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Crusaders and Georgia: a Critical Approach to Georgian Historiography1
David Tinikashvili Ilia State University Ioane Kazaryan Unaffiliated researcher Crusaders and Georgia: A Critical Approach to Georgian Historiography1 Keywords: Georgia, Iberia, Crusades, David the Builder (King of Georgia), Jerusalem, Antioch, Roman Church, Pope I. Introduction In the present article we consider military relations between Latins and Georgians (Iberians) in the period of the Crusades. The research draws on Georgian and non-Georgian medieval sources as well as relevant secondary historical publications and reassesses some of the opinions expressed in the works by Georgian researchers. One of the first mentions of Georgians (Iberians2) in the Medieval Latin sources is a letter of a 12th century Latin clergyman, Ansellus, the Cantor of the Holy Sepulchre, addressed to Gallon the Bishop of Paris [Ansellus 1902: 729-732]. However, the major source of information about the Georgians is Historia Orientalis by Jacques de Vitry, bishop of Acre (†1240) [Jacques de Vitry 2008]. The chronicle was written at the time of the Fifth Crusade. Since then Georgians become widely known to Latin authors, who portrayed them 1 The authors are grateful to Dr Peter Halfter for his helpful comments on the article. 2 In this period “Iberia” and “Georgia” were synonyms [Skylitzae 1973: 339, 74-80; 340]. It should be mentioned that when Emperor Basilius arrived in Georgia, it was not eastern but south-western Georgia, which Skylitzae likewise calls Iberia. Besides, under the reign of David the Builder and King Thamar, Georgia (Saqartvelo) was a single kingdom called by the Latins Iberia in the 12th-13th centuries; e.g. crusader G. De Boys writes: “quodde Hiberia quidam Christiani” (“Christians from Iberia”). -
Strategy for Georgia
DOCUMENT OF THE EUROPEAN BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR GEORGIA As approved by the Board of Directors at its meeting on 4 September 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................... 1 1. THE BANK'S PORTFOLIO ............................................................................. 4 1.1. Overview over Bank activities to date ........................................................... 4 1.2. Implementation of the previous Country Strategy ......................................... 5 1.3. Transition impact of the Bank's portfolio ...................................................... 6 2. OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT ................................................................. 8 2.1. Political context ............................................................................................. 8 2.2. Macroeconomic context ................................................................................. 8 2.3. Structural reform context ............................................................................... 9 2.4. Business environment .................................................................................. 10 2.5. Social context ............................................................................................... 10 2.6. Legal context ................................................................................................ 12 2.7. Energy efficiency and climate change context ........................................... -
წელი Years წელი Years მისალმება a Word from Our Partners
წელი YEARS წელი YEARS მისალმება A WORD FROM OUR PARTNERS ძვირფასო მეგობრებო, Dear Clients and Friends, ოხარული ვართ, წარმოგიდგინოთ წინამდებარე t is with great pleasure that we present you this publication პუბლიკაცია, რომელიც ეძღვნება იურიდიული ფირმის dedicated to the milestone 20th anniversary of Mgaloblishvili მ „მგალობლიშვილი, ყიფიანი, ძიძიგური“ I Kipiani Dzidziguri (MKD). (MKD) 20 წლისთავს. We are celebrating 20 years of practice, during which we have grown ჩვენი ფირმის ისტორია მჭიდროდ უკავშირდება საქართველოს step by step together with our country—from the early years of its new- ly-gained independence to the signing of its Association Agreement with უახლეს წარსულს. დამოუკიდებლობის მოპოვებიდან დღეის the European Union, and beyond. Over these past two decades, we have ჩათვლით, როდესაც ყველანი ერთად ვზეიმობთ საქართველოს tried to develop ourselves, to help others to develop, and to make our ევროპულ ოჯახში დაბრუნებას, გავუმკლავდით არაერთ own contribution to the formation of a state of rule of law. Looking ahead, გამოწვევას, ვცდილობდით განვვითარებულიყავით, სხვებსაც much remains to be done, but following this path, facing challenges along დავხმარებოდით განვითარებაში და ჩვენი წვლილი შეგვეტანა the way and supporting our clients in Georgia during these very exciting სამართლებრივი სახელმწიფოს ფორმირებაში. მართალია, developments has been an amazing experience. მთავარი სირთულეები წინ არის, მაგრამ ერთი რამ შეიძლება Our well-established team has worked consistently over this period to დარწმუნებით ითქვას: ქვეყნის განვითარების ამ საინტერესო achieve the best possible results for our clients and business partners, ეტაპებში ჩართულობამ და შესაძლებლობამ, ერთგულად and have always remained dedicated to the highest standards of excel- ვემსახუროთ ჩვენს ბიზნეს პარტნიორებს, ძალიან დიდი, lence in our profession. Many of us have been part of MKD for 10, 15 or საინტერესო და მრავალმხრივი გამოცდილება შეგვძინა. -
GEORGIA (Acting Through the Ministry of Finance of Georgia) U.S.$500,000,000 2.750% Notes Due 2026 ISSUE PRICE: 99.422%
GEORGIA (acting through the Ministry of Finance of Georgia) U.S.$500,000,000 2.750% Notes due 2026 ISSUE PRICE: 99.422% The U.S.$500,000,000 2.750% Notes due 2026 (the "Notes") to be issued by Georgia, acting through the Ministry of Finance of Georgia (the "Issuer" or "Georgia"), will mature on 22 April 2026 (the "Maturity Date") and, unless previously purchased and cancelled, will be redeemed at their principal amount on that date. The Notes will bear interest from, and including, 22 April 2021 at the rate of 2.750% per annum payable semi-annually in arear on 22 April and 22 October in each year, commencing on 22 October 2021. This Offering Circular comprises neither a prospectus for the purposes of Part VI of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (as amended) (the "FSMA"), a prospectus for the purposes of Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (the "UK Prospectus Regulation"), nor listing particulars given in compliance with the listing rules made under Part VI of the FSMA by the UK Financial Conduct Authority (the "FCA") pursuant to the FSMA. Application has been made for the Notes to be admitted to the official list of the FCA (the "Official List") and to trading on the main market (the "Market") of the London Stock Exchange plc (the "London Stock Exchange"). The Notes are being offered (i) in offshore transactions in reliance on, and as defined in, Regulation S (the "Regulation S Notes") under the U.S. -
BG Capital Equity and Bond Conference Agenda*
BG Capital Equity and Bond Conference Agenda* Thursday, 4 September 2014 Time Topic Speaker 09:00 – 10:00 Registration 10:00 – 10:15 Welcome speech Irakli Gilauri, CEO Bank of Georgia 10:15 – 10:45 Macroeconomic outlook for Georgia Giorgi Kadagidze, Governor of the National Bank of Georgia 10:45 – 11:15 Macroeconomic outlook for Azerbaijan Deputy Governor, Central Bank of Azerbaijan 11:15 - 11:30 Coffee break Panel Chairman: Archil Gachechiladze, Deputy CEO Bank of Georgia Panel members: Panel discussion: “From Caspian to Black Sea”: Giorgi Kadagidze, Governor NBG 11:30 – 12:30 Development and Investment opportunities in the Caucasus Ministry of Finance of Georgia region Ministry of Finance of Azerbaijan PASHA Holding Giorgi Bachiashvili, CEO of Georgian Co- Investment Fund 12:30 – 14:00 Lunch 14:00 – 18:00 One-on-one meetings 1 Adjara Bet Potential equity issuer 2 Bank of Georgia Asset Management Investment funds 3 Georgian Co-Investment Fund Multi-billion Georgian equity investment fund 4 Georgian Industrial Group Potential local bond issuer 5 Georgian Leasing company (subsidiary of BoG) Potential local bond issuer 6 Georgian Oil and Gas Corporation Existing bond issuer with US$250 mn outstanding 7 Georgian Railway (GR) US$500 mn Eurobonds issued 8 International Bank of Azerbaijan (IBA) US$500 mn Eurobonds issued 9 Liberty Bank Listed on the Georgian Stock Exchange 10 M2 Real Estate (subsidiary of Bank of Georgia) US$15 mn local bonds issued 11 Ministry of Finance of Azerbaijan (sovereign bond issuer) US$1,200 mn international bonds issued 12 Ministry of Finance of Georgia (sovereign bond issuer) US$500 mn Eurobonds issued 13 Nikora Potential local bond issuer 14 PASHA Bank Potential bond and equity issuer 15 Rustavi Azot Potential equity issuer 16 Silknet Potential bond issuer 17 State Oil Company of Azerbaijan (SOCAR) US$1,500 mn Eurobonds issued 18 TBC Bank Listed on the London Stock Exchange (GDRs) 19 Teliani Valley Listed on the Georgian Stock Exchange 20:00- 23:00 Dinner Please see the company profiles below. -
Thomas De Waal the Caucasus
THE CAUCASUS This page intentionally left blank THE CAUCASUS AN INTRODUCTION Thomas de Waal 1 2010 1 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offi ces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data de Waal, Thomas. The Caucasus : an introduction / Thomas de Waal. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-19-539976-9; 978-0-19-539977-6 (pbk.) 1. Caucasus Region—Politics and government. 2. Caucasus Region—History. 3. Caucasus Region—Relations—Russia. 4. Russia—Relations—Caucasus Region. 5. Caucasus Region—Relations—Soviet Union. 6. Soviet Union—Relations—Caucasus Region. I. Title. DK509.D33 2010 947.5—dc22 2009052376 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper To Zoe This page intentionally left blank Contents Introduction 1 1. -
Georgia RISK & COMPLIANCE REPORT DATE: March 2018
Georgia RISK & COMPLIANCE REPORT DATE: March 2018 KNOWYOURCOUNTRY.COM Executive Summary - Georgia Sanctions: None FAFT list of AML No Deficient Countries US Dept of State Money Laundering Assessment Higher Risk Areas: Not on EU White list equivalent jurisdictions Failed States Index (Political Issues)(Average Score) Non - Compliance with FATF 40 + 9 Recommendations Medium Risk Areas: Corruption Index (Transparency International & W.G.I.) World Governance Indicators (Average Score) Major Investment Areas: Agriculture - products: citrus, grapes, tea, hazelnuts, vegetables; livestock Industries: steel, machine tools, electrical appliances, mining (manganese, copper, and gold), chemicals, wood products, wine Exports - commodities: vehicles, ferro-alloys, fertilizers, nuts, scrap metal, gold, copper ores Exports - partners: Azerbaijan 13.8%, US 8.5%, Germany 8.3%, Bulgaria 7.4%, Kazakhstan 7%, Turkey 6.4%, Ukraine 6.3%, Lebanon 5.7%, Canada 4.2% (2012) Imports - commodities: fuels, vehicles, machinery and parts, grain and other foods, pharmaceuticals Imports - partners: Turkey 13.9%, China 8.2%, Ukraine 8.2%, Russia 7.4%, Azerbaijan 7.1%, US 6%, Germany 5.6%, Bulgaria 4% (2012) 1 Investment Restrictions: Georgia is open to foreign investment, and the Georgia National Investment Agency is implementing an aggressive marketing campaign to encourage more foreign investors to come to Georgia. Exceptions to national treatment may be made by Georgia for investments in maritime fisheries; air and maritime transport and related activities; ownership of broadcast, common carrier, or aeronautical radio stations; communications satellites Foreign individuals and companies are restricted from holding agricultural land in Georgia. However, according to the US Department of State 2012, there is a loophole in which agricultural land can be purchased by non-nationals and then transferred under the name of a Georgian entity; thus, land can be up to 100% foreign-owned. -
Zerohack Zer0pwn Youranonnews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men
Zerohack Zer0Pwn YourAnonNews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men YamaTough Xtreme x-Leader xenu xen0nymous www.oem.com.mx www.nytimes.com/pages/world/asia/index.html www.informador.com.mx www.futuregov.asia www.cronica.com.mx www.asiapacificsecuritymagazine.com Worm Wolfy Withdrawal* WillyFoReal Wikileaks IRC 88.80.16.13/9999 IRC Channel WikiLeaks WiiSpellWhy whitekidney Wells Fargo weed WallRoad w0rmware Vulnerability Vladislav Khorokhorin Visa Inc. Virus Virgin Islands "Viewpointe Archive Services, LLC" Versability Verizon Venezuela Vegas Vatican City USB US Trust US Bankcorp Uruguay Uran0n unusedcrayon United Kingdom UnicormCr3w unfittoprint unelected.org UndisclosedAnon Ukraine UGNazi ua_musti_1905 U.S. Bankcorp TYLER Turkey trosec113 Trojan Horse Trojan Trivette TriCk Tribalzer0 Transnistria transaction Traitor traffic court Tradecraft Trade Secrets "Total System Services, Inc." Topiary Top Secret Tom Stracener TibitXimer Thumb Drive Thomson Reuters TheWikiBoat thepeoplescause the_infecti0n The Unknowns The UnderTaker The Syrian electronic army The Jokerhack Thailand ThaCosmo th3j35t3r testeux1 TEST Telecomix TehWongZ Teddy Bigglesworth TeaMp0isoN TeamHav0k Team Ghost Shell Team Digi7al tdl4 taxes TARP tango down Tampa Tammy Shapiro Taiwan Tabu T0x1c t0wN T.A.R.P. Syrian Electronic Army syndiv Symantec Corporation Switzerland Swingers Club SWIFT Sweden Swan SwaggSec Swagg Security "SunGard Data Systems, Inc." Stuxnet Stringer Streamroller Stole* Sterlok SteelAnne st0rm SQLi Spyware Spying Spydevilz Spy Camera Sposed Spook Spoofing Splendide -
Saint Grigol Peradze Grigol Peradze 900Th Anniversary 900Th
იიივანეივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახსახსახელობისსახ ელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტი ისტორიისა დადადა ეთნოლოგიის ინსტიტუტი IIIvaneIvane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Institute ofofof History andandand Ethnology ვარშავის უნივერსიტეტი აღმოსავლეთ ევროპისმცოდნეობის ცენტრი University of Warsaw Centre for East European Studies საქართველოს მეცნიერებათა ეროვნული აკადემია Georgian National Academy of Sciences წმიდა მღვდელმოწამე გრიგოლ ფერაძის საზოგადოება Society ofofof Saint Archimandrite Grigol Peradze SSSaintSaint Grigol Peradze 2nd International Scientific Conference Dedicated to the 900th Anniversary of the Battle of Didgori Tbilisi, Georgia September 20 – 21, 2021 First Circular Grigol Peradze is a great Georgian scholar canonized by the Georgian Orthodox Chur ch as a saint martyr . Still very young, he was forced to leave Georgia (to avoid the Bolshevik regime) and found refuge in Europe. While abroad, Grigol Peradze began an active scientific research, he searched everywhere and collected Georgian manuscripts a nd studied them. After a divine vision, he gave up secular life and became a monk. Unfortunately, the totalitarian regime did not allow him to live in peace even in Europe. When Nazi Germany occupied Poland, he was there. Grigol Peradze as a foreigner coul d leave the country, but he did not. He did not cooperate with the Nazis and tried to protect Jews from Nazi repressions. Therefore, he was soon confined in a concentration camp and ended his life in a gas chamber. According to the statement, St. Grigol Pe radze entered the cell instead of one Jew who had many children in order to save human life and not to bow to evil. In 2019 the Georgian society celebrated the 120th anniversary of this great Georgian figure. -
Capital Market Trends in Georgia
Georgian Capital Market Development, Concepts and Opportunities CENTRAL BANK OF ARMENIA February 7, 2014 Page 1 About BG Capital JSC BG Capital - leader investment bank operating on the Georgian market since 2000 year, has been a member 2010 - The best Frontier of the Bank of Georgia Group since 2005. Market Investment Bank in Central & Eastern Europe BG Capital’s key services include: 2006 & 2007 - The best • Brokerage services in the securities sales & trading process brokerage Company in Georgia • Asset management and nominal ownership • IPOs and Private Placements • Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A) Global Access to Securities • Market analysis, business valuation ICSD (Through BOG Custody) BG Capital’s access to the major stock exchanges, international brokers, and custodians allows us to provide: • Favorable prices on all securities to our clients • Expanding access to international markets • High professional standards and principles Through Trading Lines • Corporate Market-making www.bankofgeorgia.ge/ir BG Capital also has an extensive experience in participating in debt securities primary and secondary market placements and transactions. February 7, 2014 Page 2 About Georgian Stock Exchange As of December 31, 20143 129 companies were admitted on GSE (3 of which V GSE ys are on A and B listing at GSE). In 2013 OTC trades of 38 securities were fixed 0.9% 0.2% 2.5% at GSE, total volume amounted USD 30mn. In the GSE system only 5 securities were traded during 2013 - total trade volume USD 305K. 53.7% - Bank of Georgia Number Trade -
Volunteering in Georgia a Handbook
Volunteering in Georgia A Handbook © Copyright Academy for Peace and Development, 2008. Disclaimer The use of this handbook in part or whole is permissible providing the integrity of the manual remains intact and an appropriate quotation and referencing system are used. Printed by The NewsPaper ‘‘Sakartvelos Matsne’’ Ltd. Tbilisi, Georgia. Cover: Graffiti, Tbilisi. ISBN 978 9941 0 0725 5 Volunteering in Georgia A Handbook 006 Preface Dear volunteers going to Georgia, Your upcoming experience of the European Voluntary Service (EVS) is certainly going to be one of the most adventurous and personality-enriching periods in your life. Not only because you are going to the Southern Caucasus, far away from your home country and culture, but also because you will support the local com- munity where you are going with your work, because you will help other people from your heart! By being an international volunteer you will definitely learn a lot and experience both the bright and dark sides of the local culture you are moving to. Neverthe- less your work will also be directed towards people there. You will need a lot of responsibility and surely will face great moments of success shared with others. Being a member of the large family of EVS volunteers makes you an actor of positive change in Europe and beyond. Assume this fully and enjoy a mindful of heartfelt emotions! The Handbook you are just about to read will be very helpful with your pre- paration for and awareness of many obstacles that you will meet along the way. The Handbook might also help you a lot to identify your own objectives for your upcoming EVS project. -
Doing Business and Investing in Georgia
www.pwc.com/ge DOING BUSINESS AND INVESTING IN GEORGIA 2020 Edition A guide covering everything you need to know about doing business in Georgia – from corporate and labour law to finance, regulatory matters and tax. Guide to Doing Business and Investing in Georgia 2020 Edition Doing Business and Investing in Georgia By PricewaterhouseCoopers Georgia LLC This guide has been prepared for the assistance of those interested in doing business in Georgia. It does not cover exhaustively the subjects it treats, but is intended to answer some of the important, broad questions that may arise. When specific problems occur in practice, it will often be necessary to refer to the laws, regulations and legal decisions of the country and to obtain appropriate professional advice. Whilst we have made every attempt to ensure the information contained in this guide is accurate, neither PwC nor the author can accept any responsibility for errors or omissions in the factual content. The material contained in this guide reflects the position as of December 2019. Doing Business and Investing in Georgia 1 2020 Edition Content Office location in Georgia ....................... 4 7 Tax System and Administration ...... 32 1 Georgia Profile ................................... 7 7.1 Tax system ............................................... 32 1.1 Introduction .............................................. 7 7.2 Direct and indirect tax burden ............... 32 1.2 Government structure............................... 7 7.3 Principal taxes ......................................... 32 1.3 Legal system .............................................. 7 7.4 Legislative framework ............................. 32 1.4 People ........................................................ 8 7.5 Tax treaties .............................................. 33 1.5 Economy .................................................... 8 7.6 Administration of the tax system ........... 33 1.6 Foreign trade ............................................ 11 7.7 Registration requirements .....................