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Automotive Industry in India from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Automotive industry in India From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Mahindra Scorpio, one of India's best selling indigenously developed SUV. Foreign carmakers have built plants in India. The Automotive industry in India is one of the largest in the world and one of the fastest growing globally. India manufactures over 17.5 million vehicles (including 2 wheeled and 4 wheeled) and exports about 2.33 million every year.[1] It is the world's sesecondcond largest manufacturer of motorcycles, withwith annual sales exceeding 8.5 million in 2009.[2] India's passenger car and commercial vehicle manufacturing industry is the seventh largest in the world, with an annual production of more than 3.7 million units in 2010.[3] According to recent reports, India is set to overtake Brazil to become the sixth largest passenger vehicle producer in the world, growing 16-18 per cent to sell around three million units in the course of 2011-12.[4] In 2009, India ememergederged as Asia's fourth largest exporter of passenger cars, behind Japan, South Korea, and Thailand.[5] As of 2010, India is home to 40 million passenger vehvehiclesicles and more than 3.7 mmillioillionn automotive vehicles were produced in India in 2010 (an increase of 33.9%), making the country the secosecondnd fastfastestest growing automobile market in the world.[6][7] According to the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers, annual car sales are projected to increase up to 5 milliomillionn vehicles by 2015 and more than 9 million by 2020.[8] By 2050, the country is expected to top the world in car volumes with approximately 611 million vehicles on the nation's roads.[9] A chunk of India's car manufacturing industry is based in and around Chennai, also known as tthehe "Detroit of India"[10] with the India operations of BMW, Ford, Hyundai and Nissan headquartered in the city. Chennai accounts for 60 per cent of the countrycountry's's automotive exports.[11] Gurgaon and Manesar in Haryana are hubs where all of the Maruti Suzuki cars in InIndiadia are manufactured.[12] The ChakanChakan corridor near Pune, Maharashtra is another vehicular production hub with companies like GeGeneralneral Motors, Volkswagen, Skoda, Mahindra and Mahindra, Tata Motors, Mercedes Benz, Fiat and Force Motors[13][14] having assembly plants in the area. Ahmedabad with the Tata Nano plant, Halol with General Motors, Aurangabad with Audi, Kolkatta with Hindustan Motors, Noida with Honda and Bengaluru with Toyota are some of tthehe other automotive manufacturing regions around the country.[15][16][17]Contents [hide] 1 Overview 2 History 3 Industry Definition 4 Supply Chain of Automobile Industry 5 Key statistics 5.1 Automobile Production 5.2 Automobile Sales 5.3 Automobile Exports 5.4 Product and service segmentation 5.5 Vehicle Registration 5.6 Total Number of Vehicle Registrations in India from 2001 ttoo 2008 6 Emission norms 7 Geographic Segmentation 7.1 Geographical Segmentation:Sate-wise motor vehicles registration in India from 2001 - 2008 7.2 Geographical Segmentation: Category-wise number of registrations in States of India 7.3 Geographical Segmentation: Category-wise registration in Union Territories of India 8 Exports 8.1 Top 20 Export destinations in 2007-2008 and growtgrowthh from previous year 9 Passenger vehicles in India 9.1 Indian automotive companies 9.2 Foreign automotive companies in India 9.2.1 Vehicles manufactured or assembled in India 9.2.2 Vehicles brought into India as CBUs 10 Commercial vehicle manufacturers in India 10.1 Indian brands 10.2 Joint Venture Brands 10.3 Foreign brands 11 Electric car mmanufacturersanufacturers in India 12 Market Characteristics 13 International Markets 14 International Markets Analysis 15 Basis of Competition 16 Life Cycle 17 Industry Conditions 18 Taxation 19 MODVAT and CENVAT 20 Customs Duty 21 Service Tax 22 Capital and Labour Intensity 23 Industry Volatility 24 Key Competitors 25 Tata Motors 26 Maruti Suzuki India 27 Hyundai Motor India 28 Mahindra & Mahindra 29 Ashok Leyland 30 Hero Honda Motors 31 Bajaj Auto 32 Key Factors 33 Key Success Factors 34 Further reading 35 Footnotes [edit] Overview The Indian Automobile Industry is manufacturing over 11 million vehicles and exporting about 1.5 million every year [18]. The dominant products of the industry are two wheelers with a market share of over 75% and passenger cars with a market share of about 116%[19].6%[19]. Commercial vehiclevehicless and three wheelers share about 9% of the market between them. AbAboutout 91% of the vehicles sold are used by households and only about 9% for commercial purposes[20]. The industry has attained a turnover of more than USD 35 billion and provides direct and indirindirectect employment to over 13 million people[21].people[21]. The supply chain of this industry in India is very similar to the supply chain of the automotive industry iinn Europe and America. This may present its own set of opopportunitiesportunities and threats. The orders of the industry arise from the bottom of the supply chain i. e., from the consumers and goes throughthrough tthehe automakers and climbs up until the third tier suppliersuppliers.s. However the products, as channelled in everyevery traditional automotive industry, flow from the top of the supply cchainhain to reach the consumers. Interestingly, the level of trade eexportsxports in this sesectorctor in India has been medium and importsimports have been low. However, this is rapidly changing and both exports and imports are increasing. The demand determinants of the industry are factors like affordabilaffordability,ity, product innovation, infrastructure and price of fuel. Also, the basis of competition is the sesectorctor iiss high and increasing and the life cycle stage is growth. With a rapidly growing middle class, all the advantages of this sector in India are yet to be leveraged. Note that, with a high cost ooff developing production facilities, limited accessibilityaccessibility to new technology and soaring competition, the barriers to eenternter the IndIndianian Automotive sector are high and these bbarriersarriers are study. On the other hand, India has a well-developed tax structure. The powerpower to levy taxes and duties is distributed among the three tiers of GoverGovernment.nment. The cost structure of the industry iiss fairly traditional, but the profitability of motor vehicle manufacturers has been rising over the past five years. Major players, like Tata Motors and Maruti Suzuki have material cost of about 80% but are recording profits after tax of about 6% to 11%[22]. The level of technology change in the Motor vehicle Industry has been high but, the rate of change in technology has been medium. Investment in the technology by the producers has been high. System- suppliers of integrated components and sub-systems have become the order ooff the day. However, further investment in new technologies will help the industry be more competitive. Over the past few years, the industry has been volatile. Currently, IIndia’sndia’s increasing per capitacapita disposable income whicwhichh isis expected to rise by 106% by 2015[23] and growth in exports is playing a major role in the rise and competitiveness of the industry. Tata Motors is leading the commercial vehicle segment with a market share of about 64%[24]. Maruti Suzuki is leading the passenger vehicle segment wwithith a market share of 46%[25]. Hyundai Motor India and Mahindra and Mahindra are focusing expanding their footprint in the overseas market. HeHeroro Honda Motors is occupying over 41% and sharing 26%[26]of the two wheeler market in India with BajBajajaj Auto. Bajaj Auto in itself is occupying about 58% of the three wheeler market. Consumers are very important of the survival of the MoMotortor Vehicle manufacturing industry. In 2008-09, customer sentiment dropped, which burned on the augmentation in demand of ccars.ars. Steel is the major input used by manufacturers and the rise in price of ssteelteel is putting a cost pressure on manufacturersmanufacturers and cost is getting transferred to the end consumer. The price of ooilil and petrol affect the driving habits of consumers and the type of car they buy. The key to success in the industry is to improve lablabourour productivity, labourlabour flexibility, and capital efficiency. Having quality manpower, infrastructure improvements, and raw material availability also play a major role. Access to latest and most efficient ttechnologyechnology and techniques willwill bring competitive advantage to the major players. Utilising manufacturing plants to optimum level and understanding implications from the government policies are the essentials in the Automotive Industry of India. Both, Industry and Indian Government are obligated to intervene the Indian Automotive industry. The Indian government should facilitate infrastructure creation, create favourable and predictable business environment, attract investment and promote research and devdevelopment.elopment. The role of Industry will primarily be in designing and manufacturing products of world-class quality establishing cost competitiveness and improving productivity in labour and in capital. With a combined effort, the Indian Automotive industry will emerge as the destination of choice in the world for design and manufacturing of automobiles. [edit] History The first car ran on India's roads in 1897. Until the 191930s,30s, cars werweree imporimportedted directly, but in very small numbers. Embryonic automotive industry emerged in India in the 1940s. Mahindra & Mahindra was established by two brothers as a ttradingrading company in 1945, and began assemassemblybly of Jeep CJCJ-3A-3A utility vehicles under license from Willys.[27] The company soon branched out into the manufacture of light commercial vehicles (LCVs) and agricultural tractors.[28] Following the independence, in 1947, the GoverGovernmentnment of India and the private sector launched efforts to create an automotive component manufacturing industry to supply to the automobile industry. However, the growth was relatively slow in the 1950s and 1960s due to nationalinationalisationsation and the license raj which hampered the Indian private sector.
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