Amostragem E Detecção De Vírus Em Espécies De Bromeliaceae E De Orchidaceae

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Amostragem E Detecção De Vírus Em Espécies De Bromeliaceae E De Orchidaceae AMOSTRAGEM E DETECÇÃO DE VÍRUS EM ESPÉCIES DE BROMELIACEAE E DE ORCHIDACEAE GÉSSICA MYLENA SANTANA RÊGO UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO NORTE FLUMINENSE DARCY RIBEIRO – UENF CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES – RJ MARÇO – 2017 AMOSTRAGEM E DETECÇÃO DE VÍRUS EM ESPÉCIES DE BROMELIACEAE E DE ORCHIDACEAE GÉSSICA MYLENA SANTANA RÊGO Dissertação apresentada ao Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, como parte das exigências para obtenção do título de Mestre em Produção Vegetal. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Paulo Sérgio Torres Brioso. CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES – RJ MARÇO – 2017 AMOSTRAGEM E DETECÇÃO DE VÍRUS EM ESPÉCIES DE BROMELIACEAE E DE ORCHIDACEAE GÉSSICA MYLENA SANTANA RÊGO Dissertação apresentada ao Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, como parte das exigências para obtenção do título de Mestre em Produção Vegetal. Aprovada em de de 2017 Comissão Examinadora: _______________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Ricardo Moreira de Souza (Ph. D., Plant Pathology) - UENF _______________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Cláudia de Melo Dolinski – (Ph. D., Plant Pathology) – UENF _______________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Vicente Martins Gomes (D. Sc. Produção Vegetal) - IFF _______________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Paulo Sérgio Torres Brioso (D. Sc., Genética) - UFRRJ Orientador Dedico Aos meus pais, Jailton e Fátima por todo o apoio e incentivo ao longo da minha formação ii AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus, pela Sua presença e o Seu cuidado. À Universidade Estadual Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), pela oportunidade de cursar o mestrado. Aos professores do Programa de Pós Graduação em Produção Vegetal, pelos ensinamentos através das disciplinas. Ao meu orientador, Prof. Dr. Paulo Sérgio Torres Brioso, pela oportunidade e pela confiança. Gratidão pela amizade, aprendizado diário e bom convívio, que fizeram toda a diferença na execução deste trabalho. Ao Prof. Dr. Ricardo Moreira de Souza, pelo apoio e colaboração na concretização do trabalho no projeto do Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba. Aos membros da banca, pelas considerações pertinentes para a melhoria do trabalho. Aos colegas do Laboratório Oficial de Diagnóstico Fitossanitário (L.O.D.F.) da UFRRJ, por me acolherem durante as análises das amostras do experimento. iii À minha família, especialmente, aos meus pais, por sempre terem me instruído a alçar voos maiores e investido na minha formação, e ao meu irmão Breno E. S. Rêgo, por sempre se fazer presente na minha vida. Ao meu querido Edson Mazarotto, pelo carinho, motivação, paciência em todos os momentos e, principalmente, por me fortalecer a sempre continuar. Aos colegas da UENF: Alexandre M. Almeida, Gustavo Andrade, Fabíola Pimentel, Tamires dos Santos, Emile Caroline Lopes e Katherine Ruas que tornaram a caminhada muito mais leve. Às amigas do alojamento do F1 da UFRRJ, especialmente, Suenia Campos, Sara Kurokawa, Rafaela Martins e Thaís Lanode pelas boas risadas e conversas nos momentos de maior ansiedade. À CAPES, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, pela concessão de bolsa de estudos. iv SUMÁRIO RESUMO .............................................................................................................. vii 1. INTRODUÇÃO .................................................................................................... 1 2. REVISÃO DE LITERATURA ............................................................................... 4 2.1 Família Bromeliaceae ................................................................................. 4 2.1.1 Bromélias em Restinga ............................................................................ 7 2.1. 2 Importância econômica das bromélias ................................................... 9 2.1.3 Vírus de Bromélias .................................................................................. 9 2.2 Família Orchidaceae ................................................................................. 11 2.2.1 Importância econômica das orquídeas .................................................. 12 2.2.2 Vírus de orquídeas ................................................................................ 12 2.3 Diagnóstico de vírus de plantas ................................................................... 13 2.3.1 Teste Biológico ...................................................................................... 13 2.3.2 Teste Imunocromatográfico ................................................................... 13 2.3.3 Teste de PCR e RT-PCR ....................................................................... 14 3. TRABALHOS .................................................................................................... 15 3.1 Amostragem e detecção de vírus em espécies de Bromeliaceae de restinga no Estado do Rio de Janeiro .............................................................................. 15 v RESUMO ........................................................................................................ 15 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... 16 3.1.1 INTRODUÇÃO....................................................................................... 16 3.1.2 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS ...................................................................... 18 3.1.3 RESULTADOS ...................................................................................... 21 3.1.4 DISCUSSÃO ......................................................................................... 24 3. 2 Levantamento e detecção de vírus em espécies de Orchidaceae nacionais e importadas ...................................................................................................... 30 RESUMO ........................................................................................................ 30 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... 30 3. 2.1. INTRODUÇÃO..................................................................................... 31 3.2. 2. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS .................................................................... 33 3.2.3. RESULTADOS ..................................................................................... 34 3.2.4. DISCUSSÃO ........................................................................................ 39 3.2.5. CONCLUSÃO ....................................................................................... 40 3.2.6 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ...................................................... 40 4. CONCLUSÃO GERAL ...................................................................................... 43 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ...................................................................... 44 5. ANEXOS ........................................................................................................... 58 5.1 Protótipo de Kit diagnóstico de vírus em espécies de Bromeliaceae ........... 58 Kit BromeDNAVirus ........................................................................................... 65 5.2 Protótipo de Kit diagnóstico de vírus em espécies de Bromeliaceae ........... 66 KIT BromeRNAVirus .......................................................................................... 66 5.3 Protótipo de Kit diagnóstico de vírus quarentenários para o Brasil em orquídeas importadas ........................................................................................ 75 KIT OrqQuarVirus .............................................................................................. 75 5.4 Protótipo de Kit diagnóstico de vírus em orquídeas para o Brasil ................ 83 KIT OrqVirus ...................................................................................................... 83 vi RESUMO Rêgo, Géssica Mylena Santana M. Sc., Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro. Março de 2017. Amostragem e detecção de vírus em espécies de Bromeliaceae e de Orchidaceae. Orientador: Prof. Paulo Sérgio Torres Brioso. A família Bromeliaceae é um dos grupos taxonômicos mais importantes da Mata Atlântica e a família Orchidaceae é representada por plantas de origem nacional e importada que impulsionam o agronegócio. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos o levantamento e a detecção de vírus em representantes das famílias Bromeliaceae e Orchidaceae através de testes biológico, imunocromatográfico e molecular. Além disso, visou a produção de fragmentos genômicos amplificados dos vírus identificados e preparação de quatro protótipos de kit diagnóstico molecular, a fim de facilitar a detecção desses vírus em outros levantamentos. A metodologia consistiu inicialmente na coleta de bromélias na restinga, de abacaxizeiro comercial e de orquídeas importadas e nacionais. Foram detectados nas amostras coletadas de Bromeliaceae, o Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus 1 em Aechmea nudicaulis e em Bromelia antiacantha; em Ananas comosus, o Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus 1 e o Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus 3, indica que as bromélias nativas vii podem servir de fonte de inóculo alternativo para o inseto vetor, além das mudas de abacaxizeiro com infecção viral. Já, nos representantes de Orchidaceae nacionais analisadas pôde-se detectar o Cymbidium mosaic virus, o Odontoglossum ringspot virus, o Orchid
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