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BIOLOGIA REPRODUTIVA DE Phymatidium Delicatulum (ORCHIDACEAE)

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BIOLOGIA REPRODUTIVA DE Phymatidium Delicatulum (ORCHIDACEAE) 64º Congresso Nacional de Botânica Belo Horizonte, 10-15 de Novembro de 2013 BIOLOGIA REPRODUTIVA DE Phymatidium delicatulum (ORCHIDACEAE) Paulo R. M. Cabral 1,*, Emerson R. Pansarin 2 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia. Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto ; 2Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP *[email protected] Introdução Conclusões O gênero Phymatidium Lindl. pertence à subtribo Phymatidium delicatulum possui elaióforos na base do Oncidiinae [1] e compreende cerca de 10 espécies, labelo e o óleo secretado é coletado por abelhas da tribo incluindo Phymatidium delicatulum , uma espécie Tapinotaspidini, que polinizam suas flores. A espécie endêmica do Brasil e que ocorre nas regiões nordeste, mostrou-se autocompatível e não autógama. Assim, um sudeste e sul do país [2]. agente polinizador é necessário para transferência do Várias espécies de Oncidiinae oferecem óleo como pólen entre plantas de P. delicatulum , mantendo o fluxo recurso floral aos seus polinizadores [3] que é produzido gênico. em glândulas conhecidas como elaióforos [4]. O óleo produzido por essas estruturas é coletado por abelhas e utilizado como alimento no provisionamento de Agradecimentos larvas [5] ou na impermeabilização de seus ninhos [6]. Alguns estudos têm documentado abelhas do gênero PRMC é grato ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Paratetrapedia (Tapinotaspidini) coletando óleo e atuando Entomologia de FFCLRP-USP e ao CNPq pela bolsa de como polinizadores de Ornithocephalus [7,8]. mestrado concedida . O autor agradece à Base O presente trabalho teve como objetivos investigar a Ecológica da Serra do Japi pela autorização biologia reprodutiva de Phymatidium delicatulum . concedida para a realização das pesquisas. Metodologia Referências Bibliográficas Os estudos sobre biologia reprodutiva de Phymatidium [1] Toscano de Brito, A.L.V. 2007. A taxonomic revision of the delicatulum foram conduzidos na Serra do Japi, no genus Phymatidium (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae). Kew Bulletin (62): município de Jundiaí-SP. Foram analisados aspectos de 529-560. sua fenologia e morfo-anatomia floral, além de realizadas [2] Barros, F. DE; Vinhos, F.; Rodrigues, V.T.; Barberena, observações dos polinizadores e mecanismos de F.F.V.A.; Fraga, C.N.; Pessoa, E.M. & Forster, W. 2013. polinização. Também foram realizados experimentos para Orchidaceae in Lista de Espécies da flora do Brasil. Jardim verificar o sistema de reprodução da espécie Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. (http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/jabot/floradobrasil/FB11992). (autopolinização manual, autopolinização espontânea, [3] Chase, M.W.; Hanson, L.; Albert, V.A.; Whitten, W.M. & polinização cruzada e emasculação). Willians, N.H. 2005. Life history evolution and genome size in subtribe Oncidiinae (Orchidaceae). Annals of Botany (95): 191- 199. Resultados e Discussão [4] Vogel, S. 1974. Ölblumen und ölsammelnde Bienen. Tropical und Subtropical Pflanzenwelt (7): 285-547. Phymatidium delicatulum possui flores [5] Davies, K.L. & Stpiczynska, M. 2009. Comparative histology predominantemente brancas e com elaióforos na base do of floral elaiophores in the orchids Rudolfiella picta (Schltr.) labelo [9], assim como ocorre em outros grupos de Hoehne (Maxillariinae sensu lato) and Oncidium ornithorhynchum Oncidiinae, como em Zygostates Lindl. e Ornithocephalus H.B.K. (Oncidiinae sensu lato). Annals of Botany (104): 221-234. Hook. [9,7]. [6] Silvera, K.I. 2002. Adaptive radiation of oil-reward compounds O óleo é coletado por abelhas da tribo Tapinotaspidini, among Neotropical orchid species (Oncidiinae). University of Florida. que polinizam suas flores, assim como documentadas em [7] Toscano de Brito, A.V.L. 2001. Systematic review of the algumas espécies de Ornithocephalus no Panamá e no Ornithocephalus group (Oncidiinae:Orchidaceae) with comments Peru [7,8]. As atividades às flores são realizadas entre on Hofmeisterella. Lindleyana (16): 157-217. 07:00 e 14:00 h aproximadamente. Resultados similares [8] Van der Cingel, N.A. 2001. An atlas of orchid pollination: foram observados em outras espécies de Oncidiinae [10]. America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema. Phymatidium delicatulum mostrou-se autocompatível e [9] Reis, M.G.; Singer, R.B.; Gonçalves, R. & Marsaioli, A.J. não autógama. Em Oncidiinae, a autoincompatibilidade é 2006. The chemical composition of Phymatidium delicatulum and incomum, sendo registrada somente para algumas P. tillandsioides (Orchidaceae) floral oils. Natural Product espécies [11]. Communications (1): 757-761. [10] Singer, R.B. & Coccuci, A.A. 1999. Pollination mechanism in Em condições naturais as plantas desenvolveram poucos southern Brazilian orchids which are exclusively or mainly frutos. Resultados semelhantes têm sido documentados pollinated by Halictid bees. Plant systematics and evolution para outras espécies não autógamas e que oferecem (217): 101-117. óleo como recompensa aos seus polinizadores [12]. [11] Tremblay, R.L.; Ackerman, J.D.; Zimmerman, J.K. & Calvo, R.N. 2005. Variation in sexual reproduction in orchids and its evolutionary consequences: a spasmodic journey to diversification. Biological Journal of Linnean Society (84): 1-54. [12] Mickeliunas, L.; Pansarin, E.R. & Sazima, M. 2006. Biologia floral, melitofilia e influência de besouros Curculionidae no sucesso reprodutivo de Grobya amherstiae Lindl. Revista Brasileira de Botânica (29): 251-258. 64º Congresso Nacional de Botânica Belo Horizonte, 10-15 de Novembro de 2013 . 25a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de Química - SBQ 2.
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