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Renewable Diesel from Algal Lipids

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Renewable Diesel from Algal Lipids Renewable Diesel from Algal Lipids: An Integrated Baseline for Cost, Emissions, and Resource Potential from a Harmonized Model Coordinating Authors: Ryan Davis,3 Daniel Fishman,2 Edward D. Frank,1 Mark S. Wigmosta4 Contributing Authors: Andy Aden,3 Andre M. Coleman,4 Philip T. Pienkos,3 4 4 1 Richard J. Skaggs, Erik R. Venteris, Michael Q. Wang 1 Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 2 BCS, Incorporated, Laurel, Maryland 3 National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 4 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington Argonne is a U.S. Department of Energy laboratory managed by UChicago Argonne, LLC under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, under contract DE-AC36-08GO28308. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. Technical Report ANL/ESD/12-4 NREL/TP-5100-55431 PNNL-21437 June 2012 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Biomass Program Recommended Citation: ANL; NREL; PNNL. (June 2012). Renewable Diesel from Algal Lipids: An Integrated Baseline for Cost, Emissions, and Resource Potential from a Harmonized Model. ANL/ESD/12-4; NREL/TP-5100-55431; PNNL-21437. Argonne, IL: Argonne National Laboratory; Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, nor UChicago Argonne, LLC, nor Battelle Memorial Institute, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof, or UChicago Argonne, LLC, or the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, or Battelle Memorial Institute. Available electronically at http://www.osti.gov/bridge Available for a processing fee to U.S. Department of Energy and its contractors, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062 phone: 865.576.8401 fax: 865.576.5728 email: mailto:[email protected] Available for sale to the public, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 phone: 800.553.6847 fax: 703.605.6900 email: [email protected] online ordering: http://www.ntis.gov/help/ordermethods.aspx Printed on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 10% post consumer waste. Table of Contents List of Figures .......................................................................................................................... 4 List of Tables............................................................................................................................ 6 List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................ 7 Abstract ................................................................................................................................... 9 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 10 1.1 Algal Biofuels Technology Development ............................................................................ 10 1.2 Integrated Baseline vs. State of Technology and Design Case ............................................. 11 1.3 Objective ........................................................................................................................... 12 1.4 Harmonization Initiative and Workshop ............................................................................ 12 2 Methods ........................................................................................................................ 14 2.1 Synopsis of Previous Modeling .......................................................................................... 14 2.2 External Harmonization Inputs .......................................................................................... 15 2.3 Baseline Harmonized Model .............................................................................................. 18 3 Results ........................................................................................................................... 25 3.1 Effect of TEA and LCA Process Harmonization .................................................................... 25 3.2 Definition of the 5 BGY Resource Assessment Scenario ...................................................... 29 3.3 Application of the 5 BGY Scenario ...................................................................................... 32 3.3.1 RA Results .............................................................................................................................. 32 3.3.2 LCA Results ............................................................................................................................ 36 3.3.3 TEA Results ............................................................................................................................ 41 4 Discussion ...................................................................................................................... 48 4.1 Alternative Scenarios ......................................................................................................... 52 4.2 Applying the Baseline ........................................................................................................ 60 4.2.1 TEA ........................................................................................................................................ 60 4.2.2 LCA ......................................................................................................................................... 61 5 Conclusions and Research Opportunities ....................................................................... 63 Appendix A: Workshop Participants ...................................................................................... 66 Appendix B: Earlier Studies .................................................................................................... 67 B.1 Resource Assessment ........................................................................................................ 67 B.2 TEA .................................................................................................................................... 71 B.3 LCA .................................................................................................................................... 76 Appendix C: TEA Cost Details for Harmonized Model (5BGY, year-average case) ................... 80 References............................................................................................................................. 82 Page 3 of 85 List of Figures Figure 2.1a: Schematic of baseline process used in FY 2011 TEA analysis. ............................................. 15 Figure 3.1a: Effect of harmonization on LCA results. ................................................................................ 25 Figure 3.1b: Effect of harmonization on TEA results. ................................................................................ 27 Figure 3.1c: Effect of lipid fraction and productivity on GHG emissions. ................................................. 28 Figure 3.1d: Effect of lipid fraction and productivity on diesel selling price ............................................. 28 Figure 3.2a: Original RA modeling output: mean annual biofuel production (L/ha-year) under current technology plotted at the centroid of each pond facility ................................................................. 29 Figure 3.2b: Determination of sufficient freshwater availability through comparison of unit farm consumptive water demand with available mean annual freshwater water supply (plotted at the centroid of each pond facility). ................................................................................................................... 30 Figure 3.3.1a: Map showing the annual flow through each 6 digit HUC watershed, the water consumption rate for sites with freshwater supply, and the location of farm sites that cannot be supplied with freshwater under the existing constraints ............................................................................. 33 Figure 3.3.1b: Map showing the annual production per 10 unit farms in gallons per year......................... 34 Figure 3.3.1c: Cumulative site prioritization in 10% intervals based on production, lipid transport, and freshwater pumping cost. ....................................................................................................................
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