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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76733-0 - The Cambridge History of Religions in Latin America Edited by Virginia Garrard-Burnett, Paul Freston and Stephen C. Dove Index More information Index Note : A t following a page number indicates a table on that page. Abad y Queipo, Manuel, 235 natural world, 49 – 50 ABC (Associação Benefi cente Cristã), 753 spiritual world, 50 abogados, 1 4 3 Benin Kingdom, 47 See also saints healing function of religion, 55 – 59 abortion primary causes of illness, 58 Catholics on, 503 , 552 secondary causes of illness, 58 Charismatic Catholics on, 469 infl uence on Baroque, 166 – 167 decriminalization of, 343 , 503 , 549 overview of, 47 – 49 evangelicals on, 554 – 555 universe of gods, 50 – 55 fetus risk cases, 550 , 552 , 553 , 555 ancestors, 53 – 55 maternal health risk cases, 552 , 555 concept of “time,” 51 Pentecostals on, 553 , 554 – 555 deities, 52 – 53 rape cases, 552 , 555 deities, number of, 53 See also reproduction and sexuality sacrifi c e s , 5 7 A Coordenadoria Ecumênica de Serviço Supreme Being, 50 – 52 (CESE), 510 See also Akan people ; Igbo people ; Yoruba Acosta, José de, 75 , 80 – 81 African diaspora religions (ADRs), 603 – 627 Acre, Mariano José de, 241 Africanization of, 604 – 605 , 616 – 621 Acuña, Clodomiro Siller, 329 and anti-syncretism, 617 , 619 – 620 Ad Gentes, 565 – 566 disagreements over African purity/ Adriano of Utrecht, 134 authenticity, 618 – 619 Adrian VI (pope), 134 and double participation, 620 – 621 AEMINPU (Peruvian Asociación Evangélica and gender inclusivity, 618 de la Misión Israelita del Nuevo orisha revivalists role in, 617 Pacto Universal), 214 – 216 process of, 617 – 618 a ffi rmative action programs, 749 by reclaiming authentic African rituals, Africa 617 – 618 Pentecostalism in, 422 – 423 , 430 in Trinidad, 617 Protestant missionaries in, 287 , 288 by use of Yoruba language, 617 Seventh-Day Adventists in, 697 Africans Christianized before coming to television ownership in, 426 Americas, 608 See also Africa, religion in pre-contact ; antagonism toward, 621 African diaspora religions (ADRs) ; Bantu-derived practices, 606 – 607 Afro-Caribbean religions Angola in Brazil, 606 – 607 , 618 Africa, religion in pre-contact, 47 – 59 bad work as associated with, 611 African cosmovisions, 49 – 50 Palo in Cuba, 606 – 607 human world, 49 Petro rites in Haiti, 606 – 607 775 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76733-0 - The Cambridge History of Religions in Latin America Edited by Virginia Garrard-Burnett, Paul Freston and Stephen C. Dove Index More information Index African diaspora religions (ADRs) (cont.) reasons for survival of spiritual traditions Candomblé in Brazil ( see Candomblé of Africans, 634 – 635 (Brazil)) and run-away slaves, 636 Catholic acceptance of, 621 Santería ( see Santería (Cuba)) defi ning, 605 and slavery, 634 devotional organizations, 608 – 609 in Trinidad, 635 diff erences among, 603 Afro-Okinawan sects, 726 and divination, 611 agency and gender, 537 – 540 and healing, 664 Outline to a Theory of Practice, 537 Macumba in Brazil, 611 and ritualization, 538 – 539 Muslim slaves, 608 In Search of Respect, 537 – 538 and nationalization, 604 , 613 – 616 Staying Sober in Mexico City, 539 – 540 overview of, 605 – 613 structure-agency struggle, 537 – 538 , Pentecostal attitude toward, 604 – 605 , 621 539 – 540 Petro rite in Haiti, 611 subject-society struggle, 538 – 539 Quimbanda in Brazil, 611 Travestis, 538 – 539 race issues, 613 – 614 , 616 AIDSEP (Asociación Interétnica de Rada rite in Haiti, 611 Desarrollo de la Selva Peruana), 5 6 2 Santería in Cuba ( see Santería (Cuba)) Akan people, 51 , 52 similarities among, 603 , 607 – 608 , 610 – 613 Alarcón, Ferndando Ruiz de, 84 a ffl iction/healing focus, 610 Alberro, Solange, 138 gender roles, 613 Alcalá y Mendiola, Miguel de, 151 good/bad work distinction, Alcoholics Anonymous, in Mexico, 539 – 540 611 – 612 , 618 Aldama, Juan de, 237 initiates, 612 Alexander VI (pope), 90 participation rates, 612 – 613 Allende, Ignacio, 237 , 238 reciprocal relationships between Allende, Salvador, 308 , 404 humans/spirits, 610 – 611 Alliance for Progress, 361 rituals, 611 Almedida, Rondaldo de, 421 sexuality, 613 Alta California “traditional” African religion concept, 607 Jesuit missions in, 184 Umbanda in Brazil ( see Umbanda (Brazil)) See also missions, Franciscan in Alta Vodou in Haiti ( see Vodou (Haiti)) California Vodú in Cuba, participation rates, 612 – 613 Altamirano, Ignacio Manuel, 327 – 328 Yoruba-derived practices, 606 , 618 – 619 altar screens, 121 – 122 good work as associated with, 611 alternativa, 231 , 235 Nago, 618 Althaus-Reid, Marcella, 369 Regla de Ocha in Cuba, 616 – 617 Alvarado, Juan Velasco, 403 Regla de Palo Monte in Cuba, 611 , 618 Alves, J. E. D., 15 See also slave religions ; slavery ; American Seaman’s Friend Society transnationalism (Brazil), 288 Afro-Caribbean religions, 633 – 646 Amezaga, Mariano, 262 and Catholicism, 635 – 636 amulets, 139 , 203 common traits of, 636 – 637 Anastácia (Brazilian saint), 482 Espiritismo (Spiritism), 637 – 639 ancestor worship and ancestor worship, 639 Egungun societies, 617 – 618 beginnings among elites, 638 and Espiritismo, 639 as hybrid spirituality, 638 – 639 by Incas, 28 and Kardecism, 637 – 638 by Palo followers, 644 , 645 spread beyond elites, 638 Anderson, Allan, 431 in Jamaica, 635 Andes overview of, 633 Baroque era artwork in, 165 Palo see Palo (Cuba) communal piety in, 168 776 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76733-0 - The Cambridge History of Religions in Latin America Edited by Virginia Garrard-Burnett, Paul Freston and Stephen C. Dove Index More information Index indigenous representation of Virgin Mary and liberals, 252 , 261 – 263 , 266 in, 482 nations with churches phase, 1850–1880, messianic/revitalization movements in, 255 , 260 – 264 212 – 216 Church wealth, 263 indigenous cosmological background, Colombia, 263 2 1 2 – 2 1 3 Mexico, 261 , 262 – 263 indigenous millenarian movements, Peru, 262 2 1 3 – 2 1 6 privatizing vs. eradicating religion, 261 pachakuti concept, 213 Venezuela, 264 Spanish infl uences, 213 and regalism, 251 , 252 popular-erudite dialectic in, 739 – 740 and statism, 251 – 252 progressive Catholicism in, 385 – 386 Aora, Juan de, 91 witchcraft in, 103 – 104 Aparicio, Sebastián de, 163 – 164 See also Incas ; Peru apocalyptic vision of friars, 89 – 90 Andreas, Rafael, 243 Apologética Historia (Las Casas), 69 – 70 , Ángeles, Francisca de los, 124 – 125 7 7 , 8 0 – 8 1 Anglicans, 299 – 300 , 576 – 577 Apostolic Church (Pentecostal; Mexico), 433 Angola (Brazil), 606 – 607 , 618 Apter, Andrew, 603 Angulo, Mariano, 241 Aquino, María Pilar, 529 – 530 animal magnetism, 651 – 652 , 654 – 655 Araucanians (Mapuches), 234 animal sacrifi ce, and Santería practitioners Araújo, Maria de, 211 in US, 623 Arbenz, Jacobo, 435 Ann (Saint), 153 Arce, Mariano José de Annacondia, Carlos, 674 architecture Annals of Cuauhtinchan, 8 2 – 8 3 atrios, 98 – 100 Anthony (Saint), 166 fortress-monasteries, 89 – 90 anthropophagy, 77 – 79 See also Baroque era European debate on, 77 – 78 Argentina human sacrifi ce as reinforcing notion of, 79 abortion in, 343 , 503 and Protestant view on Eucharist, 80 anticlericalism in, 258 – 259 , 266 , 347 ritual cannibalism, 79 Catholicism in anticlericalism Church-state relationship, 352 , 494 background to, 251 – 255 dictatorships, 409 – 411 beyond churches phase, 1880–1900s, 255 , human rights violations, 409 – 411 , 511 – 512 264 – 267 lay Catholic organizations, 354 , 355 Argentina, 266 moral concordat, 339 González Prada, writings of, 264 – 265 number of followers, 342 Guatemala, 265 Our Lady of Lujan shrine, 278 – 279 Mexico, 266 – 267 popular, 274 , 278 – 279 and Social Darwinism, 264 progressive, 385 church-nation phase, 1750–1850, 255 – 260 r e f o r m s , 74 3 Argentina, 258 – 259 Chinese immigrants in, 723 Gran Colombia, 257 clerical support for independence, 399 Guatemala, 259 – 260 decline in institutional religious practices Mexico, 258 in, 340 Paraguay, 257 – 258 Dirty War in, 511 – 512 practical focus, 256 ecumenical movement in, 731 , 733 Río de la Plata, 257 expulsion of Jesuits from, 259 and conservatives, 251 , 252 , 258 – 260 independence of, 243 defi ning, 252 – 254 Japanese immigrants in, 724 historical typology of, 254 Jews in, 683 , 710 , 711 , 713 independence infl uence on, 252 Korean immigrants in, 727 infl uence of Positivism on, 251 – 255 , 264 Latter-Day Saints in, 692 777 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76733-0 - The Cambridge History of Religions in Latin America Edited by Virginia Garrard-Burnett, Paul Freston and Stephen C. Dove Index More information Index Argentina (cont.) Afro-Okinawan sects, 726 Lutheranism in, 305 – 306 , 307 – 308 in Brazil, 724 , 725 , 726 military coup in, 378 Japanese-Catholic movements, 724 military rule in, 499 – 500 New Religions, 726 Mothers of the Plaza del Mayo in Okinawan, 726 Argentina, 516 Shindo Renmei movement, 724 Muslims in, 714 , 716 – 717 , 719 Shintoism, 724 patron saint of, 278 – 279 , 454 Zen Buddhism, 725 Pentecostalism in, 422 Korean Christianity, 727 – 728 beginnings, 432 overview of, 723 – 724 denomination composition/ Asociación Interétnica de Desarrollo de nationalization process, 434 – 435 la Selva Peruana (AIDESEP, revival of 1990s, 674 Inerethnic Association for the sex education, 555 Development of the Peruvian