱbuildingȱonȱtheȱblockȱisȱ#228Ȭ30ȱ(Imageȱ19).ȱTheȱ entranceȱisȱdeeplyȱrecessedȱandȱtheȱfenestrationȱisȱnotȱbalancedȱalongȱtheȱfaçade.ȱ

Itȱalsoȱcreatesȱaȱgapȱonȱtheȱwestȱsideȱwhereȱtheȱedgeȱofȱtheȱfaçadeȱdoesȱnotȱmeetȱ theȱadjoiningȱbuilding.ȱTheȱroofȱisȱalsoȱmetal,ȱveryȱdifferentȱfromȱtheȱshinglesȱonȱ theȱrestȱofȱtheȱblock.ȱTheȱbreaksȱinȱtheȱfaçadeȱforȱtheȱrecessedȱentranceȱandȱaȱ recessedȱwindowȱalsoȱbreakȱtheȱplaneȱofȱtheȱstreetwall.ȱȱ

OverallȱBlockȱConditionsȱ

DelanceyȱStreetȱisȱaȱvehicularȱthoroughfare.ȱItȱrunsȱeastȱtoȱwestȱandȱitȱisȱ locatedȱparallelȱtoȱandȱbetweenȱSpruceȱandȱPineȱStreets,ȱcreatingȱaȱsecondaryȱ divisionȱinȱtheȱblockȱpatternȱofȱPhiladelphiaȱ(Mapȱ10).ȱTheȱnorthȱsideȱofȱtheȱ streetȱisȱdividedȱbyȱtwoȱnarrowerȱstreetsȱthatȱareȱbothȱvehicularȱpassages,ȱPhilipȱ

StreetȱandȱAmericanȱStreet.ȱTheȱsouthȱsideȱofȱtheȱblockȱhasȱoneȱsmallȱalleyȱbutȱnoȱ secondaryȱstreets.ȱTheȱsidewalksȱofȱbothȱsidesȱofȱtheȱstreetȱareȱpavedȱinȱbrick,ȱasȱ inȱtheȱrestȱofȱtheȱdistrict.ȱȱ

ThereȱareȱtreesȱplacedȱinȱstoneȬlinedȱbedsȱatȱregularȱintervalsȱonȱtheȱstreetȱ sideȱofȱtheȱsidewalkȱ(Imageȱ8).ȱTheȱtreesȱareȱmiddleȬaged,ȱmanyȱofȱwhichȱwereȱ

ȱ 69ȱ ȱ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ Š™ȱŗŖ ŘŖŖȱ•˜Œ”ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽȱȬȱŠ—‹˜›—ȱŠ™

’›Žȱ’—œž›Š—ŒŽȱ–Š™œȱ›˜–ȱ‘ŽȱŠ—‹˜›—ȱŠ™ȱ˜–™Š—¢ǰȱ›ŽŽȱ’‹›Š›¢ȱ˜ȱ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’ŠǰȱŘŖŖŚǯ

ŝŖ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ mostȱlikelyȱplantedȱduringȱtheȱredevelopmentȱperiodȱwhenȱtheȱentireȱdistrictȱ wasȱmadeȱgreener.ȱȱThereȱareȱsomeȱpottedȱplantsȱandȱwindowȱboxesȱthatȱaddȱ moreȱvarietyȱtoȱtheȱfacades.ȱStreetlampsȱareȱalsoȱplacedȱatȱregularȱintervalsȱdownȱ theȱstreetȱasȱillustratedȱinȱFiguresȱ3ȱandȱ10.ȱThisȱresultsȱinȱanȱapproximatelyȱtwoȬ footȬwideȱunobstructedȱcorridorȱforȱpedestrians.ȱ

Theȱmodernȱbuildingsȱcontributeȱtoȱtheȱhistoricȱscaleȱofȱtheȱstreet.ȱNoneȱofȱ theȱbuildingsȱisȱmuchȱlargerȱorȱsmallerȱthanȱothers,ȱandȱtheyȱallȱcarryȱtheȱoriginalȱ feelȱofȱtheȱhistoricȱneighborhood,ȱinȱmaterials,ȱfeaturesȱandȱbuildingȱelements.ȱ

Whenȱtheȱbuildingsȱareȱreducedȱtoȱtheirȱmostȱbasicȱelements,ȱtheȱpatternsȱareȱ easierȱtoȱdiscover.ȱTheȱfirstȱinȱaȱseriesȱofȱrhythmicȱlayersȱisȱshownȱinȱFigureȱ2,ȱ whereȱtheȱoverallȱlayoutȱofȱtheȱnorthȱsideȱblockȱisȱdistilledȱfromȱtheȱimageȱinȱ

Figureȱ1.ȱTheȱsameȱisȱillustratedȱforȱtheȱsouthȱsideȱinȱFigureȱ9ȱasȱaȱcondensationȱ ofȱFigureȱ8.ȱTheȱsecondȱlayerȱisȱtheȱrhythmȱofȱtheȱentrances;ȱtheȱthirdȱisȱtheȱbaysȱ createdȱbyȱtheȱwindows;ȱandȱtheȱfourthȱisȱtheȱstreetȱfurnitureȱandȱstreets.ȱȱ

OneȱdistinctȱpatternȱisȱaȱclearȱdividingȱlineȱmidȬblockȱonȱtheȱnorthȱsideȱofȱ theȱstreet.ȱEastȱofȱthisȱline,ȱtheȱbuildingsȱareȱpredominantlyȱtwoȱandȱoneȬhalfȱ

ȱ 71ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ stories,ȱandȱwestȱofȱit,ȱtheyȱareȱthreeȱandȱoneȬhalfȱstoriesȱ(Figureȱ2).ȱThisȱdivisionȱ isȱnotȱmirroredȱonȱtheȱsouthȱside,ȱwhichȱhasȱmuchȱmoreȱvariationȱalongȱtheȱ blockȱ(Figureȱ9).ȱThreeȱofȱtheȱmodernȱbuildingsȱonȱtheȱnorthȱsideȱdepartȱslightlyȱ fromȱtheȱoverallȱscaleȱ(#211,ȱ215,ȱandȱ235Ȭ37),ȱbutȱbecauseȱthereȱareȱvariationsȱinȱ theȱhistoricȱstructures,ȱtheȱheterogeneousȱcharacterȱisȱmaintained.ȱȱȱ

Anotherȱimportantȱaspectȱisȱtheȱcontinuityȱofȱtheȱstreetwallȱplane.ȱFigureȱ

5ȱillustratesȱtheȱbreaksȱinȱtheȱwallȱsurfaceȱonȱtheȱnorthȱsideȱofȱtheȱblockȱcreatedȱ byȱrecessedȱareasȱorȱprojectingȱelements.ȱTheȱstreetwallȱhasȱsomeȱcontinuousȱ elementȱalongȱtheȱstreet,ȱbrokenȱcompletelyȱonlyȱatȱtheȱjunctionsȱofȱotherȱstreets.ȱ

Evenȱtheȱgardenȱofȱ#251ȱ(Imageȱ6)ȱhasȱaȱwallȱthatȱlinksȱtheȱtwoȱbuildingsȱonȱ eitherȱside.ȱBreaksȱinȱtheȱstreetwallȱareȱmoreȱfrequentȱonȱtheȱsouthȱsideȱofȱtheȱ block,ȱasȱshownȱinȱFigureȱ12.ȱTheȱareasȱwhereȱtheȱmostȱbreaksȱoccurȱareȱatȱtheȱ junctionsȱofȱhistoricȱtoȱmodern,ȱsuchȱasȱtheȱrecessedȱcentralȱportionȱofȱ#208Ȭ12ȱ

(Figureȱ17ȱandȱImageȱ26)ȱandȱwhereȱ#228Ȭ30ȱmeetsȱ#232ȱ(Imageȱ19).ȱThisȱisȱoneȱ wayȱthatȱtheȱmodernȱbuildingsȱdistinguishȱthemselvesȱandȱnew.ȱSomeȱofȱtheȱ breaksȱareȱsubtle,ȱbeingȱaȱslightȱrecessionȱfromȱtheȱfaçadeȱplaneȱofȱtheȱadjacentȱ historicȱstructures,ȱwhileȱothersȱcreateȱdeepȱrecessesȱthat,ȱfromȱtheȱpointȱofȱviewȱ

ȱ 72ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ ofȱaȱpedestrian,ȱcanȱappearȱasȱgapsȱinȱtheȱstreetwall.ȱ

Theȱpatternȱcreatedȱbyȱtheȱentrancesȱisȱanotherȱlayerȱofȱtheȱstreetscape.ȱ

Mostȱofȱtheȱentrancesȱareȱatȱtheȱsidewalkȱedge,ȱwhichȱisȱtheȱcustomȱinȱ

Philadelphia.ȱInȱFiguresȱ4ȱandȱ11ȱ(northȱandȱsouth)ȱtheȱpatternȱofȱentrancesȱisȱ laidȱout,ȱandȱitȱisȱapparentȱthatȱtheyȱallȱopenȱdirectlyȱontoȱtheȱstreet.ȱTheȱ entrancesȱonȱtheȱsouthȱsideȱareȱcloserȱtogetherȱandȱcreateȱaȱmoreȱregularȱpatternȱ thanȱonȱtheȱnorthȱside,ȱwhereȱtheȱheightsȱareȱmoreȱirregular.ȱThereȱareȱnoȱyardsȱ orȱspaceȱbetweenȱtheȱsidewalkȱandȱtheȱbuildingȱfaçade.ȱMostȱofȱtheȱentrancesȱareȱ throughȱstairsȱperpendicularȱtoȱtheȱfaçade.ȱThereȱareȱonlyȱaȱfewȱcasesȱwhereȱtheȱ staircaseȱisȱparallelȱtoȱtheȱbuildingȱplane.ȱThereȱisȱvariationȱinȱtheȱheightȱofȱ entrancesȱtoȱtheȱground,ȱsomeȱbeingȱupȱonlyȱoneȱorȱtwoȱstepsȱwhileȱothersȱ almostȱhalfȱaȱstoryȱ(Imagesȱ7ȱandȱ8).ȱTheȱstairsȱprojectȱperpendicularȱtoȱtheȱ buildingȱfacadesȱintoȱtheȱsidewalk,ȱalongȱwithȱbasementȱbulkheadsȱforȱsomeȱofȱ theȱbuildingsȱ(Imagesȱ10ȱandȱ24).ȱ

WithȱtheȱoverlayȱofȱtheȱfoliageȱinȱFiguresȱ3ȱandȱ10,ȱtheȱpatternȱcreatedȱbyȱ theȱtreesȱalsoȱbecomesȱapparent.ȱAnotherȱimportantȱpatternȱisȱthatȱofȱtheȱverticalȱ

ȱ 73ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ baysȱcreatedȱbyȱfenestration,ȱillustratedȱinȱFiguresȱ6ȱandȱ13.ȱHere,ȱonceȱtheȱ detailsȱdisappear,ȱtheȱgeneralȱpatternȱisȱrevealed,ȱshowingȱgeneralȱevennessȱofȱ baysȱonȱtheȱnorthȱside,ȱwithȱaȱfewȱsectionsȱwiderȱapartȱthanȱothersȱbutȱanȱoverallȱ consistentȱrhythm.ȱTheȱsouthȱsideȱhasȱmoreȱirregularityȱbecauseȱinȱmanyȱ instancesȱtheȱwindowsȱfromȱoneȱfloorȱtoȱtheȱnextȱdoȱnotȱlineȱupȱvertically,ȱ creatingȱaȱmoreȱstaccatoȱpattern.ȱ

Whenȱwalkingȱdownȱtheȱstreet,ȱtheȱvariationȱinȱbuildingȱheightȱisȱmaskedȱ byȱtheȱtreesȱorȱbyȱtheȱpedestrian’sȱproximityȱtoȱtheȱbuildingȱfacades.ȱWhenȱtheȱ treesȱareȱinȱfullȱleaf,ȱtheȱtopȱofȱtheȱdwellingsȱdisappearȱ(Figuresȱ3ȱandȱ10).ȱTheȱ partȱofȱtheȱfacadesȱthatȱaffectȱperceptionȱtheȱmostȱisȱtheȱbottomȱtwoȱstories.ȱ

Unlessȱtheȱviewerȱisȱspecificallyȱlookingȱup,ȱthereȱisȱaȱhomogeneousȱfeelȱtoȱtheȱ facadesȱthatȱareȱonlyȱbrokenȱslightlyȱbyȱtheȱmodernȱarchitecture.ȱȱ

Theȱfacadesȱareȱnotȱentirelyȱflat.ȱTheȱmainȱprojectingȱelementȱinȱadditionȱ toȱtheȱstairsȱisȱpentȱroofsȱonȱaȱfewȱofȱtheȱbuildingsȱ(Imagesȱ7,ȱ8ȱandȱ24).ȱTheseȱ addȱaȱsecondaryȱsightȱlineȱdownȱtheȱlengthȱofȱtheȱstreetȱandȱalsoȱaddȱtoȱtheȱ horizontalȱrhythmsȱacrossȱtheȱstreetwall.ȱInȱFiguresȱ7ȱandȱ14,ȱtheseȱpatternsȱareȱ

ȱ 74ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ simplifiedȱintoȱbandsȱofȱlinesȱthatȱcarryȱacrossȱdwellingȱunits.ȱTheyȱhighlightȱ continuityȱbutȱalsoȱmakeȱtheȱsubtleȱshiftsȱandȱbreaksȱmoreȱapparent.ȱȱ

Toȱgiveȱanȱideaȱofȱhowȱgreatlyȱtheȱblocksȱwereȱchangedȱduringȱtheȱ redevelopmentȱperiod,ȱaȱfewȱhistoricȱphotographsȱhaveȱbeenȱincluded.ȱTheȱ imagesȱofȱtheȱnorthȱsideȱofȱtheȱstreetȱ(Imagesȱ12Ȭ15)ȱareȱrecordsȱofȱtheȱchangesȱ thatȱwereȱmadeȱtoȱtheseȱbuildingsȱsinceȱtheirȱinitialȱconstruction.ȱInȱImageȱ12,ȱ tallestȱbuildingȱisȱwhereȱ#215ȱnowȱstands.ȱTheȱfacadesȱofȱ#221Ȭ227ȱhaveȱbeenȱ drasticallyȱchanged,ȱasȱseenȱinȱImageȱ13.ȱTheȱtwoȱstructuresȱinȱtheȱcenterȱofȱ

Imageȱ14ȱareȱ#239Ȭ41.ȱTheȱmostȱtellingȱphotographȱisȱImageȱ15,ȱshowingȱ structuresȱwhereȱaȱgardenȱnowȱexistsȱinȱtheȱlotȱnextȱtoȱ#ȱ251.ȱForȱtheȱsouthȱsideȱofȱ theȱstreet,ȱtheȱbuildingȱinȱtheȱcenterȱofȱImageȱ27ȱisȱ#216.ȱIt,ȱalongȱwithȱitsȱtwinȱ

#214,ȱwereȱstrippedȱofȱtheȱalterationsȱseenȱinȱthisȱpicture.ȱImageȱ28ȱshowsȱtheȱ entranceȱtoȱDrinker’sȱCourt.ȱSimilarȱalterationsȱwereȱmadeȱtoȱtheseȱstructures.ȱInȱ theȱcenterȱofȱImageȱ29ȱareȱ#218ȱandȱ220.ȱInȱthisȱimage,ȱtheyȱhaveȱaȱfourthȱstory,ȱ whichȱwasȱremovedȱduringȱtheȱredevelopmentȱperiod.ȱȱ

Theȱoverallȱeffectȱofȱtheseȱmodernȱbuildingsȱonȱtheȱstreetscapeȱofȱthisȱ

ȱ 75ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ blockȱisȱmoderate,ȱbecauseȱtheȱbuildingsȱareȱallȱImitatorsȱandȱContextuals.ȱTheyȱ areȱnotȱoverlyȱdisruptiveȱwithȱvastȱdifferencesȱinȱheight,ȱscale,ȱmaterials,ȱorȱ color,ȱandȱbecauseȱtheȱhistoricȱarchitectureȱisȱvariedȱalongȱtheȱstreet,ȱtheseȱ modernȱbuildingsȱaddȱtoȱtheȱheterogeneousȱcharacterȱofȱtheȱblock.ȱTheȱoverallȱ senseȱofȱplaceȱremainsȱintactȱbecauseȱtheȱvariousȱlayersȱofȱhistoryȱaddȱtoȱtheȱ characterȱofȱtheȱblockȱandȱallȱofȱtheȱdwellingsȱenhanceȱtheȱoriginalȱpedestrianȱ scaleȱandȱorientation.ȱHere,ȱaȱhealthyȱevolutionȱofȱarchitecturalȱstylesȱisȱ apparent.ȱ

ȱ 76ȱ ȱ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ ˜›‘ȱ’Ž ŘŖŖȱ•˜Œ”ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽ –ŠŽȱŗ

ŘŖşȱ ŘŖŝȱ ŘŖśȱ ŘŖřȱ ŘŖŗȱ ŗşŜŚȱ ˜œ‘žŠȱ’œ‘ ŗşŜŚȱ ˜œ‘žŠȱ’œ‘ ŗşŜŚȱ ˜œ‘žŠȱ’œ‘ ŗşŜŚȱ ˜œ‘žŠȱ’œ‘ ŗşŜŚȱ ˜œ‘žŠȱ’œ‘

–ŠŽȱŘ

Řŗśȱ Řŗřȱ Řŗŗȱ ŗşşşȱŽ Ž•ȱ ŠŒ˜‹œŽ— ŗşŜŚȱ ˜œ‘žŠȱ’œ‘ ŗşŜŚȱ ˜œ‘žŠȱ’œ‘

ŝŝ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ

–ŠŽȱř

ŘŘřȱ ŘŘŗȱ Řŗşȱ Řŗŝȱ ŗşŜŘȱŠŒŠŽȱ›Žœ˜›Ž ŗşŞś ŗŝśŖȬśŞȱŠ–žŽ•ȱ‘˜Žœ ŗşŜŖȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‹¢ȱǯȱŽ•œ˜—ȱ —Ž›œ˜— ŗşŜŚȱŠ•Ž›Žȱ‹¢ȱ˜‹Ž›ȱǯȱ›ž–™ ȱǻȬŗŖśŝǼ –ŠŽȱŚ

Řřŗȱ ŘŘşȱ ŘŘŝȱ ŘŘśȱ ŗŞŚŜȱ˜›ȱ’••’Š–ȱŠ—ȱ›Š—Œ’œȱŠ›™Ž—Ž› ŗŞŚŜȱ˜›ȱ’••’Š–ȱŠ—ȱ›Š—Œ’œȱŠ›™Ž—Ž› ŗşŗśȱŒ˜›—’ŒŽȱ›Ž™•ŠŒŽȱŠ—ȱꛎȱŽœŒŠ™ŽȱŠŽ ŗşŜŗȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‹¢ȱǯȱŽ•œ˜—ȱ ŗşŝřȱ›Žœ˜›Ž ŗşŜŖȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‹¢ȱ Ž›‹Ž›ȱ’—˜”ž› —Ž›œ˜— ŝŞ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ

–ŠŽȱś

ŘŚŗȱ Řřşȱ ŘřśȬřŝȱȱ Řřřȱ ŗŞŗŗȱ˜›ȱ ˜œŽ™‘ȱŽŠ‘Ž›’•• ŗŞŗŗȱ˜›ȱ ˜œŽ™‘ȱŽŠ‘Ž›’•• ŗşŝŖȱ Š–Žœȱǯȱ ’œŽȱǭȱ˜•Š—ȱǯȱŠŸ’Žœ ŗŞŗŗȱ˜›ȱ ˜œŽ™‘ȱŽŠ‘Ž›’•• ŗşŜŘȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‹¢ȱ ˜‘—ȱǯȱ ŗşŜŘȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‹¢ȱ˜•Š—ȱ ȱǻȬŗřŞŗǼ ŗşśşȱ›Žœ˜›Ž ŠŒ”œŽŽ› ǯȱŠŸ’Žœ

–ŠŽȱŜ

Řśŗȱ ŘŚřȱ ŗŝŞřȬşşȱ ˜‘—ȱ Š•• ŗŞŗŖȱ ˜‘—ȱŠ›—Ž› ŗşŜśȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‹¢ȱ˜•ȱŽ˜¢ȱŠ›” ŗşŜśȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‹¢ȱ˜•ȱŽ˜¢ȱ Š›” ŗşŞŗȱꛎȱŠ–ŠŽȱ›Ž™Š’›Žȱ‹¢ȱ ŝş ˜•Š—ȱǯȱŠŸ’Žœ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ –ŠŽȱŝ ˜›‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ ‘ŽȱŘŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ œ›ŽŽȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ —˜›‘ Žœȱ ›˜–ȱŽŒ˜—ȱ ›ŽŽǯ

–ŠŽȱŞ ˜›‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ ‘ŽȱŘŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ œ›ŽŽȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ Žœȱ›˜–ȱ ŽŒ˜—ȱ›ŽŽǯ

ŞŖ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ –ŠŽȱş ˜›‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ ‘ŽȱŘŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ œ›ŽŽȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ —˜›‘ Žœȱ –’‹•˜Œ”ȱ ’‘ȱǛŘŗśȱ ’—ȱ‘Žȱ ˜›Ž›˜ž—ǯ

–ŠŽȱŗŖ ˜›‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ ‘ŽȱŘŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ œ›ŽŽȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ ŽŠœȱ›˜–ȱ ‘’›ȱ›ŽŽǯ

Şŗ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ

˜›ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŘŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ˜ȱ –ŠŽȱŗŗ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ Žœȱ ›˜–ȱǛŘŖŝǯ

ŞŘ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ –ŠŽȱŗŘ ˜›‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ ‘ŽȱŘŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ œ›ŽŽȱ’—ȱ ŗşśŝȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ —˜›‘ Žœȱ ›˜–ȱŽŒ˜—ȱ ›ŽŽȱŠȱ ǛŘŗřȬŘŗşǯȱ ǻ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’Šȱ ’œ˜›’ŒŠ•ȱ ˜––’œœ’˜—Ǽ

–ŠŽȱŗř ˜›‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ ‘ŽȱŘŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ ›ŽŽȱ’—ȱ ŗşśŝȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ —˜›‘ Žœȱ ŠȱǛŘŘŗȬŘŘŝǯȱ ǻ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’Šȱ ’œ˜›’ŒŠ•ȱ ˜––’œœ’˜—Ǽ

Şř ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ –ŠŽȱŗŚ ˜›‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ ‘ŽȱŘŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ œ›ŽŽȱ’—ȱ ŗşśŝȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ —˜›‘ Žœȱ ŠȱǛŘřşȬŘŚŗǯȱ ǻ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’Šȱ ’œ˜›’ŒŠ•ȱ ˜––’œœ’˜—Ǽ

–ŠŽȱŗś ˜›‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ ‘ŽȱŘŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ œ›ŽŽȱ’—ȱ ŗşŚŚȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ ŽŠœȱ›˜–ȱ ‘’›ȱ›ŽŽȱ ŠȱǛŘŚŗȬŘśŗǯȱ ǻ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’Šȱ ’œ˜›’ŒŠ•ȱ ˜––’œœ’˜—Ǽ

ŞŚ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ ˜ž‘ȱ’Ž ŘŖŖȱ•˜Œ”ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽ –ŠŽȱŗŜ

ŘŖŖȬŖŚ ŗŝŞŖȱ˜›ȱ’••’Š–ȱ˜››Ž•• ŗşŜŝȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‹¢ȱ ˜œŽ™‘ȱǯȱ ˜•Ž—

–ŠŽȱŗŝ

ŘŖŞȬŗŘ ŘŗŚ ŘŗŜ ŗşŝŖȱ Šœœ’—Ž›ȱǭȱŒ‘ Š– ŗŝśŜȱ ˜‘—ȱ ˜˜ ’—ǰȱ ŗŝśŜȱ ˜‘—ȱ ˜˜ ’—ǰȱ ŒŠ›™Ž—Ž› ŒŠ›™Ž—Ž› ŗşśŝȱ›Žœ˜›Ž ŗşŝřȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‹¢ȱ ˜‘—ȱ ǯȱž››’œ Şś ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ

–ŠŽȱŗŞ

ŘŗŞ ŘŘŖ ŘŘŘ ŘŘŚ ŗşŝŚȱ ˜‘—ȱ ǯȱž››’œŗşŝŖ ŗŞŚřȱ˜›ȱ ŠŒ˜‹ȱŽŠŸŽ›ȱǭȱ ŗŞŚřȱ˜›ȱ ŠŒ˜‹ȱŽŠŸŽ›ȱǭȱ Ž—›¢ȱ Ž—›¢ȱ˜•”–Š›ǰȱ ›ǯǰȱ›ŠŽȱŠ—ȱ ˜•”–Š›ǰȱ ›ǯǰȱ›ŠŽȱŠ—ȱœ˜ŸŽȱ œ˜ŸŽȱ–Š—žŠŒž›Ž›œ –Š—žŠŒž›Ž›œ ŗşŝŗȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‹¢ȱ••Š—ȱǯȱ ŗşŝŗȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‹¢ȱ••Š—ȱǯȱ Ž›”˜ ’£ Ž›”˜ ’£ –ŠŽȱŗş

ŘŘŜ ŘŘŞȬřŖȱ ŘřŘ ŗşŞřȱ Š››’—˜—ȱǭȱžȱœœ˜Œ’ŠŽœ ŗşŝŖȱ’Œ‘Ž••Ȧ ’ž›˜•Šȱœœ˜Œ’ŠŽœȱǭȱ˜¢ȱ˜••–Ž›ȱœœ˜Œ’ŠŽœ ŗŞŗŖȱŽŒŽ—Š—œȱ˜ȱ’Œ‘Š›ȱ›˜Œ”Ž— ŗşŜŘȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‹¢ȱǯȱŽ•œ˜—ȱ—Ž›œ˜—

ŞŜ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ

–ŠŽȱŘŖ

ŘřŚ ŘřŜ ŘřŞ ŘŚŖ ŗŞŗŖȱŽŒŽ—Š—œȱ˜ȱ’Œ‘Š›ȱ ŗŝŜśȱ ˜‘—ȱ›’—”Ž› ŗŝŜśȱ ˜‘—ȱ›’—”Ž› ŗşŜŗȱ ˜œŽ™‘ȱ›Š’œœ–Š— ›˜Œ”Ž— ŗşŜśȬŜŜȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‹¢ȱ Š›ȱ ŗşśŞȬśşȱ›Žœ˜›Ž ŗşŜŜȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‹¢ȱǯȱŽ•œ˜—ȱ ǯȱŠ›—ž– ȱǻȬŗřŘŜǼ —Ž›œ˜— –ŠŽȱŘŗ

ŘŚŘ ŘŚŚ ŘŚŜ ŘŚŞ ŗŝŞŖȱ˜›ȱ›¢˜›ȱŠ–’•¢ ŗŝŜŝȱ ˜œŽ™‘ȱŽ‘Ž›’•• ŗŝŜŚȬŝŗȱ Š–Žœȱ›Žœœ˜— ŗŞŝśȱŠ•Ž›Ž –’Ȭŗş‘ȱŒŽ—ž›¢ȱř›ȱ̘˜›ȱ ŗşŖŖȱ›’œȱ̘˜›ȱŒ˜—ŸŽ›Žȱ˜ȱ ŗşŜŖȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‹¢ȱ›ħ˜ȱ˜‹‹’ŽœœŽ— ŠŽ Œ˜––Ž›Œ’Š•ȱžœŽ ŗşśŞȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‹¢ȱŠ–žŽ•ȱ ŗşśşȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‹¢ȱŠ–žŽ•ȱǯȱŽĴœ Şŝ ǯȱŽĴœ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ

–ŠŽȱŘŘ

ŘśŖ ŗŞŘŜ ŗŞŝŝȱꛜȱ̘˜›ȱŒ˜—ŸŽ›Žȱ˜ȱŒ˜––Ž›Œ’Š•ȱžœŽ ŗşŜşȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‹¢ȱ ˜œ‘žŠȱ’œ‘

ŞŞ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ –ŠŽȱŘř ˜ž‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ ‘ŽȱŘŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ ›ŽŽȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ œ˜ž‘ Žœȱ ›˜–ȱŽŒ˜—ȱ ›ŽŽǯ

–ŠŽȱŘŚ ˜ž‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ ‘ŽȱŘŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ ›ŽŽȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ Žœȱ›˜–ȱ ǛŘśŖǯ

Şş ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ –ŠŽȱŘś ˜ž‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ ‘ŽȱŘŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ ›ŽŽȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ œ˜ž‘ Žœȱ ’‘ȱǛŘŖŖȱ ’—ȱ‘Žȱ ˜›Ž›˜ž—ǯ

–ŠŽȱŘŜ ˜ž‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ ‘ŽȱŘŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ ›ŽŽȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ Žœȱ ’‘ȱ ǛŘŖŞȬŗŘȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ ˜›Ž›˜ž—ǯ

şŖ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ

˜ž‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŘŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽȱ’—ȱŗşřŗȱ –ŠŽȱŘŝ ȬȱǛŘŗŚȬŘŗŜǯȱǻ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’Šȱ ’œ˜›’ŒŠ•ȱ˜––’œœ’˜—Ǽ

˜ž‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŘŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽȱ’—ȱŗşśŝȱ –ŠŽȱŘŞ Ȭȱ›’—”Ž›Ȃœȱ˜ž›ȱȬȱǛŘřŜȬŘřŞǯȱǻ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’Šȱ ’œ˜›’ŒŠ•ȱ ˜––’œœ’˜—Ǽ şŗ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ

˜ž‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŘŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ –ŠŽȱŘş ›ŽŽȱ’—ȱŗşřŗȱ•˜˜”’—ȱœ˜ž‘ŽŠœȱ›˜–ȱ ‘’›ȱ›ŽŽǯȱǻ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’Šȱ ’œ˜›’ŒŠ•ȱ ˜––’œœ’˜—Ǽ

şŘ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ 100ȱBlockȱDelanceyȱStreetȱ

Mapȱ11ȱisȱanȱoverviewȱmapȱofȱtheȱdistributionȱofȱhistoricȱtoȱmodernȱ buildings.ȱAlongȱwithȱTableȱ2,ȱitȱprovidesȱaȱbriefȱglimpseȱofȱtheȱconstructionȱ historyȱofȱtheȱblock.ȱ

NorthȱSideȱȱ

AllȱofȱtheȱdwellingsȱonȱthisȱsideȱofȱtheȱblockȱwereȱdesignedȱbyȱLouisȱ

Sauerȱandȱconstructedȱinȱ1970ȱasȱpartȱofȱPenn’sȱLandingȱSquare,ȱaȱcourtyardȱ developmentȱthatȱencompassesȱtheȱblockȱbetweenȱFrontȱandȱSecondȱStreets,ȱandȱ

SpruceȱandȱDelanceyȱStreetsȱ(Imagesȱ30Ȭ34).ȱTheȱfacadesȱthatȱfaceȱDelanceyȱ

Streetȱareȱtheȱbackyardsȱofȱtheȱcondominiumsȱbuiltȱaroundȱtheȱperimeterȱofȱtheȱ lot.ȱItȱisȱaȱcontinuousȱbrickȱwallȱinterruptedȱbyȱaȱrhythmȱofȱmetalȱentranceȱgatesȱ andȱfences.ȱBecauseȱtheyȱwereȱbuiltȱsimultaneously,ȱtheyȱformȱaȱcohesiveȱfaçadeȱ alongȱtheȱblock,ȱwithȱvariationsȱinȱheightȱthatȱaddȱaȱrhythmȱnotȱunlikeȱthatȱofȱtheȱ buildingsȱacrossȱtheȱstreet.ȱ

SouthȱSideȱ–ȱConstructionȱHistoryȱ

Fiveȱofȱtheȱsixteenȱbuildingsȱonȱthisȱsideȱofȱtheȱblockȱwereȱbuiltȱduringȱtheȱ

ȱ 93ȱ ȱ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ Š™ȱŗŗ ŗŖŖȱ•˜Œ”ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽ

Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽ ؗȱ›ŽŽ ›˜—ȱ›ŽŽ

–™Ž›Ÿ’˜žœȱž›ŠŒŽȱŠ¢Ž›ǰȱ’¢ȱ˜ȱ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’Šǰȱ ›ŽŽ›Ž—ŒŽȱ›˜–ȱŽ——œ¢•ŸŠ—’Šȱ™Š’Š•ȱŠŠȱŒŒŽœœȱǻǼȱ ’‘ȱŠž‘˜›ȂœȱŠ•Ž›Š’˜—œ

şŚ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ Š‹•ŽȱŘ ŗŖŖȱ•˜Œ”ȱ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽȱ˜—œ›žŒ’˜—ȱŠŽœȱŠ—ȱ›Œ‘’ŽŒœ

˜›‘ȱ’Ž ˜ž‘ȱ’Ž •ȱǛ ž’• ›’›Œ‘’ŽŒ •ȱǛ ž’• ›’›Œ‘’ŽŒ ŗŖŗ ŗşŝŖ ˜ž’œȱŠžŽ› ŗŖŖ ŗşŝŖ ˜ž’œȱŠžŽ› ŗŖś ŗşŝŖ ˜ž’œȱŠžŽ› ŗŖŘ ŗşŝŖ —”—˜ — ŗŖŝ ŗşŝŖ ˜ž’œȱŠžŽ› ŗŖŚ ŗŝşŜ —”—˜ — ŗŖş ŗşŝŖ ˜ž’œȱŠžŽ› ŗŖŞ ŗŝŜś —”—˜ — ŗŗŗ ŗşŝŖ ˜ž’œȱŠžŽ› ŗŗŖ ŗşŜŝ ’Œ‘Ž••Ȧ ’ž›˜•Š ŗŗř ŗşŝŖ ˜ž’œȱŠžŽ› ŗŗŚ ŗŝŝś ‘˜–Šœȱ˜››’œ ŗŗś ŗşŝŖ ˜ž’œȱŠžŽ› ŗŗŜ ŗşŜŖ —”—˜ — ŗŗŝ ŗşŝŖ ˜ž’œȱŠžŽ› ŗŘŖ ŗŞŘś ˜œŽ™‘ȱǯȱžĴ˜— ŗŗş ŗşŝŖ ˜ž’œȱŠžŽ› ŗŘŘ ŗŞŗŖ ’••’Š–ȱŽž’›Ž ŗŘŗ ŗşŝŖ ˜ž’œȱŠžŽ› ŗŘŚ ŗŞŗŖ ’••’Š–ȱŽž’›Ž ŗŘř ŗşŝŖ ˜ž’œȱŠžŽ› ŗŘŜ ŗŞŗŖ —”—˜ — ŗŘŝ ŗşŝŖ ˜ž’œȱŠžŽ› ŗŘŞ ŗŝŜŖ ˜‘—ȱ ˜˜ ’—ǰȱ ›ǯ ŗřŖ ŗŝŜŖ ˜‘—ȱ ˜˜ ’—ǰȱ ›ǯ ŗřŜ ŗşŜś —”—˜ —

şś 6RXWK6LGHEORFNRI'HODQFH\6WUHHW Šœ Žœ

             ’ž›Žȱŗ 3KRWRPRQWDJHRI6WUHHWVFDSH

             ’ž›ŽȱŘ 2XWOLQH'UDZLQJRI6WUHHWVFDSH

’ž›Žȱř 6WUHHWVFDSHZLWK)ROLDJHDQG6WUHHW)XUQLWXUH şŜ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ redevelopmentȱperiod,ȱandȱthereȱareȱalsoȱtwoȱlotsȱconvertedȱtoȱgardens.ȱAnȱ overviewȱofȱthisȱblockȱisȱillustratedȱinȱFigureȱ15.ȱȱ

ƒ #100:ȱ(Imageȱ35)ȱBuiltȱatȱtheȱsameȱtimeȱasȱPenn’sȱLandingȱSquare,ȱalsoȱbyȱ

LouisȱSauer.ȱItȱisȱalsoȱknownȱasȱ328ȱS.ȱFrontȱStreet,ȱwithȱtheȱentranceȱonȱthatȱ

side.ȱȱ

ƒ #102:ȱ(Imageȱ35)ȱConstructedȱinȱ1970.ȱȱ

ƒ #104ȱandȱ#106:ȱ(Imageȱ36)ȱTwoȱnarrowȱthreeȱandȱoneȬhalfȱstoryȱdwellingsȱ

fromȱ1796.ȱTheseȱtwoȱbuildingsȱhadȱbeenȱalteredȱinȱtheȱlateȱ1800s,ȱandȱinȱ1967ȱ

wereȱcompletelyȱrestoredȱtoȱaȱresidentialȱfaçadeȱbyȱarchitectȱCurtisȱSeibert.ȱȱ

ƒ #108:ȱ(Imageȱ36)ȱAȱfourȱbayȱstructureȱbuiltȱinȱ1765ȱwithȱtheȱgroundȱfloorȱ

façadeȱrebuiltȱinȱ1963ȱbyȱarchitectȱJohnȱD.ȱSacksteder.ȱȱ

ƒ #110Ȭ12:ȱ(Imageȱ36)ȱAȱsetȱofȱmirroredȱbuildingsȱdesignedȱbyȱ

Mitchell/Giurgola,ȱbuiltȱinȱ1967.ȱȱ

ƒ #114:ȱ(Imageȱ37)ȱBuiltȱinȱ1775ȱbyȱThomasȱMorrisȱandȱtheȱfrontȱfaçadeȱwasȱ

repairedȱinȱ1966ȱbyȱarchitectȱA.ȱHaroldȱGregory.ȱȱ

ƒ #116Ȭ18ȱ(Imageȱ37)ȱAȱgardenȱwallȱpartiallyȱobscuresȱtheȱfaçadeȱofȱtheȱnextȱ

building,ȱbuiltȱinȱ1960.ȱȱ

ȱ 97ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ ƒ #120:ȱ(Imageȱ37)ȱBuiltȱinȱ1825ȱbyȱJosephȱL.ȱDutton,ȱaȱhouseȱcarpenter,ȱandȱ

alteredȱinȱ1963ȱbyȱarchitectȱThomasȱH.ȱDiGiorgio.ȱȱ

ƒ #122ȱandȱ#124:ȱ(Imageȱ37ȱandȱ38)ȱBuiltȱbyȱWilliamȱMeguire,ȱaȱcabinetmakerȱinȱ

1810.ȱB.V.ȱSchleinȱrepairedȱandȱrestoredȱtheȱfaçadeȱinȱ1965.ȱȱ

ƒ #126ȱ(Imageȱ38)ȱBuiltȱinȱ1810ȱandȱalteredȱinȱ1965ȱbyȱJohnȱH.ȱBurris,ȱwhoȱ

replacedȱallȱofȱtheȱfaçadeȱelementsȱexceptȱtheȱbrick.ȱȱ

ƒ #128Ȭ30:ȱ(Imagesȱ38ȱandȱ46)ȱBuiltȱbyȱJohnȱGoodwin,ȱaȱcarpenter,ȱinȱ1760.ȱ#128ȱ

wasȱrestoredȱbyȱCurtisȱSeibertȱinȱ1963ȱandȱ#130ȱwasȱalteredȱinȱ1975ȱbyȱW.ȱ

GrayȱSmith.ȱȱ

ƒ #134Ȭ36:ȱ(Imageȱ39)ȱThisȱbuildingȱisȱaȱmodernȱhouseȱbuiltȱinȱ1965,ȱisȱalsoȱpartȱ

ofȱPenn’sȱLandingȱSquareȱandȱhasȱitsȱentranceȱonȱSecondȱStreet.ȱȱ

SouthȱSideȱ–ȱModernȱBuildingsȱ

Buildingȱlotsȱ#100ȱthroughȱ#112ȱ(Imagesȱ35ȱandȱ36)ȱwereȱoriginallyȱslatedȱ toȱbeȱdemolishedȱforȱIȬ95,ȱtheȱDelawareȱExpressway,40ȱbutȱtheȱplansȱlaterȱ changed.ȱOfȱtheȱsixȱbuildings,ȱthreeȱwereȱrestoredȱandȱtheȱotherȱthreeȱwereȱ replacedȱwithȱmodernȱstructures.ȱTheȱfirst,ȱ#100,ȱisȱaȱclearȱContrastor.ȱItȱisȱmadeȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 40ȱWright,ȱAndradeȱ&ȱAmentaȱArchitects.ȱWashingtonȱSquareȱEastȱUrbanȱRenewalȱAreaȱTechnicalȱReportȱMayȱ 1959.ȱPhiladelphia:ȱRedevelopmentȱAuthorityȱofȱtheȱCityȱofȱPhiladelphia,ȱ1959:ȱD10.ȱ ȱ 98ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ ofȱbrick,ȱlikeȱtheȱhistoricȱbuildings,ȱbutȱitȱhasȱanȱirregularȱroofȱprofileȱthatȱisȱaȱ truncatedȱgableȱend.ȱThereȱisȱalsoȱaȱprojectingȱbayȱwindowȱmadeȱmostlyȱofȱglassȱ thatȱchangesȱtheȱflatȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱstreetwall,ȱandȱaȱportionȱisȱfacedȱinȱwhiteȱ siding,ȱaȱmaterialȱnotȱconsistentȱwithȱtheȱhistoricȱfabric.ȱTheȱscaleȱofȱthisȱbuildingȱ isȱalsoȱlargerȱthanȱthatȱofȱanyȱofȱtheȱhistoricȱbuildingsȱonȱtheȱblock.ȱȱ

Aȱbrickȱgardenȱwallȱcontinuesȱtheȱfaçadeȱofȱ#100ȱtoȱthatȱofȱ#102,ȱwhichȱ alsoȱhasȱaȱprojectingȱbayȱwindowȱofȱglass.ȱThisȱwindowȱaltersȱtheȱedgeȱofȱtheȱ buildingȱandȱaddsȱdepthȱtoȱtheȱfaçade.ȱTheȱentranceȱisȱrecessedȱback,ȱunlikeȱtheȱ historicȱbuildings,ȱwhichȱtypicallyȱhadȱtheirȱdoorȱalignedȱwithȱtheirȱfaçade.ȱThisȱ buildingȱhasȱtwoȱbaysȱcreatedȱbyȱaȱlargeȱareaȱofȱglassȱnextȱtoȱoneȱofȱbrick,ȱ creatingȱaȱmodernȱsymmetryȱthatȱisȱmuchȱdifferentȱthanȱthatȱofȱtheȱhistoricȱ fabric.ȱȱ

Theȱnextȱmodernȱbuildingȱisȱ#110Ȭ12ȱ(Imagesȱ36ȱandȱ44).ȱItȱisȱaȱContextual.ȱ

Theȱlayoutȱisȱthatȱofȱaȱtraditionalȱtwinȱbuilding,ȱwithȱtheȱentrancesȱadjacentȱinȱ theȱcenter,ȱandȱwindowsȱflankingȱtheȱsides.ȱTheȱfenestrationȱvariesȱinȱsizeȱbutȱ hasȱaȱclearȱrhythmȱandȱpattern.ȱTheȱbuilding’sȱthreeȱbaysȱareȱeasilyȱdiscernableȱ

ȱ 99ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ andȱtheȱbuildingȱisȱclearlyȱinfluencedȱbyȱtheȱsurroundingȱhistoricȱarchitectureȱinȱ itsȱfaçadeȱlayoutȱwhileȱalsoȱexpressingȱitsȱmodernȱelements.ȱ

#ȱ116Ȭ18ȱ(Imagesȱ37,ȱ41ȱandȱ45)ȱisȱsetȱbackȱfromȱtheȱstreetȱbehindȱaȱbrickȱ wall.ȱTheȱbuildingȱisȱimmediatelyȱrecognizedȱasȱdifferentȱbecauseȱofȱtheȱfrontȱ garden.ȱTheȱarchitecturalȱelementsȱareȱveryȱdifferentȱfromȱtheȱsurroundingȱ architecture,ȱwithȱtheȱbandȱofȱwindowsȱjustȱbeneathȱtheȱrooflineȱandȱtheȱarchedȱ colonnadeȱonȱtheȱgroundȱfloor.ȱBecauseȱitȱisȱbackȱfromȱtheȱstreetȱandȱhiddenȱbyȱaȱ wallȱandȱfoliage,ȱitȱisȱdifficultȱtoȱseeȱitsȱinteractionȱwithȱtheȱstreetwallȱandȱinȱfactȱ itȱdoesȱnotȱinteractȱbutȱinsteadȱrecedesȱandȱwithdraws.ȱȱ

Theȱlastȱmodernȱbuildingȱisȱ#134Ȭ36ȱ(Imageȱ39).ȱItsȱentranceȱisȱonȱSecondȱ

StreetȱandȱitȱisȱobviousȱthatȱtheȱfaçadeȱonȱDelanceyȱStreetȱisȱsecondary.ȱThereȱareȱ onlyȱtwoȱwindowsȱandȱtheȱrestȱisȱaȱblankȱbrickȱwallȱwithȱnoȱarticulation.ȱItȱdoesȱ notȱengageȱtheȱhistoricȱfacadesȱorȱthisȱblockȱinȱanyȱwayȱandȱseemsȱmerelyȱ functional,ȱmakingȱitȱaȱContrastorȱbuildingȱlikeȱthoseȱonȱtheȱotherȱendȱofȱtheȱ block.ȱThereȱisȱnoȱpatternȱorȱdistinguishableȱlayoutȱtoȱtheȱsparseȱelementsȱonȱtheȱ façade.ȱ

ȱ 100ȱ ȱ 6RXWK6LGHEORFNRI'HODQFH\6WUHHW Šœ Žœ

’ž›ŽȱŚ (QWUDQFH5HODWLRQVKLS

’ž›Žȱś &RQWLQXLW\RI6WUHHWZDOO

’ž›ŽȱŜ 9HUWLFDO5K\WKP

’ž›Žȱŝ +RUL]RQWDO5K\WKP ŗŖŗ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ OverallȱBlockȱConditionsȱ

Thisȱblockȱisȱshorterȱthanȱtheȱ200ȱblockȱandȱmoreȱirregularȱbecauseȱofȱitsȱ proximityȱtoȱtheȱoldȱwarehousesȱthatȱusedȱtoȱbeȱalongȱtheȱwater,ȱmakingȱitȱ subjectȱtoȱmoreȱchangesȱandȱuses.ȱThereȱareȱnoȱsecondaryȱalleysȱorȱstreetsȱthatȱ connectȱtoȱthisȱstreetwallȱ(Mapȱ12).ȱTheȱsidewalksȱareȱsimilarȱtoȱthoseȱinȱtheȱ previousȱblockȱbecauseȱofȱtheȱdesignȱregulations,ȱcreatingȱaȱsimilarȱpedestrianȱ corridorȱdownȱtheȱmiddleȱofȱtheȱsidewalkȱ(Imagesȱ34ȱandȱ42).ȱOnȱtheȱnorthȱsideȱ ofȱtheȱstreet,ȱbecauseȱofȱtheȱlackȱofȱstairsȱandȱmainȱentrances,ȱthisȱcorridorȱisȱ widerȱandȱunobstructedȱonȱtheȱbuildingȱsideȱ(Imageȱ34).ȱTheȱsameȱstoneȬedgedȱ plantingȱbedsȱexistȱforȱtheȱtrees,ȱwhichȱareȱregularlyȱspacedȱdownȱtheȱblockȱonȱ bothȱsides.ȱȱ

Becauseȱofȱtheȱfewerȱnumberȱofȱbuildingȱunits,ȱthisȱblockȱdoesȱnotȱhaveȱ theȱcohesiveȱfeelȱofȱtheȱ200ȱBlock.ȱItȱappearsȱmoreȱdisjointedȱandȱirregularȱ becauseȱtheȱspaceȱisȱcompacted,ȱmakingȱtheȱirregularityȱmoreȱapparent.ȱTheȱ historicȱbuildingsȱareȱsurroundedȱonȱthreeȱsidesȱbyȱmodernȱones,ȱacrossȱtheȱ streetȱandȱatȱtheȱtwoȱendsȱofȱtheȱblock.ȱThisȱcutsȱthemȱoffȱfromȱtheȱsurroundingȱ historicȱfabricȱofȱtheȱneighborhood.ȱOfȱtheȱsixteenȱdwellingȱunits,ȱsixȱareȱmodern,ȱ

ȱ 102ȱ ȱ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ Š™ȱŗŘ ŗŖŖȱ•˜Œ”ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽȱȬȱŠ—‹˜›—ȱŠ™

’›Žȱ’—œž›Š—ŒŽȱ–Š™œȱ›˜–ȱ‘ŽȱŠ—‹˜›—ȱŠ™ȱ˜–™Š—¢ǰȱ›ŽŽȱ’‹›Š›¢ȱ˜ȱ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’ŠǰȱŘŖŖŚǯ

ŗŖř Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ butȱtheȱmodernȱbuildingsȱareȱlarger,ȱthereforeȱtakingȱmoreȱspaceȱonȱtheȱblock.ȱInȱ

Figureȱ16,ȱanȱoutlineȱdrawingȱofȱtheȱsouthȱsideȱofȱtheȱblock,ȱtheȱthreeȱlargestȱ massesȱofȱmodernȱbuildingsȱareȱeasyȱtoȱpickȱoutȱbecauseȱofȱtheȱlargerȱratioȱofȱ wallȬtoȬwindowȱthanȱinȱaȱhistoricȱbuilding.ȱTheȱlargeȱareasȱofȱbrickȱareȱeasilyȱ discernableȱinȱtheȱphotomontageȱinȱFigureȱ15.ȱȱTheseȱthreeȱbuildingsȱalsoȱhaveȱ squatterȱproportions.ȱTheȱthreeȱvoidsȱformedȱbyȱtheȱtwoȱgardensȱ(Imageȱ40),ȱonȱ eitherȱend,ȱandȱtheȱrecessedȱconstructionȱofȱ#116Ȭ18ȱ(Imageȱ41)ȱmidȬblockȱcreateȱ breaksȱinȱtheȱstreetwallȱthatȱcauseȱaȱgreaterȱdisruptionȱthanȱonȱotherȱblocksȱ becauseȱofȱtheȱtruncatedȱlengthȱofȱthisȱblock.ȱTheȱthreeȱandȱoneȬhalfȱstoryȱ buildingsȱareȱroughlyȱtheȱsameȱheight,ȱbutȱtheȱabruptȱchangeȱinȱheightȱofȱtheȱfewȱ shorterȱbuildingsȱandȱtheȱgardenȱlotsȱcausesȱaȱlossȱofȱcontinuity.ȱ

InȱFigureȱ19,ȱthisȱdiscontinuityȱisȱmoreȱapparent.ȱEvenȱthoughȱthereȱisȱaȱ continuousȱstreetwallȱsurfaceȱofȱsomeȱkindȱalongȱbothȱsidesȱofȱtheȱstreet,ȱeitherȱ buildingȱfaçadeȱorȱgardenȱwall,ȱtheȱmodernȱbuildingsȱcauseȱbreaksȱandȱ disruptionsȱinȱtheȱstreetwallȱwithȱprojectingȱandȱrecessedȱelementsȱ(Imageȱ43).ȱ

Theȱthreeȱgapsȱinȱtheȱblockȱareȱmadeȱmoreȱapparentȱhereȱwhenȱonlyȱtheȱ continuityȱofȱtheȱstreetwallȱisȱshown.ȱȱ

ȱ 104ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ Anotherȱimportantȱaspectȱisȱtheȱrhythmȱofȱtheȱentrancesȱandȱtheȱ connectionȱofȱthemȱtoȱtheȱstreet.ȱInȱFigureȱ18,ȱtheȱirregularȱrhythmȱofȱdoorwaysȱ isȱhighlyȱvisible,ȱalongȱwithȱtheȱunevenȱdistributionȱalongȱtheȱblock.ȱThisȱisȱ counteredȱbyȱtheȱveryȱregularȱrhythmȱofȱtheȱmodernȱcomplexȱonȱtheȱnorthȱsideȱ ofȱtheȱblockȱ(Imageȱ33).ȱTheȱentrancesȱtoȱtheȱmodernȱbuildingsȱatȱeitherȱendȱofȱ theȱblockȱareȱnotȱonȱthisȱstreet,ȱcausingȱtheseȱbuildingsȱtoȱturnȱtheirȱbackȱonȱthisȱ block.ȱTheȱentrancesȱofȱtheȱotherȱthreeȱmodernȱbuildings,ȱ#202,ȱ#210Ȭ12,ȱandȱ

#116Ȭ18,ȱareȱrecessedȱbackȱfromȱtheȱstreet.ȱManyȱofȱtheȱContextualsȱandȱ

Contrastorsȱhaveȱentrancesȱthatȱareȱdisconnectedȱfromȱtheȱstreetȱandȱsidewalk.ȱȱ

Aȱthirdȱlayerȱthatȱexistsȱisȱtheȱpatternȱofȱfoliageȱandȱstreetȱfurniture.ȱ

Figureȱ17ȱoverlaysȱtheȱtreesȱandȱstreetlampsȱontoȱtheȱdrawingȱofȱtheȱbuildingȱ façades.ȱTheȱpatternȱofȱtreesȱisȱmoreȱirregularȱthanȱonȱtheȱ200ȱblock,ȱbutȱtheȱ streetlampsȱareȱstillȱevenlyȱspaced.ȱTheseȱtreesȱdoȱnotȱmaskȱtheȱrooflinesȱofȱtheȱ buildingsȱasȱmuchȱasȱonȱtheȱpreviousȱblock.ȱBecauseȱofȱtheirȱirregularȱspacesȱandȱ variationȱinȱsize,ȱthereȱareȱgapsȱinȱtheȱgreenȱthatȱallowȱtheȱpedestrianȱtoȱseeȱmoreȱ clearlyȱtheȱfullȱfacadesȱofȱsomeȱofȱtheȱdwellings.ȱȱ

ȱ 105ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ Theȱlastȱtwoȱrhythmicȱaspectsȱareȱtheȱverticalȱrhythmȱcreatedȱbyȱtheȱ fenestration,ȱandȱtheȱhorizontalȱrhythmȱcreatedȱbyȱcorniceȱlines,ȱshedȱroofsȱandȱ patternsȱinȱtheȱfacades.ȱTheȱverticalȱrhythm,ȱillustratedȱinȱFigureȱ20,ȱhasȱaȱlotȱofȱ irregularity.ȱManyȱofȱtheȱwindowsȱonȱtheȱhistoricȱbuildingsȱdoȱnotȱlineȱupȱ verticallyȱfromȱtheȱtopȱlevelȱtoȱtheȱgroundȱlevel,ȱcreatingȱanȱoffsetȱpattern,ȱandȱ theȱmodernȱbuildingsȱhaveȱaȱdifferentȱrhythmȱthatȱisȱwiderȱandȱmoreȱirregular.ȱ

Figureȱ21ȱabstractsȱtheȱhorizontalȱrhythm.ȱThisȱisȱaȱbitȱmoreȱregularȱthanȱtheȱ verticalȱrhythm,ȱbutȱatȱtheȱendsȱofȱtheȱblockȱthereȱisȱmoreȱoscillationȱinȱtheȱ patternȱbecauseȱtheȱwindowsȱareȱplacedȱfurtherȱapartȱandȱmoreȱirregularly.ȱȱ

Onȱthisȱblock,ȱtheȱbuildingsȱonȱtheȱnorthȱsideȱofȱtheȱstreetȱwereȱcompletelyȱ demolishedȱandȱinȱaȱhistoricȱimageȱtakenȱinȱ1968ȱ(Imageȱ47),ȱtheȱmodernȱ buildingsȱofȱPenn’sȱLandingȱSquareȱhaveȱnotȱbegunȱconstructionȱyetȱandȱtheȱ entireȱlengthȱofȱtheȱsouthȱsideȱofȱtheȱblockȱisȱvisible.ȱByȱtheȱtimeȱthisȱimageȱwasȱ taken,ȱmostȱofȱtheȱotherȱworkȱhadȱalreadyȱbeenȱdoneȱonȱtheȱblock,ȱandȱ#110Ȭ12ȱ canȱbeȱseenȱstillȱinȱconstruction.ȱTheȱmodernȱstreetlampȱseenȱinȱImageȱ48ȱhasȱ beenȱreplacedȱbyȱtheȱhistoricȱFranklinȱgasȬlampȱtypeȱseenȱinȱtheȱforegroundȱofȱ theȱpreviousȱimage.ȱImageȱ48ȱcontainsȱ#122Ȭ130ȱandȱitȱcanȱbeȱseenȱthatȱtheȱ

ȱ 106ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ changesȱwereȱnotȱoverlyȱdrastic.ȱTheȱmainȱchangeȱisȱanȱadditionȱofȱtheȱpentȱroofȱ ontoȱ#128Ȭ30ȱandȱtheȱadditionȱofȱshutters.ȱȱ

Thisȱblockȱpossessesȱmoreȱdisruptionȱofȱhistoricȱfabricȱthanȱtheȱotherȱtwoȱ blocksȱinȱtheȱstudyȱarea.ȱTheȱlargeȱgapsȱthatȱcreateȱholesȱinȱtheȱfaçadeȱalongȱwithȱ theȱbayȱwindowsȱofȱ#200ȱandȱ#202ȱdrawȱattentionȱawayȱfromȱtheȱstreetwall.ȱTheȱ continuityȱofȱtheȱhistoricȱstructuresȱisȱdisruptedȱbyȱtheȱmodernȱbuildings.ȱȱ

ȱ 107ȱ ȱ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ ˜›‘ȱ’Ž ŗŖŖȱ•˜Œ”ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽ

˜›‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŗŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ –ŠŽȱřŖ —˜›‘ŽŠœǯȱ›˜–ȱŽŒ˜—ȱ›ŽŽǯ

˜›‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŗŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ –ŠŽȱřŗ —˜›‘ŽŠœǯȱ–’‹•˜Œ”ǯ ŗŖŞ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ

˜›‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŗŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ –ŠŽȱřŘ —˜›‘ŽŠœǯȱ–’‹•˜Œ”ǯ

˜›‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŗŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ –ŠŽȱřř —˜›‘ Žœȱ–’‹•˜Œ”ǯ

ŗŖş ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ

˜›‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŗŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ –ŠŽȱřŚ ›ŽŽȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ Žœȱ›˜–ȱ›˜—ȱ›ŽŽǯ

ŗŗŖ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ ˜ž‘ȱ’Ž ŗŖŖȱ•˜Œ”ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽ –ŠŽȱřś

ŗŖŖ ŗŖŘ ŗşŝŖȱ˜ž’œȱŠžŽ› ŗşŝŖ

–ŠŽȱřŜ

ŗŖŚȬŖŜ ŗŖŞ ŗŗŖȬŗŘ ŗŝşŜ ŗŝŜś ŗşŜŝȱ’Œ‘Ž••Ȧ ’ž›˜•Š ŗşŜŝȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‹¢ȱž›’œȱŽ’‹Ž› ŗşŜřȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‹¢ȱ ˜‘—ȱǯȱŠŒ”œŽŽ›

ŗŗŗ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ

–ŠŽȱřŝ

ŗŗŚ ŗŗŜȬŗŞȱ ŗŘŖ ŗŘŘ ŗŝŝśȱ‘˜–Šœȱ˜››’œ ŗşŜŖ ŗŞŘśȱ ˜œŽ™‘ȱǯȱžĴ˜—ǰȱ ŗŞŗŖȱ’••’Š–ȱŽž’›ŽǰȱŒŠ‹’Ȭ ŗşŜŜȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‹¢ȱ Š›˜•ȱǯȱ ‘˜žœŽȱŒŠ›™Ž—Ž› —Ž–Š”Ž› ›Ž˜›¢ ŗşŜřȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‹¢ȱ‘˜–Šœȱ ŗşŜśȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‹¢ȱǯǯȱŒ‘•Ž’— ǯȱ’ ’˜›’˜ –ŠŽȱřŞ

ŗŘŚ ŗŘŜ ŗŘŞ ŗřŖ ŗŞŗŖȱ’••’Š–ȱŽž’›Žǰȱ ŗŞŗŖ ŗŝŜŖȱ ˜‘—ȱ ˜˜ ’—ǰȱŠ›™Ž—Ž› ŒŠ‹’—Ž–Š”Ž› ŗşŜśȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‹¢ȱ ˜‘—ȱ ǯȱ ŗşŜřȱŠ•Ž›Š’˜—œȱ‹¢ȱ ŗşŝśȱŠ•Ž›Š’˜—œȱ‹¢ȱǯȱ ŗşŜśȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‹¢ȱǯǯȱ ž››’œ ž›’œȱŽ’‹Ž› ›Š¢ȱ–’‘ Œ‘•Ž’— ŗŗŘ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ

–ŠŽȱřş

ŗřŚȬřŜ ŗşŜś

˜ž‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŗŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽȱ –ŠŽȱŚŖ •˜˜”’—ȱŽŠœȱ›˜–ȱŽŒ˜—ȱ›ŽŽǯ ŗŗř ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ –ŠŽȱŚŗ ˜ž‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ ‘ŽȱŗŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ ›ŽŽȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ œ˜ž‘ŽŠœȱ ’‘ȱǛŗŗŜȬŗŞǯ

–ŠŽȱŚŘ ˜ž‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ ‘ŽȱŗŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ ›ŽŽȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ Žœȱ›˜–ȱ ›˜—ȱ›ŽŽǯ

ŗŗŚ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ

˜ž‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŗŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ –ŠŽȱŚř œ˜ž‘ ŽœȱŠȱǛŗŖŘȱ’—ȱ‘ŽȱŒŽ—Ž›ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ’–ŠŽǯ

˜ž‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŗŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ –ŠŽȱŚŚ œ˜ž‘ ŽœȱŠȱǛŗŗŖȬŗŘȱ’—ȱŒŽ—Ž›ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ’–ŠŽǯ

ŗŗś ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ –ŠŽȱŚś ˜ž‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ ‘ŽȱŗŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ ›ŽŽȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ œ˜ž‘ Žœȱ ŠȱǛŗŗŜȬŗŞȱ ’—ȱŒŽ—Ž›ȱ˜ȱ ™’Œž›Žǯ

–ŠŽȱŚŜ ˜ž‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ ‘ŽȱŗŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ ›ŽŽȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ œ˜ž‘ ŽȱŠȱ ǛŗŘŞȬřŖǯ

ŗŗŜ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ

˜ž‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŗŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽȱ’—ȱŗşŜŞȱǻ—˜Žȱ‘Žȱ –ŠŽȱŚŝ Ž–™¢ȱ•˜ȱ˜—ȱ‘Žȱ—˜›‘ȱœ’ŽǼǯȱǻ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’Šȱ ’œ˜›’ŒŠ•ȱ˜––’œœ’˜—Ǽ

˜ž‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŗŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽȱ’—ȱŗşśşȱŠȱǛŗŘŚȬŗřŖǯȱ –ŠŽȱŚŞ ǻ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’Šȱ ’œ˜›’ŒŠ•ȱ˜––’œœ’˜—Ǽ ŗŗŝ 1RUWK6LGHEORFNRI3LQH6WUHHW Žœ Šœ

               ’ž›ŽȱŘŘ 3KRWRPRQWDJHRI6WUHHWVFDSH

              

’ž›ŽȱŘř 2XWOLQH'UDZLQJRI6WUHHWVFDSH

’ž›ŽȱŘŚ 6WUHHWVFDSHZLWK)ROLDJHDQG6WUHHW)XUQLWXUH ŗŗŞ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ 600ȱBlockȱPineȱStreetȱ

Mapȱ13ȱisȱanȱoverviewȱofȱtheȱdistributionȱofȱhistoricȱtoȱmodernȱbuildings.ȱ

AlongȱwithȱTableȱ3,ȱitȱprovidesȱaȱbriefȱglimpseȱofȱtheȱconstructionȱhistoryȱofȱtheȱ block.ȱ

NorthȱSideȱ–ȱConstructionȱHistoryȱ

AnȱoverviewȱofȱthisȱblockȱisȱillustratedȱinȱFigureȱ22.ȱȱ

ƒ #601Ȭ605:ȱ(Imageȱ49)ȱTheȱfirstȱthreeȱlotsȱonȱtheȱblockȱbelongȱtoȱtheȱpropertyȱ

thatȱhasȱitsȱfrontȱonȱSixthȱStreet.ȱȱ

ƒ #605:ȱ(Imageȱ49)ȱContainedȱaȱbuildingȱinȱ1999,ȱbutȱitȱhasȱsinceȱbeenȱ

demolished.ȱȱ

ƒ #607:ȱ(Imageȱ49)ȱConstructedȱinȱ1990.ȱȱ

ƒ #609Ȭ11:ȱ(Imageȱ49)ȱBuiltȱinȱ1990ȱandȱisȱattachedȱtoȱ#613.ȱ

ƒ $613:ȱ(Imageȱ50)ȱBuiltȱinȱ1983ȱbyȱarchitectȱDavidȱPorter.ȱȱ

ƒ #615:ȱ(Imageȱ50)ȱBuiltȱinȱ1813ȱandȱitsȱColonialȱRevivalȱfaçadeȱwasȱconstructedȱ

inȱ1913ȱbyȱarchitectsȱMagazinerȱandȱPotter.ȱȱ

ƒ Theȱnextȱfourȱbuildingsȱwereȱconstructedȱinȱtheȱfirstȱthirdȱofȱtheȱtwentiethȱ

ȱ 119ȱ ȱ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ Š™ȱŗř ŜŖŖȱ•˜Œ”ȱ’—Žȱ›ŽŽ

’—Žȱ›ŽŽ ŝ‘ȱ›ŽŽ Ŝ‘ȱ›ŽŽ

–™Ž›Ÿ’˜žœȱž›ŠŒŽȱŠ¢Ž›ǰȱ’¢ȱ˜ȱ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’Šǰȱ ›ŽŽ›Ž—ŒŽȱ›˜–ȱŽ——œ¢•ŸŠ—’Šȱ™Š’Š•ȱŠŠȱŒŒŽœœȱǻǼȱ ’‘ȱŠž‘˜›ȂœȱŠ•Ž›Š’˜—œ

ŗŘŖ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ Š‹•Žȱř ŜŖŖȱ•˜Œ”ȱ˜ȱ’—Žȱ›ŽŽȱ˜—œ›žŒ’˜—ȱŠŽœȱŠ—ȱ›Œ‘’ŽŒœ

˜›‘ȱ’Ž ˜ž‘ȱ’Ž •ȱǛ ž’• ›’›Œ‘’ŽŒ •ȱǛ ž’• ›’›Œ‘’ŽŒ ŜŖŗȬŖř ŗŞŖŘ —”—˜ — ŜŖŖ ŗŞŘř —”—˜ — ŜŖŝ ŗşşŖ —”—˜ — ŜŖŘ ŗŞŘř —”—˜ — ŜŖşȬŗŗ ŗşşŖ —”—˜ — ŜŖŚ ŗŞŘř —”—˜ — Ŝŗř ŗşŞř ŠŸ’ȱ˜›Ž› ŜŖŜ ŗŞŗŜ Ž—“Š–’—ȱœ•Ž›ȱž›—Ž› Ŝŗś ŗŞŗř —”—˜ — ŜŖŞ ŗŝşŗ Ž˜›ŽȱŽ››Ž••ǰȱ—Š’•Ž› Ŝŗŝ ŗşŘŖ —”—˜ — ŜŗŖ ŗŞřŖ —”—˜ — Ŝŗş ŗşřŖ —”—˜ — ŜŗŘ ŗŞřŖ —”—˜ — ŜŘŗ ŗşŗŖ —”—˜ — ŜŗŚ ŗşŘś —”—˜ — ŜŘř ŗşŘś —”—˜ — ŜŗŞ ŗşŜş Šœœ’—Ž›ȱǭȱŒ‘ Š– ŜŘś ŗşřŖ —”—˜ — ŜŘŖ ŗşŜş Šœœ’—Ž›ȱǭȱŒ‘ Š– ŜŘŝ ŗŞŖŝ ˜‘—ȱŠ›—Ž› ŜŘŘ ŗşŜş Šœœ’—Ž›ȱǭȱŒ‘ Š– ŜŘş ŗŞşś —”—˜ — ŜŘŚ ŗşŜş Šœœ’—Ž›ȱǭȱŒ‘ Š– Ŝřŗ ŗşŝŚ ˜‘—ȱ•˜¢ȱǭȱœœ˜Œǯ ŜŘŜ ŗşŜş Šœœ’—Ž›ȱǭȱŒ‘ Š– Ŝřś ŗŞŖŞ —”—˜ — ŜŘŞ ŗşřŖ —”—˜ — Ŝřŝ ŗşŝś Ž—“Š–’—ȱŠ›’—ȱǭȱœœ˜Œǯ ŜřŖ ŗŞŚŖ —”—˜ —

Ŝřş ŗşŝś Ž—“Š–’—ȱŠ›’—ȱǭȱœœ˜Œǯ ŜřŘ ŗŞŖś —”—˜ —

ŜřŚ ŗşŘŖ —”—˜ — ŜřŜ ŗŞşŖ —”—˜ — ŜřŞ ŗŞşŖ —”—˜ — ŜŚŖ ŗşśŖ —”—˜ — ŜŚŘ ŗşŜŖ —”—˜ — ŜŚŚ ŗşŜŖ —”—˜ —

ŗŘŗ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ ƒ century.ȱ#617ȱwasȱbuiltȱinȱ1920,ȱ#619ȱinȱ1930,ȱ#621ȱinȱ1910,ȱandȱ#ȱ623ȱinȱ1925ȱ

(Imagesȱ50ȱandȱ51).ȱȱ

ƒ #625;ȱ(Imageȱ52)ȱFaçadeȱwasȱrebuiltȱinȱ1930,ȱandȱitȱseemsȱtoȱhaveȱbeenȱ

influencedȱbyȱ#623,ȱbeingȱanȱalmostȱmirrorȱimage.ȱȱ

ƒ #627:ȱ(Imageȱ52)ȱBuiltȱbyȱJohnȱWarner,ȱaȱcarpenter,ȱinȱ1807ȱandȱrestoredȱinȱ

1961ȱbyȱJosephȱPraissman.ȱȱ

ƒ #629:ȱ(Imageȱ52)ȱAȱstorefrontȱbuiltȱinȱ1895ȱexistedȱonȱthisȱbuildingȱbeforeȱtheȱ

redevelopmentȱperiodȱbutȱinȱ1950ȱwasȱremovedȱandȱreplacedȱwithȱaȱ

residentialȱfaçade.ȱȱ

ƒ #631ȱandȱ#633:ȱ(Imageȱ53)ȱRehabilitatedȱandȱrebuiltȱinȱ1974ȱbyȱJohnȱLloydȱandȱ

Associates,ȱarchitects.ȱFromȱhistoricȱphotographsȱtakenȱinȱ1963,ȱtheȱoriginalȱ

buildingsȱwereȱstillȱstanding,ȱandȱtheȱreplacementsȱareȱsignificantlyȱ

different.41ȱȱ

ƒ #635:ȱ(Imageȱ53)ȱBuiltȱinȱ1808ȱandȱrehabilitatedȱinȱ1971ȱbyȱW.ȱNelsonȱ

Anderson.ȱȱ

ƒ #637Ȭ43:ȱ(Imageȱ54)ȱTheȱlastȱbuildingȱonȱtheȱblockȱisȱaȱsetȱofȱdwellingȱunitsȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 41ȱHistoricȱphotos,ȱPhiladelphiaȱHistoricalȱCommission.ȱ623ȱPineȱStreet,ȱ1.11.63;ȱ625Ȭ631ȱPineȱStreet,ȱOctȱ23ȱ 1961,ȱ#45592;ȱ2004Ȭ06Ȭ15ȱ040615042;ȱ633ȱPineȱStreet,ȱ1.11.63,ȱ12201Ȭ36,ȱ2004Ȭ06Ȭ15ȱ040615041.ȱ ȱ 122ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ constructedȱinȱ1975ȱandȱdesignedȱbyȱarchitectsȱBenjaminȱMartinȱ&ȱAssociates.ȱȱ

NorthȱSideȱ–ȱModernȱBuildingsȱ

Sixȱofȱtheȱfifteenȱbuildingsȱonȱthisȱsideȱofȱtheȱblockȱwereȱbuiltȱduringȱtheȱ redevelopmentȱperiodȱandȱallȱbutȱoneȱareȱContextuals.ȱTheȱclusterȱatȱtheȱeastȱendȱ ofȱtheȱblock,ȱ#607Ȭ613,ȱwereȱbuiltȱafterȱtheȱjurisdictionȱofȱtheȱrenewalȱplansȱ ended,ȱsoȱtheyȱareȱnotȱboundȱbyȱtheȱsameȱrestrictionsȱasȱtheȱotherȱmodernȱ buildingsȱonȱtheȱblock.ȱThisȱdoesȱnotȱseemȱtoȱhaveȱaffectedȱtheirȱdesign,ȱwhichȱ stillȱadheresȱtoȱtheȱguidelinesȱsetȱforthȱduringȱtheȱredevelopment.ȱ

Theȱfirstȱone,ȱ#607ȱ(Imageȱ49),ȱisȱveryȱplainȱcomparedȱtoȱitsȱneighbors.ȱItȱ doesȱnotȱhaveȱanyȱdistinguishingȱcharacteristicsȱandȱisȱasȱunimposingȱasȱaȱ buildingȱcanȱbe.ȱWhileȱtheȱoverallȱmotifsȱareȱhistoricȱinȱnature,ȱbecauseȱofȱtheȱ oversimplification,ȱtheȱbuildingȱlooksȱmodern.ȱTheȱcorniceȱisȱveryȱsimple,ȱasȱisȱ theȱthreeȬlightȱtransom.ȱTheȱonlyȱvariationȱinȱtheȱbrickȱisȱtheȱsoldierȱcoursesȱ aboveȱtheȱwindows.ȱȱ

Theȱnextȱtwoȱstructures,ȱ#609Ȭ11ȱandȱ#613ȱ(Imagesȱ49,ȱ50ȱandȱ57),ȱhaveȱ someȱmoreȱdetail,ȱbutȱitȱisȱstillȱsimplifiedȱintoȱmarbleȱwatertableȱandȱbeltȱ

ȱ 123ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ courses.ȱTheȱdoubleȱcasementȱwindowsȱinsteadȱofȱtheȱtraditionalȱdoubleȬhungȱ areȱanȱobviousȱdifference,ȱalongȱwithȱtheȱpaneȱdivision.ȱTheȱsingleȱstoryȱheightȱ ofȱ#609Ȭ11ȱisȱalsoȱunusual,ȱsinceȱalmostȱallȱofȱtheȱdwellingsȱinȱthisȱareaȱareȱatȱ leastȱtwoȱstories,ȱandȱitȱalsoȱseemsȱlikeȱaȱsideȱfaçadeȱinȱtheȱcenterȱofȱaȱblock.ȱ

ThereȱisȱaȱlargerȱwallȬtoȬwindowȱratioȱdueȱtoȱtheȱwideȱspaceȱbetweenȱtheȱ windows.ȱTheȱwindowȱproportionsȱinȱ#613ȱareȱalsoȱdifferent.ȱTheȱsquareȱ windowsȱatȱtheȱthirdȱlevelȱalongȱwithȱtheȱFrenchȱwindowsȱonȱtheȱsecondȱlevelȱ compressȱandȱthenȱelongateȱtheȱwindowȱopenings.ȱTheȱdoorȱisȱalsoȱextraȬwideȱ andȱplacedȱcenteredȱbetweenȱtwoȱbays.ȱItȱisȱmadeȱmoreȱprominentȱbyȱtheȱfannedȱ stairȱandȱrailing.ȱTheȱstoneȱaccentsȱbeneathȱtheȱthirdȱfloorȱwindowsȱandȱtheȱ alignmentȱofȱtheȱbeltcourseȱwithȱtheȱbottomȱofȱtheȱwindowȱareȱunusualȱandȱ createȱaȱnonȬsymmetricalȱbalance.ȱTheȱsmallȱroundȱwindowsȱflankingȱtheȱ entranceȱchangeȱtheȱconditionȱofȱtheȱwallȱmeetingȱtheȱwindow.ȱThisȱbuildingȱhasȱ takenȱaȱfewȱhistoricȱelementsȱand,ȱbyȱchangingȱtheirȱproportionsȱandȱlayout,ȱhasȱ madeȱitȱdistinctlyȱmodern.ȱȱ

Theȱnextȱsetȱofȱmodernȱbuildingsȱisȱ#631ȱandȱ#633ȱ(Imageȱ53).ȱ#631ȱ immediatelyȱstandsȱoutȱbecauseȱitȱisȱrecessedȱawayȱfromȱtheȱstreetwallȱbehindȱaȱ

ȱ 124ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ brickȱwall.ȱTheȱwallȱcontinuesȱtheȱfaçadeȱlineȱhorizontally,ȱbutȱcreatesȱaȱvoidȱ vertically.ȱTheȱbuildingȱisȱalsoȱmuchȱshorterȱthanȱtheȱadjacentȱstructures.ȱThereȱisȱ aȱclearȱtwoȬbayȱdivision,ȱbutȱtheȱbaysȱareȱnotȱequal,ȱandȱtheȱamountȱofȱglassȱisȱ greaterȱthanȱthatȱofȱwallȱsurface.ȱTheȱentranceȱisȱalsoȱrecessedȱintoȱtheȱfaçade,ȱ somethingȱnotȱdoneȱhistoricallyȱinȱthisȱpartȱofȱPhiladelphia.ȱ#633ȱhasȱtheȱ traditionalȱthreeȱbayȱlayout,ȱbutȱthereȱisȱnoȱentrance.ȱTheȱtileȱalongȱtheȱwallȱandȱ theȱbottomȱofȱ#633,ȱwhileȱreminiscentȱofȱbrick,ȱisȱaȱmoreȱmodernȱsurface.ȱTheȱ stuccoedȱsurfaceȱisȱnotȱinȱkeepingȱwithȱtheȱhistoricȱmaterials.ȱBecauseȱofȱthis,ȱ theseȱtwoȱstructuresȱareȱContextuals.ȱ

Theȱlastȱbuildingȱonȱtheȱblock,ȱ#637Ȭ43ȱ(Imageȱ54),ȱisȱaȱtrueȱContrastor.ȱ

Theȱformsȱareȱatȱaȱlargerȱscaleȱthanȱtheȱrestȱofȱtheȱblockȱandȱallȱofȱtheȱelementsȱ areȱveryȱsimpleȱgeometricȱpatterns.ȱItȱdoesȱnotȱhaveȱtheȱdelicateȱdetailsȱofȱtheȱ historicȱbuildingsȱandȱinsteadȱreflectsȱmodernistȱinfluences.ȱThisȱbuildingȱdoesȱ notȱattemptȱtoȱfitȱin,ȱandȱinȱfact,ȱitȱstandsȱoutȱasȱdifferentȱbecauseȱofȱtheȱbrightȱ whiteȱsurfaces,ȱbeveledȱcornersȱandȱlargerȱscaleȱ(Imageȱ55).ȱItȱdoesȱnotȱengageȱ theȱsidewalkȱandȱinsteadȱturnsȱinwardȱbehindȱtheȱbrickȱwall.ȱȱ

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’ž›Žȱřŗ 6WUHHWVFDSHZLWK)ROLDJHDQG6WUHHW)XUQLWXUH ŗŘŜ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ SouthȱSideȱ–ȱConstructionȱHistoryȱ

Allȱbutȱoneȱofȱtheȱbuildingsȱonȱthisȱsideȱofȱtheȱstreetȱwereȱconstructedȱ afterȱ1800,ȱwithȱaȱsimilarȱlayoutȱofȱthreeȱtoȱthreeȱandȱoneȬhalfȱstoriesȱtallȱwithȱ twoȱtoȱthreeȱbaysȱ(Figuresȱ29ȱandȱ30).ȱȱ

ƒ #600,ȱ#602,ȱandȱ#604:ȱ(Imageȱ61),ȱBuiltȱinȱ1823ȱforȱtheȱsameȱproprietor,ȱ

WilliamȱSeal,ȱaȱgentleman.ȱEachȱwasȱworkedȱonȱseparately,ȱtheȱfirstȱ

rehabilitatedȱinȱ1962ȱbyȱarchitectȱLenordȱSolomonȱandȱthenȱrestoredȱinȱ1987,ȱ

theȱsecondȱrestoredȱinȱ1965,ȱandȱtheȱthirdȱrestoredȱinȱ1981ȱbyȱarchitectȱMartinȱ

Rosenblum.ȱȱ

ƒ #606:ȱ(Imageȱ62)ȱBuiltȱbetweenȱ1816ȱandȱ1823ȱbyȱBenjaminȱEslerȱTurnerȱandȱ

renovatedȱinȱ1975ȱbyȱRobertȱL.ȱDecker.ȱȱ

ƒ #608:ȱ(Imagesȱ62ȱandȱ67)ȱTheȱonlyȱtwoȬstoryȱdwellingȱonȱthisȱsideȱofȱtheȱblockȱ

andȱbuiltȱbetweenȱ1791ȱandȱ1794ȱbyȱGeorgeȱTerrell.ȱThereȱisȱnoȱdateȱlistedȱinȱ

theȱInventoryȱforȱalterations,ȱbutȱbyȱtheȱgoodȱconditionȱofȱtheȱfaçade,ȱsomeȱ

mustȱhaveȱbeenȱdoneȱduringȱtheȱredevelopmentȱperiod.ȱȱ

ƒ #610ȱandȱ#612:ȱ(Imageȱ62)ȱTheseȱtwoȱnarrowȱtwoȬbayȱhousesȱwereȱbuiltȱinȱ

1830.ȱBothȱreceivedȱnewȱfacades,ȱ#610ȱinȱ1960ȱandȱ#612ȱinȱ1930.ȱȱ

ȱ 127ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ ƒ #614:ȱ(Imageȱ63)ȱBuiltȱinȱ1925ȱandȱisȱoneȱofȱtheȱnewerȱhistoricȱbuildingsȱonȱtheȱ

block.ȱȱ

ƒ #618ȱthroughȱ#626:ȱ(Imagesȱ63ȱandȱ64)ȱTheseȱnextȱfiveȱunitsȱwereȱconstructedȱ

togetherȱinȱ1969ȱandȱdesignedȱbyȱarchitectsȱHassingerȱ&ȱSchwam.ȱȱ

ƒ #628:ȱ(Imageȱ64)ȱTheȱconstructionȱdateȱisȱunknown,ȱbutȱtheȱfaçadeȱwasȱrebuiltȱ

inȱ1930.ȱȱ

ƒ #630:ȱ(Imageȱ65)ȱBuiltȱinȱ1840ȱandȱinȱ1910ȱgivenȱaȱnewȱfaçade.ȱȱ

ƒ #632:ȱ(Imageȱ65)ȱBuiltȱinȱ1805ȱandȱalteredȱinȱ1925.ȱȱ

ƒ #634:ȱ(Imageȱ65)ȱConstructionȱdateȱunknown.ȱFaçadeȱalterationsȱinȱ1920.ȱ

ƒ #636:ȱ(Imageȱ65)ȱConstructionȱdateȱunknown.ȱFaçadeȱalterationsȱinȱ1890.ȱ

ƒ #638:ȱ(Imageȱ66)ȱConstructionȱdateȱunknown.ȱAlteredȱonceȱinȱ1890ȱandȱthenȱ

rehabilitatedȱinȱ1973ȱbyȱarchitectȱNickȱChimes.ȱ

ƒ #640ȱ(Imageȱ66)ȱNewȱfaçadeȱinȱ1950,ȱatȱtheȱbeginningȱofȱtheȱredevelopment.ȱȱ

ƒ #642ȱandȱ#644:ȱ(Imageȱ66)ȱTheȱlastȱtwoȱdwellingsȱwereȱbuiltȱinȱ1960ȱasȱaȱ

symmetricalȱpair.ȱȱ

ȱ 128ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ

SouthȱSideȱ–ȱModernȱBuildingsȱ

OfȱtheȱtwentyȬtwoȱdwellingȱunitsȱonȱthisȱsideȱofȱtheȱblock,ȱsevenȱwereȱ builtȱduringȱtheȱredevelopmentȱperiod.ȱTheyȱwereȱbuiltȱinȱtwoȱblocks.ȱTheȱfirstȱisȱ aȱblockȱofȱfive,ȱ#618Ȭ26ȱ(Imagesȱ63ȱandȱ64),ȱandȱtheȱsecondȱisȱaȱtwinȱset,ȱ#642Ȭ44ȱ

(Imageȱ66).ȱTheȱfirstȱsetȱisȱaȱContextual.ȱTheȱsingleȱbuildingȱformedȱisȱshorterȱ thanȱitsȱimmediateȱneighborsȱandȱcreatesȱaȱnarrowerȱrhythmȱwithȱtwoȱbaysȱperȱ dwellingȱunit.ȱAnȱalternatingȱsurfaceȱofȱsolidȱandȱvoidȱisȱproducedȱwithȱnearȱ symmetryȱaroundȱaȱcentralȱshorterȱportion.ȱTheȱentrancesȱareȱplacedȱ perpendicularȱtoȱtheȱstreetȱandȱareȱnotȱvisibleȱatȱfirstȱglance.ȱThereȱisȱalsoȱaȱ separationȱdueȱtoȱtheȱmetalȱgatesȱthatȱdisengageȱtheȱentrancesȱfromȱtheȱstreet.ȱ

Theȱwindowȱproportionsȱgoȱtoȱbothȱextremesȱfromȱtheȱhistoric:ȱthereȱareȱlong,ȱ thinȱwindowsȱthatȱextendȱtheȱheightȱofȱtheȱbuildingȱandȱthenȱmoreȱsquareȱ windowsȱthatȱareȱonȱtheȱrecessedȱportionsȱofȱtheȱbuilding.ȱThisȱcreatesȱaȱmostlyȱ brickȱsurfaceȱthatȱisȱflushȱwithȱtheȱstreetwallȱbrokenȱbyȱintermittentȱlongȱlinesȱofȱ glass.ȱTheȱstreetwallȱisȱalsoȱbrokenȱbyȱbalconiesȱthatȱdivideȱtheȱrecessedȱbaysȱ intoȱtwoȱhorizontalȱsections.ȱTheȱbuildingsȱmeetȱtheȱgroundȱinȱanȱabruptȱfashion,ȱ withȱnoȱtransitionalȱelementȱbetweenȱwhereȱtheȱbuildingȱendsȱandȱtheȱsidewalkȱ

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’ž›ŽȱŘŞ +RUL]RQWDO5K\WKP ŗřŗ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ begins.ȱTheseȱbuildingsȱdoȱnotȱengageȱtheȱstreetȱandȱinsteadȱseemȱtoȱwithdrawȱ inward.ȱȱ

TheȱsecondȱsetȱofȱmodernȱbuildingsȱareȱImitators.ȱTheyȱimitateȱtheȱ traditionalȱthreeȱandȱoneȬhalfȱstoryȱhistoricȱformȱfoundȱonȱthisȱblockȱandȱ throughoutȱSocietyȱHill.ȱTheȱentranceȱisȱraisedȱupȱfourȱstepsȱfromȱtheȱstreetȱ creatingȱaȱhigherȱbasementȱbelow,ȱandȱtheȱopeningsȱareȱplacedȱinȱtwoȱbaysȱwithȱ aȱdormerȱwindowȱcenteredȱonȱtheȱroof.ȱTheȱcorniceȱisȱaȱbitȱsimplerȱthanȱtheȱotherȱ historicȱonesȱonȱtheȱstreet,ȱbutȱoverallȱtheseȱbuildingsȱblendȱintoȱtheȱhistoricȱ fabricȱandȱdoȱnotȱstandȱoutȱasȱnewȱorȱmodern.ȱȱ

OverallȱConditionsȱ

Theȱ600ȱblockȱofȱPineȱStreetȱisȱnotȱbrokenȱonȱeitherȱsideȱbyȱsecondaryȱ streets.ȱThereȱisȱoneȱsmallȱalleyȱonȱtheȱsouthȱside,ȱbutȱitȱisȱveryȱnarrowȱandȱthereȱ isȱnotȱaȱbreakȱinȱtheȱcurbȱwhereȱitȱoccursȱ(Mapȱ14).ȱTheȱsidewalksȱonȱthisȱstreetȱ areȱalsoȱpavedȱinȱbrick.ȱ

Theȱtreesȱareȱsparserȱonȱtheȱnorthȱsideȱofȱtheȱblockȱ(Figureȱ24,ȱImageȱ57ȱ andȱ69)ȱthanȱonȱDelanceyȱStreetȱandȱtheȱspacesȱbetweenȱvaryȱgreatly,ȱbutȱtheyȱ

ȱ 132ȱ ȱ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ Š™ȱŗŚ ŜŖŖȱ•˜Œ”ȱ’—Žȱ›ŽŽȱȬȱŠ—‹˜›—ȱŠ™

’›Žȱ’—œž›Š—ŒŽȱ–Š™œȱ›˜–ȱ‘ŽȱŠ—‹˜›—ȱŠ™ȱ˜–™Š—¢ǰȱ›ŽŽȱ’‹›Š›¢ȱ˜ȱ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’ŠǰȱŘŖŖŚǯ

ŗřř Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ provideȱadequateȱgreenery.ȱTheȱsouthȱsideȱisȱalsoȱirregularȱbutȱtheȱtreesȱareȱmoreȱ frequentȱ(Figureȱ31).ȱTheȱsameȱconditionȱexistsȱdownȱtheȱsidewalk,ȱwithȱaȱtwoȬ footȱpedestrianȱwayȱdownȱtheȱcenterȱ(Imagesȱ56,ȱ58,ȱ68ȱandȱ70).ȱTheȱsameȱ streetlampsȱexistȱinȱthisȱpartȱofȱSocietyȱHillȱandȱareȱaȱconnectingȱandȱidentifyingȱ elementȱofȱtheȱdistrict.ȱȱ

MostȱofȱtheȱbuildingsȱonȱthisȱblockȱareȱthreeȱtoȱthreeȱandȱoneȬhalfȱstoriesȱ tall,ȱwhichȱwasȱnotȱtheȱcaseȱonȱtheȱDelanceyȱStreetȱblocksȱ(Figuresȱ23ȱandȱ30).ȱ

Theȱyoungerȱageȱofȱtheseȱbuildingsȱlendsȱtoȱaȱtallerȱstructure,ȱasȱmostȱofȱtheȱ threeȬstoryȱbuildingsȱinȱtheȱdistrictȱwereȱbuiltȱafterȱ1800.ȱFlatȱroofsȱareȱmoreȱ prevalentȱonȱthisȱblock,ȱwhichȱshowsȱaȱchangeȱinȱstyle.ȱForȱtheȱmostȱpart,ȱ becauseȱtheȱbuildingsȱareȱsoȱtallȱandȱtheȱstreetsȱsoȱnarrow,ȱtoȱtheȱpedestrianȱtheȱ roofsȱdisappearȱandȱitȱisȱtheȱcorniceȱlineȱthatȱdefinesȱtheȱtopȱedgeȱofȱtheȱ structure.ȱManyȱofȱtheȱcornicesȱareȱheavilyȱarticulatedȱandȱaddȱdetailȱtoȱtheȱ facades.ȱ

Theȱgeneralȱcorniceȱlineȱonȱthisȱblockȱisȱfairlyȱevenȱwithȱonlyȱaȱfewȱ significantȱchangesȱinȱheightȱofȱbuilding.ȱThisȱisȱseenȱinȱFiguresȱ26ȱandȱ33.ȱHere,ȱ

ȱ 134ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ theȱdiscontinuityȱisȱmadeȱobviousȱwhenȱtheȱdetailsȱofȱtheȱfaçadeȱareȱstrippedȱ away.ȱOnȱtheȱsouthȱsideȱofȱtheȱblock,ȱtheȱmainȱdisruptionȱisȱcausedȱbyȱtheȱgroupȱ ofȱfiveȱmodernȱunitsȱinȱtheȱcenterȱofȱtheȱblockȱ(Figureȱ33).ȱ

Forȱmostȱofȱtheȱmodernȱbuildingsȱonȱthisȱblock,ȱtheȱarticulationȱfoundȱinȱ historicȱbuildingsȱisȱmaintained,ȱasȱisȱtheȱscale.ȱSomeȱofȱtheȱhistoricȱelements,ȱ suchȱasȱorientation,ȱareȱalteredȱandȱthisȱchangesȱtheȱfeelȱofȱtheȱblock.ȱForȱ example,ȱinȱtheȱcentralȱportionȱofȱtheȱsouthȱsideȱatȱ#618Ȭ26ȱ(Imagesȱ63ȱandȱ64),ȱ theȱlackȱofȱstaircasesȱthatȱengageȱtheȱsidewalkȱinȱcombinationȱwithȱmetalȱfencesȱ separatingȱtheȱresidentsȱfromȱtheȱstreet,ȱisolatingȱtheȱbuildingsȱfromȱtheȱ pedestrian.ȱTheyȱdoȱnotȱengageȱtheȱcasualȱobserverȱinȱtheȱsameȱwayȱthatȱtheȱ neighborhood’sȱtypicalȱstairȱstoopsȱdo,ȱnorȱasȱwouldȱevenȱaȱdoorȱopeningȱ directlyȱontoȱtheȱsidewalk.ȱTheȱbrickȱwallsȱinȱfrontȱofȱ#ȱ637Ȭ43ȱ(Imageȱ54)ȱandȱ

#631ȱ(Imageȱ53)ȱonȱtheȱnorthȱsideȱofȱtheȱstreetȱalsoȱcreateȱaȱbarrierȱbetweenȱtheȱ pedestrianȱandȱinhabitant.ȱInȱtheȱhistoricȱarchitectureȱofȱthisȱtime,ȱthereȱwasȱaȱ connectionȱbetweenȱtheȱinhabitantsȱandȱtheȱoutsideȱworldȱwhichȱdoesȱnotȱexistȱ inȱmuchȱofȱtheȱmodernȱarchitecture,ȱasȱtheseȱbuildingsȱturnȱawayȱfromȱtheȱstreetȱ toȱcreateȱaȱmoreȱprivateȱspace.ȱȱ

ȱ 135ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ Thereȱisȱlessȱoverallȱarticulationȱinȱtheȱfacadesȱbutȱalsoȱmomentsȱofȱhighȱ detail.ȱThisȱblockȱhasȱsimplerȱelementsȱbutȱalsoȱsomeȱveryȱdifferentȱones,ȱsuchȱasȱ theȱtwoȱstructuresȱwithȱbayȱwindows,ȱ#640ȱ(Imageȱ66)ȱonȱtheȱsouthȱsideȱandȱ#621ȱ

(Imageȱ51)ȱonȱtheȱnorth.ȱTheȱwindowȱshapesȱvaryȱmoreȱgreatly;ȱsomeȱareȱarchedȱ withȱdecorativeȱstoneȱsurrounds.ȱȱ

Manyȱofȱtheȱentrancesȱaddȱhighȱarticulationȱtoȱtheȱfacades,ȱbothȱinȱtheirȱ individualȱdesignȱandȱinȱtheȱrhythmȱtheyȱcreateȱacrossȱtheȱblockȱstreetwall.ȱThisȱ rhythmȱisȱillustratedȱinȱFiguresȱ25ȱandȱ32.ȱOnȱtheȱnorthȱsideȱ(Figureȱ25),ȱthereȱisȱaȱ fairlyȱevenȱdistribution,ȱwithȱgapsȱwhereȱtheȱfacadesȱseemȱtoȱbeȱturningȱaȱ secondaryȱfaçadeȱtoȱPineȱStreet.ȱThereȱisȱaȱgreaterȱbreakȱonȱtheȱsouthȱsideȱ(Figureȱ

32)ȱdueȱtoȱtheȱnatureȱofȱtheȱentrancesȱonȱtheȱblockȱofȱmodernȱbuildingsȱinȱtheȱ center.ȱBecauseȱtheseȱentrancesȱhaveȱbeenȱturned,ȱtheyȱareȱnotȱapparentȱfromȱtheȱ sidewalkȱandȱbreakȱtheȱrhythmȱthatȱisȱevenȱonȱeitherȱside.ȱȱ

Anotherȱimportantȱaspectȱofȱthisȱblockȱisȱtheȱrhythmȱofȱverticalȱelements.ȱ

Figuresȱ27ȱandȱ34ȱillustrateȱtheȱverticalȱrhythmȱcreatedȱbyȱtheȱfenestrationȱalongȱ theȱstreetwall.ȱOnȱtheȱnorthȱsideȱofȱtheȱstreetȱ(Figureȱ27)ȱtheȱrhythmȱisȱveryȱ

ȱ 136ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ regularȱthroughoutȱtheȱcentralȱportionȱofȱtheȱblockȱandȱthenȱbecomesȱmoreȱ spreadȱoutȱatȱtheȱends,ȱonȱtheȱmodernȱbuildings.ȱOnȱtheȱsouthȱside,ȱtheȱrhythmȱisȱ brokenȱinȱtheȱcenterȱbyȱtheȱmodernȱbuildings.ȱTheȱoverallȱrhythmȱhasȱvariationsȱ inȱwidthȱbecauseȱsomeȱbuildingsȱhaveȱtwoȱbaysȱwhileȱothersȱhaveȱthree,ȱbutȱtheȱ overallȱrhythmȱisȱfairlyȱeven.ȱȱ

Theȱlastȱoverallȱpatternȱisȱtheȱhorizontalȱrhythmȱcreatedȱbyȱfenestration,ȱ detailingȱinȱtheȱfacades,ȱandȱtheȱcornice/rooflinesȱofȱtheȱbuildings.ȱThisȱisȱ illustratedȱinȱFiguresȱ28ȱandȱ35.ȱWhenȱtheȱfacadesȱareȱreducedȱtoȱhorizontalȱlines,ȱ theȱdisruptionȱeitherȱdisappearsȱorȱbecomesȱmoreȱapparent.ȱInȱtheȱcaseȱofȱtheȱ northȱsideȱofȱtheȱblockȱ(Figureȱ28),ȱallȱofȱtheȱmodernȱbuildingsȱexceptȱtheȱoneȱonȱ theȱwestȱendȱblendȱintoȱtheȱotherȱbuildings’ȱhorizontalȱpatterns.ȱOnȱtheȱsouthȱ sideȱ(Figureȱ35),ȱtheȱrhythmȱwouldȱbeȱcontinuousȱbutȱtheȱhorizontalȱelementsȱofȱ solidȱbrickȱsurfaceȱonȱtheȱmodernȱbuildingsȱinȱtheȱcenterȱofȱtheȱblockȱbreakȱupȱ theȱcontinuityȱofȱtheȱrhythm.ȱ

Aȱfewȱphotosȱfromȱtheȱearlyȱ1960sȱillustrateȱtheȱimpactȱofȱtheȱ redevelopmentȱperiodȱonȱthisȱblock.ȱImageȱ59ȱisȱaȱviewȱlookingȱnorthwestȱatȱ

ȱ 137ȱ ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ #609Ȭ615.ȱTheȱfirstȱthreeȱbuildingsȱfromȱtheȱrightȱnoȱlongerȱexist.ȱTheyȱwereȱ replacedȱinȱtheȱ1980sȱandȱ1990sȱbyȱmodernȱstructures.ȱInȱImageȱ60,ȱmanyȱ buildingsȱhaveȱchanged.ȱTheȱpartialȱbuildingȱonȱtheȱfarȱleftȱisȱnowȱ#637Ȭ43,ȱtheȱ modernȱContrastorsȱonȱtheȱwestȱendȱofȱtheȱnorthȱsideȱofȱtheȱblock.ȱTheȱbuildingȱ withȱtheȱarchedȱthirdȬstoryȱwindowsȱhasȱbeenȱreplacedȱbyȱ#631,ȱaȱtwoȬstoryȱ modernȱbuildingȱrecessedȱfromȱtheȱstreetwall.ȱOnȱtheȱsouthȱsideȱofȱtheȱblock,ȱ

Imageȱ71ȱshowsȱ#632Ȭ40ȱandȱwhileȱsomeȱchangesȱhaveȱbeenȱmadeȱtheȱmajorityȱofȱ theseȱbuildingsȱhaveȱremainedȱalmostȱtheȱsame.ȱ

ȱ 138ȱ ȱ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ ˜›‘ȱ’Ž ŜŖŖȱ•˜Œ”ȱ’—Žȱ›ŽŽ –ŠŽȱŚş

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Ŝřś Ŝřř Ŝřŗ ŗŞŖŞȱ˜›ȱŠ–žŽ•ȱǭȱ•Ž¡Š—Ž›ȱ Š›Ž—ǰȱ™•ŠœŽ›Ž›œ ŗşŝŚȱ ˜‘—ȱ•˜¢ȱǭȱœœ˜Œ’ŠŽœ ŗşŝŗȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‹¢ȱǯȱŽ•œ˜—ȱ—Ž›œ˜— ŗşşřȱ›˜˜ȱŽŒ”ȱŠŽ

–ŠŽȱśŚ

ŜřŝȬŚř ŗşŝśȱŽ—“Š–’—ȱŠ›’—ȱǭȱœœ˜Œ’ŠŽœ

ŗŚŗ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ –ŠŽȱśś ˜›‘ȱœ’Žȱ ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŜŖŖȱ ‹•˜Œ”ȱ˜ȱ’—Žȱ ›ŽŽȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ —˜›‘ŽŠœȱŠȱ ǛŜřşȬŜŚŗǯ

–ŠŽȱśŜ ˜›‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ ‘ŽȱŜŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ ˜ȱ’—Žȱ›ŽŽȱ •˜˜”’—ȱ Žœȱ ›˜–ȱ’¡‘ȱ ›ŽŽǯ

ŗŚŘ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ –ŠŽȱśŝ ˜›‘ȱœ’Žȱ ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŜŖŖȱ ‹•˜Œ”ȱ˜ȱ’—Žȱ ›ŽŽȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ —˜›‘ Žœȱ ’‘ȱǛŜŖşȬ ŗŗȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ ˜›Ž›˜ž—ǯ

–ŠŽȱśŞ ˜›‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ ‘ŽȱŜŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ ˜ȱ’—Žȱ›ŽŽȱ •˜˜”’—ȱ Žœȱ ›˜–ȱǛŜŖŝǯ

ŗŚř ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ –ŠŽȱśş ˜›‘ȱœ’Žȱ ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŜŖŖȱ ‹•˜Œ”ȱ˜ȱ’—Žȱ ›ŽŽȱ’—ȱ ŗşŜŗȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ —˜›‘ Žœȱ ŠȱǛŜŖşȬŜŗśǯȱ ǻ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’Šȱ ’œ˜›’ŒŠ•ȱ ˜––’œœ’˜—Ǽ

–ŠŽȱŜŖ ˜›‘ȱœ’Žȱ ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŜŖŖȱ ‹•˜Œ”ȱ˜ȱ’—Žȱ ›ŽŽȱ’—ȱ ŗşŜřȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ —˜›‘ŽŠœȱ ’‘ȱǛŜřřȱ’—ȱ ‘ŽȱŒŽ—Ž›ǯȱ ǻ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’Šȱ ’œ˜›’ŒŠ•ȱ ˜––’œœ’˜—Ǽ

ŗŚŚ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ ˜ž‘ȱ’Ž ŜŖŖȱ•˜Œ”ȱ’—Žȱ›ŽŽ –ŠŽȱŜŗ

ŜŖŖ ŜŖŘ ŜŖŚ ŗŞŘřȱ˜›ȱ’••’Š–ȱŽŠ•ǰȱŽ—•Ž–Š— ŗŞŘřȱ˜›ȱ’••’Š–ȱŽŠ•ǰȱŽ—•Ž–Š— ŗŞŘřȱ˜›ȱ’••’Š–ȱŽŠ•ǰȱŽ—•Ž–Š— ŗşŖŖȱŒ˜—ŸŽ›Žȱ˜ȱœ‘˜™›˜— ŗŞśŖȱŒ˜›—’ŒŽȱ›Ž™•ŠŒŽ ŗŞşśȱ–ŽŠ•ȱŒ˜›—’ŒŽ ŗşŜŘȱ›Ž‘Š‹’•’ŠŽȱ‹¢ȱŽ—˜›ȱ˜•˜–˜— ŗşŜśȱ›Ž‘Š‹’•’ŠŽ ŗşŞŗȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‹¢ȱŠ›’—ȱ˜œŽ—‹•ž– ŗşŞŝȱ›Žœ˜›Ž –ŠŽȱŜŘ

ŜŖŜ ŜŖŞ ŜŗŖ ŜŗŘ ŗŞŗŜȬŘřȱŽ—“Š–’—ȱœ•Ž›ȱž›—Ž› ŗŝşŗȬşŚȱ Ž˜›ŽȱŽ››Ž••ǰȱ—Š’•Ž› ŗŞřŖ ŗŞřŖ ŗşŝśȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‹¢ȱ˜‹Ž›ȱǯȱŽŒ”Ž› ŗşŜŖȱŠŒŠŽȱ›Žœ˜›Ž ŗşŜŖȱŠŒŠŽȱŠ•Ž›Ž

ŗŚś ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ

–ŠŽȱŜř

ŜŗŚ ŜŗŞ ŜŘŖ ŗşŘś ŗşŜşȱ Šœœ’—Ž›ȱǭȱŒ‘ Š–

–ŠŽȱŜŚ

ŜŘŘ ŜŘŚ ŜŘŜ ŜŘŞ ŗşŜşȱ Šœœ’—Ž›ȱǭȱŒ‘ Š– ŗşřŖȱŠŒŠŽȱ‹ž’•

ŗŚŜ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ

–ŠŽȱŜś

ŜřŖ ŜřŘ ŜřŚ ŜřŜ ŗŞŚŖ ŗŞŖś ŗşŘŖȱŠŒŠŽȱŠ•Ž›Ž ŗŞşŖȱŠŒŠŽȱŠ•Ž›Ž ŗşŗŖȱ—Ž ȱŠŒŠŽ ŗşŘśȱŠ•Ž›Š’˜—œ

–ŠŽȱŜŜ

ŜřŞ ŜŚŖ ŜŚŘ ŜŚŚ ŗŞşŖȱŠŒŠŽȱŠ•Ž›Ž ŗşśŖȱ—Ž ȱŠŒŠŽ ŗşŜŖ ŗşŝřȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‹¢ȱ’Œ”ȱ‘’–Žœ

ŗŚŝ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ –ŠŽȱŜŝ ˜ž‘ȱœ’Žȱ ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŜŖŖȱ ‹•˜Œ”ȱ˜ȱ’—Žȱ ›ŽŽȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ œ˜ž‘ Žœȱ ŠȱǛŜŖŞȱ’—ȱ ˜›Ž›˜ž—ǯ

–ŠŽȱŜŞ ˜ž‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ ‘ŽȱŜŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ ˜ȱ’—Žȱ›ŽŽȱ •˜˜”’—ȱ Žœȱ ›˜–ȱǛŜŖŚǯ

ŗŚŞ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ –ŠŽȱŜş ˜ž‘ȱœ’Žȱ ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŜŖŖȱ ‹•˜Œ”ȱ˜ȱ’—Žȱ ›ŽŽȱ•˜˜”’—ȱ œ˜ž‘ŽŠœȱ –’‹•˜Œ”ǯ

–ŠŽȱŝŖ ˜ž‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ ‘ŽȱŜŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ ˜ȱ’—Žȱ›ŽŽȱ •˜˜”’—ȱ Žœȱ ›˜–ȱŽŸŽ—‘ȱ ›ŽŽǯ

ŗŚş ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ

˜ž‘ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŜŖŖȱ‹•˜Œ”ȱ˜ȱ’—Žȱ –ŠŽȱŝŗ ›ŽŽȱ’—ȱŗşŜŘȱ•˜˜”’—ȱœ˜ž‘ŽŠœȱŠȱǛȱŜřŞȱ ’—ȱ‘ŽȱŒŽ—Ž›ǯȱǻ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’Šȱ ’œ˜›’ŒŠ•ȱ ˜––’œœ’˜—Ǽ

ŗśŖ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ OtherȱPropertiesȱ

ToȱshowȱmoreȱexamplesȱofȱContrastors,ȱisolatedȱconditionsȱwereȱsoughtȱ outȱthatȱoftenȱexistedȱasȱaȱsingleȱconditionȱalongȱaȱblock.ȱInȱsomeȱcases,ȱtheȱrestȱ ofȱtheȱblockȱwasȱnotȱvariedȱenoughȱtoȱwarrantȱinȬdepthȱanalysisȱbutȱaȱfewȱunitsȱ hadȱaȱstrongȱenoughȱpresenceȱtoȱwarrantȱreview.ȱMapȱ15ȱlocatesȱtheseȱ properties,ȱandȱTableȱ4ȱprovidesȱaȱbriefȱconstructionȱhistory.ȱ

417ȱandȱ419ȱPineȱStreetȱ(a.k.a.ȱ339Ȭ45ȱandȱ342Ȭ50ȱLawrenceȱStreet)ȱ

#417ȱ(Imagesȱ72ȱandȱ73)ȱwasȱdesignedȱbyȱarchitectȱGiovanniȱCoscoȱinȱ

1973,ȱandȱ#419ȱ(Imageȱ74)ȱwasȱdesignedȱbyȱarchitectȱGeorgeȱB.ȱRobertsȱinȱ1970.ȱ

Theseȱtwoȱpropertiesȱareȱinterestingȱtoȱcompareȱtoȱeachȱotherȱbecauseȱtheyȱareȱ bothȱmodernȱbuildings.ȱ#417ȱisȱaȱContextualȱandȱ#419ȱisȱanȱImitator.ȱTheseȱtwoȱ buildingsȱcomplementȱeachȱotherȱbecauseȱtheyȱareȱtwoȱappropriateȱsolutionsȱtoȱ theȱsameȱdesignȱproblem:ȱaȱcornerȱlotȱinȱaȱhistoricȱdistrict.ȱBothȱhaveȱtheirȱ entrancesȱonȱLawrenceȱStreet,ȱalongȱtheȱlongȱsideȱofȱtheirȱplan,ȱwhichȱisȱalsoȱtheȱ gableȱendȱofȱtheȱbuilding.ȱ#417ȱisȱmuchȱnarrowerȱandȱtheȱroofȱslopeȱisȱmuchȱlessȱ thanȱonȱ#419,ȱwhichȱhasȱaȱtraditionalȱtwoȬbayȱwidthȱonȱtheȱPineȱStreetȱsideȱandȱ theȱsameȱroofȱslopeȱasȱtheȱhistoricȱbuildingsȱonȱtheȱblock.ȱTheȱsymmetryȱofȱtheȱ

ȱ 151ȱ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ Š™ȱŗś ‘Ž›ȱ›˜™Ž›’Žœ

–™Ž›Ÿ’˜žœȱž›ŠŒŽȱŠ¢Ž›ǰȱ’¢ȱ˜ȱ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’Šǰȱ ›ŽŽ›Ž—ŒŽȱ›˜–ȱŽ——œ¢•ŸŠ—’Šȱ™Š’Š•ȱŠŠȱŒŒŽœœȱǻǼȱ ’‘ȱŠž‘˜›ȂœȱŠ•Ž›Š’˜—œ

ŗśŘ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ Š‹•ŽȱŚ ‘Ž›ȱ›˜™Ž›’Žœȱ˜—œ›žŒ’˜—ȱŠŽœȱŠ—ȱ›Œ‘’ŽŒœ

•ȱǛ ›ŽŽ ž’• ›’›Œ‘’ŽŒ

Śŗŝ ’—Ž ŗşŝř ’˜ŸŠ——’ȱ˜œŒ˜ Śŗş ’—Ž ŗşŝŖ Ž˜›Žȱǯȱ˜‹Ž›œ Řśŝ ‘’› ŗşŜř ›’‘ȱ—›ŠŽȱ–Ž—ȱǭȱ Š—Ž Řśş ‘’› ŗşŜř ›’‘ȱ—›ŠŽȱ–Ž—ȱǭȱ Š—Ž ŘŜŗ ‘’› ŗşŜř ›’‘ȱ—›ŠŽȱ–Ž—ȱǭȱ Š—Ž ŘŜř ‘’› ŗşŜř ›’‘ȱ—›ŠŽȱ–Ž—ȱǭȱ Š—Ž ŘŜś ‘’› ŗşŜř ›’‘ȱ—›ŠŽȱ–Ž—ȱǭȱ Š—Ž ŘŜŝ ‘’› ŗşŜř ›’‘ȱ—›ŠŽȱ–Ž—ȱǭȱ Š—Ž ŘŜş ‘’› ŗşŜř ›’‘ȱ—›ŠŽȱ–Ž—ȱǭȱ Š—Ž Řŝŗ ‘’› ŗşŜř ›’‘ȱ—›ŠŽȱ–Ž—ȱǭȱ Š—Ž Řŝř ‘’› ŗşŜř ›’‘ȱ—›ŠŽȱ–Ž—ȱǭȱ Š—Ž Řŝś ‘’› ŗşŜř ›’‘ȱ—›ŠŽȱ–Ž—ȱǭȱ Š—Ž śŘş Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ ŗŞŗŖ —”—˜ — ŚŖŜ ŽŸŽ—‘ ŗşŗŖ —”—˜ — ŚŖŞ ŽŸŽ—‘ ŗşŗŖ —”—˜ — ŚŗŖ ŽŸŽ—‘ ŗşŗŖ —”—˜ — ŚŗŘ ŽŸŽ—‘ ŗşŗŖ —”—˜ — Śřř ™›žŒŽ ŗşŜŖ —”—˜ — śŖŗȬŖś ™›žŒŽ ŗşŜś —”—˜ — śŘśȬřř ™›žŒŽ ŗşŜŖ —”—˜ — řřŘ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ ŗşŞŝ —”—˜ — ŘśŖ ›’Š——Š ŗşŝŜ ǯǯȱŽ’ȱǭȱœœ˜Œ’ŠŽœ ŘśŘ ›’Š——Š ŗşŝŜ ǯǯȱŽ’ȱǭȱœœ˜Œ’ŠŽœ ŘśŚ ›’Š——Š ŗşŝŜ ǯǯȱŽ’ȱǭȱœœ˜Œ’ŠŽœ ŘśŜ ›’Š——Š ŗşŝŜ ǯǯȱŽ’ȱǭȱœœ˜Œ’ŠŽœ ŘśŞ ›’Š——Š ŗşŝŜ ǯǯȱŽ’ȱǭȱœœ˜Œ’ŠŽœ ŘŜŘ ›’Š——Š ŗşŝŜ ǯǯȱŽ’ȱǭȱœœ˜Œ’ŠŽœ ŘŜŚ ›’Š——Š ŗşŝŜ ǯǯȱŽ’ȱǭȱœœ˜Œ’ŠŽœ ŘŜŜ ›’Š——Š ŗşŝŜ ǯǯȱŽ’ȱǭȱœœ˜Œ’ŠŽœ ŘŜŞ ›’Š——Š ŗşŝŜ ǯǯȱŽ’ȱǭȱœœ˜Œ’ŠŽœ ŘŝŖ ›’Š——Š ŗşŝŜ ǯǯȱŽ’ȱǭȱœœ˜Œ’ŠŽœ ŜŖŚ ’œ˜— ŗşşś —”—˜ — ŜŖŜ ’œ˜— ŗşşś —”—˜ — ŜŖŞ ’œ˜— ŗşşś —”—˜ — ŜŗŖ ’œ˜— ŗşşś —”—˜ — ŜŗŘ ’œ˜— ŗşŞŝȬşŖ —”—˜ — ŜŗŚ ’œ˜— ŗşŞŝȬşŖ —”—˜ —

ŗśř Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ mainȱfaçadeȱofȱeachȱisȱoffsetȱbyȱanȱextraȱpieceȱatȱtheȱfarȱendȱofȱtheȱfacades.ȱTheȱ corniceȱdetailsȱonȱbothȱareȱsimilarȱasȱareȱtheȱproportionsȱofȱtheȱwindows.ȱTheȱ detailsȱareȱwhatȱmakeȱthemȱdifferent.ȱ#417ȱhasȱaȱmodernȱentranceȱdetailȱofȱaȱ crackedȱcircleȱthatȱhingesȱbackȱintoȱtheȱfaçadeȱtoȱcreateȱaȱrecessedȱentranceȱ

(Imageȱ73),ȱwhileȱ#419ȱhasȱaȱtraditionalȱthreeȬlightȱtransomȱfrontȱdoor.ȱTheȱ windowsȱonȱ#419ȱareȱmultiȬpaneȱandȱdoubleȱhung,ȱwhileȱthoseȱonȱ#417ȱareȱ singleȱpaneȱandȱpictureȱwindowsȱareȱslidingȬsash.ȱTheȱarrangementȱofȱtheȱ windowsȱisȱroughlyȱmirroredȱbetweenȱtheȱbuildings,ȱwithȱaȱroundȱwindowȱ elementȱnearȱtheȱtopȱofȱtheȱfaçade,ȱbutȱ#417ȱisȱnotȱcompletelyȱsymmetricalȱinȱ itself.ȱTheȱonlyȱmodernȱelementȱofȱ#419ȱisȱtheȱgreenhouseȬtypeȱwindowȱoverȱoneȱ ofȱtheȱbasementȱwindows,ȱwhichȱlooksȱoutȱofȱplaceȱbutȱisȱnotȱtooȱdisruptive.ȱ

Theseȱtwoȱstructuresȱcomplementȱeachȱotherȱwellȱbecauseȱtheyȱmirrorȱ certainȱkeyȱelementsȱwhileȱretainingȱtheirȱindividualityȱandȱuniqueȱmodernityȱ thatȱmakesȱthemȱfitȱinȱtheȱcontextȱofȱtheȱrestȱofȱtheȱblock.ȱȱ

257Ȭ75ȱSouthȱThirdȱStreetȱ

Thisȱrowȱofȱmodernȱbuildingsȱwasȱdesignedȱinȱ1963ȱbyȱWrightȱAndradeȱ

AmentȱandȱGane,ȱArchitectsȱ(Imageȱ75),ȱtheȱfirmȱthatȱwroteȱtheȱtechnicalȱreportȱ

ȱ 154ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ inȱ1959.ȱTheȱrowȱisȱanȱalternatingȱsetȱofȱfourȱbaysȱthatȱinȱallȱspansȱtenȱdwellingȱ units.ȱTheyȱwereȱbuiltȱasȱoneȱstructure,ȱthereforeȱtheȱfaçadeȱisȱcontinuous.ȱThisȱ particularȱrowȱofȱbuildingsȱwasȱchosenȱbecauseȱinȱthisȱcontextȱitȱisȱaȱContextual.ȱ

TheȱrowȱhousesȱinȱPhiladelphiaȱdidȱnotȱtraditionallyȱhaveȱbalconiesȱnorȱdidȱtheyȱ haveȱsmallȱfrontȱyardȱareasȱthatȱdividedȱtheȱstructureȱfromȱtheȱsidewalk,42ȱsoȱ theseȱelementsȱmakeȱitȱaȱContextual,ȱalongȱwithȱtheȱfactȱthatȱitȱstillȱblendsȱwithȱ theȱhistoricȱarchitectureȱandȱdoesȱnotȱstandȱoutȱasȱbeingȱglaringlyȱdifferent.ȱItȱfitsȱ withinȱtheȱguidelinesȱsetȱforȱtheȱdistrictȱandȱisȱnotȱovertlyȱdistracting,ȱbutȱworthȱ noting.ȱ

529ȱDelanceyȱStreetȱ

Whileȱtheȱbasicȱstructureȱofȱthisȱbuildingȱisȱhistoricȱandȱwasȱerectedȱinȱ

1810,ȱtheȱnewȱstuccoȱfaçadeȱappliedȱinȱtheȱmidȱ1960sȱandȱtheȱcompleteȱalterationȱ ofȱtheȱfaçadeȱandȱstreetwallȱisȱtheȱreasonȱforȱitsȱinclusionȱinȱthisȱanalysisȱ(Imageȱ

76).ȱStuccoȱisȱnotȱfoundȱonȱmanyȱofȱtheȱfrontȱfacadesȱofȱbuildingsȱinȱthisȱdistrictȱ andȱforȱthisȱreasonȱthisȱbuildingȱstandsȱoutȱasȱbeingȱdifferentȱandȱisȱcategorizedȱ asȱaȱContextual.ȱTheȱsolid,ȱlighterȱcolorȱandȱtextureȱremovesȱtheȱsubtleȱdetailȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 42ȱSauer,ȱLouisȱA.“ReinforcingȱaȱSenseȱofȱPlace.”ȱOldȱandȱNewȱArchitecture.ȱ(WashingtonȱD.C.:ȱTheȱ PreservationȱPress)ȱ131Ȭ32.ȱ ȱ 155ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ inherentȱinȱaȱbrickȱsurfaceȱandȱcreatesȱaȱsimplifiedȱfaçade,ȱwhileȱtheȱtraditionalȱ distributionȱofȱfenestrationȱandȱproportionsȱreflectsȱhistoricȱcharacteristics.ȱȱ

406Ȭ12ȱSouthȱSeventhȱStreetȱ

Thisȱshortȱrowȱofȱfourȱunitsȱisȱalsoȱhistoric,ȱbuiltȱinȱ1910ȱandȱalteredȱinȱ

1960ȱ(Imageȱ77).ȱOriginallyȱtheȱgroundȱfloorȱcontainedȱshopfrontsȱthatȱwereȱ filledȱinȱduringȱtheȱalteration.ȱTheyȱareȱcategorizedȱasȱContextuals.ȱThisȱsetȱ standsȱoutȱbecauseȱofȱtheȱlighterȱcolor,ȱtheȱblockyȱbayȱwindows,ȱandȱtheȱfloorȬtoȬ ceilingȱwindowsȱonȱtheȱgroundȱfloor.ȱTheȱmodernȱstyleȱmetalȱseamȱcorniceȱalsoȱ givesȱaȱlessȱdelicateȱlookȱthanȱaȱtraditionalȱmetalȱorȱwoodȱcornice.ȱTheseȱ buildingsȱappearȱmoreȱmodernȱthanȱtheirȱconstructionȱdateȱsuggests,ȱmakingȱitȱ possibleȱthatȱtheyȱwereȱcompletelyȱalteredȱinȱtheȱredevelopment.ȱȱ

433ȱSpruceȱStreetȱ

Thisȱbuildingȱhasȱanȱoverallȱgeometryȱthatȱisȱnotȱfoundȱinȱhistoricȱ

Philadelphiaȱrowȱhouses:ȱaȱcylinderȱ(Imageȱ78).ȱThisȱdwellingȱwasȱbuiltȱinȱ1960ȱ butȱisȱunlikeȱanyȱofȱtheȱothersȱbuiltȱduringȱthisȱtime.ȱTheȱroundȱwallȱ immediatelyȱaddsȱdepthȱtoȱtheȱstreetwallȱandȱaȱdifferentȱtypeȱofȱvariationȱthanȱ hasȱbeenȱseenȱbefore.ȱAnȱinterestingȱthingȱtoȱnoteȱisȱthatȱtheȱcylinderȱdoesȱnotȱ

ȱ 156ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ extendȱpastȱtheȱstreetwallȱbutȱinsteadȱisȱtangentȱtoȱit.ȱTheȱbuildingȱlooksȱasȱifȱitȱisȱ beingȱcompressedȱbyȱtheȱtwoȱadjacentȱandȱthatȱitȱisȱbulgingȱoutȱasȱaȱresult.ȱTheȱ fenestrationȱcarriesȱsimilarȱhorizontalȱlinesȱasȱtheȱsurroundingȱbuildingsȱandȱtheȱ corniceȱlineȱisȱalmostȱtheȱsame.ȱTheȱrecessedȱentranceȱandȱtheȱbubbleȱglassȱinȱtheȱ firstȱstoryȱwindowsȱseparateȱtheȱinhabitantsȱfromȱtheȱstreetȱinȱanȱuncharacteristicȱ way.ȱBecauseȱofȱtheȱsimilarityȱinȱoverallȱcolorȱandȱtexture,ȱthisȱbuildingȱdoesȱnotȱ disruptȱtheȱstreetwallȱbutȱaddsȱanȱelementȱofȱinterest,ȱmakingȱitȱaȱContextual.ȱȱ

501Ȭ05ȱandȱ525Ȭ33ȱSpruceȱStreetȱ

Aȱgroupȱofȱpropertiesȱonȱtheȱ500ȱblockȱofȱSpruceȱStreetȱstandȱoutȱasȱbeingȱ

Contrastors.ȱTheyȱareȱ#501Ȭ05ȱ(Imageȱ79)ȱandȱ#525Ȭ33ȱ(Imageȱ80)ȱandȱwereȱbuiltȱ inȱ1965ȱandȱ1960,ȱrespectively.ȱTheȱeightȱpropertiesȱcreateȱfourȱsetsȱofȱtwinsȱthatȱ areȱofȱtheȱsameȱdesign.ȱBetweenȱtheȱtwoȱsectionsȱisȱaȱrowȱofȱeightȱhistoricȱhousesȱ allȱbuiltȱinȱtheȱfirstȱhalfȱofȱtheȱnineteenthȱcentury.ȱTheȱfirstȱfeatureȱthatȱstandsȱoutȱ isȱtheȱlargeȱbayȱwindowȱthatȱdisruptsȱtheȱroofȱlineȱandȱtheȱstreetwallȱsurface.ȱ

Theseȱwindowsȱareȱatȱaȱmuchȱlargerȱscaleȱthanȱanyȱothersȱonȱtheȱblockȱandȱhaveȱ elongatedȱproportions.ȱTheȱrestȱofȱtheȱwindowsȱareȱsimpleȱandȱdoȱnotȱhaveȱ muchȱarticulationȱexceptȱforȱaȱnarrowȱsill.ȱTheȱnextȱexaggeratedȱfeatureȱisȱtheȱ

ȱ 157ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ stair.ȱItȱisȱlargerȱandȱmoreȱmonumentalȱthanȱtheȱotherȱstaircasesȱonȱtheȱblockȱandȱ leadsȱtoȱanȱentranceȱthatȱisȱmuchȱhigherȱoffȱtheȱstreet.ȱAlso,ȱbecauseȱitȱrunsȱ perpendicularȱtoȱtheȱstreet,ȱtheȱconnectionȱtoȱtheȱbuildingȱisȱmoreȱindirect.ȱTheȱ presenceȱofȱexternalȱstaircasesȱtoȱtheȱbasementȱisȱalsoȱanȱatypicalȱfeatureȱinȱthisȱ neighborhood.ȱTheȱbuildingȱdoesȱnotȱtouchȱtheȱadjoiningȱpropertyȱatȱtheȱ streetwall,ȱcausingȱevenȱmoreȱseparationȱbetweenȱmodernȱandȱhistoric.ȱTheȱ rhythmȱisȱmuchȱwiderȱthanȱthatȱcreatedȱbyȱtheȱbaysȱofȱtheȱhistoricȱbuildings.ȱTheȱ corniceȱlineȱisȱsimpleȱandȱthereȱisȱaȱhighlyȱarticulatedȱbrickȱcorbelȱdetailȱthatȱ separatesȱeachȱdwellingȱunit,ȱroughlyȱliningȱupȱtoȱthatȱofȱtheȱadjacentȱbuilding,ȱ inȱkeepingȱwithȱtheȱregulationsȱsetȱforthȱbyȱtheȱRedevelopmentȱAuthority.43ȱTheȱ otherȱsixȱunitsȱdoȱnotȱmatchȱtheirȱneighborsȱinȱheight,ȱbutȱthisȱisȱallowableȱ accordingȱtoȱtheȱaforementionedȱregulations.ȱOverall,ȱtheseȱunitsȱseemȱveryȱ monumentalȱandȱremovedȱfromȱtheȱstreetȱandȱtheȱrestȱofȱtheȱblock.ȱTheirȱlargerȱ scaleȱandȱexaggeratedȱfeaturesȱclearlyȱsetȱthemȱapartȱfromȱtheȱrestȱofȱtheȱblock.ȱ

332ȱDelanceyȱStreetȱ

Thisȱbuildingȱwasȱconstructedȱinȱ1987ȱ(Imageȱ81)ȱandȱisȱcharacterizedȱasȱaȱ

Contrastor.ȱThisȱbuildingȱwasȱconstructedȱafterȱtheȱjurisdictionȱofȱtheȱrenewalȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 43ȱWashingtonȱSquareȱEastȱUnitȱ2ȱUrbanȱRenewalȱPlanȱ–ȱseeȱAppendixȱBȱ ȱ 158ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ planȱended,ȱsoȱitȱisȱnotȱgovernedȱbyȱtheȱplan’sȱdesignȱguidelines.ȱItȱhasȱtheȱsameȱ generalȱproportionsȱasȱaȱhistoricȱrowhouseȱandȱaȱsimilarȱgeneralȱlayout,ȱbutȱtheȱ scaleȱofȱtheȱwindowsȱandȱtheȱcolorȱofȱtheȱfaçadeȱareȱcompletelyȱmodern.ȱTheȱ beltcourseȱisȱexaggeratedȱandȱtheȱcentralȱportionȱofȱtheȱfaçadeȱisȱrecessed.ȱTheȱ entranceȱisȱalmostȱdoubleȱtheȱwidthȱofȱtraditionalȱdoorsȱandȱtheȱplinthsȱonȱeitherȱ sideȱofȱtheȱstairȱareȱnotȱcommonlyȱfound.ȱTheseȱenlargedȱfeaturesȱmakeȱtheȱ buildingȱhaveȱaȱmonumentalȱfeelȱandȱmakeȱitȱstandȱoutȱfromȱtheȱothersȱonȱtheȱ block.ȱTheȱcorniceȱhasȱdistinctlyȱmodernȱdetailsȱthatȱalterȱtheȱroofline,ȱrecessingȱ itȱbackȱratherȱthanȱprojectingȱforwardȱfromȱtheȱwallȱsurface.ȱTheȱblendȱofȱhistoricȱ andȱmodernȱelementsȱisȱnotȱdoneȱinȱaȱwayȱthatȱmakesȱtheȱbuildingȱfitȱinȱwithȱitsȱ surroundings.ȱȱ

248Ȭ70ȱSouthȱOriannaȱStreetȱ(St.ȱJoseph’sȱWay)ȱ

Thisȱsetȱofȱbuildingsȱwasȱdesignedȱandȱbuiltȱinȱ1976ȱbyȱarchitectsȱI.ȱM.ȱPeiȱ andȱAssociatesȱ(Imageȱ82).ȱItȱisȱpartȱofȱaȱlargerȱcomplexȱcalledȱBinghamȱCourt,ȱ whichȱisȱaȱcourtyardȱdevelopmentȱonȱtheȱblockȱbetweenȱSouthȱThirdȱandȱFourthȱ

StreetsȱandȱWalnutȱandȱPineȱStreets.ȱOriannaȱStreetȱisȱaȱnorthȬsouthȱrunningȱ pedestrianȱwayȱthatȱisȱenteredȱfromȱSpruceȱStreetȱandȱendsȱinȱtheȱcourtyardȱofȱ

ȱ 159ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ BinghamȱCourt.ȱTheseȱsevenȱdwellingȱunitsȱareȱonȱtheȱwestȱsideȱofȱtheȱstreetȱ midwayȱfromȱSpruceȱtoȱtheȱCourt.ȱTheȱscaleȱofȱtheseȱbuildingsȱoverallȱisȱthatȱofȱ theȱtwoȬstoryȱdwellingsȱinȱtheȱdistrict,ȱbutȱtheȱscaleȱofȱtheȱfenestrationȱisȱaltered.ȱ

Theȱtopȱhalfȱofȱtheȱfacadeȱhasȱwindowsȱofȱtwoȱdifferentȱsizes.ȱTheȱentranceȱisȱ alsoȱhiddenȱbehindȱaȱwallȱthatȱseparatesȱtheȱprivateȱspaceȱconcretelyȱfromȱtheȱ publicȱspace,ȱwithdrawingȱtheȱbuilding,ȱasȱmanyȱofȱtheȱmodernȱbuildingsȱdo.ȱAȱ regularȱrhythmȱisȱcreatedȱthatȱgivesȱtheȱrowȱcontinuityȱandȱcohesion,ȱbutȱitȱisȱ clearlyȱaȱdifferentȱtypeȱthanȱinȱaȱtraditionalȱrowȱhouseȱneighborhood,ȱmakingȱ thisȱgroupȱContextuals.ȱ

Thisȱdevelopmentȱleadsȱintoȱaȱcourtyardȱdevelopment.ȱManyȱofȱtheseȱ wereȱcreatedȱduringȱtheȱredevelopmentȱbutȱbecauseȱtheyȱareȱusuallyȱinȱtheȱ centerȱofȱaȱblockȱandȱdoȱnotȱaddressȱtheȱstreetȱorȱhistoricȱstreetscapes,ȱtheirȱ analysisȱisȱnotȱincludedȱinȱthisȱthesis.ȱItȱisȱimportantȱtoȱnoteȱthatȱthisȱisȱaȱ typologyȱthatȱisȱstronglyȱrepresentedȱinȱSocietyȱHill,ȱoneȱthatȱpaysȱcarefulȱ attentionȱtoȱtheȱexistingȱstreetȱgridȱpatternȱandȱitsȱoverlayȱofȱsecondaryȱstreets.ȱȱ

604Ȭ616ȱAddisonȱStreetȱ

Thisȱsetȱofȱbuildingsȱisȱtwoȱdifferentȱdevelopments.ȱTheȱfirstȱisȱaȱgroupȱofȱ

ȱ 160ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ fourȱpostȬmodernȱbrickȱunits,ȱ#604Ȭ610,ȱbuiltȱinȱ1995ȱ(Imageȱ83).ȱTheȱfirstȱelementȱ thatȱisȱoutȱofȱplaceȱisȱtheȱgarageȱonȱtheȱfirstȱfloorȱdirectlyȱontoȱtheȱmainȱstreet.ȱ

Also,ȱtheȱgableȱendȱofȱtheȱroofȱisȱonȱtheȱmainȱfaçade,ȱanotherȱunusualȱfeature.ȱ

Theȱpatternȱinȱtheȱbrickȱofȱtheȱlighterȱcoloredȱshapesȱbetweenȱtheȱwindowsȱgivesȱ theȱfaçadeȱvariationȱbutȱdoesȱnotȱenhanceȱitsȱappearance.ȱȱ

Theȱsecondȱbuilding,ȱ#412Ȭ14ȱ(Imageȱ83),ȱisȱaȱthreeȬbayȱstuccoedȱstructureȱ withȱaȱrecessedȱcentralȱbay.ȱItȱwasȱbuiltȱinȱ1987Ȭ90.ȱTheȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱfaçadeȱisȱ lightȱcoloredȱandȱdividedȱintoȱlargeȱsquares,ȱgivingȱitȱtheȱpatternȱofȱlargeȱslabs.ȱ

ThereȱisȱalsoȱaȱgarageȱinȱtheȱrightȬmostȱbay.ȱTheȱwindowsȱareȱinȱribbonsȱofȱfourȱ andȱdivideȱtheȱfaçadeȱintoȱdistinctȱhorizontalȱbands.ȱTheȱentranceȱisȱonȱtheȱ recessedȱbayȱandȱisȱbehindȱaȱmetalȱgate,ȱcreatingȱaȱbarrierȱbetweenȱtheȱfrontȱdoorȱ andȱtheȱpedestrian.ȱȱ

Theseȱtwoȱsetsȱofȱbuildingsȱcontinueȱtheȱverticalȱrhythmȱofȱtheȱhistoricȱ district,ȱbutȱitȱisȱinȱtheirȱarchitecturalȱfeaturesȱandȱdetailsȱthatȱtheyȱareȱdistinctlyȱ modern.ȱTheȱuseȱofȱtheȱmaterialsȱandȱtheȱpatternsȱtheyȱcreateȱareȱofȱaȱstyleȱthatȱ doesȱnotȱfitȱinȱwithȱtheȱsurroundings,ȱmakingȱthemȱContrastors.ȱ

ȱ 161ȱ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ

ŚŗŝȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽ –ŠŽȱŝŘ

ŽŠ’•ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ—›Š—ŒŽȱ˜ȱŚŗŝȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ –ŠŽȱŝř ›ŽŽǯ ŗŜŘ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ

ŚŗşȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽ –ŠŽȱŝŚ

ŘśŝȬŝśȱ‘’›ȱ›ŽŽ –ŠŽȱŝś

ŗŜř ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ –ŠŽȱŝŜ śŘşȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ ›ŽŽ

–ŠŽȱŝŝ ŚŖŜȬŗŘȱ ŽŸŽ—‘ȱ ›ŽŽǯ

ŗŜŚ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ –ŠŽȱŝŞ Śřřȱ™›žŒŽȱ ›ŽŽ

–ŠŽȱŝş śŖŗȬŖśȱ™›žŒŽȱ ›ŽŽ

ŗŜś ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ –ŠŽȱŞŖ śŘśȬřřȱ™›žŒŽȱ ›ŽŽ

–ŠŽȱŞŗ řřŘȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ ›ŽŽ

ŗŜŜ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ –ŠŽȱŞŘ ŘśŖȬŝŖȱ ›’Š——Šȱ ›ŽŽ

–ŠŽȱŞř ŜŖŚȬŗŚȱ ’œ˜—ȱ ›ŽŽ

ŗŜŝ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ OverreachingȱThemesȱandȱConditionsȱ

Inȱthisȱanalysis,ȱseveralȱcommonȱthemesȱhaveȱbeenȱfoundȱthroughoutȱtheȱ studyȱarea.ȱBecauseȱmostȱofȱtheȱmodernȱbuildingsȱwereȱbuiltȱduringȱtheȱ redevelopmentȱperiodȱwhenȱtheȱdesignȱrestrictionsȱwereȱheavilyȱenforced,ȱthereȱ areȱveryȱfewȱexamplesȱofȱbuildingsȱthatȱareȱwildlyȱoutȱofȱplace.ȱEvenȱtheȱfewȱ

Contrastorsȱidentifiedȱareȱnotȱoutrageouslyȱdifferentȱfromȱtheirȱneighborsȱ–ȱtheyȱ allȱkeptȱwithȱtheȱsameȱgeneralȱmaterialsȱandȱsizeȱ–ȱbutȱtheyȱareȱtheȱbuildingsȱthatȱ standȱoutȱtheȱmostȱagainstȱtheirȱcontext.ȱ

TheȱdistributionȱofȱtheȱthreeȱtypesȱofȱbuildingsȱisȱoutlinedȱinȱTableȱ5.ȱ

Initially,ȱtheȱbuildingsȱthatȱwereȱselectedȱfromȱthroughoutȱSocietyȱHillȱthatȱwereȱ notȱpartȱofȱtheȱthreeȱinitialȱstudyȱareaȱblocksȱwereȱchosenȱtoȱbeȱrepresentativeȱofȱ

Contrastorsȱbecauseȱnotȱmanyȱexamplesȱwereȱonȱtheseȱblocks.ȱAsȱanalysisȱ progressed,ȱtheȱideasȱofȱwhatȱconstitutedȱeachȱcategoryȱchanged,ȱandȱmanyȱofȱ theȱbuildingȱthatȱwereȱinitiallyȱchosenȱasȱContrastorsȱbecameȱtypeȱtwoȱbuildingsȱ andȱaȱfewȱofȱtheȱContextualsȱbecameȱContrastors.ȱȱ

Theȱinitialȱhypothesisȱwasȱthatȱtheȱmodernȱbuildingsȱfitȱintoȱthreeȱdistinctȱ categoriesȱandȱitȱwasȱthisȱdivisionȱthatȱaffectedȱtheȱstreetscapeȱandȱitsȱperception.ȱ ȱ 168ȱ ‘Š™Ž›ȱŚ Š‹•Žȱś ’œ›’‹ž’˜—ȱ˜ȱž’•’—ȱ¢™˜•˜’Žœȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱž¢ȱ›ŽŠ

¢™Žȱŗ ¢™ŽȱŘ ¢™Žȱř

ŘŖŗ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ ŗŖŗȱ˜ȱŗŘş Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ ŗŖŖ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ ŘŖř Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ ŗŗŖȬŗŘ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ ŗŖŘ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ ŘŖś Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ ŗŗŜȬŗŞ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ ŗřŚȬřŜ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ ŘŖŝ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ ŘŖŞȬŗŘ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ ŜřŝȬŚř ’—Ž ŘŖş Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ ŘŘŜ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ ŜŖŚȱ˜ȱŗŖ ’œ˜—Ș Řŗŗ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ ŘŘŞȬřŖ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ ŜŗŘȬŗŚ ’œ˜—Ș Řŗř Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ ŘřśȬřŝ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ řřŘ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢Ș Řŗś Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ ŜŖŝ ’—Ž śŖŗȱ˜ȱśŖś ™›žŒŽȘ ŘŗŞ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ ŜŖşȬŗŗ ’—Ž śŘśȱ˜ȱśřř ™›žŒŽȘ ŘŘŖ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ŝŗř ’—Ž Řŗ ŘŚŖ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ŝřŗ ’—Ž ŜŚŘ ’—Ž Ŝřř ’—Ž ŜŚŚ ’—Ž ŜŗŞ ’—Ž Śŗş ’—ŽȘ ŜŘŖ ’—Ž ŗŚ ŜŘŘ ’—Ž ŜŘŚ ’—Ž ŜŘŜ ’—Ž Śŗŝ ’—ŽȘ Śřř ™›žŒŽȘ śŘş Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢Ș ŚŖŜȱ˜ȱŚŗŘ Ŗŝ Ș ŘśŖȱ˜ȱŘŝŖ ›’Š——ŠȘ Řśŝȱ˜ȱŘŝś ŖřȘ śŝ

›˜–ȱ‘Žȱ‘›ŽŽȱ‹•˜Œ”œ ŗř řŖ ś

›˜–ȱ‘Žȱ˜‘Ž›ȱ™›˜™Ž›’Žœ ŗŘŝŗŜ

Ș‹ž’•’—œȱ—˜ȱ˜—ȱ‘Žȱ‘›ŽŽȱŒ˜–™•ŽŽȱ‹•˜Œ”œ

ŗŜş Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ Afterȱanalysis,ȱitȱbecameȱclearȱthatȱitȱwasȱnotȱaȱspecificȱcontextualȱ approachȱ–ȱi.e.ȱImitator,ȱContextualȱorȱContrastorȱ–ȱthatȱaffectedȱtheȱstreetscape,ȱ butȱratherȱaȱseriesȱofȱelementsȱcommonȱtoȱall.ȱTheseȱmainȱelementsȱare:ȱentranceȱ condition,ȱdistributionȱofȱwindowȬtoȬwallȱsurface,ȱplacementȱandȱpatternȱofȱ fenestration,ȱrecessesȱorȱprotrusionsȱinȱtheȱstreetwall,ȱscaleȱofȱarchitecturalȱ elements,ȱandȱcolor.ȱItȱisȱwithȱtheseȱelementsȱthatȱtheȱmodernȱbuildingsȱsetȱ themselvesȱapartȱfromȱtheȱhistoricȱfabric,ȱbutȱitȱisȱwithȱtheseȱsameȱaspectsȱthatȱ theyȱaddȱtoȱtheȱcharacterȱofȱtheȱstreetscapesȱandȱcontinueȱtheȱhistoricȱvariationȱ withȱmodernȱcounterpartsȱandȱvariations.ȱ

OneȱofȱtheȱthemesȱthatȱmostȱofȱtheȱContextualsȱpossessedȱwasȱaȱchangeȱinȱ theȱentranceȱconditionȱfromȱtheȱhistoricȱtradition.ȱManyȱofȱtheȱentrancesȱareȱ recessedȱorȱturnedȱawayȱfromȱtheȱstreet,ȱandȱmanyȱhaveȱfences,ȱwalls,ȱorȱgatesȱ betweenȱthemȱandȱtheȱsidewalk/street.ȱAcrossȱallȱthreeȱblocks,ȱthereȱareȱmultipleȱ examplesȱofȱthis.ȱTheȱentranceȱofȱ102ȱDelanceyȱStreetȱ(Imageȱ35)ȱisȱrecessedȱintoȱ theȱfaçadeȱbehindȱaȱcutȬoutȱinȱtheȱfaçade;ȱ208Ȭ12ȱDelanceyȱStreetȱ(Imageȱ17)ȱhasȱaȱ centralȱrecessedȱportionȱwithȱtheȱentrancesȱinȱtheȱcenter;ȱtheȱrowȱofȱ618Ȭ26ȱPineȱ

Streetȱ(Imagesȱ63ȱandȱ64)ȱhasȱentrancesȱthatȱareȱturnedȱawayȱfromȱandȱ

ȱ 170ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ perpendicularȱtoȱtheȱstreet,ȱwithȱgatesȱseparatingȱtheȱsidewalkȱfromȱtheȱentrance;ȱ andȱ417ȱPineȱStreetȱ(Imageȱ73)ȱrecessesȱbackȱinȱsteps,ȱfromȱtheȱcrackedȱbrickȱ circle,ȱtoȱtheȱmetalȱgate,ȱendingȱinȱtheȱentrance.ȱ

Anotherȱmotifȱisȱtheȱoverallȱscaleȱofȱfaçadeȱelements,ȱespeciallyȱasȱ representedȱbyȱtheȱratioȱofȱwindowȬtoȬwallȱsurfaceȱandȱtheȱdistributionȱofȱtheseȱ twoȱelements.ȱManyȱofȱtheȱContextualsȱandȱContrastorsȱareȱatȱeitherȱextremeȱofȱ thisȱratio.ȱSomeȱhaveȱmuchȱmoreȱwindow,ȱwhileȱothersȱhaveȱlargerȱexpansesȱofȱ brickȱsurface,ȱoftenȱwithȱtheȱsizeȱofȱtheȱwindowsȱvaryingȱalongȱtheȱbuildingȱ facades,ȱwithȱsomeȱveryȱlargeȱwindowsȱcoupledȱwithȱmuchȱsmallerȱones.ȱTheseȱ aspectsȱareȱapparentȱisȱbuildingsȱsuchȱasȱ102ȱDelanceyȱStreetȱ(Imageȱ35),ȱ134Ȭ36ȱ

DelanceyȱStreetȱ(Imageȱ39),ȱ228Ȭ30ȱDelanceyȱStreetȱ(Imageȱ19),ȱ639Ȭ43ȱPineȱStreetȱ

(Imageȱ54),ȱ501Ȭ505ȱandȱ525Ȭ33ȱSpruceȱStreetȱ(Imagesȱ79ȱandȱ80),ȱandȱ332ȱ

DelanceyȱStreetȱ(Imageȱ81).ȱȱ

Theȱlastȱmajorȱoverreachingȱthemeȱisȱrecessesȱorȱprotrusionsȱinȱtheȱ streetwallȱsurface.ȱTheȱmodernȱbuildingsȱhaveȱmoreȱvariationȱinȱtheirȱfacadesȱ thanȱtheȱhistoricȱbuildings,ȱwithȱgreaterȱvariationsȱinȱsolidȱandȱvoidȱ relationships.ȱMostȱofȱtheȱhistoricȱbuildingsȱdoȱnotȱhaveȱelementsȱthatȱextendȱ

ȱ 171ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ beyondȱtheȱstreetwallȱsurfaceȱwithȱtheȱexceptionȱofȱtheȱtwoȱonȱ600ȱblockȱofȱPineȱ

Streetȱthatȱwereȱbothȱbuiltȱaroundȱtheȱturnȱofȱtheȱtwentiethȱcenturyȱ(#621ȱandȱ

#638,ȱImagesȱ51ȱandȱ66).ȱThisȱbecomesȱaȱfocalȱpointȱinȱtheȱstreetwallȱbecauseȱitȱisȱ onȱaȱdifferentȱplaneȱthanȱtheȱrestȱofȱtheȱfaçade.ȱAȱfewȱofȱtheȱmodernȱbuildingsȱ withȱthisȱelementȱareȱ100ȱDelanceyȱStreetȱ(Imageȱ35),ȱ406Ȭ12ȱSeventhȱStreetȱ

(Imageȱ77),ȱandȱtheȱbuildingsȱonȱtheȱ500ȱBlockȱofȱSpruceȱ(Imagesȱ79ȱandȱ80).ȱȱ

ZoningȱIssuesȱ

Oneȱlastȱelementȱtoȱnoteȱisȱtheȱissueȱofȱzoningȱandȱitsȱimpactȱonȱtheȱdesignȱ ofȱbuildingsȱinȱSocietyȱHill.ȱBecauseȱSocietyȱHillȱdoesȱnotȱfallȱunderȱtheȱ regulationȱofȱanyȱhistoricȱdistrictȱguidelines,ȱtheȱonlyȱlegalȱrestrictionsȱplacedȱonȱ newȱarchitectureȱisȱthroughȱzoning.ȱTheseȱzoningȱlawsȱcontrolȱelementsȱsuchȱasȱ buildingȱheight,ȱnumberȱofȱstories,ȱwidth,ȱtypeȱ(detached,ȱsemiȬdetached,ȱ attached),ȱandȱopenȱspaceȱrequirements.44ȱItȱisȱtheseȱrequirementsȱthatȱhaveȱkeptȱ theȱmodernȱarchitectureȱsimilarȱinȱscale,ȱheightȱandȱsetbackȱtoȱtheȱsurroundingȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 44ȱAllȱofȱtheȱbuildingsȱinȱtheȱstudyȱareaȱfallȱintoȱeitherȱR10ȱorȱR10Aȱzoningȱdistricts.ȱR10ȱisȱMultiȬFamilyȱ Twin/RowȱandȱR10AȱisȱSingleȬFamilyȱTwin/Row.ȱForȱtheȱpurposesȱofȱthisȱthesis,ȱtheseȱtwoȱzoningȱ categoriesȱareȱsimilarȱenoughȱtoȱbeȱconsideredȱtheȱsame.ȱTheȱregulationsȱthatȱpertainȱtoȱthisȱthesisȱareȱtheȱ following:ȱminimumȱlotȱwidthȱisȱ16ȱfeet;ȱmaximumȱbuildingȱheightȱisȱ35ȱfeet;ȱmaximumȱnumberȱofȱstoriesȱisȱ 3;ȱpermittedȱbuildingȱtypesȱareȱdetached,ȱsemiȬdetachedȱorȱattached;ȱandȱmultiplesȱbuildingsȱperȱlotȱisȱnotȱ allowed.ȱTheȱPhiladelphiaȱCodeȱandȱCharter,ȱTitleȱ14:ȱZoningȱandȱPlanning,ȱChapterȱ14Ȭ200ȱResidentialȱ Districts,ȱ§14Ȭ205.ȱ(http://municipalcodes.lexisnexis.com/codes/philadelphia/,ȱȱAprilȱ16,ȱ2005)ȱ ȱ 172ȱ Chapterȱ4ȱ ȱ existingȱfabric.ȱAllȱnewȱconstructionȱmustȱfallȱwithinȱtheseȱcodes.ȱTheȱreasonȱthatȱ theȱheightȱandȱgeneralȱscaleȱofȱtheȱbuildingsȱisȱsimilarȱwhileȱthereȱisȱvariationȱinȱ architecturalȱelementsȱandȱstyleȱisȱdueȱtoȱtheȱzoningȱcodes.ȱInȱtheȱcaseȱofȱSocietyȱ

Hill,ȱzoningȱhasȱprovidedȱaȱconsistentȱlevelȱofȱoverallȱphysicalȱprotectionȱ–ȱatȱ leastȱatȱtheȱlevelȱofȱoverallȱbulk,ȱheightȱandȱdensity.ȱAtȱtheȱsameȱtime,ȱtheȱ guidelinesȱandȱtheirȱimplementationȱthroughȱtheȱthreeȱinfillȱcategoriesȱanalyzedȱ hereinȱhaveȱresultedȱinȱaȱphysicallyȱvariedȱbutȱbroadlyȱconsistentȱhistoricȱ district.

ȱ 173ȱ ȱ ȱ

Chapterȱ5ȱ

ȱ Twoȱvitalȱinfluencesȱofȱarchitectureȱareȱchangeȱandȱgrowth.ȱ

Withoutȱtheseȱaspects,ȱarchitectureȱasȱweȱknowȱitȱwouldȱnotȱexist.ȱBut,ȱasȱ architectureȱevolves,ȱmoreȱissuesȱarise,ȱmanyȱinvolvingȱtheȱexistingȱbuiltȱ environmentȱandȱtheȱcontextȱinȱwhichȱnewȱarchitectureȱmustȱfit.ȱNewȱandȱoldȱ architectureȱhasȱcoȬexistedȱforȱasȱlongȱasȱhumansȱhaveȱbeenȱconstructingȱ buildings,ȱbutȱperhapsȱonlyȱinȱtheȱlastȱfewȱhundredȱyearsȱhasȱtheȱrelationshipȱ beenȱsoȱcarefullyȱscrutinized.ȱWithȱtheȱgrowingȱrealizationȱthatȱourȱpastȱshouldȱ beȱpreserved,ȱhowȱweȱbuildȱinȱthisȱcontextȱhasȱcomeȱunderȱgreatȱscrutiny.ȱTheȱ processȱofȱdesignȱhasȱbeenȱalteredȱandȱwithȱthatȱhowȱweȱperceiveȱmodernȱ architecture.ȱȱ

TheȱhistoricȱarchitectureȱofȱSocietyȱHillȱisȱvibrantȱandȱvariedȱinȱaȱwayȱthatȱ mayȱnotȱbeȱasȱobviousȱtoȱusȱnowȱasȱitȱwasȱinȱtheȱpast.ȱTheȱstylesȱofȱtheȱlateȱ ȱ 174ȱ ȱ ȱ eighteenthȱcenturyȱareȱveryȱdifferentȱfromȱthoseȱinȱtheȱmiddleȱandȱendȱofȱtheȱ nineteenthȱcentury,ȱbutȱbecauseȱtheyȱareȱallȱconsideredȱ“historic,”ȱallȱofȱtheseȱ stylesȱareȱacceptableȱinȱtheȱdistrict.ȱManyȱofȱtheȱmodernȱbuildingsȱthatȱhaveȱ aidedȱinȱfillingȱinȱtheȱgapsȱinȱtheȱhistoricȱfabricȱareȱdesignedȱinȱaȱsimilarȱwayȱtoȱ theȱexistingȱhistoricȱfabric,ȱbutȱmanyȱothersȱhaveȱalsoȱtakenȱonȱtheȱdesignȱ challengeȱtoȱbeȱaȱrecordȱofȱtheȱtimeȱinȱwhichȱtheyȱwereȱdesigned,ȱandȱhaveȱ createdȱtheirȱownȱarchitecturalȱvocabularyȱthatȱisȱinfluencedȱbyȱtheȱpastȱwhileȱ alsoȱdisplayingȱelementsȱofȱtheȱpresent.ȱ

Theȱmodernȱbuildingsȱcreateȱvariationȱinȱtheȱblocksȱandȱgiveȱthemȱaȱsenseȱ ofȱchangeȱandȱgrowth.ȱSocietyȱHillȱhasȱallowedȱforȱdifferentȱtypesȱofȱmodernȱ buildingsȱandȱisȱricherȱforȱit.ȱTheseȱbuildingsȱshowȱthatȱSocietyȱHillȱisȱaȱlivingȱ placeȱthatȱhasȱnotȱbeenȱfrozenȱinȱtimeȱandȱpreservedȱinȱaȱfalseȱway.ȱDespiteȱtheȱ factȱthatȱsomeȱofȱtheȱdesignȱmayȱnotȱbeȱsympatheticȱtoȱtheȱoverallȱthemesȱofȱtheȱ district,ȱtheȱoverallȱlevelȱofȱdetailȱandȱqualityȱofȱconstructionȱcontributesȱtoȱtheȱ heterogeneityȱofȱtheȱdistrict.ȱȱ

ȱ 175ȱ ȱ ȱ

Appendicesȱ

ȱ

ȱ 176ȱ ™™Ž—’¡ȱ Šœ‘’—˜—ȱšžŠ›ŽȱŠœȱ—’ȱŗȱ ›‹Š—ȱŽ—Ž Š•ȱ•Š—

‘Žȱ˜••˜ ’—ȱ’œȱŠȱŒ˜—Ž—œŽȱŸŽ›œ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ›Ž—Ž Š•ȱ™•Š—ȱ™›˜žŒŽȱ’—ȱŗşśŞȱ ‹¢ȱ‘ŽȱŽŽŸŽ•˜™–Ž—ȱž‘˜›’¢ȱ˜ȱ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’Šǯȱ‘Žȱ™•Š—ȱ’œȱ’—ȱ˜ž•’—Žȱ˜›–ȱ Š—ȱ‘Žȱ™˜›’˜—œȱ™Ž›Š’—’—ȱ˜ȱ—Ž ȱŒ˜—œ›žŒ’˜—ǰȱ’—’ŒŠŽȱ’—ȱ‹˜•ǰȱ‘ŠŸŽȱ‹ŽŽ—ȱ ’—Œ•žŽȱ’—ȱž••ǰȱȱ ‘’•Žȱ‘Žȱ˜‘Ž›ȱœŽŒ’˜—ȱ‘ŽŠ’—œȱŠ›Žȱ™›˜Ÿ’ŽȱŠœȱŠȱŒ˜—Ž¡ȱŠœȱ˜ȱ ’ŸŽȱŠȱŽ—Ž›Š•ȱ˜ž•’—Žȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ˜Œž–Ž—ǯ

Š‹•Žȱ˜ȱ˜—Ž—œ ǯȱ ŽœŒ›’™’˜—ȱ˜ȱ›˜“ŽŒ ŗǯȱ ˜ž—Š›’Žœȱ˜ȱ›‹Š—ȱŽ—Ž Š•ȱ›ŽŠ Řǯȱ ¢™Žœȱ˜ȱ›˜™˜œŽȱŽ—Ž Š•ȱŒ’˜—œ ǯȱ Š—ȱœŽȱ•Š— ŗǯȱ Š—ȱœŽȱŠ™ Řǯȱ Š—ȱœŽȱ›˜Ÿ’œ’˜—œȱŠ—ȱž’•’—ȱŽšž’›Ž–Ž—œ Šǯȱ œŽœȱ˜ȱ‹ŽȱŽ›–’ĴŽ ǻŗǼȱŽœ’Ž—’Š•ȱ’œ›’Œœǯȱ••ȱœžŒ‘ȱ’œ›’Œœȱœ‘Š••ȱ‹Žȱ™›Ž˜–’—ŠŽ•¢ȱ’—ȱ ›Žœ’Ž—’Š•ȱžœŽǯ ǻŠǼȱ¡ŒŽ™’˜—œ ǻ‹ǼȱœŽœȱ’—ȱ™Š›–Ž—ȱ’œ›’Œœ ǻŘǼȱ˜––Ž›Œ’Š•ȱ’œ›’Œœ ǻřǼȱž‹•’ŒȱŠ—ȱŽ–’Ȭž‹•’Œȱ’œ›’Œœ ǻŚǼȱž‹•’ŒȱŽŒ›ŽŠ’˜—ȱ’œ›’Œœ ǻśǼȱ’‘Ȭ˜ȬŠ¢ȱ’œ›’Œœ ‹ǯȱ ’’˜—Š•ȱŽž•Š’˜—œǰȱ˜—›˜•œǰȱŠ—ȱŽœ›’Œ’˜—œȱ˜›ȱ™›˜™Ž›’Žœȱ˜ȱ‹Žȱ ŠŒšž’›Ž ǻŗǼȱŽœ’Ž—’Š•ȱȮȱ‘Žȱ˜••˜ ’—ȱ›Žž•Š’˜—œȱŠ—ȱŒ˜—›˜•œȱœ‘Š••ȱŠ™™•¢ǯ ǻŠǼȱ•˜˜›ȱ›ŽŠȱŠ’˜ ǻ‹Ǽȱž’•’—ȱ˜ŸŽ›ŠŽ ǻŒǼȱ Ž ȱ Ž••’—ȱ—’ȱŽ—œ’¢ ǻǼȱž’•’—ȱ Ž’‘ ’ǯȱ ™Š›–Ž—ȱ’œ›’ŒœȱŽŠœȱ˜ȱ‘’›ȱ›ŽŽ ’’ǯȱ ™Š›–Ž—ȱ’œ›’Œœȱ Žœȱ˜ȱ‘’›ȱ›ŽŽ ’’’ǯȱ Ž’‘ȱ˜ȱ—Ž ȱ‹ž’•’—œȱ’—ȱ’¡ŽȱŽœ’Ž—’Š•ȱ’œ›’Œœȱ œ‘Š••ȱ—˜ȱŽ¡ŒŽŽȱ‘›ŽŽȱœ˜›’ŽœǰȱŽ¡Œ•žœ’ŸŽȱ˜ȱŠĴ’ŒœȱŠ—ȱ ‹ŠœŽ–Ž—œȱ˜›ȱŒŽ••Š›œǯ ’Ÿǯȱ ‘Ž›Žȱ•Žœœȱ‘Š—ȱ˜ž›ȱ—Ž ȱœ›žŒž›ŽœȱŠ›Žȱ‹ž’•ȱ˜ȱ˜ŒŒž™¢ȱ ‘Žȱ›˜—ŠŽȱ‹Ž ŽŽ—ȱ›˜ œȱ˜ȱ›Ž‘Š‹’•’ŠŽȱœ›žŒž›Žœǰȱ‘Žȱ ‘Ž’‘ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ—Ž ȱœ›žŒž›Žœȱœ‘Š••ȱ‹Žȱ‘ŽȱœŠ–ŽȱŠœȱ‘Šȱ˜ȱ

ŗŝŝ ™™Ž—’¡ȱ ‘ŽȱŒ˜›—’ŒŽȱ‘Ž’‘ǰȱ˜›ȱ˜™ȱ˜ȱ›˜—ȱ Š••ǰȱ˜ȱŽ’‘Ž›ȱŽ—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ Š“ŠŒŽ—ȱœ›žŒž›Žœǯ ǻŽǼȱěȬ›ŽŽȱŠ›”’— ǻǼȱ Š•” Š¢œ ǻǼȱŠœŽ–Ž—œ ǻ‘ǼȱŽ‘Š‹’•’Š’˜—ȱŠ—Š›œȱ˜ȱ›žŒž›Žœȱ˜ȱ‹ŽȱŠŒšž’›Žǯ ’ǯȱ Ž‘Š‹’•’Š’˜—ȱ˜ȱœ›žŒž›Žœȱ’œȱ’—Œ’Ž—Š•ȱ˜ȱœ•ž–ȱ Œ•ŽŠ›Š—ŒŽȱŠ—ȱ›ŽŽŸŽ•˜™–Ž—ǯȱ›žŒž›Žœȱ˜ȱ‹ŽȱŠŒšž’›Žȱ ˜›ȱ›Ž‘Š‹’•’Š’˜—ȱŠ›Žȱ’Ž—’ꮍȱ˜—ȱŠ™ȱž–‹Ž›ȱřǰȱ Œšž’œ’’˜—ǰȱ•ŽŠ›Š—ŒŽȱŠ—ȱŽ‘Š‹’•’Š’˜—ȱ•Š—ǯȱ ȱŒ˜—œž•Š—ȱ‘Šœȱ‹ŽŽ—ȱŽ—ŠŽȱ‹¢ȱ‘Žȱž‘˜›’¢ȱ˜ȱœž›ŸŽ¢ȱ ‘Žȱœ›žŒž›ŽœȱœŒ‘Žž•Žȱ˜›ȱ›Ž‘Š‹’•’Š’˜—ȱ ˜›”ȱŠ—ȱ˜ȱ ŽŽ›–’—Žȱ˜›ȱŽŠŒ‘ȱœ›žŒž›Žȱ‘Žȱ ˜›”ȱ—ŽŽŽȱ˜ȱœŠ’œ¢ȱ ‘ŽȱœŠ—Š›œȱŽ—ž–Ž›ŠŽȱ‹Ž•˜ ǯȱ‘Žȱž‘˜›’¢ȱ ’••ȱ ŠĴŽ–™ȱ˜ȱŽ—Ž›ȱ’—˜ȱŠ›ŽŽ–Ž—œȱ ’‘ȱ˜›–Ž›ȱ˜ —Ž›œȱ˜ȱ Œ˜–™•ŽŽȱ‘Žȱ›Žšž’›Žȱ ˜›”ǯȱ—ŒŽȱœžŒ‘ȱŠ—ȱŠ›ŽŽ–Ž—ȱ‘Šœȱ ‹ŽŽ—ȱŒ˜–™•ŽŽǰȱ’•Žȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ™›˜™Ž›¢ȱ ’••ȱ‹Žȱ›Žž›—Žȱ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ˜›–Ž›ȱ˜ —Ž›ǯȱ›˜™Ž›’Žœȱ˜›ȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱ—˜ȱŠ›ŽŽ–Ž—ȱ’œȱ Œ˜–™•ŽŽȱ ’••ȱ‹Žȱœ˜•ȱ‹¢ȱ‘Žȱž‘˜›’¢ȱ˜›ȱ›Žœ˜›Š’˜—ǯ ’’ǯȱ ‘Ž›Žȱ›Ž‘Š‹’•’Š’˜—ȱ’œȱ‹Ž’—ȱŒŠ››’Žȱ˜žǰȱ‘Žȱ˜••˜ ’—ȱ œŠŽ–Ž—œȱŽœŒ›’‹Žȱ‘Žȱ™›˜™˜œŠ•œȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽŽŸŽ•˜™–Ž—ȱ ž‘˜›’¢ȱ ’‘ȱ›Žœ™ŽŒȱ˜ȱœ›žŒž›Žœȱ˜ȱ‹Žȱ›Ž‘Š‹’•’ŠŽǯ Šǯȱ ˜›ȱ‘Žȱ›Ž‘Š‹’•’Š’˜—ȱœ›žŒž›ŽȱŠȱŗřŖȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱ Š“ŠŒŽ—ȱ•˜ȱŠȱŗřŘȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽǰȱ‘Žȱ˜••˜ ’—ȱ›Žšž’›Ž–Ž—œȱœ‘Š••ȱ Š™™•¢DZ ǻŗǼȱ‘Žȱž—’–™›˜ŸŽȱ™Š›ŒŽ•ȱŠȱŗřŘȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽȱœ‘Š••ȱ‹ŽȱŽŸŽ•˜™Žȱ Šœȱ•Š—œŒŠ™Žȱ˜™Ž—ȱœ™ŠŒŽȱŠȱ‘Žȱ›˜—ȱ™˜›’˜—ȱ˜›ȱŠȱŽ™‘ȱ˜ȱ  Ž—¢ȬœŽŸŽ—ȱǻŘŝǼȱŽŽȱ›˜–ȱ‘Žȱ›˜—ȱ™›˜™Ž›¢ȱ•’—Žǯ ǻŘǼȱ˜ȱœŽ™Š›ŠŽȱœ›žŒž›Žȱœ‘Š••ȱ‹ŽȱŒ˜—œ›žŒŽȱ˜—ȱ‘Žȱ‹Š•Š—ŒŽȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ ™Š›ŒŽ•ȱ‹Ž¢˜—ȱ‘Žȱ Ž—¢ȬœŽŸŽ—ȱǻŘŝǼȱŽŽDzȱ‘˜ ŽŸŽ›ȱŠ—ȱŠ’’˜—ȱ ˜ȱ‘Žȱœ›žŒž›ŽȱŠȱŗřŖȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽȱ–Š¢ȱ‹Žȱ‹ž’•ȱ’—ȱ‘’œȱ ›Ž–Š’—’—ȱŠ›ŽŠȱǻŗŞȂşȄȱ¡ȱśřȂŖȄǼǯ ǻřǼȱ—¢ȱŽ¡Ž—œ’˜—ȱ˜ȱŗřŖȱǭȱŗřŘȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽȱœ‘Š••ȱ‹Žȱ•’–’Žȱ˜ȱ ŜŖƖȱŒ˜ŸŽ›ŠŽȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŒ˜–‹’—Žȱ•˜œǯ ǻŚǼȱěȬœ›ŽŽȱ™Š›”’—ȱ’œȱ—˜ȱ™Ž›–’ĴŽǯ ‹ǯȱ ›žŒž›Žœȱ˜ȱ‹Žȱ›Ž‘Š‹’•’ŠŽȱ ’••ȱ‹Žȱœž‹“ŽŒȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ™›˜“ŽŒȱœŠ—Š›œȱ ˜›ȱ›Ž‘Š‹’•’Š’˜—ȱœ™ŽŒ’ꮍȱ‘Ž›Ž’—ǰȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱ›Žž•Š’˜—œȱŠ—ȱŒ˜—›˜•œȱ ‘Ž›Ž’—ȱœ™ŽŒ’ꮍȱ˜›ȱ™›˜™Ž›’Žœȱ˜ȱ‹ŽȱŠŒšž’›Žȱ‹¢ȱ‘ŽȱŽŽŸŽ•˜™–Ž—ȱ ž‘˜›’¢ǯ Œǯȱ ‘Žȱ™›˜“ŽŒȱŠ—Š›œȱ˜ȱ‹ŽȱŽœŠ‹•’œ‘ŽȱŠœȱ˜‹“ŽŒ’ŸŽœȱ˜›ȱœŠ’œŠŒ˜›¢ȱ

ŗŝŞ ™™Ž—’¡ȱ ›Ž‘Š‹’•’Š’˜—ȱœ‘Š••ȱ’—Œ•žŽDZ ǻŗǼȱ˜—˜›–’¢ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ›Žž•Š’˜—œȱŠ—ȱŒ˜—›˜•œȱœ™ŽŒ’ꮍȱ’—ȱŽŒ’˜—ȱ ȃȄȱ˜ȱ‘’œȱ›‹Š—ȱŽ—Ž Š•ȱ•Š— ǻŘǼȱ‘Žȱ˜••˜ ’—ȱœŠ—Š›œȱ ’‘ȱ›Žœ™ŽŒȱ˜ȱ›Ž‘Š‹’•’Š’˜— ǻŠǼȱž’•’—ȱ›žŒž›Ž ’ǯȱ ••ȱ˜ž—Š’˜—ȱ Š••œǰȱŽ¡Ž›’˜›ȱ Š••œǰȱ›˜˜œȱŠ—ȱŒ‘’–—Ž¢œǰȱ ̘˜›’—ȱŠ—ȱœž™™˜›’—ȱŒ˜—œ›žŒ’˜—ǰȱ’—Ž›’˜›ȱ™Š›’’˜—œǰȱ ™˜›Œ‘ŽœǰȱŽ¡Ž›’˜›ȱŠ—ȱ’—Ž›’˜›ȱœŠ’› Š¢œȱŠ—ȱ›Š’•œǰȱ ’—˜ œȱ Š—ȱ ’—˜ ȱ›Š–Žœǰȱ˜˜›ȱŠ—ȱ˜˜›ȱ›Š–ŽœǰȱŠ—ȱꛎȱ ŽœŒŠ™ŽœȱŠ›Žȱ˜ȱ‹ŽȱœŠŽ•¢ȱŒ˜—œ›žŒŽȱŠ—ȱ’—ȱ˜˜ȱŒ˜—’’˜—Dz ’’ǯȱ ••ȱ›Š’— ŠŽ›ȱ’œȱ˜ȱ‹Žȱ›Š’—Žȱœ˜ȱ‘ŠȱŽŸŽ›¢ȱœ›žŒž›Žȱ’œȱ›ŽŽȱ ˜ȱŠ–™—ŽœœDzȱŠ••ȱžĴŽ›œȱŠ—ȱ˜ —œ™˜žœȱŠ›Žȱ˜ȱ‹ŽȱœŠŽ•¢ȱ Œ˜—œ›žŒŽȱŠ—ȱ’—ȱ˜˜ȱŒ˜—’’˜—Dz ’’’ǯȱ••ȱ‹ŠœŽ–Ž—ȱ˜›ȱŒ›Š •ȱœ™ŠŒŽœȱŠ›Žȱ˜ȱ‹Žȱ›ŽŽȱ˜ȱŠ–™—Žœœǰȱ ™›˜™Ž›•¢ȱ›Š’—ŽȱŠ—ȱŸŽ—’•ŠŽDzȱŽŸŽ›¢ȱ‹ŠœŽ–Ž—ȱžœŽȱŠœȱŠȱ  Ž••’—ȱž—’ȱ’œȱ˜ȱ™›˜Ÿ’ŽȱŠŽšžŠŽȱ ’—˜ ȱœ™ŠŒŽȱ•˜ŒŠŽȱ Ž—’›Ž•¢ȱŠ‹˜ŸŽȱ›˜ž—ǯ ǻ‹Ǽȱ˜˜–œ ǻŒǼȱ Š—’Š›¢ȱŠŒ’•’’ŽœȱŠ—ȱšž’™–Ž— ǻǼȱ•ŽŒ›’ŒŠ•ȱž•ŽœȱŠȱ’›’— ǻŽǼȱ ŽŠ’—ȱŠŒ’•’’Žœ ǻǼȱ ŒŒŽœœȱŠ—ȱ›Žœœ ǻǼȱ Š£Š›œȱŠ—ȱž’œŠ—ŒŽœ ǻ‘Ǽȱž’•’—ȱ˜Žœ ǻřǼȱ˜––Ž›Œ’Š• ǻŠǼȱ ǻ‹Ǽȱž’•’—ȱ˜ŸŽ›ŠŽ ǻŒǼȱ ž’•’—ȱ Ž’‘ ǻǼȱž’•’—ȱŽ‹ŠŒ” ǻŽǼȱŠ›”’—ȱ™ŠŒŽ ǻǼȱ ˜Š’—ȱ™ŠŒŽ ǻŚǼȱž‹•’ŒȱŠ—ȱŽ–’Ȭž‹•’Œ ǻŠǼȱ ǻ‹Ǽȱž’•’—ȱ˜ŸŽ›ŠŽ ǻŒǼȱ ž’•’—ȱ Ž’‘ ǻǼȱěȬ›ŽŽȱŠ›”’— ǻśǼȱž‹•’ŒȱŽŒ›ŽŠ’˜— ǻŜǼȱŸŽ›Š••ȱ˜—›˜•œȱȮȱ‘Žȱ˜••˜ ’—ȱ›Žž•Š’˜—œȱŠ—ȱŒ˜—›˜•œȱœ‘Š••ȱ Š™™•¢ ǻŠǼȱŽ•ŽŸ’œ’˜—ȱŽ›’Š•œǯȱ¡Ž›’˜›ȱŽ•ŽŸ’œ’˜—ȱŠŽ›’Š•œȱ–˜œȱ‹Žȱ

ŗŝş ™™Ž—’¡ȱ Œ˜–™•ŽŽ•¢ȱŒ˜—ŒŽŠ•Žȱ‹¢ȱ™Š›Š™Žȱ Š••œǰȱŽ¡ŒŽ™ȱ˜—ȱ‹ž’•’—œȱ –˜›Žȱ‘Š—ȱ˜ž›ȱœ˜›’Žœȱ‘’‘ǯ ǻ‹Ǽȱ’›ŽȱœŒŠ™Žœǯȱ˜ȱ¡Ž›’˜›ȱꛎȱŽœŒŠ™Žœȱ–Š¢ȱ‹Žȱ’—œŠ••Žȱ˜—ȱ‘Žȱ ŠŒŽȱ˜ȱ‹ž’•’—œȱ›˜—’—ȱ˜—ȱŠȱœ›ŽŽ ǻŒǼȱ ••ȱ•Š—ȱ˜ȱ‹ŽȱŽŸŽ•˜™Žȱ˜›ȱ™Š›”’—ǰȱ™•Š¢›˜ž—œǰȱ˜›ȱ œ ’––’—ȱ™˜˜•œȱœ‘Š••ȱ‹ŽȱœŒ›ŽŽ—Žȱ›˜–ȱ‘ŽȱŠ“ŠŒŽ—ȱžœŽœȱ‹¢ȱ –Šœ˜—›¢ȱ Š••œȱ˜ȱœ’–’•Š›ȱ–ŠŽ›’Š•œȱ˜ȱŠ“ŠŒŽ—ȱœ›žŒž›Žœȱ˜›ȱ ‹¢ȱž›Š‹•Žȱ–ŽŠ•ȱŽ—ŒŽœȱŠ—ȱ™•Š—’—ȱ˜ȱŠȱŽœ’—ȱŠ™™›˜ŸŽȱ‹¢ȱ ‘ŽȱŽŽŸŽ•˜™–Ž—ȱž‘˜›’¢ǯ ǻǼȱ’—œ ǯȱ ŠŽ–Ž—ȱ˜ȱž›Š’˜—ȱŠ—ȱ›˜Ÿ’œ’˜—œȱŠ—ȱŽšž’›Ž–Ž—œ ‘Žȱ™›˜Ÿ’œ’˜—œȱ˜ȱ‘’œȱ•Š—ȱœ™ŽŒ’¢’—ȱ‘Žȱ•Š—ȱžœŽœȱ˜›ȱ‘Žȱ›˜“ŽŒȱ ›ŽŠȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱ›Žšž’›Ž–Ž—œȱŠ—ȱ›Žœ›’Œ’˜—œȱ ’‘ȱ›Žœ™ŽŒȱ‘Ž›Ž˜ȱœ‘Š••ȱ ‹Žȱ’—ȱŽěŽŒȱ˜›ȱŠȱ™Ž›’˜ȱ˜ȱ—˜ȱ•Žœœȱ‘Š—ȱęĞ¢ȱǻśŖǼȱ¢ŽŠ›œȱ˜••˜ ’—ȱ‘Žȱ ŠŽȱ˜ȱŠ™™›˜ŸŠ•ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ•Š—ȱ‹¢ȱ‘Žȱ’¢ȱ˜ž—Œ’•ȱ˜—ȱ˜ŸŽ–‹Ž›ȱŘşǰȱ ŗşśŞǯ Žǯȱ ™™•’ŒŠ‹’•’¢ȱ˜ȱ›˜Ÿ’œ’˜—œȱŠ—ȱŽšž’›Ž–Ž—œȱ˜ȱŽŒ’˜—ȱȱ؊ȱŠ—ȱȱ ؋ȱœž™›Šȱ˜ȱ™›˜™Ž›¢ȱ—˜ȱ˜ȱ‹ŽȱŠŒšž’›Žǯ ǯȱ ›˜“ŽŒȱ›˜™˜œŠ•œ ŗǯȱ Š—ȱŒšž’œ’’˜— Šǯȱ ŽŠ•ȱ™›˜™Ž›¢ȱ™›˜™˜œŽȱ˜ȱ‹ŽȱŠŒšž’›Žȱ˜›ȱŒ•ŽŠ›Š—ŒŽȱŠ—ȱ ›ŽŽŸŽ•˜™–Ž—ȱ’—Œ•ž’—ȱœ™˜ȱŒ•ŽŠ›Š—ŒŽȱŠ—ȱŽŸŽ•˜™–Ž—ȱ˜ȱŸŠŒŠ—ȱ •Š—ȱŠ—ȱ›Ž‘Š‹’•’Š’˜—ȱŠ›ŽȱŠœȱ’—’ŒŠŽȱ˜—ȱ›‹Š—ȱŽ—Ž Š•ȱ•Š—ǰȱ Š™ȱ˜ǯȱřǰȱŠ—ȱŒšž’œ’’˜—ȱŠ™ǯ Řǯȱ ŽŽŸŽ•˜™Ž›Ȃœȱ‹•’Š’˜—œ ǯȱ ‘Ž›ȱ›˜Ÿ’œ’˜—œȱŽŒŽœœŠ›¢ȱ˜ȱŽŽȱŠŽȱŠ—ȱ˜ŒŠ•ȱŽšž’›Ž–Ž—œ ǯȱ ›˜ŒŽž›Žȱ˜›ȱ‘Š—Žœȱ’—ȱ™™›˜ŸŽȱ•Š—

ŗŞŖ ™™Ž—’¡ȱ

ŗŞŗ ™™Ž—’¡ȱ

ŗŞŘ ™™Ž—’¡ȱ

ŗŞř ™™Ž—’¡ȱ Šœ‘’—˜—ȱšžŠ›ŽȱŠœȱ—’ȱŘȱ ›‹Š—ȱŽ—Ž Š•ȱ•Š—

‘Žȱ˜••˜ ’—ȱ’œȱŠȱŒ˜—Ž—œŽȱŸŽ›œ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ›Ž—Ž Š•ȱ™•Š—ȱ™›˜žŒŽȱ’—ȱŗşŜŘȱ‹¢ȱ ‘ŽȱŽŽŸŽ•˜™–Ž—ȱž‘˜›’¢ȱ˜ȱ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’Šǯȱ‘Žȱ™•Š—ȱ’œȱ’—ȱ˜ž•’—Žȱ˜›–ȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱ ™˜›’˜—œȱ™Ž›Š’—’—ȱ˜ȱ—Ž ȱŒ˜—œ›žŒ’˜—ǰȱ’—’ŒŠŽȱ’—ȱ‹˜•ǰȱ‘ŠŸŽȱ‹ŽŽ—ȱ’—Œ•žŽȱ’—ȱ ž••ǰȱȱ ‘’•Žȱ‘Žȱ˜‘Ž›ȱœŽŒ’˜—ȱ‘ŽŠ’—œȱŠ›Žȱ™›˜Ÿ’ŽȱŠœȱŠȱŒ˜—Ž¡ȱŠœȱ˜ȱ’ŸŽȱŠȱŽ—Ž›Š•ȱ ˜ž•’—Žȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ˜Œž–Ž—ǯ

ǯȱ Š‹•Žȱ˜ȱ˜—Ž—œ ǯȱ ŽœŒ›’™’˜—ȱ˜ȱ›˜“ŽŒ ǯȱ Š—ȱœŽȱ•Š— ŗǯȱ Š—ȱœŽȱŠ™œ Řǯȱ Š—ȱœŽȱ›˜Ÿ’œ’˜—œȱŠ—ȱž’•’—ȱ –™›˜ŸŽ–Ž—œ Šǯȱ œŽœȱŽ›–’ĴŽ ŗǼȱ Žœ’Ž—’Š• ŘǼȱ ˜ŒŠ•ȱ˜––Ž›Œ’Š• řǼȱ Ž–’Ȭž‹•’Œ ‹ǯȱ Žž•Š’˜—œǰȱŒ˜—›˜•œȱŠ—ȱ›Žœ›’Œ’˜—œȱ˜—ȱ•Š—ȱžœŽȱ˜ȱ™›˜™Ž›’Žœȱ˜ȱ‹Žȱ ŠŒšž’›Žȱ‹¢ȱ‘Žȱž‘˜›’¢ ŗǼȱ ǰȱ‹ž’•’—ȱŒ˜ŸŽ›ŠŽǰȱŽ—œ’¢ǰȱ¢Š›œ ŘǼȱ ž’•’—ȱ Ž’‘ ŠǼȱ ‘Ž›Žȱ•Žœœȱ‘Š—ȱ˜ž›ȱ—Ž ȱ›Žœ’Ž—’Š•ȱœ›žŒž›ŽœȱŠ›Žȱ‹ž’•ȱ˜ȱ ˜ŒŒž™¢ȱ‘Žȱ›˜—ŠŽȱ‹Ž ŽŽ—ȱ›˜ œȱ˜ȱ›Ž‘Š‹’•’ŠŽȱœ›žŒž›Žœǰȱ ‘Žȱ‘Ž’‘ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ—Ž ȱœ›žŒž›Žœȱœ‘˜ž•ȱ‹Žȱ‘ŽȱœŠ–ŽȱŠœȱ‘Šȱ˜ȱ ‘ŽȱŒ˜›—’ŒŽȱ‘Ž’‘ǰȱ˜›ȱ˜™ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ›˜—ȱ Š••ǰȱ˜ȱŽ’‘Ž›ȱ˜—Žȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ Š“ŠŒŽ—ȱœ›žŒž›Žœ ‹Ǽȱ —¢ȱ—Ž ȱŒ˜—œ›žŒ’˜—ȱ’—ȱœŽ–’Ȭ™ž‹•’Œȱ’œ›’Œœȱ‹Ž ŽŽ—ȱ™›žŒŽȱ Š—ȱ¢™›Žœœȱ›ŽŽœǰȱŠ—ȱ‹Ž ŽŽ—ȱ‘’›ȱŠ—ȱ˜ž›‘ȱ›ŽŽœǰȱ–Š¢ȱ —˜ȱŽ¡ŒŽŽȱ‘›ŽŽȱœ˜›’Žœȱ‹žȱœ‘Š••ȱ—˜ȱŽ¡ŒŽŽȱ‘ŽȱŒ˜›—’ŒŽȱ‘Ž’‘ȱ ˜ȱ‘Žȱ‘’‘Žœȱ›Žœ’Ž—’Š•ȱ‹ž’•’—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ Žœȱ˜ȱ‘’œȱ‹•˜Œ”ǯ řǼȱ Š›”’— ŚǼȱ Š•” Š¢œ ŠǼȱ ž‹•’Œȱ Š•” Š¢œȱŠœȱŽœ’—ŠŽȱ˜—ȱ‘ŽȱŠ—ȱœŽȱ•Š—ȱœ‘Š••ȱ‹Žȱ ™›˜Ÿ’Žȱ‹¢ȱ‘Žȱ’¢ȱ˜ȱ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’ŠȱŠ—ȱ–Š’—Š’—Žȱ‹¢ȱ‘Žȱ ŽŒ›ŽŠ’˜—ȱŽ™Š›–Ž—ȱŒ˜——ŽŒ’—ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽȱ‹Ž ŽŽ—ȱ ˜ž›‘ȱŠ—ȱŠ ›Ž—ŒŽȱ›ŽŽœǰȱŠ—ȱŒ˜——ŽŒ’—ȱ‘Žȱ›’Š——Šȱ Š•” Š¢ȱ’—ȱ—’ȱŗȱ ’‘ȱǯȱŽŽ›Ȃœȱ‘ž›Œ‘Dzȱ‘ŽȱŒ•˜œŽȱœŽŒ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ Š ›Ž—ŒŽȱ›ŽŽȱœ‘Š••ȱ›Ž–Š’—ȱŠœȱ›’‘Ȭ˜Ȭ Š¢Dz ‹Ǽȱ ›ŽŠœȱ˜ȱ‹ŽȱžœŽȱŠœȱ™ž‹•’Œȱ Š•” Š¢œȱœ‘Š••ȱ‹Žȱ’–™›˜ŸŽȱ‹¢ȱ‘Žȱ ’¢ȱ˜—•¢ȱ ’‘ȱŠ™™›˜™›’ŠŽȱ•Š—œŒŠ™’—ǰȱ™ŠŸ’—ǰȱ˜‹“ŽœȬȂŠ›ǰȱ

ŗŞŚ ™™Ž—’¡ȱ ˜ž˜˜›ȱž›—’ž›ŽǰȱŽ—ŒŽœȱ˜›ȱ Š••œDz ŒǼȱ ›’ŸŠŽȱ Š•” Š¢œȱŠ—ȱŒ˜ž›œȱœ‘Š••ȱ‹Žȱ™›˜Ÿ’Žȱ‹¢ȱ‘Žȱ ›ŽŽŸŽ•˜™Ž›ȱ ’‘ȱŠ™™›˜™›’ŠŽȱŠŒŒŽœœȱ˜ȱ’—Ž›’˜›ȱ Ž••’—œǯȱ ›ŽŠ–Ž—ȱ˜ȱ•Š—œŒŠ™’—ȱŠ—ȱ™ŠŸ’—ȱ’œȱ˜ȱ‹ŽȱŠ™™›˜ŸŽȱ‹¢ȱ‘Žȱ ŽŽŸŽ•˜™–Ž—ȱž‘˜›’¢ śǼȱ Ž—Š’ŸŽȱ›’‘œȬ˜Ȭ Š¢ ŜǼȱ ’—œ ŝǼȱ ’›ŽȱœŒŠ™Žœ ˜ȱŽ¡Ž›’˜›ȱꛎȱŽœŒŠ™Žȱ–Š¢ȱ‹Žȱ’—œŠ••Žȱ˜—ȱ‘ŽȱŠŒŽȱ˜ȱ‹ž’•’—œȱ ›˜—’—ȱ˜—ȱœ›ŽŽœȱ˜›ȱ Š•” Š¢œ ŞǼȱ Ž•ŽŸ’œ’˜—ȱŠŽ›’Š•œDZ ¡Ž›’˜›ȱŽ•ŽŸ’œ’˜—ȱŠŽ›’Š•œȱ–žœȱ‹ŽȱŒ˜–™•ŽŽ•¢ȱŒ˜—ŒŽŠ•Žȱ‹¢ȱ™Š›Š™Žȱ Š••œǰȱŽ¡ŒŽ™ȱ˜—ȱ‹ž’•’—œȱ–˜›Žȱ‘Š—ȱ˜ž›ȱœ˜›’Žœȱ‘’‘ şǼȱ ’Ž Š•”œ ŽŒŠžœŽȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŠ›Œ‘’ŽŒž›Š•ȱŠ—ȱ‘’œ˜›’ŒȱŒ‘Š›ŠŒŽ›ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ™›˜“ŽŒȱ Š›ŽŠǰȱŠ••ȱ—Ž ȱ Š•” Š¢œǰȱœ’Ž Š•”œǰȱŠ—ȱœ’Ž Š•”ȱ›Ž™Š’›œȱœ‘Š••ȱ ž’•’£Žȱ‹›’Œ”ǰȱŽ•’Š—ȱ•˜Œ”œǰȱ˜›ȱœ’–’•Š›ȱ¢™Žȱ˜ȱ™ŠŸ’—ȱ–ŠŽ›’Š•ǯ ŗŖǼȱ›˜“ŽŒ’—ȱšž’™–Ž—DZ ˜ȱŠ’›ȱŒ˜—’’˜—’—ǰȱŸŽ—’•Š’—ǰȱ˜›ȱ˜‘Ž›ȱ–ŽŒ‘Š—’ŒŠ•ȱ˜›ȱŽ•ŽŒ›’ŒŠ•ȱ Žšž’™–Ž—ǰȱŽ¡ŒŽ™ȱ•’‘’—ȱę¡ž›Žœȱ–Š¢ȱ™›˜“ŽŒȱ–˜›Žȱ‘Š—ȱ˜—Žȱ’—Œ‘ȱ ‹Ž¢˜—ȱ‘Žȱœ›ŽŽȱŽ¡Ž›’˜›ȱ Š••ȱ˜ȱŠ—¢ȱ‹ž’•’—ǯ ŗŗǼȱ›˜“ŽŒ’—ȱ›˜˜œDZ ˜ȱ–Š›šžŽŽœǰȱ™˜›Œ‘Žœǰȱœž—Ȭœ‘ŠŽœǰȱ˜›ȱŠ —’—œȱ ’••ȱ‹Žȱ™Ž›–’ĴŽȱ˜—ȱ ›˜—ȱ‹ž’•’—ȱŠŒŠŽœȱž—•Žœœȱœ™ŽŒ’ęŒȱŽœ’—œȱ‘ŠŸŽȱ‹ŽŽ—ȱŠ™™›˜ŸŽȱ ‹¢ȱ‘Žȱž‘˜›’¢ǯ ŗŘǼȱŠ›œȱŠ—ȱ Š›Ž—œDZ ‘Ž—ȱ¢Š›œȱŠ—ȱŠ›Ž—œȱŠ›ŽȱŽ—Œ•˜œŽǰȱ‘Ž¢ȱœ‘Š••ȱ‹ŽȱŽ—Œ•˜œŽȱ‹¢ȱ –Šœ˜—›¢ȱ Š••œȱ˜ȱœ’–’•Š›ȱ–ŠŽ›’Š•ȱ˜ȱŠ“ŠŒŽ—ȱœ›žŒž›Žœȱ˜›ȱ‹¢ȱ ž›Š‹•Žȱ–ŽŠ•ȱŽ—ŒŽœȱŽœ’—ȱŠ™™›˜ŸŽȱ‹¢ȱ‘ŽȱŽŽŸŽ•˜™–Ž—ȱ ž‘˜›’¢ ŗřǼȱž‹ž’•’—œ ŠǼȱ ‘Ž›Žȱ™Ž›–’ĴŽǰȱŠ›ŠŽœȱŠ—ȱ˜‘Ž›ȱ˜ž‹ž’•’—œȱœ‘Š••ȱ‹Žȱ˜ȱ –Šœ˜—›¢ȱ˜›ȱ‘ŽȱœŠ–Žȱ–ŠŽ›’Š•œȱŠœȱ‘Žȱ™›’–Š›¢ȱœ›žŒž›ŽDz ‹Ǽȱ ŠŽœȱ˜›ȱ˜˜›œȱ˜™Ž—’—ȱ˜—ȱ™ž‹•’Œȱœ›ŽŽœȱŠ—ȱ Š•” Š¢œȱ›˜–ȱ ˜ž‹ž’•’—œȱœ‘Š••ȱ—˜ȱŽ¡Ž—ȱ‹Ž¢˜—ȱ™›˜™Ž›¢ȱ•’—Žœȱ ‘Ž—ȱ Œ•˜œŽȱ˜›ȱ˜™Ž— ŗŚǼȱ’—•Žȱ‘˜žœŽȱ‹ž’•’—ȱ™Š›ŒŽ•œ ŗśǼȱ Š›Ž—ȱŠ—Ȧ˜›ȱŠ›”’—ȱŠ›ŒŽ•œ ŗŜǼȱŽ‘Š‹’•’Š’˜—ȱ˜ȱ™›˜™Ž›’Žœȱ˜ȱ‹ŽȱŠŒšž’›ŽDZ ›žŒž›Žœȱ˜ȱ‹ŽȱŠŒšž’›ŽȱŠ—ȱ›Ž‘Š‹’•’ŠŽȱ ’••ȱ‹Žȱ›Žšž’›Žȱ˜ȱ Œ˜—˜›–ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ˜••˜ ’—ȱœŠ—Š›œDZ

ŗŞś ™™Ž—’¡ȱ ŠǼȱ ž’•’—ȱ›žŒž›Žœ ŗǼȱ ••ȱ˜ž—Š’˜—ȱ Š••œǰȱŽ¡Ž›’˜›ȱ Š••œǰȱ›˜˜œȱŠ—ȱŒ‘’–—Ž¢œǰȱ ̘˜›’—ȱŠ—ȱœž™™˜›’—ȱŒ˜—œ›žŒ’˜—ǰȱ’—Ž›’˜›ȱ™Š›’’˜—œǰȱ ™˜›Œ‘ŽœǰȱŽ¡Ž›’˜›ȱŠ—ȱ’—Ž›’˜›ȱœŠ’› Š¢œȱŠ—ȱ›Š’•œǰȱ ’—˜ œȱ Š—ȱ ’—˜ ȱ›Š–Žœǰȱ˜˜›ȱŠ—ȱ˜˜›ȱ›Š–ŽœǰȱŠ—ȱꛎȱŽœŒŠ™Žœȱ Š›Žȱ˜ȱ‹ŽȱœŠŽ•¢ȱŒ˜—œ›žŒŽȱŠ—ȱ’—ȱ˜˜ȱŒ˜—’’˜—Dz ŘǼȱ ••ȱ›Š’— ŠŽ›ȱ’œȱ˜ȱ‹Žȱ›Š’—Žȱœ˜ȱ‘ŠȱŽŸŽ›¢ȱœ›žŒž›Žȱ’œȱ›ŽŽȱ ˜ȱŠ–™—ŽœœDzȱŠ••ȱžĴŽ›œȱŠ—ȱ˜ —œ™˜žœȱŠ›Žȱ˜ȱ‹ŽȱœŠŽ•¢ȱ Œ˜—œ›žŒŽȱŠ—ȱ’—ȱ˜˜ȱŒ˜—’’˜—Dz řǼȱ ••ȱ‹ŠœŽ–Ž—ȱ˜›ȱŒ›Š •ȱœ™ŠŒŽœȱŠ›Žȱ˜ȱ‹Žȱ›ŽŽȱ˜ȱŠ–™—Žœœǰȱ ™›˜™Ž›•¢ȱ›Š’—ŽȱŠ—ȱŸŽ—’•ŠŽDzȱŽŸŽ›¢ȱ‹ŠœŽ–Ž—ȱžœŽȱŠœȱŠȱ  Ž••’—ȱž—’ȱ’œȱ˜ȱ™›˜Ÿ’ŽȱŠŽšžŠŽȱ ’—˜ ȱœ™ŠŒŽȱ•˜ŒŠŽȱ Ž—’›Ž•¢ȱŠ‹˜ŸŽȱ›˜ž—ǯ ‹Ǽȱ ˜˜–œȱǻœ’£Žǰȱ•’‘ǰȱŸŽ—’•Š’˜—ȱŠ—ȱŠŒŒŽœœǼ ŒǼȱ Š—’Š›¢ȱŠŒ’•’’ŽœȱŠ—ȱšž’™–Ž— Ǽȱ •ŽŒ›’ŒŠ•ȱž•ŽœȱŠ—ȱ’›’— ŽǼȱ ŽŠ’—ȱŠŒ’•’’Žœ Ǽȱ ŒŒŽœœȱŠ—ȱ›Žœœ Ǽȱ ˜ŽȱŠ™™•’ŒŠ’˜— ‘Ǽȱ ™ŽŒ’ęŒȱŠ›Œ‘’ŽŒž›Š•ȱ›Žœ˜›Š’˜—ȱ›Žšž’›Ž–Ž—œȱ˜›ȱŠ••ȱ‘’œ˜›’ŒŠ••¢ȱ ŒŽ›’ꮍȱœ›žŒž›Žœȱ˜ȱ‹ŽȱŠŒšž’›Žȱ ’••ȱ‹Žȱ–ŠŽȱŠȱ‘Žȱ’–Žȱ˜ȱ ŠŒšž’œ’’˜—ȱ’—ȱŒ˜——ŽŒ’˜—ȱ ’‘ȱ‘Ž’›ȱ‘’œ˜›’ŒȱŠ—ȱŠ›Œ‘’ŽŒž›Š•ȱ ŸŠ•žŽǯȱŠ›’Œž•Š›ȱŠĴŽ—’˜—ȱ ’••ȱ‹Žȱ’ŸŽ—ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽȱ ‹•˜Œ”œȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱœ›ŽŽȱ›˜—ŠŽȱ˜™™˜œ’ŽȱǯȱŽŽ›Ȃœȱ‘ž›Œ‘ǯ řǯȱ ˜—’— ǯȱ ›˜“ŽŒȱ›˜™˜œŠ•œ ŗǯȱ Š—ȱŒšž’œ’’˜— Řǯȱ Ž‘Š‹’•’Š’˜—ȱŠ—ȱ˜—œŽ›ŸŠ’˜— řǯȱ ž‹•’Œȱ –™›˜ŸŽ–Ž—œ Šǯȱ ›ŽŽȱŒ‘Š—Žœ ‹ǯȱ Š›”ȱŠ—ȱ•Š¢›˜ž—œ Œǯȱ ž‹•’Œȱ’•’’Žœ ǯȱ ’Žȱ –™›˜ŸŽ–Ž— ȱŒ˜–™›Ž‘Ž—œ’ŸŽȱ™•Š—ȱ˜›ȱœ›ŽŽȱ•’‘’—ȱŠ—ȱœ›ŽŽȱ›ŽŽȱ™•Š—’—ȱ ’••ȱ‹ŽȱŒŠ››’Žȱ˜žȱ‹¢ȱ‘ŽȱŽŽŸŽ•˜™–Ž—ȱž‘˜›’¢ȱŠ—ȱ›ŽŽœȱ Ž™Š›–Ž—ȱ˜—ȱŠ••ȱ™ž‹•’Œȱœ›ŽŽœȱŠ—ȱ Š•” Š¢œȱ’—ȱ—’ȱ˜ǯȱŘȱ’—ȱ Œ˜—“ž—Œ’˜—ȱ ’‘ȱ‘ŽȱœŠ–Žȱ’–™›˜ŸŽ–Ž—œȱ˜›ȱ—’ȱ˜ǯȱŗȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ›‹Š—ȱ Ž—Ž Š•ȱ›ŽŠǯ Śǯȱ ŽŽŸŽ•˜™Ž›Ȃœȱ‹•’Š’˜—œ ǯȱ ‘Ž›ȱ›˜Ÿ’œ’˜—œȱŽŒŽœœŠ›¢ȱ˜ȱŽŽȱŠŽȱŠ—ȱ˜ŒŠ•ȱŽšž’›Ž–Ž—œ ǯȱ ‘Š—Žœȱ’—ȱ™™›˜ŸŽȱ•Š—

ŗŞŜ ™™Ž—’¡ȱ

ŗŞŝ ™™Ž—’¡ȱ

ŗŞŞ ™™Ž—’¡ȱ

ŗŞş ™™Ž—’¡ȱ Š‹•Žȱ ŘŖŖȱ•˜Œ”ȱ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽȱŽȬœŽȱŽŽ›–’—Š’˜—ȱ’—ȱŗşśş

‘Žȱ’—˜›–Š’˜—ȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ˜••˜ ’—ȱŠ‹•Žœȱ’œȱŠ”Ž—ȱ›˜–ȱ‘Žȱ›’‘ǰȱ—›ŠŽȱŠ—ȱ –Ž—ŠȱŽŒ‘—’ŒŠ•ȱŽ™˜›ǰȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱŒ›ŽŠŽȱŠ—ȱŽ¡Ž—œ’ŸŽȱŒŠŠ•˜žŽȱ˜ȱ–˜œȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ ™›˜™Ž›’Žœȱ’—ȱ—’ȱŗȱŠ—ȱ—’ȱŘǰȱ›ŽŒ˜›’—ȱ‘Žȱ’—Ž—Žȱ›ŽžœŽǰȱŠŒžŠ•ȱžœŽȱǻœ‘˜ —ȱ ‘Ž›ŽǼȱŠŒšž’œ’’˜—ȱ’—˜›–Š’˜—ǰȱ‘’œ˜›’ŒŠ•ȱŒŽ›’ęŒŠ’˜—ǰȱŠ—ȱŠ—¢ȱ‘’œ˜›’ŒŠ•ȱŠŽœȱ Šœœ˜Œ’ŠŽȱ ’‘ȱ‘Žȱ™›˜™Ž›’Žœǯ

ž–‹Ž› ›ŽŽ ŽȬžœŽ ŒžŠ•ȱœŽ ŘŖŗȬŘŖř Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ •ŽŠ›Žȱ˜›ȱŠ›ȱřŘŞȱǯȱؗȱǯ Ž ȱž’•’— ŘŖś Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ •ŽŠ›Žȱ˜›ȱŠ›ȱřŘŞȱǯȱؗȱǯ Ž ȱž’•’— ŘŖŝ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž ȱž’•’— Ž ȱž’•’— ŘŖş Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž ȱž’•’— Ž ȱž’•’— Řŗŗ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž ȱž’•’— Ž ȱž’•’— Řŗř Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž ȱž’•’— Ž ȱž’•’— Řŗś Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž ȱž’•’— Ž ȱž’•’— Řŗŝ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— Řŗş Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Š›Ž—ȱ˜ȱřŗŜȱǯȱ‘’•’™ȱǯ Š›Ž—ȱ˜ȱřŗŜȱǯȱ‘’•’™ȱǯ ŘŘŗ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž ȱž’•’— Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• ŘŘř Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž ȱž’•’— Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• ŘŘś Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• ŘŘŝ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• ŘŘş Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— Řřŗ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— Řřř Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ŘřśȬŘřŝ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž ȱž’•’— Ž ȱž’•’— Řřş Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• ŘŚŗ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• ŘŚř Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• ŘŚśȬŘśŗ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• ŘŖŖ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• ŘŖŘ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ •ŽŠ›ȱ˜›ȱŠ›ȱȬȱřřŚȱǭȱřřŜȱǯȱؗȱǯ •ŽŠ›ȱ˜›ȱŠ›ȱȬȱřřŚȱǭȱřřŜȱǯȱؗȱǯ ŘŖŚ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž ȱž’•’— •ŽŠ›ȱ˜›ȱŠ›ȱȬȱřřŚȱǭȱřřŜȱǯȱؗȱǯ ŘŖŜ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž ȱž’•’— •ŽŠ›ȱ˜›ȱŠ›ȱȬȱřřŚȱǭȱřřŜȱǯȱؗȱǯ ŘŖŞ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž ȱž’•’— Ž ȱž’•’—

ŗşŖ ™™Ž—’¡ȱ Š‹•Žȱȱǻ˜—ǯǼ ŘŖŖȱ•˜Œ”ȱ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽȱŽȬœŽȱŽŽ›–’—Š’˜—ȱ’—ȱŗşśş ž–‹Ž› ›ŽŽ ŽȬžœŽ ŒžŠ•ȱœŽ ŘŖŗ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž ȱž’•’— Ž ȱž’•’— ŘŗŘ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž ȱž’•’— Ž ȱž’•’— ŘŗŚ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ŘŗŜ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ŘŗŞ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž ȱž’•’— Ž ȱž’•’— ŘŘŘ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž ȱž’•’— Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• ŘŘŚ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž ȱž’•’— Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• ŘŘŜ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž ȱž’•’— Ž ȱž’•’— ŘŘŞ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž ȱž’•’— Ž ȱž’•’— ŘřŖ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž ȱž’•’— Ž ȱž’•’— ŘřŘ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• ŘřŚ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• ŘřŜ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• ŘřŞ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ŘśŖ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š•

ŗşŗ ™™Ž—’¡ȱ Š‹•Žȱ ŗŖŖȱ•˜Œ”ȱ˜ȱŽ•Š—ŒŽ¢ȱ›ŽŽȱŽȬœŽȱŽŽ›–’—Š’˜—ȱ’—ȱŗşśş ž–‹Ž› ›ŽŽ ŽȬžœŽ ŒžŠ•ȱœŽ ŗŖŗ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ •ŽŠ›ȱ˜›ȱ—Ž ȱŒ˜—œ›žŒ’˜— Ž ȱž’•’— ŗŖř Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž•Š Š›Žȱ¡™›Žœœ Š¢ Ž ȱž’•’— ŗŖřǯś Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž•Š Š›Žȱ¡™›Žœœ Š¢ Ž ȱž’•’— ŗŖś Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž•Š Š›Žȱ¡™›Žœœ Š¢ Ž ȱž’•’— ŗŖŝȬŗŖş Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž•Š Š›Žȱ¡™›Žœœ Š¢ Ž ȱž’•’— ŗŗŗȬŗŗř Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ •ŽŠ›ȱ˜›ȱ—Ž ȱŒ˜—œ›žŒ’˜— Ž ȱž’•’— ŗŗśȬŗŗŝ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ •ŽŠ›ȱ˜›ȱ—Ž ȱŒ˜—œ›žŒ’˜— Ž ȱž’•’— ŗŗş Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ •ŽŠ›ȱ˜›ȱ—Ž ȱŒ˜—œ›žŒ’˜— Ž ȱž’•’— ŗŘŗ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ •ŽŠ›ȱ˜›ȱ—Ž ȱŒ˜—œ›žŒ’˜— Ž ȱž’•’— ŗřş Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ •ŽŠ›ȱ˜›ȱ—Ž ȱŒ˜—œ›žŒ’˜— Ž ȱž’•’— ŗŖŖ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ •ŽŠ›ȱ˜›ȱŽ•Š Š›Žȱ¡™›Žœœ Š¢ Ž ȱž’•’— ŗŖŚ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ •ŽŠ›ȱ˜›ȱŽ•Š Š›Žȱ¡™›Žœœ Š¢ Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• ŗŖŜ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ •ŽŠ›ȱ˜›ȱŽ•Š Š›Žȱ¡™›Žœœ Š¢ Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• ŗŖŞ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ •ŽŠ›ȱ˜›ȱŽ•Š Š›Žȱ¡™›Žœœ Š¢ Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• ŗŗŖ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ •ŽŠ›ȱ˜›ȱŽ•Š Š›Žȱ¡™›Žœœ Š¢ Ž ȱž’•’— ŗŗŘ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ •ŽŠ›ȱ˜›ȱŽ•Š Š›Žȱ¡™›Žœœ Š¢ Ž ȱž’•’— ŗŗŚ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• ŗŗŜ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž ȱž’•’— Ž ȱž’•’— ŗŗŞ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž ȱž’•’— Ž ȱž’•’— ŗŘŖ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• ŗŘŘ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• ŗŘŚ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• ŗŘŜ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• ŗŘŞ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• ŗřŖ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• ŗřŘ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž ȱž’•’— Ž ȱž’•’—

ŗşŘ ™™Ž—’¡ȱ Š‹•Žȱ ŜŖŖȱ•˜Œ”ȱ˜ȱ’—Žȱ›ŽŽȱŽȬœŽȱŽŽ›–’—Š’˜—ȱ’—ȱŗşśş ž–‹Ž› ›ŽŽ ŽȬžœŽ ŒžŠ•ȱœŽ ŜŖŗ ’—Ž Ž ȱž’•’— •ŽŠ›ȱ˜›ȱŠ› ŜŖř ’—Ž •ŽŠ›ȱ˜›ȱŠ› •ŽŠ›ȱ˜›ȱŠ› ŜŖś ’—Ž ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— •ŽŠ›ȱ˜›ȱŠ› ŜŖŝ ’—Ž Ž ȱž’•’— Ž ȱž’•’— ŜŖş ’—Ž ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— Ž ȱž’•’— ŜŗŗȬŜŗř ’—Ž Ž ȱž’•’— Ž ȱž’•’— Ŝŗś ’—Ž Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ŝŗŝ ’—Ž Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ŝŗş ’—Ž ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ŜŘŗ ’—Ž ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ŜŘř ’—Ž ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ŜŘś ’—Ž ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ŜŘŝ ’—Ž ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ŜŘş ’—Ž Ž ȱž’•’— Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ŝřŗ ’—Ž Ž ȱž’•’— Ž ȱž’•’— Ŝřř ’—Ž Ž ȱž’•’— Ž ȱž’•’— Ŝřś ’—Ž Ž ȱž’•’— Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ŝřŝ ’—Ž •ŽŠ›ȱ˜›ȱŠ›œȱřřşȱǭȱřŚŗȱǯȱŜ‘ȱ›ŽŽ Ž ȱž’•’— Ŝřş ’—Ž •ŽŠ›ȱ˜›ȱŠ›œȱřřşȱǭȱřŚŗȱǯȱŜ‘ȱ›ŽŽ Ž ȱž’•’— ŜŖŖ ’—Ž Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• ŜŖŘ ’—Ž ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ŜŖŚ ’—Ž ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ŜŖŜ ’—Ž ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ŜŖŞ ’—Ž ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ŜŗŖ ’—Ž Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• ŜŗŘ ’—Ž Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• ŜŗŚ ’—Ž ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ŜŗŜȬŜŘŜ ’—Ž Ž ȱž’•’— Ž ȱž’•’— ŜŘŞ ’—Ž Ž ȱž’•’— ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ŜřŖ ’—Ž ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ŜřŘ ’—Ž ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ŜřŚ ’—Ž ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’— ¡’œ’—ȱž’•’—

ŗşř ™™Ž—’¡ȱ Š‹•Žȱ ‘Ž›ȱ›˜™Ž›’Žœȱ›ŽŽȱŽȬœŽȱŽŽ›–’—Š’˜—ȱ’—ȱŗşśş ž–‹Ž› ›ŽŽ ŽȬžœŽ ŒžŠ•ȱœŽ Śŗŝ ’—Ž Ž ȱž’•’— Ž ȱž’•’— Śŗş ’—Ž Ž ȱž’•’— Ž ȱž’•’— ŘśśȬśŝ ‘’› ˜Œ”ȱǯȱž™Ž›‹•˜Œ” ˜Œ”ȱǯȱž™Ž›‹•˜Œ” Řśş ‘’› ˜Œ”ȱǯȱž™Ž›‹•˜Œ” ˜Œ”ȱǯȱž™Ž›‹•˜Œ” ŘŜŗȬŜř ‘’› ˜Œ”ȱǯȱž™Ž›‹•˜Œ” ˜Œ”ȱǯȱž™Ž›‹•˜Œ” ŘŜś ‘’› ˜Œ”ȱǯȱž™Ž›‹•˜Œ” ˜Œ”ȱǯȱž™Ž›‹•˜Œ” ŘŜŝ ‘’› ˜Œ”ȱǯȱž™Ž›‹•˜Œ” ˜Œ”ȱǯȱž™Ž›‹•˜Œ” ŘŜş ‘’› ˜Œ”ȱǯȱž™Ž›‹•˜Œ” ˜Œ”ȱǯȱž™Ž›‹•˜Œ” Řŝŗ ‘’› ˜Œ”ȱǯȱž™Ž›‹•˜Œ” ˜Œ”ȱǯȱž™Ž›‹•˜Œ” Řŝř ‘’› ˜Œ”ȱǯȱž™Ž›‹•˜Œ” ˜Œ”ȱǯȱž™Ž›‹•˜Œ” Řŝś ‘’› ˜Œ”ȱǯȱž™Ž›‹•˜Œ” ˜Œ”ȱǯȱž™Ž›‹•˜Œ” śŘş Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢ Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ž‘Š‹ȂȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• ŚŖŜ ŽŸŽ—‘   ŚŖŞ ŽŸŽ—‘   ŚŗŖ ŽŸŽ—‘   ŚŗŘ ŽŸŽ—‘   Śřř ™›žŒŽ Ž ȱž’•’— Ž ȱž’•’— śŖŗ ™›žŒŽ Ž ȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ž ȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• śŘś ™›žŒŽ ŜȱŽ ȱž’•’—œ ŝȱŽ ȱž’•’—œ řřŘ Ž•Š—ŒŽ¢   ŘśŖȬŜŖ ›’Š——Š Ž ȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• Ž ȱŽœ’Ž—’Š• ŘŜŘ ›’Š——Š   ŘŜŚ ›’Š——Š   ŘŜŜ ›’Š——Š   ŘŜŞ ›’Š——Š   ŘŝŖ ›’Š——Š   ŜŖŚ ’œ˜—   ŜŖŜ ’œ˜—   ŜŖŞ ’œ˜—   ŜŗŖ ’œ˜—   ŜŗŘ ’œ˜—   ŜŗŚ ’œ˜—  

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ŗşŜ AppendixȱEȱ ȱ DELANCEYȱSTREETȱȬȱ100ȱBlockȱ Paving:ȱȱgraniteȱblockȱȱȱȱȱȱȱCurbs:ȱȱconcreteȱ Sidewalks:ȱȱbrickȱȱȱȱȱȱȱLightȱfixtures:ȱȱFranklinȱ ȱ 101Ȭ29 Seeȱ300Ȭ16ȱS.ȱFrontȱStreetȱandȱ313Ȭ23ȱS.ȱ2ndȱStreet.ȱ 300Ȭ16ȱȱ (a.k.a.ȱ101ȱDelanceyȱStreet)ȱȱȈPennsȱLandingȱSquareȈȱȱNineȱcontemporaryȱ housesȱonȱFrontȱStreet,ȱ55ȱhousesȱinȱȱtotalȱdevelopment.ȱȱ3Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱpinkȱbrickȱ houses.ȱȱRecessedȱporchȱonȱ1stȱandȱȱ2ndȱfloorsȱwithȱwroughtȱironȱrailing;ȱsingleȬleafȱdoorȱ withȱwoodȱsurround;ȱcasementȱsashȱwithȱ6ȱlightsȱonȱ1stȱandȱȱ3rdȱfloors,ȱ2ȱlightsȱonȱ2nd.ȱȱȱInȱ addition,ȱ4Ȭstory,ȱ4Ȭbay,ȱpinkȱbrickȱhouses;ȱbaysȱ1ȱandȱ2:ȱȱrecessedȱatȱ1stȱandȱ2ndȱȱfloors;ȱ brickȱwallȱcolumn;ȱwroughtȱironȱgate;ȱbayȱ1:ȱȱmetalȱdoorȱsurroundȱwithȱflushȱmetalȱdoor;ȱ bayȱ2:ȱȱ6Ȭlightȱcasementȱsashȱonȱ1stȱfloor;ȱ2Ȭlightȱcasementȱsashȱonȱ2nd;ȱbayȱ3:ȱȱ6Ȭlightȱ casementȱsashȱonȱ1stȱandȱ3rdȱfloors,ȱ2Ȭlightȱcasementȱsashȱonȱ2nd;ȱbayȱ4:ȱȱ6Ȭlightȱcasementȱ sashȱonȱ1stȱfloor,ȱ2Ȭlightȱonȱ2nd;ȱcastȱstoneȱcoping;ȱflatȱroof.ȱ ȱ DelanceyȱStreetȱelevation:ȱȱ3Ȭstories;ȱbrickȱwithȱcasementȱsash;ȱaȱ7Ȭfootȱhighȱbrickȱgardenȱ wallȱextendsȱwestȱalongȱDelanceyȱStreet.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1970ȱbyȱLouisȱSauer,ȱarchitect.ȱȱBuildingȱpermit.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 301Ȭ23ȱȱ (a.k.a.ȱ129ȱDelanceyȱStreet)ȱȱEight,ȱ3Ȭstory,ȱ3Ȭbay,ȱpinkȱbrick,ȱ contemporaryȱhouses.ȱȱBayȱ1:ȱȱmetalȱdoorȱsurroundȱwithȱflutedȱmetalȱdoorȱandȱsidelight;ȱ largeȱhopperȱwindowȱwithȱtransomȱonȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱ2Ȭlightȱcasementȱsashȱonȱ3rdȱfloor;ȱ concreteȱstepsȱwithȱwroughtȱironȱrailing;ȱbrickȱflowerȱboxȱbetweenȱ1stȱandȱ2ndȱbays;ȱbayȱ2:ȱȱ entranceȱwithȱmetalȱsurroundȱandȱflutedȱmetalȱdoorȱwithȱsidelightȱatȱgrade;ȱbayȱ3:ȱȱ2Ȭ lightȱcasementȱsashȱatȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱmetalȱcoping;ȱflatȱroof;ȱ309Ȭ11ȱrecessedȱfromȱstreetȱ creatingȱlandscapedȱseatingȱareaȱatȱcorner;ȱlandscapedȱarea.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1970ȱbyȱLouisȱSauer,ȱarchitect.ȱȱArchaeologicalȱpotential.ȱȱContributing.ȱȱȱ ȱ ***************ȱ 100ȱȱ Seeȱ328Ȭ38ȱS.ȱFrontȱStreet.ȱ 328Ȭ36ȱȱ (a.k.a.ȱ100ȱDelanceyȱStreet)ȱȱȱFour,ȱ3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ1Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱ contemporaryȱhouses.ȱȱRecessedȱporchȱwithȱwroughtȱironȱgateȱonȱ1stȱfloor;ȱsingleȬleafȱ metalȱdoor;ȱcasementȱsash;ȱ2Ȭstoryȱtriangularȱbayȱatȱ2ndȱandȱ3rdȱfloors;ȱbrickȱsoldiercourseȱ atȱ1stȱandȱ2ndȱfloors;ȱmetalȱstandingȱseamȱgableȱroofȱwithȱrecessedȱdeck;ȱ334:ȱȱshedȱ dormersȱandȱroofȱdeckȱwithȱwoodȱrailing.ȱ ȱ DelanceyȱStreetȱelevation:ȱȱ3ȱstories;ȱbrick;ȱ2Ȭstoryȱhangingȱbayȱwithȱcasementȱsash;ȱanȱ8Ȭ footȱhighȱbrickȱgardenȱwallȱextendsȱwestȱalongȱDelanceyȱStreet.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1970ȱbyȱLouisȱSauer,ȱarchitect.ȱȱBuildingȱpermit.ȱȱContributing.ȱ

ȱ 197ȱ AppendixȱEȱ ȱ ȱ 102ȱȱ 3Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱcontemporaryȱhouse.ȱȱRecessedȱ1stȱfloorȱwithȱbrickȱstoopȱ andȱflowerȱbox;ȱrectangularȱmetalȱdoorȱsurround;ȱsingleȬleafȱflushȱmetalȱdoor;ȱsidelights;ȱtripleȱ casementȱ1stȱfloor,ȱprojectingȱmetalȱbayȱwithȱfixedȱcasementȱsashȱ2ndȱandȱ3rd;ȱmetalȱcornice;ȱflatȱ roof;ȱroofȱdeck;ȱsquareȬheadȱalleywayȱentranceȱwithȱironȱgate.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1970.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 104Ȭ06ȱȱ Two,ȱ3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱFlemishȱbond,ȱFederalȱhouses.ȱȱPedimentedȱ woodȱfrontispieceȱwithȱflutedȱpilasters;ȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoorȱwithȱfanlight;ȱ6/6ȱdoubleȬhungȱsash;ȱ recessedȱbrickȱpanelȱbetweenȱ2ndȱandȱ3rdȱfloorȱsash;ȱwoodȱsills;ȱpaneledȱshutters;ȱbrickȱ stringcourseȱatȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱwoodȱboxȱcornice;ȱgableȱroof;ȱarchȬheadȱdormer.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1796ȱforȱFrancisȱGurney,ȱmerchant.ȱȱAlterations:ȱȱc.ȱ1875,ȱ104ȱalteredȱtoȱgarage,ȱ106ȱalteredȱ toȱcommercialȱfront;ȱ1967,ȱCurtisȱSeibert,ȱarchitect,ȱcompleteȱrestoration,ȱnewȱwindows,ȱdoorȱandȱ frames,ȱrepairȱcorniceȱandȱdormers,ȱfrontȱrestoredȱtoȱresidentialȱfaçade.ȱȱSignificant.ȱ ȱ 108ȱȱ 3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ4Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱFlemishȱbond,ȱGeorgianȱhouse.ȱȱCellarȱbulkhead;ȱ brickȱwatertable;ȱwoodȱdoorȱsurroundȱwithȱ4Ȭlightȱrectangularȱtransom;ȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱleadedȱ glassȱwindowȱonȱtheȱ1stȱfloor,ȱ9/9ȱdoubleȬhungȱsashȱonȱtheȱ2nd,ȱandȱ6/6ȱonȱ3rd;ȱwoodȱsills;ȱdoubleȱ brickȱstringcourseȱatȱtheȱ2ndȱandȱ3rdȱfloors;ȱboxȱcornice;ȱpedimentedȱdormer.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1765ȱforȱPhilipȱMoses,ȱbaker.ȱȱAlterations:ȱȱ1924,ȱbackbuildingȱandȱrearȱadditionȱaddedȱ on;ȱ1963,ȱJohnȱD.ȱSacksteder,ȱarchitect,ȱinteriorȱalterations,ȱadditionȱbuilt.ȱȱGroundȱfloorȱfaçadeȱ rebuilt.ȱȱSignificant.ȱ ȱ 110Ȭ12ȱȱ 3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ3Ȭbay,ȱorangeȱbrick,ȱcontemporaryȱhouse.ȱȱWoodȱdoorȱsurroundȱwithȱ largeȱsingleȬlightȱtransom;ȱpaneledȱdoor;ȱcasementȱsash,ȱrecessedȱatȱ1stȱfloor;ȱslateȱandȱglassȱ angledȱsillsȱatȱ1stȱfloor,ȱslateȱatȱ2ndȱandȱ3rd;ȱ4thȱfloorȱmansardȱroofȱrecessedȱbehindȱopenȱdeck.ȱ ȱ Builtȱ1967ȱbyȱMitchell/Giurgola,ȱarchitects.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 114ȱȱ 3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱFlemishȱbond,ȱGeorgianȱhouse.ȱȱCellarȱbulkhead;ȱ brickȱwatertable;ȱarchȬheadȱwoodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱfanlight;ȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱdoubleȬhungȱsash,ȱ9/9ȱ onȱ1stȱandȱ2ndȱfloors;ȱ6/6ȱonȱ3rd;ȱmoldedȱwoodȱcornice;ȱpaneledȱshutters;ȱdoubleȱbrickȱstringcourseȱ atȱ2ndȱandȱ3rdȱfloors;ȱmodillionedȱwoodȱcornice;ȱgableȱroof;ȱpedimentedȱdormerȱwithȱȈGothickȈȱ sash.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1775ȱbyȱThomasȱMorris.ȱȱAlterations:ȱȱ1966ȱbyȱA.ȱHaroldȱGregory,ȱarchitect,ȱfrontȱfaçadeȱ repaired,ȱnewȱwindows,ȱframesȱandȱshutters;ȱ1983,ȱIrvingȱShapiro,ȱarchitect,ȱ3Ȭstoryȱrearȱ addition.ȱSignificant.ȱ ȱ

ȱ 198ȱ AppendixȱEȱ ȱ 116Ȭ18ȱȱ 2Ȭstory,ȱ5Ȭbay,ȱbrick,ȱcontemporaryȱhouse.ȱȱBrickȱarchȬheadȱdoorȱsurround;ȱ doubleȬleafȱwoodȱdoor;ȱgroundȱfloorȱlargeȱbrickȱarchedȱopeningsȱwithȱsingleȬlightȱsash;ȱpairedȱ casementȱsashȱonȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱgableȱroof;ȱ6Ȭfootȱgardenȱwallȱwithȱaȱwroughtȱironȱgate.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1960.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 120ȱȱ 3Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱFlemishȱbond,ȱGreekȱRevivalȱhouse.ȱȱArchȬheadȱwoodȱ doorȱsurroundȱwithȱleadedȱfanlight;ȱ4Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱ6/6ȱdoubleȬhungȱsash;ȱmarbleȱsills;ȱpaneledȱ shutters;ȱwoodȱboxȱcornice;ȱgableȱroof.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1825ȱbyȱJosephȱL.ȱDutton,ȱhouseȱcarpenter.ȱȱAlterations:ȱȱ1963ȱbyȱThomasȱH.ȱDiGiorgio,ȱ architect,ȱnewȱshutters,ȱcorniceȱandȱchimney;ȱ1973,ȱCarlȱMassara,ȱarchitect,ȱrearȱadditionȱandȱ interiorȱalterations.ȱȱSignificant.ȱ ȱ 122Ȭ24ȱȱ Two,ȱ3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱFlemishȱbond,ȱFederalȱhouses.ȱȱBrickȱwatertable;ȱ cellarȱbulkheadȱonȱ124;ȱmarbleȱstoop;ȱwroughtȱironȱrailing;ȱarchȬheadȱwoodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱ leadedȱfanlight;ȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱ6/6ȱdoubleȬhungȱsash;ȱwoodȱsills;ȱpaneledȱshuttersȱatȱ2ndȱandȱ3rdȱ floors;ȱmoldedȱwoodȱboxȱcornice;ȱgableȱroof;ȱpedimentedȱdormer.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1810ȱbyȱWilliamȱMeguire,ȱcabinetmaker.ȱȱAlterations:ȱȱ1965ȱbyȱB.V.ȱSchlein,ȱarchitect,ȱ façadeȱrestored,ȱfrontȱandȱrearȱwallsȱrepaired,ȱnewȱwindowsȱandȱdoors,ȱinteriorȱrehabilitated.ȱȱ Significant.ȱ ȱ 126ȱȱȱ ȱ 3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱFlemishȱbond,ȱFederalȱhouse.ȱȱBrickȱwatertable;ȱ marbleȱstoop;ȱwroughtȱironȱrailing;ȱexcavatedȱbasement;ȱdoorȱsurroundȱwithȱarchedȱbrickȱlintelȱ withȱkeystone;ȱleadedȱfanlight;ȱsingleȬleafȱ8Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱ6/6ȱdoubleȬhungȱsash;ȱpaneledȱshuttersȱ atȱ2ndȱandȱ3rdȱfloors;ȱmarbleȱbeltcourseȱatȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱmarbleȱstringcourseȱatȱ3rdȱfloor;ȱmoldedȱbrickȱ cornice;ȱgableȱroof;ȱpedimentedȱdormer.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1810ȱforȱFrancisȱCarey,ȱpainterȱandȱglazier.ȱȱAlterations:ȱȱ1965ȱbyȱJohnȱH.ȱBurris,ȱarchitect,ȱ newȱcornice,ȱshutters,ȱdormer,ȱsash,ȱsills,ȱwindowsȱandȱdoor,ȱrepairedȱstepsȱandȱrailing.ȱ1968,ȱ HughȱZimmers.ȱarchitect,ȱrenovationȱofȱresidenceȱintoȱapartments.ȱȱSignificant.ȱ ȱ 128Ȭ30ȱȱ Two,ȱ2ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱFlemishȱbond,ȱGeorgianȱhouses.ȱȱCellarȱ bulkheadȱonȱ130;ȱwoodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱ4Ȭlightȱtransom;ȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱpentȱeaveȱatȱ1stȱandȱ2nd;ȱ doubleȬhungȱsashȱ8/12ȱonȱ1stȱfloor,ȱ6/9ȱonȱ2nd;ȱwoodȱsills;ȱpaneledȱshuttersȱonȱ1stȱandȱ2ndȱfloorȱofȱ 128;ȱwoodȱboxȱcornice;ȱgableȱroof;ȱpedimentedȱdormer.ȱ ȱ Rearȱelevation:ȱȱadditionȱbuiltȱ1988.ȱ ȱ

ȱ 199ȱ AppendixȱEȱ ȱ 128:ȱȱBuiltȱc.ȱ1760ȱbyȱJohnȱGoodwin,ȱJr.,ȱhouseȱcarpenter.ȱȱAlterations:ȱ1963ȱbyȱCurtisȱSeibert,ȱ architect,ȱrestorationȱofȱentireȱhouse,ȱnewȱdoor,ȱwindows,ȱshuttersȱandȱpent,ȱdormerȱrepaired.ȱȱ Significant.ȱ 130:ȱȱBuiltȱc.ȱ1760ȱbyȱJohnȱGoodwin,ȱJr.,ȱhouseȱcarpenter.ȱȱAlterations:ȱȱ1975ȱbyȱW.ȱGrayȱSmith,ȱ architect,ȱnewȱshutters,ȱwindows,ȱdoor,ȱtransoms,ȱcornice,ȱcellarȱbulkheadȱandȱdormer;ȱMarchȱ 1988,ȱsatelliteȱdisk/HVAC.ȱȱSignificant.ȱ ȱ 134Ȭ36ȱȱ Seeȱ325ȱS.ȱ2ndȱStreet.ȱ 325Ȭ39ȱȱ (a.k.a.ȱ136ȱDelanceyȱStreet)ȱȱ“Penn’sȱLandingȱSquare”ȱȱEight,ȱ3Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭ bay,ȱpinkȱbrick,ȱcontemporaryȱhouses.ȱȱBayȱ1:ȱȱrecessedȱ1stȱfloorȱentryway;ȱwoodȱdoorȱ surroundȱwithȱpaneledȱwoodȱdoor;ȱsidelightȱandȱlargeȱsingleȱlightȱtransom;ȱtripartiteȱ casementȱsashȱonȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱsingleȱlightȱcasementȱonȱ3rdȱfloor;ȱbayȱ2:ȱȱ2Ȭlightȱcasementȱsashȱ onȱ1stȱfloor;ȱmetalȱcoping;ȱflatȱroof.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1965.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ DELANCEYȱSTREETȱȬȱ200ȱBlockȱ Paving:ȱȱgraniteȱblockȱȱȱȱȱȱȱCurbs:ȱȱgraniteȱ Sidewalks:ȱȱbrickȱȱȱȱȱȱȱLightȱfixtures:ȱȱFranklinȱ Streetȱfurniture:ȱȱgraniteȱcarriageȱstep;ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱwroughtȱironȱhitchingȱpostȱ ȱ 201ȱȱ (a.k.a.ȱ324Ȭ28ȱS.ȱ2ndȱStreet)ȱȱ2ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ3Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱNeoȬColonialȱhouse.ȱȱBrickȱ watertable;ȱrectangularȱwoodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱsingleȬleafȱ8Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱonȱ allȱfloors;ȱwoodȱsills;ȱpentȱeave;ȱ4Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱ1st;ȱwoodȱcorniceȱwithȱmodillions;ȱgambrelȱroof;ȱ shedȱdormer.ȱ ȱ 2ndȱStreetȱelevation:ȱȱbrickȱwithȱbrickȱwatertable;ȱsquareȱgableȱwindowȱwithȱfourȱlights;ȱaȱbrickȱ wallȱapproximatelyȱ10ȱfeetȱinȱheightȱextendsȱaboutȱ9ȱfeetȱalongȱ2ndȱStreet.ȱ ȱ 3rdȱStreetȱelevation:ȱȱpinkȱbrick;ȱgardenȱwallȱwithȱmarbleȱcoping;ȱarchȬheadȱentranceȱwithȱmarbleȱ stepsȱandȱwoodȱdoor.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1964ȱbyȱJoshuaȱFish,ȱarchitect.ȱȱRDA.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 203ȱȱ 2ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱbrick,ȱNeoȬColonialȱhouse.ȱȱCellarȱbulkhead;ȱbrickȱarchȬheadȱ entranceȱwithȱwoodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱfanlight;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱonȱ allȱfloors;ȱwoodȱsills;ȱ2Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱ1stȱandȱ2ndȱfloors;ȱwoodȱcorniceȱwithȱmodillions;ȱgableȱroof;ȱ pedimentedȱdormerȱwithȱ“Gothick”ȱwindow;ȱgraniteȱcarriageȱstepȱinȱfrontȱofȱhouse.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1964ȱbyȱJoshuaȱFish,ȱarchitect.ȱȱRDA.ȱȱContributingȱ ȱ

ȱ 200ȱ AppendixȱEȱ ȱ 205ȱȱ 2ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ3Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱFlemishȱbond,ȱNeoȬColonialȱhouse.ȱMarbleȱ watertable;ȱrectangularȱwoodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱonȱ allȱfloors;ȱ3Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱonȱ1stȱfloor;ȱwoodȱboxȱcorniceȱwithȱGreekȱkeyȱdesign;ȱgableȱroof;ȱ pedimentedȱdormer.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1964ȱbyȱJoshuaȱFish,ȱarchitect.ȱȱRDA.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 207ȱȱ 2ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ3Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱNeoȬColonialȱhouse.ȱȱMarbleȱwatertable;ȱrectangularȱ woodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱ3Ȭlightȱtransom;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/9ȱsashȱ1st,ȱ6/6ȱsashȱ 2nd;ȱȱwoodȱpanelsȱbelowȱ1stȱfloorȱsash;ȱwoodȱsillsȱ2nd;ȱwoodȱboxȱcorniceȱwithȱdentilȱmolding;ȱgableȱ roof;ȱpedimentedȱdormer.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1964ȱbyȱJoshuaȱFish,ȱarchitect.ȱȱRDA.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 209ȱȱ 2ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ3Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱNeoȬColonialȱhouse.ȱȱRectangularȱwoodȱdoorȱ surround;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱonȱallȱfloors;ȱwoodȱsills;ȱmarbleȱ beltcourseȱ1stȱandȱ2ndȱfloors;ȱ2Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱ1stȱfloor,ȱlouveredȱ2nd;ȱwoodȱcorniceȱwithȱmodillions;ȱ gableȱroof;ȱshedȱdormer.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1964ȱbyȱJoshuaȱFish,ȱarchitect.ȱȱRDA.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 211ȱȱ 3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ3Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱNeoȬColonialȱhouse.ȱȱNineȬfootȱarchedȱcourtyardȱ entrance;ȱrectangularȱwoodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱthreeȱsingleȬleafȱdoorsȱwithȱ 15ȱlightsȱon;ȱ2ndȱfloorȱwithȱwroughtȱironȱbalcony;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱ3rdȱfloor;ȱwoodȱsills;ȱ marbleȱbeltcourseȱatȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱ3Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱwoodȱboxȱcorniceȱwithȱmodillions;ȱgableȱ roof;ȱarchȬheadȱdormer.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1964ȱbyȱJoshuaȱFish,ȱarchitect.ȱȱRDA.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 213ȱȱ 2ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ3Ȭbay,ȱwashedȱredȱbrick,ȱNeoȬColonialȱhouse.ȱȱRectangularȱwoodȱdoorȱ surround;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱonȱallȱfloors;ȱwoodȱsills;ȱmarbleȱ beltcoursesȱ1stȱandȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱ3Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱ1stȱandȱ2ndȱfloors;ȱwoodȱboxȱcorniceȱwithȱmodillions;ȱ gableȱroof;ȱpedimentedȱdormer.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1964ȱbyȱJoshuaȱFish,ȱarchitect.ȱȱRDA.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 215Ȭ17ȱȱ (a.k.a.ȱ319Ȭ21ȱS.ȱPhilipȱStreet)ȱȱȈRhoadsȬBarclayȱHouseȈȱȱ2ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ3Ȭbay,ȱredȱ brick,ȱGeorgianȱhouse.ȱȱBrickȱwatertable;ȱcellarȱbulkhead;ȱrectangularȱwoodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱ4Ȭ lightȱtransomȱwithȱbullsȱeyeȱglass;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ9/9ȱsashȱonȱallȱfloors;ȱ woodȱsills,ȱpentȱeave;ȱ3Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱonȱallȱfloors;ȱwoodȱcorniceȱwithȱmodillions;ȱgambrelȱroof;ȱ shedȱdormer.ȱ2ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ5Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱadditionȱwithȱconcreteȱstoop;ȱrectangularȱwoodȱdoorȱ surroundȱwithȱsingleȬleafȱdoor;ȱ10Ȭlightȱtransom;ȱ21Ȭlightȱcasementȱsashȱ1stȱfloor,ȱ18Ȭlightȱ

ȱ 201ȱ AppendixȱEȱ ȱ casementȱsashȱ2ndȱandȱdormer;ȱcastȱstoneȱlintels;ȱwoodȱboxȱcornice;ȱslateȱgambrelȱroof;ȱ pedimentedȱdormers.ȱ ȱ PhilipȱStreetȱelevation:ȱȱbrick;ȱrubblestoneȱfoundation;ȱcenteredȱdoubleȬhungȱ9/9ȱsashȱ1stȱandȱ2nd;ȱ 6/6ȱsashȱ3rd;ȱwoodȱsills;ȱarchedȱbrickȱlintelȱ1st;ȱ3Ȭpanelȱshutters;ȱadditionȱunderȱconstruction.ȱ ȱ Rearȱelevation:ȱȱbrick;ȱ1ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/9ȱsashȱ1stȱfloor,ȱdoubleȬhungȱ9/9ȱsashȱ2nd;ȱshedȱdormer.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1750Ȭ58ȱbyȱSamuelȱRhoads,ȱmasterȱbuilderȱandȱMayorȱofȱPhiladelphia,ȱ1774,ȱforȱ AlexanderȱBarclay,ȱcomptrollerȱofȱtheȱPortȱofȱPhiladelphia,ȱ1758Ȭ1771.ȱȱRestoredȱc.ȱ1960ȱbyȱW.ȱ NelsonȱAnderson,ȱarchitect.ȱȱAlterations:ȱȱc.ȱ1964ȱbyȱRobertȱT.ȱTrump,ȱbuilder;ȱ1998Ȭ99,ȱbyȱHughȱ NewellȱJacobsen,ȱarchitect,ȱsideȱadditionȱandȱnewȱrearȱadditionȱandȱgarage.ȱȱAȱfineȱexampleȱofȱ GeorgianȱarchitectureȱwithȱimportantȱhistoricalȱassociationsȱHABSȱ(PAȬ1057).ȱȱSignificant.ȱ ȱ 219ȱȱ (a.k.a.ȱ318Ȭ20ȱS.ȱPhilipȱStreet)ȱȱ3Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱNeoȬColonialȱhouse.ȱȱSetȱ backȱfromȱstreetȱbyȱaȱlandscapedȱgardenȱandȱdriveway.ȱȱBrickȱwatertable;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱ door,ȱsidelightsȱandȱfanlight;ȱ9/6ȱdoubleȬhungȱsash,ȱ3Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱonȱ1stȱfloor;ȱgambrelȱroof,ȱ gableȱendȱfacesȱDelanceyȱStreet.ȱ ȱ PhilipȱStreetȱelevation:ȱȱ4Ȭbays;ȱbrickȱgroundȱfloor;ȱcellarȱbulkhead;ȱstoneȱsills;ȱcedarȱshakeȱ gambrelȱroof,ȱshedȱdormersȱ2ndȱandȱ3rdȱfloors;ȱbrickȱchimneyȱȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1985.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 221Ȭ23ȱȱ Two,ȱ2ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱbrick,ȱNeoȬColonialȱrowhouses.ȱȱRectangularȱwoodȱdoorȱ surround;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱ3Ȭlightȱtransom;ȱwoodȱsills;ȱdoubleȱrowȱbrickȱstringcourseȱ2ndȱ floor;ȱȱmoldedȱwoodȱcornice;ȱ½ȱgambrelȱroof;ȱshedȱdormer;ȱ221:ȱȱ4Ȭlightȱtransom,ȱ12/12ȱsashȱ1stȱ andȱ2ndȱfloors;ȱ3Ȭpaneledȱshuttersȱ1stȱandȱ2ndȱfloors;ȱstormȱsash;ȱ223:ȱȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱonȱallȱ floors;ȱ3Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱ1stȱfloor.ȱ ȱ PhilipȱStreetȱelevation:ȱȱstuccoȱoverȱbrick;ȱvariousȱsashȱtypes.ȱ ȱ Façadesȱc.ȱ1962.ȱȱRDA.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 225Ȭ27ȱȱ (a.k.a.ȱ321Ȭ23ȱS.ȱAmericanȱStreet)ȱȱTwo,ȱ3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱGreekȱRevivalȱ houses.ȱȱMarbleȱwatertable;ȱrectangularȱwoodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱ3Ȭlightȱtransom;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱ sashȱonȱallȱfloors;ȱmarbleȱsillsȱandȱlintels;ȱwoodȱboxȱcornice;ȱgableȱroof;ȱpedimentedȱdormer;ȱ225:ȱȱ singleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱ3Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱ1stȱfloor,ȱlouveredȱ2ndȱandȱ3rd;ȱ227:ȱȱ8Ȭleafȱpaneledȱdoor;ȱ 4Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱ1stȱandȱ2ndȱfloors,ȱlouvered,ȱ3rd.ȱ ȱ Westȱelevation:ȱȱbrick;ȱstoneȱwatertable.ȱ ȱ

ȱ 202ȱ AppendixȱEȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1846ȱforȱWilliamȱandȱFrancisȱCarpenter,ȱmerchantȱtailors,ȱasȱtenantȱhouses.ȱȱAlterations:ȱȱ c.ȱ1915,ȱexteriorȱfireȱescapesȱaddedȱandȱcornicesȱreplacedȱwithȱbrick;ȱrestoredȱc.ȱ1960,ȱHerbertȱ Winokur,ȱarchitect,ȱnewȱdoors,ȱshuttersȱandȱcornices.ȱȱ227:ȱȱrearȱaddition,ȱc.ȱ1966,ȱDuncanȱW.ȱ Buell,ȱarchitect;ȱDecemberȱ1993,ȱdriveȱpaved,ȱaddition,ȱdeck.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 229ȱȱ (a.k.a.ȱ322Ȭ24ȱS.ȱȱAmericanȱStreet)ȱȱ3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbayȱredȱbrick,ȱGreekȱRevivalȱ house.ȱȱMarbleȱwatertable,ȱrectangularȱwoodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱ8Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱ4Ȭpanelȱshutters;ȱ3Ȭ lightȱtransoms;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱonȱallȱfloors;ȱmarbleȱsillsȱandȱlintels;ȱstormȱsash;ȱwoodȱboxȱ cornice;ȱgableȱroof;ȱpedimentedȱdormer.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1846ȱforȱWilliamȱandȱFrancisȱCarpenter,ȱmerchantȱtailors,ȱasȱtenantȱhouses.ȱȱAlterations:ȱȱ restoredȱc.ȱ1961ȱbyȱW.ȱNelsonȱAnderson,ȱarchitect,ȱrearȱaddition,ȱnewȱshutters,ȱsashȱandȱdoor.ȱȱ Contributing.ȱ ȱ 231ȱȱ 3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱGreekȱRevivalȱhouse.ȱȱMarbleȱwatertableȱandȱstoop;ȱ rectangularȱwoodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱ4Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱ3Ȭlightȱtransom;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱonȱallȱ floors;ȱmarbleȱsillsȱandȱlintels;ȱ2Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱ1stȱandȱ2ndȱfloors,ȱlouveredȱ3rd;ȱwoodȱboxȱcornice;ȱ gableȱroof;ȱpedimentedȱdormer.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1846ȱforȱWilliamȱandȱFrancisȱCarpenter,ȱmerchantȱtailors,ȱasȱtenantȱhouses.ȱȱAlterations:ȱȱ restoredȱc.ȱ1973,ȱnewȱdoor,ȱshuttersȱandȱsash.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 233ȱȱ ȈJosephȱWetherillȱHouseȈȱȱ3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱFederalȱhouse.ȱȱBrickȱ watertable;ȱcellarȱbulkhead;ȱbrickȱarchȬheadȱentrance;ȱwoodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱsingleȬleafȱ4Ȭpanelȱ door;ȱarchedȱsingleȬlightȱtransom;ȱ“Gothick”ȱwindows;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱonȱallȱfloors;ȱwoodȱ boxȱcornice;ȱgableȱroof;ȱpedimentedȱdormer.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1811ȱasȱpartȱofȱaȱcontiguousȱrow,ȱ233Ȭ241,ȱforȱJosephȱWetherill,ȱgentleman.ȱȱRehabilitatedȱ c.ȱ1959,ȱnoȱsignificantȱexteriorȱalterations.ȱȱHABSȱ(PAȬ1380).ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 235Ȭ37ȱȱ 3Ȭstory,ȱ4Ȭbay,ȱbrownȱbrick,ȱcontemporaryȱhouse.ȱȱRecessedȱentrance;ȱsingleȬleafȱ mirroredȱdoor;ȱcasementȱsashȱ1stȱandȱ3rdȱfloors;ȱtwoȱverticalȱcasementȱsashȱandȱtwoȱbalconiesȱ withȱslidingȱglassȱdoorȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱgableȱroof.ȱ ȱ Builtȱ1970ȱbyȱJamesȱN.ȱKiseȱandȱRolandȱDavies,ȱarchitects.ȱȱRDA.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 239Ȭ41ȱȱ Two,ȱ3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱFlemishȱbond,ȱFederalȱhouses.ȱȱBrickȱ watertables;ȱcellarȱbulkhead;ȱbrickȱarchȬheadȱentranceȱwithȱpaneledȱreveals;ȱfanlight;ȱsingleȬleafȱ 6Ȭpanelȱdoors;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ“Gothick”ȱwindowsȱwithȱ6/6ȱsashȱonȱallȱfloors;ȱstormȱsash;ȱmarbleȱ sills;ȱwoodȱboxȱcornice;ȱgableȱroof;ȱpedimentedȱdormer.ȱ ȱ

ȱ 203ȱ AppendixȱEȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1811ȱasȱpartȱofȱaȱrow,ȱforȱJosephȱWetherill,ȱgentleman.ȱȱAlterations:ȱȱ239:ȱȱc.ȱ1899,ȱgroundȱ floorȱalteredȱforȱwagonȱworksȱandȱblacksmithȱshop;ȱc.ȱ1962ȱbyȱRolandȱC.ȱDavies,ȱarchitect,ȱ residentialȱ1stȱfloorȱrebuilt;ȱ241:ȱȱc.ȱ1962,ȱJohnȱD.ȱSacksteder,ȱdesigner,ȱfaçadeȱrebuilt.ȱȱ Contributing.ȱ ȱ 243ȱȱ 4Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱFederalȱhouse.ȱExcavatedȱbasementȱentry;ȱbrickȱarchȬ headȱentranceȱwithȱwoodȱsurround;ȱsingleȬleafȱ8Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱfanlight;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ12/12ȱsashȱ1st,ȱ 6/9ȱsashȱ2nd,ȱ6/6ȱsashȱ3rdȱandȱ4th;ȱwoodȱsills;ȱ4Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱ1st,ȱ2nd,ȱandȱ3rdȱfloors;ȱdoubleȱ stringcourseȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱwoodȱandȱbrickȱcornice;ȱ½ȱgambrelȱroofȱofȱstandingȱseamȱmetalȱwithȱshedȱ dormerȱfacingȱwest;ȱornateȱwroughtȱironȱfenceȱandȱgate.ȱȱWetherillȱCourtȱatȱrear,ȱthreeȱsmallȱ artisanȱhousesȱinȱcourtȱconfiguration.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1810ȱbyȱJohnȱWarner,ȱhouseȱcarpenter.ȱȱRenovatedȱc.ȱ1965ȱbyȱAdolfȱDeRoyȱMark,ȱ architect,ȱ1stȱfloorȱalterations,ȱnewȱsash,ȱshuttersȱandȱupperȱwindows.ȱȱSignificant.ȱ ȱ 245Ȭ51ȱȱ (a.k.a.ȱ327ȱS.ȱ3rdȱStreet)ȱȱȈJohnȱHallȱHouseȈȱȱ3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ3Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱFlemishȱ bondȱwithȱglazedȱheaders,ȱGeorgianȱhouse.ȱȱBrickȱwatertable;ȱcellarȱbulkhead;ȱpedimentedȱwoodȱ frontispiece;ȱsingleȬleafȱ8Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ9/9ȱsashȱ1stȱandȱ2ndȱfloors,ȱ6/6ȱ3rdȱandȱ4th;ȱwoodȱ sills;ȱdoubleȱrowȱbrickȱstringcourseȱatȱ2ndȱandȱ3rdȱfloors;ȱ4Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱ1stȱandȱ2nd;ȱpentȱroof;ȱ woodȱboxȱcornice;ȱgableȱroof;ȱtwoȱchimneysȱwithȱparapet;ȱbrickȱgardenȱwall,ȱapproximatelyȱ5ȱ½ȱ feetȱhigh,ȱextendsȱalongȱDelanceyȱStreet.ȱ ȱ 3rdȱStreetȱelevation:ȱȱ3ȱ½ȱstories;ȱ2ȱbays;ȱbrick,ȱwithoutȱglazedȱheaders;ȱsameȱdetailsȱasȱabove.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1783Ȭ99ȱbyȱJohnȱHall,ȱhouseȱcarpenter.ȱȱOriginalȱentranceȱonȱ3rdȱStreet.ȱȱAlterations:ȱȱmidȬ 19thȱcentury,ȱgroundȱfloorȱcommercialȱfaçadeȱandȱrearȱaddition;ȱc.ȱ1965,ȱAdolfȱDeRoyȱMark,ȱ architect,ȱnewȱgroundȱfloorȱresidentialȱfaçade,ȱentranceȱmovedȱtoȱDelanceyȱStreet,ȱnewȱsashȱandȱ shutters,ȱrearȱadditionȱdemolished;ȱc.ȱ1981,ȱRolandȱDavies,ȱarchitect,ȱrepairȱfireȱdamageȱtoȱroof,ȱ newȱroofȱdeck.ȱȱHABSȱ(PAȬ1331).ȱȱSignificant.ȱ ȱ ***************ȱ 200Ȭ04ȱȱȱȱ Seeȱ334ȱS.ȱ2ndȱStreet.ȱ 334ȱȱ (a.k.a.ȱ200Ȭ04ȱDelanceyȱStreet)ȱȱ3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ3Ȭbay,ȱFlemishȱbondȱbrickȱ houseȱwithȱglazedȱheaders,ȱGeorgianȱhouse.ȱȱMarbleȱstoop;ȱbrickȱwatertable;ȱrectangularȱ woodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱ4Ȭlightȱtransom;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ12/12ȱsashȱ 1stȱandȱ2ndȱfloor,ȱ8/8ȱonȱ3rd;ȱwoodȱsills;ȱdoubleȱrowȱbrickȱstringcourseȱatȱ2ndȱandȱ3rdȱfloors;ȱ 3Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱ1stȱandȱ2ndȱfloors;ȱmodillionedȱwoodȱboxȱcornice;ȱgableȱroof;ȱbrickȱ chimney.ȱ ȱ DelanceyȱStreetȱelevation:ȱȱ3ȱstories;ȱbrick;ȱ2Ȭstoryȱbrickȱadditionȱwithȱwatertable;ȱ rectangularȱwoodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱmarbleȱstoop;ȱdoubleȬleafȱ3Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱ5Ȭlightȱ transom;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ12/12ȱsashȱonȱ1stȱandȱ2ndȱfloors,ȱ8/8ȱonȱ3rd;ȱwoodȱsills;ȱstringcourseȱ

ȱ 204ȱ AppendixȱEȱ ȱ atȱ2ndȱandȱ3rdȱfloors;ȱpaneledȱshuttersȱonȱ1stȱandȱ2ndȱfloors;ȱmodillionedȱcornice;ȱflatȱroofȱ withȱdeckȱandȱpostȱandȱrailȱbalustradeȱonȱaddition;ȱbrickȱwall,ȱwithȱbrickȱwatertableȱandȱ stoneȱcopingȱ6ȱfeetȱhigh,ȱextendsȱalongȱDelanceyȱStreetȱwithȱornamentalȱwroughtȱironȱ gate;ȱhexagonalȱbrickȱoutbuildingȱsharedȱwithȱ336;.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1780ȱforȱWilliamȱMorrell,ȱmerchant.ȱȱAlterations:ȱȱc.ȱ1967ȱbyȱJosephȱP.ȱGolden,ȱ architect,ȱnewȱmillwork,ȱmasonryȱreconstructionȱonȱ1stȱfloorȱfrontȱandȱcornice;ȱFebruaryȱ 1995,ȱrearȱwindows.ȱSignificant.ȱ ȱ 206Ȭ12ȱȱȱ Two,ȱ3Ȭstory,ȱbrownȱbrick,ȱcontemporaryȱhouses.ȱȱSurroundȱaȱUȬshapedȱ courtyardȱwithȱbutterflyȱsculpture;ȱsingleȬleafȱdoor;ȱcasementȱsash;ȱgableȱroof;ȱshedȱdormer.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1970ȱbyȱHassingerȱandȱSchwam,ȱarchitects.ȱBuildingȱpermit.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 214ȱȱ 2ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱFlemishȱbondȱwithȱglazedȱheaders,ȱGeorgianȱhouse.ȱȱ Brickȱwatertable;ȱrectangularȱwoodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱsingleȬleafȱ4Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱ4Ȭlightȱtransomȱwithȱ bullȇsȱeyeȱglass;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ8/12ȱsashȱ1stȱfloor,ȱ6/6ȱ2nd;ȱwoodȱsills;ȱ3Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱ1stȱfloor;ȱ plasterȱcoveȱcornice;ȱgambrelȱroof;ȱshedȱdormer.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1756ȱbyȱJohnȱGoodwin,ȱcarpenter.ȱȱFrontȱfacadeȱrestoredȱc.ȱ1957.ȱȱSignificant.ȱ ȱ 216ȱȱ 2ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱFlemishȱbondȱwithȱglazedȱheaders,ȱGeorgianȱhouse.ȱȱ Brickȱwatertable;ȱcellarȱbulkhead;ȱrectangularȱwoodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱ4Ȭ lightȱtransom;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ8/12ȱsashȱ1stȱfloor,ȱ6/6ȱ2nd;ȱwoodȱsills;ȱpentȱeave;ȱ3Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱ1stȱ floor;ȱplasterȱcoveȱcornice;ȱgambrelȱroof;ȱshedȱdormer.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1756ȱbyȱJohnȱGoodwin,ȱcarpenter.ȱȱRestoredȱc.ȱ1973ȱbyȱJohnȱH.ȱBurris,ȱarchitect.ȱ Significant.ȱ ȱ 218ȱȱ 2Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱbrick,ȱcontemporaryȱhouse.ȱȱSingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱ6/6ȱdoubleȬ hungȱwindows;ȱ3Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱ1stȱfloor,ȱlouveredȱ2ndȱandȱ3rd;ȱpedimentedȱwoodȱdoorȱsurroundȱ andȱfanlight;ȱmodillionedȱcornice.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1974ȱbyȱJohnȱH.ȱBurris,ȱarchitect.ȱȱRDA.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 220ȱȱ 3Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱvernacularȱhouse.ȱȱRectangularȱwoodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱ singleȬleafȱ1Ȭpanelȱdoorȱwithȱtransom;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱonȱallȱfloors;ȱstormȱsash;ȱmarbleȱsillsȱ andȱlintels;ȱ3Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱ1stȱfloor,ȱlouveredȱ2ndȱandȱ3rd;ȱwoodȱboxȱcornice.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1970.ȱRDA.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ

ȱ 205ȱ AppendixȱEȱ ȱ 222ȱȱ 3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱGreekȱRevivalȱhouse.ȱȱMarbleȱwatertable;ȱrectangularȱ woodȱdoorȱsurroundȱwithȱeggȱandȱdartȱmolding;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱ4Ȭlightȱtransom;ȱ doubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱonȱallȱfloors;ȱmarbleȱsillsȱandȱlintels;ȱ3Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱ1stȱfloor,ȱlouveredȱ2ndȱ andȱ3rd;ȱmoldedȱwoodȱcornice;ȱgableȱroof;ȱpedimentedȱdormer.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1843ȱforȱJacobȱWeaverȱandȱHenryȱVolkmar,ȱJr.,ȱgrateȱandȱstoveȱmanufacturers.ȱȱ Alterations:ȱȱc.ȱ1962ȱbyȱVanȱArkelȱandȱMoss,ȱarchitects,ȱremovalȱofȱoriginalȱ4thȱfloor;ȱadditionȱofȱ gableȱroof,ȱdormerȱandȱnewȱcornice.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 224ȱȱ 4Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱGreekȱRevivalȱhouse.ȱȱMarbleȱwatertable;ȱrectangularȱ woodȱdoorȱsurroundȱwithȱeggȱandȱdartȱmolding;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱ4Ȭlightȱtransom;ȱ doubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱonȱallȱfloors;ȱmarbleȱsillsȱandȱlintels;ȱ3Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱ1stȱfloor,ȱlouveredȱ2nd,ȱ 3rd,ȱandȱ4th;ȱwoodȱboxȱcornice;ȱgableȱroof.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1843ȱforȱJacobȱWeaverȱandȱHenryȱVolkmar,ȱJr.,ȱgrateȱandȱstoveȱmanufacturers.ȱȱFaçadeȱ restoredȱc.ȱ1971ȱbyȱAllanȱA.ȱBerkowitz,ȱarchitect,ȱnewȱsash,ȱshutters,ȱandȱcornice.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 226ȱȱ 3Ȭstory,ȱredȱbrick,ȱcontemporaryȱhouse.ȱȱArchȬheadȱentrance;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱ door;ȱ;ȱsemicircularȱsingleȬlightȱtransom;ȱdoubleȱwindow,ȱ1/18ȱcasementȱsash,ȱ1st;ȱdoubleȬleafȱ frenchȱdoorȱwithȱwroughtȱironȱflowerȱboxesȱandȱrailingȱatȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱthreeȱ4/16ȱdoubleȬhungȱsashȱ withȱwroughtȱironȱflowerȱboxesȱandȱrailings,ȱ3rdȱfloor;ȱwoodȱboxȱcornice;ȱgableȱroof;ȱsquareȬheadȱ alleywayȱentrance.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1983ȱbyȱHarringtonȱandȱYuȱAssociates,ȱarchitects.ȱȱRDA.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 228Ȭ30ȱȱ 3Ȭstory,ȱbrownȱbrick,ȱcontemporaryȱhouses.ȱȱRecessedȱentrance;ȱdoubleȬleafȱdoor;ȱ asymmetricalȱcasementȱsashȱ2ndȱandȱ3rdȱfloors;ȱgableȱroof;ȱstandingȱseamȱmetalȱroof;ȱtwoȱshedȱ dormers;ȱȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1970ȱbyȱMitchell/GiurgolaȱAssociates,ȱarchitects,ȱandȱRoyȱVollmerȱAssociates,ȱarchitects,ȱ RDA.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 232Ȭ34ȱȱ Two,ȱ2ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ3Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱGeorgianȱhouses.ȱȱBrickȱwatertable;ȱpedimentedȱ woodȱfrontispieceȱwithȱfanlight;ȱpunchȱandȱgaugeȱworkȱdetail;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱpanelȱ reveals;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ9/9ȱsashȱ1stȱandȱ2ndȱfloors;ȱstormȱsash;ȱwoodȱsills;ȱdoubleȱrowȱbrickȱ stringcourseȱatȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱ3Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱ1stȱandȱ2ndȱfloors;ȱmoldedȱwoodȱcornice;ȱgableȱroof;ȱ pedimentedȱdormer;ȱarchȬheadȱalleywayȱentranceȱatȱpartyȱwall.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1810ȱbyȱdescendantsȱofȱRichardȱBrockden.ȱȱAlterations:ȱȱ232,ȱc.ȱ1962ȱbyȱW.ȱNelsonȱ Anderson,ȱarchitect,ȱrestorationȱofȱfrontȱfaçade,ȱfrontispiece,ȱsash,ȱshuttersȱandȱcornice;ȱ234,ȱc.ȱ 1966ȱbyȱW.ȱNelsonȱAnderson,ȱarchitect,ȱrestorationȱfrontȱfaçade,ȱfrontispiece,ȱdoor,ȱshutters,ȱ corniceȱandȱdormer.ȱȱSignificant.ȱ

ȱ 206ȱ AppendixȱEȱ ȱ ȱ 236Ȭ38ȱȱ ȱ ȈDrinkerȇsȱCourtȈȱȱAȱcomplexȱofȱtwoȱGeorgianȱfrontȱhousesȱandȱsixȱrearȱ apartmentsȱandȱaȱrearȱbuilding,ȱflankingȱaȱcourtyard;ȱ236:ȱȱ2ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbayȱbrickȱhouse,ȱcellarȱ bulkhead;ȱrectangularȱwoodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱ4Ȭlightȱtransom;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱdoubleȬ hungȱ12/12ȱsashȱ1stȱfloor,ȱ9/9ȱ2nd;ȱpentȱeave;ȱwoodȱcornice;ȱ½ȱgambrelȱroof;ȱthreeȱbrickȱrearȱ apartments,ȱeachȱ2ȱstories,ȱ2ȱbays;ȱshedȱroofs;ȱ238:ȱȱ2ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱpaintedȱbrickȱhouse;ȱconcreteȱ cellarȱbulkhead;ȱrectangularȱwoodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ8/12ȱ sashȱ1stȱfloor,ȱ6/9ȱ2nd;ȱ3Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱallȱfloors.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1765ȱbyȱJohnȱDrinker,ȱbricklayer.ȱȱRearȱapartmentsȱofȱ236ȱbuiltȱc.ȱ1806.ȱȱRearȱbuilding,ȱ238,ȱ builtȱc.ȱ1829.ȱȱAlterations:ȱȱ236,ȱalteredȱtoȱstoreȱc.ȱ1870;ȱresidentialȱfaçadeȱrebuiltȱbetweenȱ1920ȱandȱ 1931;ȱrehabilitatedȱc.ȱ1965Ȭ66ȱbyȱEdwardȱJ.ȱParnumȱarchitect,ȱalteredȱtoȱsingleȱfamilyȱdwelling,ȱ sash,ȱshutters,ȱdoor,ȱpentȱeave,ȱandȱcorniceȱrebuilt;ȱ238:ȱȱhouseȱandȱapartmentsȱrehabilitatedȱc.ȱ 1958Ȭ59.ȱȱOneȱofȱtheȱearliestȱremainingȱcourtyardȱdevelopmentsȱinȱtheȱdistrict.ȱȱHABSȱ(PAȬ1326).ȱȱ Significant.ȱ ȱ 240ȱȱ 2ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱGeorgianȱRevivalȱhouse.ȱȱBrickȱwatertable;ȱcellarȱ bulkhead;ȱrectangularȱwoodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱ4Ȭlightȱtransom;ȱdoubleȬ hungȱ6/9ȱsashȱ1stȱfloor,ȱ6/6ȱȱ2nd;ȱstormȱsash;ȱwoodȱsills;ȱdoubleȱrowȱbrickȱstringcourseȱatȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱ 3Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱ1stȱfloor,ȱlouveredȱ2nd;ȱwoodȱboxȱcornice;ȱgableȱroof;ȱpedimentedȱdormer.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1961ȱbyȱJosephȱPraissman,ȱarchitect.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 242Ȭ44ȱȱ Two,ȱ3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱFlemishȱbondȱbrickȱwithȱglazedȱheaders,ȱGeorgianȱhouses.ȱȱ Brickȱwatertable;ȱȱrectangularȱwoodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱ4Ȭlightȱtransom;ȱ doubleȬhungȱ9/9ȱsash,ȱ1stȱfloor;ȱ12/12ȱ2nd;ȱ8/12ȱ3rd;ȱwoodȱsills;ȱpentȱeave;ȱdoubleȱrowȱbrickȱ stringcourseȱatȱ3rd;ȱwoodȱcornicesȱwithȱmodillions;ȱgableȱroof;ȱpedimentedȱdormer;ȱarchȬheadȱ alleywayȱentranceȱatȱpartyȱwall;ȱ244:ȱȱstormȱsash.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1780ȱforȱtheȱPryorȱfamily.ȱȱAlterations:ȱȱc.ȱ1875,ȱmansardȱroof,ȱbracketedȱwoodȱcornicesȱ andȱdormers;ȱrestoredȱc.ȱ1960ȱbyȱFrijofȱTobbiessen,ȱarchitect,ȱnewȱsash,ȱdoors,ȱpentȱeaves,ȱ cornices,ȱandȱdormers.ȱȱSignificant.ȱ ȱ 246Ȭ48ȱȱ Two,ȱ2ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱFlemishȱbondȱbrickȱwithȱglazedȱheaders,ȱGeorgianȱhouses.ȱȱ Brickȱwatertable;ȱcellarȱbulkhead;ȱrectangularȱwoodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱ4Ȭ lightȱtransom;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ12/12ȱsashȱ1stȱfloor,ȱ9/9ȱ2nd;ȱwoodȱsills;ȱpentȱeave;ȱ3Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱ1stȱ andȱ2ndȱfloors;ȱwoodȱcorniceȱwithȱmodillions;ȱgableȱroof;ȱpedimentedȱdormer;ȱarchedȱalleywayȱ entranceȱatȱpartyȱwall.ȱ ȱ 246:ȱȱBuiltȱc.ȱ1767ȱbyȱJosephȱWetherill,ȱhouseȱcarpenter.ȱȱAlterations:ȱȱmidȬ19thȱcentury,ȱraisedȱtoȱ threeȱstories,ȱfaçadeȱstuccoed.ȱȱReconstructedȱc.ȱ1959ȱbyȱSamuelȱF.ȱBetts,ȱarchitect.ȱȱSignificant.ȱ

ȱ 207ȱ AppendixȱEȱ ȱ 248:ȱȱBuiltȱc.ȱ1764Ȭ71ȱbyȱJamesȱCresson,ȱcarpenter.ȱȱ1stȱfloorȱalteredȱforȱcommercialȱuseȱc.ȱ1900.ȱȱ Façadeȱrestoredȱc.ȱ1959ȱbyȱSamuelȱF.ȱBetts,ȱarchitect,ȱnewȱsash,ȱpentȱeave,ȱwindows,ȱdoorȱandȱ1stȱ floorȱmasonry.ȱȱSignificant.ȱ ȱ 250ȱȱ (a.k.a.ȱ329ȱS.ȱ3rdȱStreet.)ȱ3ȱ1/2Ȭstory,ȱ4Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱEnglishȱbond,ȱGreekȱRevivalȱ house.ȱȱCellarȱbulkheadȱwithȱmarbleȱcheeks;ȱbrickȱarchȬheadȱentrance;ȱwoodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱ singleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱstormȱdoor;ȱfanlight;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱonȱallȱfloors;ȱstormȱsash;ȱ woodȱsills;ȱ3Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱ1stȱandȱ2ndȱfloors;ȱgableȱroof.ȱ ȱ 3rdȱStreetȱelevation:ȱ2ȱbays;ȱ6/6ȱdoubleȬhungȱsashȱallȱfloors;ȱstormȱsash;ȱwoodȱsills;ȱ3Ȭpanelȱ shuttersȱ1stȱandȱ2ndȱfloors;ȱwoodȱcornice.ȱȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1826ȱforȱHenryȱSchively,ȱcutlerȱandȱsurgeonȇsȱ(sic)ȱinstrumentȱmaker.ȱȱOriginallyȱ329ȱS.ȱ3rdȱ Street.ȱȱAlterations:ȱȱtoȱcornerȱcommercialȱuseȱc.ȱ1877;ȱrenovatedȱc.ȱ1969ȱbyȱJoshuaȱFish,ȱarchitect,ȱ newȱgroundȱfloorȱresidentialȱfaçade,ȱentranceȱmovedȱtoȱDelanceyȱStreet,ȱnewȱsashȱandȱshutters.ȱȱ Contributing.ȱȱ ȱ PINEȱSTREETȱȬȱ600ȱBlockȱ Paving:ȱȱasphaltȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱCurbs:ȱȱgraniteȱ Sidewalks:ȱȱbrickȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱLightȱfixtures:ȱȱ Franklinȱ ȱ 601Ȭ03ȱȱ (a.k.a.ȱ342ȱS.ȱ6thȱStreet)ȱȱBrickȱwallȱenclosesȱgardenȱofȱ340Ȭ42ȱS.ȱ6thȱStreet.ȱ 338Ȭ42ȱȱ (a.k.a.ȱ601Ȭ03ȱPineȱStreet)ȱȱ3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ3Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱFlemishȱbondȱ house.ȱȱCellarȱbulkhead;ȱpedimentedȱwoodȱdoorȱsurroundȱwithȱpilasters;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭ panelȱdoor;ȱ6Ȭlightȱtransom;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ9/9ȱsashȱonȱ1stȱfloor,ȱ6/6ȱonȱ2ndȱandȱ3rd;ȱstormȱ sash;ȱwoodȱsills;ȱbrickȱbeltcourseȱ2ndȱandȱ3rd;ȱ3Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱ1stȱfloor;ȱmodillionedȱwoodȱ cornice;ȱgableȱroofȱpedimentedȱdormerȱwithȱarchedȱwindow;ȱaȱbrickȱwallȱextendsȱtoȱtheȱ cornerȱofȱPineȱStreetȱenclosingȱgarden.ȱ ȱ Southȱelevation:ȱȱ(descriptionȱfromȱ1986—façadeȱnowȱcompletelyȱvineȱcovered)ȱȱ stuccoed;ȱ2Ȭȱandȱ3Ȭstoryȱadditions;ȱwoodȱdoorȱsurroundȱwithȱdoubleȬleafȱglassȱpaneledȱ door;ȱbayȱwindowȱ1stȱfloor,ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱonȱ2nd;ȱaȱbrickȱgardenȱwallȱextendsȱ alongȱLombardȱStreet.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1802ȱforȱChristopherȱIrick,ȱflourȱinspector.ȱȱAlterations:ȱȱc.ȱ1836ȱforȱcommercialȱ use;ȱc.ȱ1971ȱrehabilitatedȱbyȱClaudeȱDuvalȱRosse,ȱarchitect,ȱrebuiltȱgroundȱfloorȱfront,ȱ newȱsash.ȱSignificant.ȱ ȱ 605ȱȱ 3Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱstucco,ȱGreekȱRevivalȱhouse.ȱȱWoodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱ3Ȭlightȱ transom;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱ1stȱfloor;ȱ1/1ȱ2ndȱandȱ3rd;ȱstoneȱsills;ȱ2Ȭ panelȱshuttersȱ1stȱfloor,ȱlouveredȱ2ndȱandȱ3rd;ȱboxȱcornice.ȱȱ

ȱ 208ȱ AppendixȱEȱ ȱ ȱ 6thȱStreetȱelevation:ȱstucco.ȱ ȱ NB:ȱȱTooȱmuchȱvegetationȱtoȱadequatelyȱcheckȱproperty.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1840.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 607ȱȱ 3Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrickȱhouse.ȱȱWoodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱ3Ȭlightȱtransom;ȱsingleȬleafȱ 6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱ6/1ȱdoubleȬhungȱsashȱonȱ1stȱandȱ3rdȱfloors,ȱ9/1ȱonȱ2nd;ȱmarbleȱsills;ȱbrickȱlintels;ȱ woodȱboxȱcornice;ȱgableȱroof.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1990.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 609Ȭ11ȱȱ OneȬstory,ȱredȱbrickȱbuildingȱconnectedȱtoȱ613;ȱcastȱstoneȱwatertableȱandȱ stringcourse;ȱ6ȱbrickȱpiers;ȱ4Ȭlightȱcasementȱwindows;ȱgableȱroofȱwithȱslate;ȱbrickȱandȱcastȱstoneȱ chimneys.ȱȱȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1990.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 613ȱȱ 3Ȭstory,ȱ3Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱPostȬmodernȱhouse.ȱȱCastȱstoneȱwatertable;ȱarchedȱ recessedȱentryȱwithȱcastȱstoneȱdoorȱsurround;ȱsingleȬleafȱmultiȬpanedȱdoor;ȱsidelightsȱandȱarchedȱ singleȱlightȱtransom;ȱ4Ȭlightȱcasementȱsashȱ1stȱfloor;ȱthreeȱ6ȬlightȱFrenchȱdoorsȱatȱ2ndȱfloorȱwithȱ wroughtȱironȱbalconettes;ȱ4Ȭlightȱfixedȱsashȱatȱ3rd;ȱbrickȱsills,ȱ2ndȱandȱ3rdȱfloors;ȱcastȱstoneȱ stringcourseȱ1st,ȱ2nd,ȱandȱ3rdȱfloors;ȱ4Ȭpaneȱoculusȱwindowsȱflankingȱdoor;ȱcastȱstoneȱpanelsȱ betweenȱ2ndȱandȱ3rdȱfloors;ȱcastȱstoneȱentablatureȱandȱcornice.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1983ȱbyȱDavidȱPorter,ȱarchitect.ȱȱRDA.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 615ȱȱ 3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ3Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱFlemishȱbondȱwithȱglazedȱheaders,ȱColonialȱRevivalȱ house.ȱȱWoodȱfrontispieceȱwithȱflutedȱpilastersȱandȱtransom;ȱsingleȬleafȱdoorȱwithȱ12ȱglassȱ panels,ȱbrickȱwatertable;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱallȱfloors;ȱdoubleȱwindowȱgroundȱfloor;ȱstoneȱsillsȱ 1stȱfloor,ȱbrickȱsillsȱ2nd;ȱmarbleȱbeltcourseȱatȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱbrickȱlintelsȱwithȱkeystoneȱ1stȱfloor,ȱbrickȱ lintelsȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱcenterȱwindowȱonȱ2ndȱfloorȱhasȱblindȱarch;ȱwroughtȱironȱbalconettesȱonȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱ atȱmiddleȱofȱ3rdȱfloorȱaȱcastȱironȱplaqueȱwithȱtreeȱmotif;ȱmoldedȱwoodȱcornice;ȱgableȱroof;ȱ pedimentedȱdormer;ȱarchȬheadȱalleywayȱentranceȱwithȱwoodȱdoor.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1813.ȱȱColonialȱRevivalȱfaçadeȱconstructedȱc.ȱ1915ȱbyȱMagazinerȱ&ȱPotter,ȱarchitects.ȱȱ Contributing.ȱ ȱ 617ȱȱ 3Ȭstory,ȱ3Ȭbay,ȱbrownȱbrick,ȱColonialȱRevivalȱhouse.ȱȱWoodȱfrontispieceȱwithȱ flutedȱpilastersȱandȱtransom;ȱsingleȬleafȱdoor,ȱtwoȱpanelsȱbelow,ȱ16ȱlightsȱabove;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/1ȱ

ȱ 209ȱ AppendixȱEȱ ȱ sashȱallȱfloors;ȱdoubleȱwindowȱonȱgroundȱfloorsȱwithȱkeystoneȱatȱcenterȱofȱlintel;ȱbrickȱinsetȱ panelsȱbetweenȱ1stȱandȱ2ndȱandȱ2ndȱandȱ3rdȱfloors;ȱmetalȱcornice.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1920.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 619ȱȱ 3Ȭstory,ȱ3Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱColonialȱRevivalȱhouse.ȱȱPedimentedȱfrontispiece;ȱ3Ȭ lightȱtransom;ȱsingleȬleafȱdoor,ȱoneȱpanelȱbelow,ȱ12ȱlightsȱabove;ȱdoubleȬhungȱsashȱallȱfloors;ȱ stoneȱsillsȱandȱjackȱarches;ȱcorbelledȱbrickȱcornice;ȱstoneȱcoping;ȱflatȱroof.ȱȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1930.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 621ȱȱ 3Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱyellowȱandȱbrownȱbrick,ȱvernacularȱhouse.ȱȱWoodenȱdoorȱ surround;ȱ10Ȭlightȱtransom;ȱsingleȬleafȱdoor;ȱtripartiteȱwindowȱwithȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/1ȱandȱ9/1ȱ sashȱonȱ1stȱfloor;ȱ2Ȭstoryȱmetalȱbayȱroof,ȱdoubleȬhungȱ1/1ȱsash;ȱflatȱroofȱwithȱparapet;ȱbrickȱ coping.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1910.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 623ȱȱ 3Ȭstory,ȱ3Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱColonialȱRevivalȱhouse.ȱȱPedimentedȱfrontispiece;ȱ3Ȭ lightȱtransom;ȱsingleȬleafȱdoor;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱallȱfloors;ȱbrickȱsillsȱandȱbrickȱlintelsȱwithȱ keystones;ȱparapetȱwithȱbrickȱcoping.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1925.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 625ȱȱ 3Ȭstory,ȱ3Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱColonialȱRevivalȱhouse.ȱȱPedimentedȱfrontispiece;ȱ4Ȭ lightȱtransom;ȱsingleȬleafȱdoor;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱallȱfloors;ȱpaintedȱbrickȱsills;ȱstoneȱjackȱ archesȱwithȱstoneȱkeystone;ȱparapetȱwallȱwithȱconcreteȱcoping;ȱarchȬheadȱalleywayȱwithȱwroughtȱ ironȱgate.ȱ ȱ Façadeȱbuiltȱc.ȱ1930.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 627ȱȱ 3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱFlemishȱbond,ȱFederalȱhouse.ȱȱBrickȱwatertable;ȱbrickȱ archȬheadȱentranceȱwithȱpaneledȱwoodȱdoorȱrevealȱandȱfanlight;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱdoubleȬ hungȱ6/6ȱsashȱallȱfloors;ȱwoodȱsills;ȱstoneȱstringcourseȱatȱ2ndȱandȱ3rd;ȱ3Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱ1stȱfloor,ȱ louveredȱ2ndȱandȱ3rd;ȱmoldedȱmodillionedȱwoodȱcorniceȱwithȱpunchȱandȱgougeȱwok;ȱgableȱroof;ȱ pedimentedȱdormerȱwithȱarchedȱwindow.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1807ȱbyȱJohnȱWarner,ȱcarpenterȱforȱEdwardȱShippenȱBurd,ȱEsquire.ȱȱRestoredȱc.ȱ1961ȱbyȱ JosephȱPraissman,ȱarchitect,ȱnewȱsash,ȱshutters,ȱdoor.ȱȱSignificant.ȱ ȱ 629ȱȱ 3Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱyellowȱbrick,ȱvernacularȱhouse.ȱȱWoodȱfrontispiece;ȱflutedȱ pilastersȱandȱbrokenȱpediment;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱallȱfloors;ȱ1/1ȱ

ȱ 210ȱ AppendixȱEȱ ȱ replacementȱsashȱ2nd;ȱmarbleȱsillsȱandȱmarbleȱlintelsȱwithȱkeystones;ȱbrickȱsoldierȱcourseȱbetweenȱ 1stȱandȱ2ndȱfloors;ȱmetalȱcornice.ȱ ȱ Façadeȱbuiltȱc.ȱ1895ȱwithȱstorefront;ȱstorefrontȱreplacedȱwithȱresidentialȱc.ȱ1950.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 631Ȭ33ȱȱ 2Ȭȱandȱ3Ȭstory,ȱ5Ȭbay,ȱstucco,ȱcontemporaryȱhouse.ȱȱExcavatedȱbasementȱentryȱ withȱcontemporaryȱrailingȱatȱstreetȱlevelȱ;ȱbrownȱtileȱwatertable,ȱwindowȱandȱdoorȱsurroundsȱ andȱcornice;ȱentranceȱsetȱbackȱfromȱstreetȱbehindȱaȱ4Ȭfootȱhighȱgardenȱwallȱofȱbrownȱtileȱwithȱ centerȱgate;ȱarchedȱrecessedȱentry;ȱ2Ȭlightȱtransom;ȱmultiȬpaneȱsingleȬleafȱdoor;ȱ2Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbayȱ sectionȱhasȱtripartiteȱwindows;ȱ3Ȭstory,ȱ3ȬbayȱsectionȱhasȱdoubleȬhungȱ1/1ȱsashȱwithȱ9/9ȱsnapȬins,ȱ 1stȱandȱ2ndȱfloors,ȱ6/6ȱonȱ3rd.ȱ ȱ Rehabilitatedȱandȱrebuiltȱc.ȱ1974ȱbyȱJohnȱLloydȱandȱAssociates,ȱarchitects.ȱȱRDA.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 635ȱȱ 3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱFederalȱhouse.ȱȱMarbleȱwatertable;ȱarchȬheadȱbrickȱ entranceȱwithȱmarbleȱkeystone;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoorȱwithȱfanlight;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱallȱ floors;ȱmarbleȱsillsȱandȱlintelsȱwithȱkeystones;ȱbrickȱstringcourseȱatȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱwoodȱboxȱcornice;ȱ gableȱroof;ȱpedimentedȱdormerȱwithȱarchedȱwindow.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1808ȱforȱSamuelȱJardenȱandȱAlexanderȱJarden,ȱplasterers.ȱȱShopfrontȱaddedȱmidȬ19thȱ century.ȱȱRehabilitatedȱc.ȱ1971ȱbyȱW.ȱNelsonȱAnderson,ȱarchitect,ȱnewȱgroundȱfloorȱfront,ȱcornice,ȱ sash,ȱroof;ȱMayȱ1993,ȱroofȱdeck.ȱSignificant.ȱ ȱ 637Ȭ43ȱȱ (a.k.a.ȱ339Ȭ41ȱS.ȱ7thȱStreet)ȱȱTwo,ȱ3Ȭstory,ȱredȱbrickȱandȱstucco,ȱcontemporaryȱ houses.ȱȱBeveledȱ2ndȱandȱ3rdȱstoryȱcornerȱwindows;ȱslateȱsills;ȱrecessedȱ3Ȭstoryȱentrance;ȱlargeȱ archedȱopeningsȱ3rdȱfloor;ȱslantedȱmultiȬpaneȱcasementȱwindowsȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱbrickȱwallȱwithȱmetalȱ gateȱatȱstreetȱlevel.ȱ ȱ 7thȱStreetȱelevation:ȱȱ3ȱstories;ȱ2ȱbays;ȱbayȱ1:ȱȱ1stȱfloorȱhasȱmetalȱgarageȱdoorȱthatȱhidesȱ1stȱfloor;ȱ slidingȱglassȱdoorsȱonȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱarchedȱparapetȱwallȱhidingȱbankȱofȱcasementȱsash;ȱonȱ3rdȱfloorȱisȱ oneȱcasementȱsashȱonȱcenter;ȱbayȱ2:ȱȱbrick.ȱ ȱ Builtȱ1975ȱbyȱBenjaminȱMartinȱ&ȱAssociates,ȱarchitects.ȱȱRDA.ȱȱContributing.ȱȱȱ ȱ ***************ȱ 600ȱȱ (a.k.a.ȱ400Ȭ02ȱS.ȱ6thȱStreet)ȱȱ3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱFlemishȱbondȱbrick,ȱFederalȱhouse.ȱȱ Woodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱsingleȬlightȱtransom;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱallȱ floors;ȱwoodȱsills;ȱmoldedȱwoodȱcornice;ȱgableȱroof;ȱpedimentedȱdormer.ȱ ȱ 6thȱStreetȱelevation:ȱȱbrickȱwithȱheadersȱeveryȱ7thȱcourse;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱ1st,ȱ2ndȱandȱ3rdȱ floors;ȱwoodȱsills.ȱ ȱ

ȱ 211ȱ AppendixȱEȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1823ȱforȱWilliamȱSeal,ȱgentleman.ȱȱAlterations:ȱȱc.ȱ1900,ȱtoȱcornerȱcommercialȱshopfront;ȱ rehabilitatedȱc.ȱ1962ȱbyȱLenordȱSolomon,ȱarchitect,ȱnewȱgroundȱfloorȱfaçade,ȱsash,ȱandȱdoor;ȱ restoredȱ1987.ȱȱContributing.ȱȱ ȱ 602ȱȱ 3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱFlemishȱbond,ȱGreekȱRevivalȱhouse.ȱȱArchedȱbrickȱ andȱwoodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱ3Ȭlightȱsemicircularȱtransom;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱ sashȱallȱfloors;ȱstoneȱsillsȱandȱlintels;ȱmoldedȱwoodȱcornice;ȱgableȱroof;ȱarchȬheadȱdormer.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1823ȱforȱWilliamȱSeal,ȱgentleman.ȱȱAlterations:ȱȱc.ȱ1850,ȱcorniceȱreplaced;ȱrestoredȱc.ȱ1965,ȱ newȱcornice,ȱnewȱsash,ȱshutters,ȱdoor.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 604ȱȱ 3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱFlemishȱbond,ȱFederal/Victorianȱhouse.ȱȱArchedȱbrickȱ andȱwoodȱdoorȱsurroundȱwithȱfanlight;ȱsingleȬleafȱ4Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ1/1ȱwindowsȱwithȱ 8/8ȱsnapȬinȱmuntinsȱonȱallȱfloors;ȱwoodȱsills;ȱbracketedȱmetalȱcornice;ȱgableȱroof;ȱarchȬheadȱ dormer.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1823ȱforȱWilliamȱSeal,ȱgentleman.ȱȱAlterations:ȱȱc.ȱ1895,ȱmetalȱcornice;ȱrestoredȱc.ȱ1981ȱbyȱ MartinȱRosenblum,ȱarchitect,ȱnewȱsashȱandȱtransom;ȱMarchȱ1995,ȱroof.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 606ȱȱ 3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱFlemishȱbond,ȱGreekȱRevivalȱhouse.ȱȱArchedȱbrickȱ andȱwoodȱdoorȱsurroundȱwithȱfanlight;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱonȱallȱ floors;ȱstormȱsash;ȱwoodȱsills;ȱ3Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱ1stȱfloor;ȱgableȱroof;ȱpedimentedȱdormer;ȱbrickȱ chimney.ȱ ȱ Builtȱbetweenȱ1816Ȭ23ȱbyȱBenjaminȱEslerȱTurner.ȱȱRenovatedȱc.ȱ1975ȱbyȱRobertȱL.ȱDecker,ȱ architect,ȱnewȱsash,ȱgroundȱfloorȱshutters.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 608ȱȱ 2ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱFlemishȱbond,ȱGreekȱRevivalȱhouse.ȱȱWoodȱdoorȱ surround;ȱsingleȱlightȱtransom;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱallȱfloors;ȱstormȱ sash;ȱmarbleȱsills;ȱmarbleȱlintelsȱ1stȱfloor;ȱaluminumȱcoveredȱcornice;ȱgambrelȱroof;ȱpedimentedȱ dormerȱwithȱarchedȱsash;ȱstuccoȱandȱbrickȱchimney.ȱ ȱ Builtȱbetweenȱ1791Ȭ94ȱbyȱGeorgeȱTerrell,ȱnailor.ȱSignificant.ȱ ȱ 610ȱȱ 3Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱvernacularȱhouse.ȱȱRectangularȱwoodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱ singleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoorȱwithȱdecorativeȱwroughtȱironȱsecurityȱdoor;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ4/4ȱsashȱonȱ1stȱ floor,ȱ6/6ȱonȱ2nd;ȱ4Ȭpanelȱcasementȱwindowȱonȱ3rd;ȱstoneȱsillsȱ1stȱandȱ2nd;ȱgableȱroof;ȱpedimentedȱ dormer;ȱbrickȱparapetȱwall.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1830.ȱȱNewȱfaçadeȱc.ȱ1960.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ

ȱ 212ȱ AppendixȱEȱ ȱ 612ȱȱ 3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱtapestryȱbrickȱandȱstucco,ȱvernacularȱhouse.ȱȱBrickȱonȱtheȱ1stȱ floor,ȱstuccoȱonȱ2ndȱandȱ3rd;ȱcellarȱbulkhead;ȱwoodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱarchedȱsingleȱlightȱtransom;ȱ singleȬleafȱpaneledȱdoor;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ10/10ȱsashȱonȱ1stȱfloor,ȱ6/6ȱonȱ2ndȱandȱ3rd;ȱgableȱroof;ȱstuccoȱ parapetȱwall;ȱpedimentedȱdormer.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1830.ȱȱFaçadeȱalteredȱc.ȱ1930.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 614ȱȱ 3Ȭstory,ȱ3Ȭbay,ȱtapestryȱbrick,ȱColonialȱRevivalȱvernacularȱhouse.ȱȱPedimentedȱ frontispiece;ȱsingleȬleafȱpaneledȱandȱglazedȱdoorȱaboveȱandȱtransom;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱonȱallȱ floors;ȱbrickȱsills;ȱbrickȱbeltcourse;ȱcorbelledȱbrickȱcornice;ȱgableȱroof;ȱsquareȬheadȱalleywayȱ entranceȱwithȱwoodȱgate.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1925.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 618Ȭ26ȱȱ ȈLombardȱStreetȱHomesȈȱFive,ȱ3Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱtanȱbrick,ȱcontemporaryȱhouses.ȱȱ Recessedȱentrancesȱsetȱatȱrightȱanglesȱtoȱstreet;ȱ3Ȭpartȱcasementȱwindowsȱ1stȱandȱ3rdȱfloors;ȱ balconiesȱwithȱslidingȱglassȱpatioȱdoorsȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱbrickȱbaysȱextendȱtheȱverticalȱheightȱofȱtheȱ buildingsȱwithȱnarrowȱ3Ȭstoryȱwindowsȱatȱeitherȱsideȱofȱpartyȱwall;ȱgable,ȱstandingȱseamȱmetalȱ roofs;ȱmetalȱsecurityȱgates;ȱ622:ȱȱ2ȱstories.ȱ ȱ Builtȱ1969ȱbyȱHassingerȱ&ȱSchwam,ȱarchitects.ȱȱBuildingȱpermit.ȱȱRDA.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 628ȱȱ 3Ȭstory,ȱ3Ȭbay,ȱpaintedȱbrickȱhouse.ȱȱRectangularȱwoodȱdoorȱsurroundȱwithȱ transom;ȱsingleȬleafȱpaneledȱandȱglazedȱdoor;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/1ȱsashȱonȱallȱfloors;ȱstormȱsash;ȱ brickȱsills;ȱcenterȱdoorȱandȱbalconyȱwithȱwroughtȱironȱrailing,ȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱbrickȱbeltcourse.ȱ ȱ Façadeȱbuiltȱc.ȱ1930.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 630ȱȱ 3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱyellowȱbrick,ȱvernacularȱhouse.ȱȱBrownstoneȱwatertable;ȱ pedimentedȱfrontispiece;ȱ3Ȭlightȱtransom;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ1/1ȱsash;ȱ brownstoneȱsillsȱandȱlintels;ȱwoodȱboxȱcornice;ȱgableȱroof;ȱpedimentedȱdormer.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1840.ȱȱAlteration:ȱȱnewȱfaçadeȱc.ȱ1910.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 632ȱȱ 3Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱtanȱbrick,ȱvernacularȱhouse.ȱȱExcavatedȱbasementȱwithȱmetalȱgate;ȱ rectangularȱwoodȱdoorȱsurroundȱwithȱtransom;ȱsingleȬleafȱ9Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ1/1ȱsashȱallȱ floors;ȱstoneȱsillsȱandȱlintels;ȱbrickȱcornice;ȱflatȱroof;ȱbrickȱparapetȱwall.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1805.ȱȱAlterationȱc.ȱ1925.ȱSignificant.ȱ ȱ 634ȱȱ 3Ȭstory,ȱ3Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱColonialȱRevivalȱhouse.ȱȱExcavatedȱbasementȱentrance;ȱ pedimentedȱfrontispiece;ȱsingleȬleafȱdoorȱwithȱ15ȱglassȱpanes;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ1/1ȱsashȱwithȱ6/6ȱ

ȱ 213ȱ AppendixȱEȱ ȱ snapȬinȱmuntinsȱallȱfloors;ȱbrickȱsillsȱ1stȱandȱ2ndȱfloors;ȱrecessedȱpanelsȱwithȱwroughtȱironȱgrillsȱonȱ 2ndȱfloor;ȱbrickȱlintelsȱwithȱkeystones;ȱbrickȱstringcourseȱatȱ2ndȱandȱ3rdȱfloors;ȱpressedȱmetalȱ corniceȱandȱbrickȱparapetȱwithȱmetalȱcoping.ȱ ȱ Façadeȱc.ȱ1920.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 636ȱȱ 4Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱpyratedȱPompeiianȱbrick,ȱVictorianȱRomanesqueȱhouse.ȱȱ Brownstoneȱstairs;ȱrusticatedȱbrownstoneȱwatertable;ȱexcavatedȱbasementȱentrance;ȱarchedȱwoodȱ andȱrusticatedȱbrownstoneȱdoorȱsurround;ȱsemicircularȱsingleȬlightȱtransom;ȱdoubleȬleafȱdoorȱ withȱglazedȱpanels;ȱtripartiteȱarchedȱwindowsȱ1stȱfloor,ȱdoubleȬhungȱ4/1ȱandȱ5/1ȱsashȱwithȱ “Gothick”ȱpanesȱ2nd,ȱdoubleȬhungȱ1/1ȱarchedȱQueenȱAnneȱwindowsȱonȱ3rd;ȱbrownstoneȱsillsȱandȱ archedȱbrownstoneȱlintelsȱwithȱkeystones;ȱrecessedȱ4thȱfloor;ȱmetalȱcornice.ȱ ȱ Façadeȱc.ȱ1890.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 638ȱȱ 2Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱyellowȱPompeiianȱbrick,ȱVictorianȱRomanesque/ColonialȱRevivalȱ house.ȱȱBrownstoneȱwatertable;ȱarchedȱwoodȱandȱrusticatedȱbrownstoneȱdoorȱsurround;ȱfanlightȱ ofȱleadedȱstainedȱglass;ȱc.ȱ1960ȱsingleȬleafȱ3Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱtripartiteȱarchedȱwindowsȱwithȱleadedȱ stainedȱglassȱtransomsȱ1stȱfloor,ȱmetalȱbayȱwithȱclassicalȱdetailingȱandȱ9/9ȱflankedȱbyȱ18Ȭlightȱ fixedȱsashȱatȱ2nd.ȱ ȱ Façadeȱc.ȱ1890.ȱȱRehabilitationȱc.ȱ1973ȱbyȱNickȱChimes,ȱarchitect.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 640ȱȱ 3Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱFlemishȱbond,ȱNeoȬColonialȱhouse.ȱȱArchedȱbrickȱandȱ woodȱdoorȱsurroundȱwithȱfanlight;ȱsingleȬleafȱ8Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱstormȱsash;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱallȱ floors;ȱwoodȱsillsȱwithȱwoodȱpanelsȱbelowȱonȱ1stȱfloor;ȱbrickȱsillsȱ2ndȱandȱ3rdȱfloors;ȱbrickȱlintelsȱallȱ floors;ȱbrickȱstringcourseȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱ2Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱallȱfloors;ȱmoldedȱwoodȱcorniceȱwithȱ modillions;ȱgableȱroof;ȱroofȱdeck.ȱ ȱ Newȱfaçadeȱc.ȱ1950.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 642ȱȱ 3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱFlemishȱbondȱhouse.ȱȱWoodȱfrontispieceȱwithȱflutedȱ pilastersȱandȱ3Ȭlightȱtransom;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱdoubleȬhungȱsashȱallȱfloors;ȱ3Ȭpanelȱ shuttersȱallȱfloors;ȱwoodȱsills;ȱmoldedȱwoodȱboxȱcornice;ȱgableȱroof;ȱpedimentedȱdormer.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1960.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 644ȱȱ (a.k.a.ȱ401Ȭ07ȱS.ȱ7thȱStreet)ȱȱ3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱFlemishȱbond,ȱNeoȬ Colonialȱhouse.ȱȱWoodȱfrontispieceȱwithȱflutedȱpilastersȱandȱsingleȱlightȱtransom;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭ panelȱdoor;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱonȱallȱfloors;ȱstormȱsash;ȱwoodȱsills;ȱpaneledȱshuttersȱ1stȱfloor,ȱ louveredȱ2ndȱandȱ3rd;ȱwoodȱboxȱcornice;ȱgableȱroof;ȱpedimentedȱdormer.ȱ ȱ

ȱ 214ȱ AppendixȱEȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1960.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ SPRUCEȱSTREETȱȬȱ400ȱBlockȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Paving:ȱȱasphaltȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱCurbs:ȱȱgraniteȱ Sidewalks:ȱȱbrickȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱLightȱfixtures:ȱȱ Franklinȱ ȱ 433ȱȱ 3Ȭstory,ȱ3Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱFlemishȱbond,ȱcontemporaryȱhouse.ȱȱBayȱ1:ȱȱȱ3Ȭstoryȱ turretȱwithȱpairedȱcasementȱsashȱandȱbubbleȱglassȱonȱgroundȱfloor;ȱȱbayȱ2:ȱȱrecessedȱentrywayȱ withȱwroughtȱironȱgates;ȱdoubleȬleafȱ8Ȭpanelȱwoodȱdoor,ȱmarbleȱlintel;ȱ2nd:ȱȱfloorȬsingleȬleafȱdoorȱ withȱsingleȱlightȱarchedȱtransomȱopensȱtoȱoverhangingȱbrickȱbalcony;ȱ3rdȱfloor:ȱȱrecessedȱwithȱ wroughtȱironȱrailing.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1960.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ SPRUCEȱSTREETȱȬȱ500ȱBlockȱ Paving:ȱȱasphaltȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱCurbs:ȱȱgraniteȱ Sidewalks:ȱȱbrickȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱLightȱfixtures:ȱȱ Franklinȱ ȱ 501Ȭ05ȱȱ (a.k.a.ȱ260Ȭ70ȱS.ȱ5thȱStreet).ȱȱTwo,ȱ2Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbayȱbrownȱbrickȱcontemporaryȱ houses.ȱȱȱBayȱ1:ȱȱexcavatedȱbasementȱwindow;ȱcasementȱsashȱonȱ1stȱfloor;ȱ99Ȭlightȱprojectingȱ window;ȱbayȱ2:ȱȱcoupledȱbrickȱandȱconcreteȱstoops;ȱmetalȱdoorȱsurroundȱwithȱflushȱmetalȱdoor;ȱ 1/1ȱsingleȱhungȱwindowȱonȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱglobeȱlanterns;ȱgraniteȱhouseȱnumbers;ȱmetalȱcoping;ȱflatȱ roof.ȱ ȱ 5thȱStreetȱelevation:ȱȱ3ȱstories;ȱ2ȱbays;ȱbrownȱbrick;ȱbayȱ1:ȱȱcasementȱsashȱallȱfloors;ȱbayȱ2:ȱȱtwoȱ stainedȱglassȱoculusȱwindowsȱonȱ1stȱfloor,ȱcasementȱsashȱonȱ2ndȱandȱ3rd;ȱbrickȱchimney;ȱ6Ȭfootȱ highȱbrickȱwallȱextendingȱnorthȱalongȱ5thȱStreetȱwithȱironȱgates.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1965.ȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 525Ȭ33ȱȱ Six,ȱ2Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbayȱbrownȱbrickȱcontemporaryȱhouses.ȱȱȱBayȱ1:ȱȱexcavatedȱ basementȱwindow;ȱcasementȱsashȱonȱ1stȱfloor;ȱ99Ȭlightȱprojectingȱwindow;ȱbayȱ2:ȱȱcoupledȱbrickȱ andȱconcreteȱstoops;ȱmetalȱdoorȱsurroundȱwithȱflushȱmetalȱdoor;ȱ1/1ȱsingleȱhungȱwindowȱonȱ2ndȱ floor;ȱglobeȱlanterns;ȱgraniteȱhouseȱnumbers;ȱmetalȱcoping;ȱflatȱroof.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1960.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ ȱ PINEȱSTREETȱȬȱ400ȱBlockȱ Paving:ȱȱasphaltȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱCurbs:ȱȱgraniteȱ

ȱ 215ȱ AppendixȱEȱ ȱ Sidewalks:ȱȱbrickȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱLightȱfixtures:ȱȱ Franklinȱ Streetȱfurniture:ȱȱwoodenȱbenches,ȱsouthȱsideȱfacingȱcemeteryȱ ȱ 417ȱȱ (a.k.a.ȱ339Ȭ45ȱLawrenceȱStreet)ȱȱ3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ3Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱcontemporaryȱhouse.ȱȱ Principalȱentranceȱatȱgableȱend;ȱuniqueȱarchedȱentrance,ȱrecessedȱlouveredȱdoorȱwithȱtransomȱ andȱsidelights;ȱsingleȬlightȱcasementȱwindowsȱonȱ1stȱfloor,ȱ2Ȭlightsȱ2nd;ȱbrickȱsills;ȱpressedȱmetalȱ corniceȱandȱbargeboard.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1973ȱbyȱGiovanniȱCosco,ȱarchitect.ȱȱRDA.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 419ȱȱ (a.k.a.ȱȱ342Ȭ50ȱLawrenceȱStreet)ȱȱ3Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱNeoȬColonialȱhouse.ȱȱ DoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱonȱallȱfloors;ȱwoodȱboxȱframes;ȱwoodȱsills;ȱ3Ȭpanelȱshuttersȱ1stȱfloor,ȱ2Ȭ panelȱonȱ2nd;ȱgableȱroof;ȱpedimentedȱdormerȱandȱendȱbrickȱchimney.ȱ ȱ LawrenceȱStreetȱelevation:ȱȱentranceȱandȱgarage.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1970ȱbyȱGeorgeȱB.ȱRoberts,ȱarchitect.ȱȱRDA.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ SOUTHȱ3RDȱSTREETȱȬȱ200ȱBlockȱ Paving:ȱȱasphaltȱ Curbs:ȱȱgraniteȱ(east)ȱandȱconcreteȱ(west)ȱ Sidewalks:ȱȱbrickȱȱȱȱȱȱȱLightȱfixtures:ȱȱFranklinȱ ȱ 257Ȭ75ȱȱ (a.k.a.ȱ294ȱLocustȱStreetȱandȱ241ȱSpruceȱStreet)ȱȱTen,ȱ3Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱ contemporaryȱhouses.ȱȱBrickȱandȱflagstoneȱstoopȱwithȱwroughtȱironȱrailing;ȱwoodȱdoorȱsurroundȱ withȱsingleȱlightȱtransom;ȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱ1/1ȱdoubleȬhungȱwindowsȱonȱ1stȱandȱ3rdȱfloors,ȱsomeȱwithȱ 6/6ȱsnapȬinȱmuntins;ȱ2ndȱfloorȱhasȱtwoȱdoubleȬleafȱsingleȱlightȱdoorȱopeningȱontoȱbalconyȱwithȱ wroughtȱironȱrailings;ȱcastȱstoneȱsillsȱandȱlintels;ȱcastȱstoneȱcornice;ȱ259:ȱȱflushȱdoor;ȱsingleȱdoorȱ onȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱ261:ȱȱsingleȱdoorȱonȱ2ndȱfloorȱwithȱscreenȱdoors;ȱpaneledȱshutters;ȱ263:ȱȱ15Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱ stainedȱglassȱtransom;ȱstormȱdoorȱonȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱ265:ȱȱstormȱdoorsȱonȱallȱdoors;ȱ8Ȭpanelȱdoorȱonȱ1stȱ floor;ȱ267:ȱȱflushȱdoor;ȱsingleȱdoorȱonȱ2ndȱfloorȱwithȱlouveredȱshutters;ȱ269:ȱȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoorȱonȱ1stȱ floorȱandȱsingleȱdoorȱonȱ2ndȱwithȱlouveredȱshutters;ȱ271:ȱȱwindowȱgratesȱonȱ1stȱfloor;ȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱ stormȱdoor;ȱ273:ȱȱstormȱdoorȱonȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱ275:ȱȱsingleȱdoorȱonȱ 2ndȱfloorȱwithȱstormȱdoorȱandȱlouveredȱshutters;ȱ277:ȱȱsingleȱdoorȱwithȱstormȱdoorȱonȱ2ndȱfloor.ȱ SpruceȱStreetȱelevation:ȱȱbrick;ȱ1/1ȱsashȱwithȱsecurityȱgrillȱatȱ1stȱfloor;ȱbrickȱgardenȱrunsȱeastȱalongȱ SpruceȱStreet.ȱ ȱ SpruceȱStreetȱelevation:ȱȱbrick;ȱ1/1ȱsashȱwithȱsecurityȱgrillȱatȱ1stȱfloor;ȱbrickȱgardenȱrunsȱeastȱalongȱ SpruceȱStreet.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1963ȱbyȱWrightȱAndradeȱAmentȱandȱGane,ȱarchitects.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ

ȱ 216ȱ AppendixȱEȱ ȱ DELANCEYȱSTREETȱȬȱ300ȱBlockȱ Paving:ȱȱgraniteȱblockȱȱȱȱȱȱȱCurbs:ȱȱgraniteȱ Sidewalks:ȱȱbrickȱȱȱȱȱȱȱLightȱfixtures:ȱȱFranklinȱ ȱ 332ȱȱ 3Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱtanȱbrick,ȱcontemporaryȱbuilding.ȱȱCasementȱsash;ȱdoubleȬleafȱ metalȱdoorȱwithȱtransom;ȱdeck.ȱ ȱ Builtȱ1987.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ DELANCEYȱSTREETȱȬȱ500ȱBlockȱ Paving:ȱȱasphalt,ȱgraniteȱcartwayȱȱȱȱȱȱCurbs:ȱȱgraniteȱ Sidewalks:ȱȱbrickȱȱȱȱȱȱȱLightȱfixtures:ȱȱFranklinȱ ȱ 529ȱȱ 3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱbrickȱandȱgrayȱstucco,ȱFederalȱhouse.ȱȱMarbleȱwatertable;ȱ rectangularȱwoodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱdoor;ȱ3Ȭlightȱtransom;ȱtripartiteȱdoubleȬ hungȱ6/6ȱsashȱ1stȱfloor,ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱ2ndȱandȱ3rd;ȱstuccoȱsills;ȱgambrelȱroof;ȱpedimentedȱ dormer;ȱglassȱblockȱbasementȱwindow.ȱ ȱ Westȱelevation:ȱȱstucco;ȱdoubleȬhungȱ6/6ȱsashȱallȱfloors.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1810.ȱȱFaçadeȱalteredȱc.ȱ1920;ȱstuccoedȱmidȱ1960s.ȱSignificant.ȱ ȱ ADDISONȱSTREETȱȬȱ600ȱBlockȱ Paving:ȱȱgraniteȱblockȱȱȱȱȱȱȱCurbs:ȱȱconcreteȱ Sidewalks:ȱȱbrickȱȱȱȱȱȱȱLightȱfixtures:ȱȱFranklinȱ ȱ 604Ȭ10ȱȱ 3ȱ½Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱbrickȱandȱstucco,ȱPostȬmodernȱhouse.ȱȱRecessedȱentranceȱbayȱ withȱdoorȱandȱsidelight;ȱsingleȱpaneȱarchedȱwindowȱatȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱstuccoȱwallȱonȱ3rdȱfloor;ȱ2Ȭcarȱ garageȱonȱ1stȱfloor;ȱtripartiteȱwindowȱonȱ2ndȱfloorȱwithȱsmallerȱwindow;ȱtwoȱdoubleȬhungȱ windowsȱonȱ3rdȱfloor;ȱoculusȱinȱgable;ȱwroughtȱironȱsecurityȱgate.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1995.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 612Ȭ14ȱȱ 3Ȭstory,ȱ3Ȭbay,ȱstucco,ȱcontemporaryȱhouse.ȱȱCentralȱbayȱrecessed;ȱsingleȬleafȱ doorȱwithȱsidelightsȱandȱglassȱcanopy;ȱbalconyȱatȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱgarageȱatȱ1stȱfloor;ȱhorizontalȱbandȱ withȱ4Ȭlightsȱonȱallȱfloors;ȱwroughtȱironȱsecurityȱgrate.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1987Ȭ1990.ȱȱRDA.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ 616Ȭ18ȱȱ 3Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱredȱbrick,ȱcontemporaryȱhouse.ȱȱThirdȱbayȱrecessedȱwithȱ2Ȭcarȱ garageȱonȱ1stȱfloor;ȱfourȱ9Ȭlightȱwindowsȱonȱ2ndȱfloor,ȱthreeȱ9Ȭlightȱonȱ3rd;ȱrecessedȱfrontȱdoor;ȱ6/6ȱ windowsȱonȱ1stȱandȱ2ndȱfloors;ȱFrenchȱdoorȱwithȱbalconetteȱonȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱgraniteȱbaseȱandȱ

ȱ 217ȱ AppendixȱEȱ ȱ stringcourseȱonȱ1stȱfloor;ȱbrickȱstringcourseȱatȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱrecessedȱ3rdȱstoryȱhiddenȱbyȱbrickȱparapetȱ withȱstoneȱcoping;ȱironȱsecurityȱgateȱatȱfrontȱdoorȱandȱatȱgarageȱwithȱbrickȱparapetȱwall;ȱgableȱ roof.ȱ ȱ Westȱelevation:ȱȱbrick.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1995.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ ST.ȱJOSEPHȇSȱWAYȱȬȱ200ȱBlockȱ Paving:ȱȱconcreteȱandȱbrickȱȱȱȱȱCurbs:ȱȱnoneȱ Sidewalks:ȱȱnoneȱȱȱȱȱȱLightȱfixtures:ȱȱcontemporaryȱ ȱ 258Ȭ70ȱȱ (a.k.a.ȱ258Ȭ70ȱS.ȱOriannaȱPlace)ȱSeven,ȱ2Ȭstory,ȱ2Ȭbay,ȱrectangular,ȱcontemporaryȱ houses.ȱȱBrownȱbrickȱwalls;ȱ3Ȭpartȱmetalȱslidingȱwindowsȱonȱfrontȱwall;ȱflatȱroof;ȱsmallȱgardenȱ enclosedȱbyȱhighȱbrickȱwallȱalongȱfrontȱofȱproperty.ȱ ȱ Builtȱ1967ȱbyȱI.M.ȱPeiȱandȱAssociates,ȱarchitects.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ SOUTHȱ7THȱSTREETȱȬȱ400ȱBlockȱ Paving:ȱȱasphaltȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱCurbs:ȱȱconcreteȱ Sidewalks:ȱȱbrickȱonȱeastȱside,ȱconcreteȱonȱwestȱsideȱȱȱȱLightȱfixtures:ȱȱ Franklinȱ ȱ 406Ȭ12ȱȱ (a.k.a.ȱ701ȱAddisonȱStreet)ȱȱFour,ȱ3Ȭstory,ȱ1Ȭbay,ȱyellowȱtapestryȱbrick,ȱvernacularȱ houses.ȱȱWoodȱdoorȱsurround;ȱsingleȬleafȱ6Ȭpanelȱwoodȱdoor;ȱoversizeȱdoubleȬhungȱ9/9ȱsashȱwithȱ 6Ȭlightȱsidelightsȱonȱ1stȱfloor;ȱconcreteȱstoop;ȱ2Ȭstoryȱoverhangingȱstuccoedȱbayȱwithȱtripartiteȱ6/6ȱ doubleȬhungȱsash;ȱbrickȱsills;ȱwoodȱbeltcourseȱonȱ2ndȱfloor;ȱaluminumȱstandingȱseamȱcornice;ȱflatȱ roofȱwithȱwoodenȱdeck;ȱstormȱsash.ȱ ȱ AddisonȱStreetȱelevation:ȱȱ3Ȭstories;ȱbrick;ȱ1Ȭstoryȱgarageȱwithȱmetalȱdoorȱandȱwoodenȱdeck.ȱ ȱ Rearȱelevation:ȱȱbrickȱwithȱ1Ȭstoryȱadditions.ȱ ȱ Northȱelevation:ȱȱstucco.ȱ ȱ Builtȱc.ȱ1910.ȱȱAlterations:ȱȱc.ȱ1960,ȱshopfrontsȱinfilled.ȱȱContributing.ȱ ȱ ȱ

ȱ 218ȱ AppendixȱEȱ ȱ

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ȱ 223ȱ ȱ ȱ

Indexȱ

Delancey Street, 102...... 170, 171 Aȱ Delancey Street, 134-36 ...... 171 Delancey Street, #201-209 ...... 46 Abramovitz, Harrison...... 40 Delancey Street, 208-12 ...... 170 Alcoa ...... 41 Delancey Street, #218 and #220...... 46 Ames, Kenneth...... 31, 215 Delancey Street, 228-30 ...... 171 Anderson, W. Nelson ...... 58, 63, 122 Delancey Street, 332...... 171 Bȱ DiGiorgio, Thomas H...... 98 Dilworth, Richardson ...... 38, 40 Bacon, Edmund ...... 36, 37 Dock Street Food Distribution Center ...... 3, 5, 36 Berkowitz, Allen A...... 63 Drinker, John...... 64 Better Philadelphia Exhibition ...... 36 DSFDC...... See Dock Street Food Distribution Betts, Samuel F...... 64 Center Browne, Kenneth...... 11, 216 Dutton, Joseph L...... 98 Burris, John H...... 63, 98 Eȱ Cȱ English Heritage...... 14 Carpenter, William and Francis...... 58 Cavaglieri, Giorgio...... 10 Fȱ Chimes, Nick...... 128 Fairmount Park Art Association...... 36 Cole, Laura...... 15, 218 Federal Urban Renewal Administration ...... 39 Conron, John P...... 9 Fish, Joshua ...... 46, 55, 59, 64 Contextual ..... 7, 46, 52, 59, 65, 66, 76, 100, 105, Free Society of Traders ...... 31 123, 125, 129, 151, 155, 156, 157, 160, 168, 170, 171 Gȱ Contrastor...... 7, 47, 99, 102, 105, 125, 138, 151, 157, 158, 161, 168, 170, 171 George B. Roberts ...... 151 Cosco, Giovanni...... 151 Golden, Joseph P...... 62 Cresson, James ...... 64 Goodwin, John...... 63, 98 Greater Philadelphia Exhibition ...... 39 ȱ Greater Philadelphia Movement...... 36 Greenfield & Co., Albert M...... 16, 23 Dȱ Greenfield, Albert...... 38 Decker, Robert L...... 127 Gregory, A. Harold...... 97 Delancey Street, 100 ...... 172

ȱ 224ȱ Indexȱ ȱ Hȱ Oȱ Harrington and Yu Associates...... 63 Old Philadelphia Development Corporation ...38, Hassinger & Schwam...... 128 39 Head House ...... 5, 31, 32 Osmund, Overby ...... 12 Hopkinson House ...... 41 Overby, Osmund ...... 10 Housing Act of 1954 ...... 38 Housing Assistance Act...... 39 Pȱ Iȱ Pace, Valerie Sue Halverson ...... 35 Parnum, Edward J...... 64 Imitator...... 7, 45, 52, 59, 65, 76, 132, 151, 170 Pei and Associates, I. M...... 5, 159 Independence Hall Association ...... 36, 216 Pei and Associates, I.M...... 5, 40, 215 Independence National Historical Park ...... 5, 216 Penn, William...... 30, 31 Independence Square...... 35 Pennsylvania Housing and Renewal Act...... 36 Inventory, National Register ...... iv, 6, 51, 127 Perkins, G. Holmes...... 40 Philadelphia City Planning Commission...16, 24, Jȱ 37, 38, 39, 40, 219 Philadelphia Historical Commission ..26, 27, 122 Jacobsen, Hugh Newell ...... 55 Philadelphia Home Rule Charter...... 37 Jefferson Square Corporation...... 40 Philadelphia Register of Historic Places...... 6 Kȱ Pine Street, 417...... 171 Pine Street, 618-26 ...... 46, 170 Kling, Vincent ...... 39 Pine Street, #621 and #638...... 172 Pine Street, 633...... 47 Lȱ Pine Street, 639-43 ...... 47, 171 Larson, Roy...... 36, 39 Porter, David ...... 119 Lloyd and Associates, John...... 122 Praissman, Joseph...... 64, 122 Preservation Alliance of Greater Philadelphia..26 Mȱ Rȱ Magaziner and Potter ...... 119 Mark, Adolf DeRoy...... 59 Rafsky, William...... 40 Martin & Associates, Benjamin ...... 123 Redevelopment Authority of Philadelphia ....2, 8, McCormac, Richard ...... 12 16, 19, 20, 36, 39, 40, 41, 45, 52, 99, 158, Meguire, William ...... 98 216, 219 Mitchell/Giurgola Associates...... 63, 97 Rehabilitation ...... 48 Morris, Thomas ...... 97 Restoration...... 48 Mumford, Lewis...... 43 Rhodes, Samuel...... 55 Murtagh, William...... 31, 217 Rittenhouse Square...... ix, 32 Rosenblum, Martin...... 127 Nȱ Roy Vollmer Associates...... 63 National Alliance for Preservation Commissions Sȱ ...... 25, 217 National Housing Act...... 37 Sacksteder, John D...... 97 National Park Service...... 37 Sanborn maps ...... 6, 48 National Register of Historic Places...... 6 Sauer, Louis...... 5, 12, 32, 93, 97, 155 National Trust for Historic Preservation ...13, 14, Schlein, B.V...... 98 215, 216, 218 Seal, William...... 127 New Market...... 5, 31, 32 Seibert, Curtis...... 97, 98 Seventh Street, 406-12...... 172 ȱ 225ȱ Indexȱ ȱ Smith, W. Gray...... 98 Vȱ Society Hill Historic District...... iv, ix, 26, 48 Society Hill Towers...... 5, 41, 42 Van Arkel and Moss...... 63 Solomon, Lenord...... 127 Spruce, 500 Block of...... 172 Wȱ Spruce Street, 501-505 and 525-33 ...... 171 Warner, John ...... 59, 122 Stevens, Jocelyn ...... 11, 218 Washington Square East Urban Renewal Area Stonorov, Oskar...... 36, 39 Technical Report...... 16 Suchman, Diane R...... 15 Washington Square East Urban Renewal Plan Tȱ 16, 17, 19, 20, 35, 38, 40, 41, 42, 52, 60, 99, 158, 216, 217, 219 Technical Report on Neighborhood Washington Square Redevelopment Area Plan Conservation, A...... 16, 23, 216 16, 24, 219 Terrell, George ...... 127 Webb and Knapp...... 40, 41 The Chinese Wall...... 37 Wetherill, Joseph...... 58, 64 Tinti, William J...... 10 Winokur, Herbert...... 58 Tobbiessen, Frijof...... 64 Wright Andrade Ament and Gane, Architects154 Trump, Robert T...... 58 Wright, Andrade and Amenta...... 20, 23, 40, 41 Turner, Benjamin Esler ...... 127 Yȱ Young, Dwight ...... 12, 219 ȱ ȱ

ȱ 226ȱ