DOCSLIB.ORG

The Red Cross and the Holocaust Jean-Claude Favez Index More Information

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Red Cross and the Holocaust Jean-Claude Favez Index More Information Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-41587-3 - The Red Cross and the Holocaust Jean-Claude Favez Index More information Index `administrative prisoners' 69 Austrian Red Cross 17 and the effects of the Liberation 252 aerial bombardment, ICRC draft appeals Bachmann, Hans 47, 52, 66, 95, 154, 228, against 85, 87 263, 270 Agency for Miscellaneous Civilian Balfour, Arthur 5 Internees 30±1 Bank of International Settlements 93 aid and assistance (ICRC during World Banyai, Mihaly 236 War II) 91±104 Barbey, FreÂdeÂric 36, 61, 62, 137, 151 to the Jews 71±2, 78, 92, 98, 99±104 Bartov, Omar ix see also Parcels Scheme Bavier, Jean de 110, 234±5, 236, 243, 248 Albrecht, Eric 254 Becher, Kurt 247 Allies, Allied countries Belgian Red Cross 158 aid to populations of occupied Europe 80 and the Liberation 252±3 appeal (17 December 1942) 88 Belgium 155±9 declaration on Jewish massacres (1942) civilian internees 256, 261 66 and the effects of the Liberation 252±3 Altenburg, Ambassador 169 hostages/political prisoners from 156±7 American Jewish Congress 79 ICRC aid and assistance to civilian American Jewish Joint Distribution population 93 Committee 32, 34, 95, 98, 103, 104, ICRC Berlin delegation 27 105, 277 Jews deported from 157±8 and Hungarian Jews 250 Benuzzi, Valerio 225±6 and Polish prisoners 138 Benvenisti, Misu 207 American Polish Relief Committee 142 Berber, Fritz 243, 256, 262, 263, 266 American Red Cross Society 20, 98 Beretta, Dr Bruno 219, 220, 221±3, 224 Amman, Jean d' 167, 170 Bergen-Belsen (concentration camp) 119, Antonescu, Marshal Ion 72, 206±7, 208 120, 254, 255 Antonescu, MihaõÈ 72, 110, 203, 204±5, and Hungarian Jews 245, 246±7 206, 207, 208, 210, 212, 214 liberation of 269, 270 Arlberg meeting (12 March 1945) 262±6 Berlin delegation (of the ICRC) 27, 75 Arolsen, International Search Service at Berlin Wall, fall of the (1989) xi 272 Bernadotte, Folke 238, 262, 265, 278 Artukovic, Andrija 180 Birkenau (concentration camp) 74 Auschwitz 5 Blasys, Biaggi de 227 and antisemitism 13 Boegner, Pasteur 153 evacuation of 269 Boehringer, Robert 28, 94, 95, 178 and Hungarian Jews 236, 237 Boesch, Emil 269 and the ICRC 27, 28, 36, 74 Boetto, Mgr., Cardinal Archbishop of knowledge of exterminations at 44 Genoa 226 parcels sent to 97, 99 Bohemia-Moravia Rossel's information on 42±3, 44 evacuation of Jews from 32 Austrian Nazis in concentration camps, and the ICRC 27±8 ICRC visits to 17±19 Boissier commission 277 342 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-41587-3 - The Red Cross and the Holocaust Jean-Claude Favez Index More information Index 343 Boissier, Edmond 88 and the ICRC Bon, Hans 8, 225, 226±8, 262 Coordinating Committee 48 Bonna, Pierre 26, 86 presidency 51 Bordier, Mlle 48, 88, 94 standing at the end of the war 90 Boris, King of Bulgaria 72 and the Jews 78, 79, 101±2, 103, 277 Born, FreÂdeÂric 52, 115, 192, 236, 237, emigration 114, 118±19 238, 240, 241±2, 243, 248, 249, 250, in France 148, 150, 154 281 Greek 170 Bosshammer, Fritz 221±2, 223, 227 Hungarian 243, 249 Brazil, Germans in 163 interview with regarding Jewish Brenni, Franco 225 persecutions 293±4 Briquet, Jean 269 Italian 225 Britain Polish 35, 144, 145, 149±1 and civilian internees exchanges 116 prisoners of war 61, 122±3 and ICRC aid to Greece 166 status of 129, 259 and Jewish emigration to Palestine Transnistrian deportees 202 108±9, 110±11, 114, 115, 243, 244 and the Joint Aid Commission 50 and Norwegian civilian internees 171 and the Joint Aid Committee 94 British Jews, and protection passports 120 mission to Berlin (1940) 55 British Red Cross, and information about and Norwegian civilian internees 171 the Jews 35, 39, 280 and Polish prisoners of war 135 Browning, Christopher 23 and political prisoners in Greece 167 Bruggmann, Karl 127 and RavensbruÈck 256 Brunel, Robert 137, 198 role in the ICRC 52 Brunner, AloõÈs 189 and Switzerland 278±9 Buchenwald (concentration camp) 20, 75, visits to Germany 29 76 Burckhardt, Nicolas 171 Dutch internees 159±61 Burckhardt, Roger 72 food parcels sent to 94, 97, 99 Burkhardt, Dr Rene 168±9, 216 Norwegian internees 174 Bulgaria 8, 215±18, 254 Cassulo, Mgr. 202 ICRC aid to 218 Central Agency for Prisoners of War 27, ICRC mission to (1943) 72, 109, 31, 48, 49, 54, 57 215±16 Capuisat, Edouard 27, 42, 71, 72, 88, 109 and Jewish emigration 216±18 biographical notes on 287 Bulgarian Red Cross 216, 218 in Bulgaria 72, 215±16, 218 Burckhardt, Carl J. 6, 9, 18, 21, 24, 25, 27, and Croatian Jews 180 28, 29 and emigration of Jews from Bulgaria 217 aid scheme 93 and Hungarian Jews 72, 234 and awareness of the Final Solution 38, and Slovakian Jews 186 39±40, 41, 43, 45 and Transnistrian deportees 202±3, 205 biographical notes on 284±5 Charles, Prince of Sweden 58 and conditions in concentration camps ChenevieÁre, Jacques 47, 50, 51, 61, 64, 70, 275 75 and the Cracow professors 137 biographical notes on 286 and Croatia 178 and Croatia 178 and the delegation in Berlin 260 and the DAS (Special Aid Division) 95 and draft appeals on human rights and draft appeals on human rights violations 86, 89 violations 86, 89 and Dutch hostages 162±3 on the ICRC's lack of public protest 91 and French and Belgian deportees 257 and the Jews and the German authorities 56, 57, 67, emigration 106 262 in France 150, 153 meeting with Kaltenbrunner 263±6, in Hungary 248 280 in Romania 198±200 and the `handcuffs' crisis 66, 89 and Norwegian civilian internees 171 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-41587-3 - The Red Cross and the Holocaust Jean-Claude Favez Index More information 344 Index Churches' Ecumenical Council 24, 25, 35, in Slovakia 186, 188±9 79, 259 see also individual camps; Parcels Scheme and Hungarian Jews 240 Conventions and Polish Jews 144 and the concentration camp population Refugees Aid Agency 41 53±4 Churchill, Winston 79 German occupation and the ICRC 56 civilian internees 14 and the neutrality of the Red Cross 1±2, as `administrative prisoners' 69 4 and Burckhardt's meeting with see also Geneva Conventions (1864 and Kaltenbrunner 263±6 1929) and the CID (Miscellaneous Civilian Coordinating Committee (ICRC) 47, 57, Internees) 49, 76 59, 67 and the CPI (Civilian Prisoners and and aid to deportees 68, 71, 144 Internees Commission) 20, 28, 63±4, and Croatia 176 65 and Hungarian Jews 234 from the Dutch East Indies 55±6 and Jewish emigration 106 German±Palestinian exchanges 116±17 and Norwegian civilian internees 171 and the ICRC and Slovakia 185 aid to 48, 92, 93 Costinescu, Jean 210 appeal on behalf of 90 CPI (Civilian Prisoners and Internees policy towards 30, 53, 82±3, 276 Commission) 28, 63±4, 65, 67 visits to camps of 4, 27, 29 Cracow professors 136±7, 141 Jewish 126±30 Cramer, Dr Alec 37, 61, 64, 88 in France 146±9 and civilian internees in France 146, and the Liberation 251, 253, 256, 259 147, 149, 150, 153 see also individual countries Croatia 175±83 civilian populations ICRC mission to (1943) 72 effect of the war on 61 Jews 176, 179±83 in Greece 165±6 prisoners of war 175 in Poland 54±5 Croatian Red Cross 175, 176, 179, 180, ICRC aid and assistance to 93 183 in Hungary 249±50 Currie, Laughlin 262 in Poland 141±4 Cuza, Alexandru 206±7 ICRC appeals for protection for 85, 87, Czerniakow, Adam 139 89, 90, 91 Clemens, Captain Wilhelm 144 Dachau (concentration camp) Cocatrix, Albert de 269, 270 food parcels sent to 94, 97, 99 communication channels, and the ICRC ICRC parcels to 76 24±8 ICRC visits to 18, 19, 75 Community Aid Service for Emigrants in liberation of 269, 271 France 28 and Polish political prisoners 137 concentration camps 252, 259 DaõÈnow, Flora 117 and allied strategic bombing 1 Danish Jews 74, 278 Croatia 181, 182 Danish Red Cross Society 74 and the DRK (German Red Cross) DAS see Special Aid Division (DAS) 56±7, 274±5 DelbruÈgge, Hans 255 and Dutch prisoners 164, 165 delegations of the ICRC 27±8, 29 and the ICRC attempts to visit concentration camps aid and assistance 68±72, 92 74±5 lack of public protest 91 Berlin 27, 75 visits to 4, 5±6, 16±19, 29, 31, 42±4, discretion enjoyed by delegates 52 73±4 and information about the Jews 34, and international Conventions 53±4 42±4 liberation of 267±72 and Jewish civilian internees 126 in Norway 172±4 and Jewish emigration 115 in Salonika 168±9 role played by delegates 281 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-41587-3 - The Red Cross and the Holocaust Jean-Claude Favez Index More information Index 345 Descoeudres, Pierre 33±4, 52 Federal Council for International visit to Buchenwald 159 Assistance and Cooperation 15 Dieppe Raid `handcuffs crisis' 7, 66, 89, FerrieÁre, Dr Louis 17±18 277 and Jews deported from Belgium 158 Dobrazensky, Countess Mary 58, 233±4 FerrieÁre, Suzanne 18, 19, 24, 29, 35, 39, Dollfuss, Englebert 17 40, 48, 50, 57, 64, 79, 101 Draudt, Paul 17, 18 and appeals against violations of human DRK see German Red Cross Society rights 88 (DRK) biographical notes on 286±7 Dronsart, Edmond 158 and the DRK 57, 58, 59 Duchosal, Jean 47 and the German±Palestinian exchange Dunand, Georges 184, 187±8, 188, 117 189±91, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196±7, and Hungarian Jews 243, 248 250 and the ICRC's aid operation 68 Dunand, Paul 267, 268 and Italian Jews 225, 227 Dunant, Henri 273 and Jewish emigration 107, 108, 115 Durand, Andre 53±4, 271 and Slovakia 186 Dutch prisoners, food parcels sent to 94 Field, Noel H.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • German Prisoners of War and Canadian Internment Operations in Mimico, Ontario, 1940-1944 Kirk W
    Document généré le 29 sept. 2021 07:19 Ontario History Number 22 Internment Camp German Prisoners of War and Canadian Internment Operations in Mimico, Ontario, 1940-1944 Kirk W. Goodlet Volume 104, numéro 2, fall 2012 Résumé de l'article Cet article examine les opérations d’internement au Camp M à Mimico, URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1065439ar Ontario, de 1940 à 1944. Basé sur des documents d’archives, il éclaire l’histoire DOI : https://doi.org/10.7202/1065439ar d’un des très rares camps construits près d’une grande ville canadienne pendant la seconde guerre mondiale, un camp qui, encore aujourd’hui, est Aller au sommaire du numéro inconnu de la majorité des Canadiens. Depuis son ouverture, une série de problèmes administratifs, structurels, et personnels ont gêné ses opérations, et ces problèmes, ainsi qu’une très sérieuse déficience d’infrastructure, ont mené Éditeur(s) à la fermeture anticipée du camp en juillet 1944. Aujourd’hui les gouvernements provincial et fédéral sont en train de construire une immense The Ontario Historical Society « superprison » pouvant abriter 1,650 personnes sur le lieu où plus de 500 prisonniers de guerre allemands ont été enfermés jadis. Cet article pourrait ISSN donc contribuer à la discussion sur l’utilité, passée et actuelle, du site. 0030-2953 (imprimé) 2371-4654 (numérique) Découvrir la revue Citer cet article Goodlet, K. W. (2012). Number 22 Internment Camp: German Prisoners of War and Canadian Internment Operations in Mimico, Ontario, 1940-1944. Ontario History, 104(2), 90–115. https://doi.org/10.7202/1065439ar Copyright © The Ontario Historical Society, 2012 Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d’auteur.
    [Show full text]
  • The HARIKARI Club: German Prisoners of War and the Mass Escape Scare of 1944-45 at Internment Camp Grande Ligne, Quebec
    Canadian Military History Volume 13 Issue 3 Article 5 2004 The HARIKARI Club: German Prisoners of War and the Mass Escape Scare of 1944-45 at Internment Camp Grande Ligne, Quebec Martin Auger Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/cmh Part of the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Martin Auger "The HARIKARI Club: German Prisoners of War and the Mass Escape Scare of 1944-45 at Internment Camp Grande Ligne, Quebec." Canadian Military History 13, 3 (2004) This Canadian War Museum is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Canadian Military History by an authorized editor of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. : The HARIKARI Club: German Prisoners of War and the Mass Escape Scare The HARIKARI Club German Prisoners of War and the Mass Escape Scare of 1944-45 at Internment Camp Grande Ligne, Quebec Martin F. Auger t approximately 0200 hours on and that the objective of the prisoners ASaturday, 5 August 1944, a strange was to overthrow the camp and commit bugle sound resounded in one of the mass suicide.1 compounds of prisoners of war (POW) Camp No.12 in Cowra, Australia. Almost German POWs planned a similar mass immediately, more than 900 Japanese escape in Canada. This little-known prisoners of war rushed from their incident is almost completely ignored living quarters, which they had set on in the historiography. In early October fire, and ran for the barbed wire fences. 1944, Canadian intelligence officers at Most of them were armed with an assortment POW Camp No.44 Grande Ligne, in southern of hand-made weapons, which ranged from Quebec, learned that a secret organization known improvised bats and clubs studded with nails as the HARIKARI Club had been created by some to crude swords fashioned from dismantled of the camp’s more ardent Nazi sympathizers.
    [Show full text]
  • Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949
    THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS OF 12 AUGUST 1949 AUGUST 12 OF CONVENTIONS THE GENEVA THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS OF 12 AUGUST 1949 0173/002 05.2010 10,000 ICRC Mission The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is an impartial, neutral and independent organization whose exclusively humanitarian mission is to protect the lives and dignity of victims of armed conflict and other situations of violence and to provide them with assistance. The ICRC also endeavours to prevent suffering by promoting and strengthening humanitarian law and universal humanitarian principles. Established in 1863, the ICRC is at the origin of the Geneva Conventions and the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. It directs and coordinates the international activities conducted by the Movement in armed conflicts and other situations of violence. THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS OF 12 AUGUST 1949 THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS OF 1949 1 Contents Preliminary remarks .......................................................................................................... 19 GENEVA CONVENTION FOR THE AMELIORATION OF THE CONDITION OF THE WOUNDED AND SICK IN ARMED FORCES IN THE FIELD OF 12 AUGUST 1949 CHAPTER I General Provisions ....................................................................................................... 35 Article 1 Respect for the Convention ..................................................................... 35 Article 2 Application of the Convention ................................................................ 35 Article 3 Conflicts not of an international
    [Show full text]
  • A GERMAN PRISONER of WAR CAMP in a CANADIAN PRAIRIE COMMUNITY DURING WORLD WAR TWO a Thesis Submitted to the Faculty
    i CAMP 132: A GERMAN PRISONER OF WAR CAMP IN A CANADIAN PRAIRIE COMMUNITY DURING WORLD WAR TWO A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for a Masters Degree in the Department of History University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon. by Robin Warren Stotz The author claims copyright. Use shall not be made of the material contained herein without proper acknowledgement, as indicated on the following page. I f ii In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work or, in their absence, by the h~ad of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Requests for permission to copy or to make other use of material in this thesis in whole or in part should be addressed to: Head of the Department of History University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N OWO ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii In writing any piece of work one becomes reliant on so many people.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Introduction Captivity is as old as war itself. It has existed Even legitimate POWs have sometimes for centuries and has profoundly affected found their status called into question. The the lives of millions of people, including Allied powers in World War II created other some of the most influential figures in histo- categories to cope with the massive numbers ry. Politicians such as Winston Churchill and of enemy soldiers captured. Some of them Charles de Gaulle, and writers such as were classed as Disarmed Enemy Forces Miguel de Cervantes and P. G. Wodehouse (DEF) or Surrendered Enemy Personnel have all endured imprisonment in wartime. (SEP), artificial distinctions that relieved the It might even be argued that captivity, which Allies of according them all the rights of offi- historically has affected entire populations, cial POWs. By the same token, Italian sol- has been more universal than combat, which diers captured by the Allies were often clas- usually involves only the warriors of any sified not as POWs but as military internees, society. W. Wynne Mason, a historian of another dubious distinction that owed more New Zealand POWs, has estimated that one to the demands of the moment than any- person in every thousand was interned at thing else. Finally, war captivity has also some point during World War II. Even involved civilians who have been interned in that global conflict, armed combat for a variety of reasons. While they are not occurred in only a few regions. Internment, prisoners of war in the strictest sense, they on the other hand, occurred in all nations, have certainly been prisoners in wartime.
    [Show full text]
  • Captured: the Internment of American Civilians in the Philippines, 1941-1945'
    H-US-Japan Kolb on Cogan, 'Captured: The Internment of American Civilians in the Philippines, 1941-1945' Review published on Sunday, July 1, 2001 Frances B. Cogan. Captured: The Internment of American Civilians in the Philippines, 1941-1945. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2000. xi + 357 pp. $39.95 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-8203-2117-2. Reviewed by Charles C. Kolb (National Endowment for the Humanities) Published on H-US-Japan (July, 2001) American Civilian POWs in the Philippines during World War Two [Disclaimer: The opinions expressed herein are those of the reviewer and not of his employer or any other federal agency.] American Civilian POWs in the Philippines during World War Two At the beginning of hostilities in the Pacific Theater during World War II, the Japanese Army initially captured more than 140,000 Allied military prisoners--British, Australians, New Zealanders, Dutch, and Americans. The story of the treatment of POWs at the hands of the Japanese has been told in many accounts, for example by Gavan Daws in Prisoners of the Japanese.[1] More recently, Theresa Kaminski, associate professor history at the University of Wisconsin at Stevens Point, has examined accounts of women from all backgrounds--missionaries, teachers, civilians, and military nurses-- interned during World War II as well as those who chose to stay out of the camps and go underground, often to join guerilla forces fighting the Japanese. Kaminski's very valuable account of shifting gender roles during wartime is presented in her bookPrisoners in Paradise: American Women in the Wartime South Pacific.[2] The volume herein reviewed documents a lesser known but nonetheless compelling story of American civilians who were captured and imprisoned by the Japanese in the Philippines.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Identifying and Collecting Primary Sources of Information in The
    Title Identifying and collecting primary sources of information in the archives and libraries in England, New Zealand, United States and Singapore to reconstruct the details of daily lives of the civilian internees at the Changi Prison and Sime Road Camp during the Japanese occupation of Singapore, 1942-1945: Issues and challenges Author(s) Peng Han Lim Source SEALG Annual Meeting at the 7th EuroSEAS Conference, Lisbon, Portugal, 4 July 2013 Organised by Southeast Asia Library Group (SEALG) and European Association for Southeast Asian Studies (EuroSEAS) This document may be used for private study or research purpose only. This document or any part of it may not be duplicated and/or distributed without permission of the copyright owner. The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. © 2013 Peng Han Lim This article was published in the SEALG Newsletter, December 2013, No. 45, pp. 6-13. Archived with permission from the author and SEALG. Southeast Asia Library Group Newsletter No. 45 / Dec 2013 IDENTIFYING AND COLLECTING PRIMARY SOURCES OF INFORMATION IN THE ARCHIVES AND LIBRARIES IN ENGLAND, NEW ZEALAND, UNITED STATES AND SINGAPORE TO RECONSTRUCT THE DETAILS OF DAILY LIVES OF THE CIVILIAN INTERNEES AT THE CHANGI PRISON AND SIME ROAD CAMP DURING THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE, 1942- 1945: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES. Paper presented at the SEALG annual meeting / EUROSEAS Conference, Lisbon, 4 July 2013 by Peng Han Lim , Visiting Research Fellow, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. Abstract During the Japanese occupation of Southeast Asia from 1942 -1945 there were hundreds of British, Dutch and American internee camps located throughout Southeast Asia although very little is known about these camps due to the lack of primary and secondary sources of information, except for the European internees in Singapore.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Compensate Them
    Order Code RL30606 Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web U.S. Prisoners of War and Civilian American Citizens Captured and Interned by Japan in World War II: The Issue of Compensation by Japan Updated July 15, 2002 Gary K. Reynolds Information Research Specialist Information Research Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress U.S. Prisoners of War and Civilian American Citizens Captured and Interned by Japan in World War II: The Issue of Compensation by Japan Summary Of the approximately 130,000 American prisoners of war (POWs) in World War II (WWII), 27,000 or more were held by Japan. Of the approximately 19,000 American civilian internees held in WWII, close to 14,000 were captured and interned by Japan. After the conclusion of WWII, Congress passed the War Claims Act of 1948, which created a War Claims Commission (WCC) to adjudicate claims and pay out small lump-sum compensation payments from a War Claims Fund consisting of seized Japanese, German, and other Axis assets. Payments to POWs held by either Germany or Japan were at the rate of $1 to $2.50 per day of imprisonment. The WCC also paid civilian internees of Japan $60 for each month of internment, and civilians were also eligible for compensation for disability or death. The War Claims Act of 1948 did not authorize compensation for civilian internees held by Germany. Since payments were already being made to U.S. POWs out of Japanese assets via the War Claims Act, POWs of other Allied countries were given first claim on payments from Japanese assets situated in neutral countries or countries with which the Allied Powers were at war, as specified in the Multilateral Peace Treaty with Japan of 1951.
    [Show full text]
  • Lawfulness of Interrogation Techniques Under the Geneva Conventions
    Order Code RL32567 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Lawfulness of Interrogation Techniques under the Geneva Conventions September 8, 2004 Jennifer K. Elsea Legislative Attorney American Law Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Lawfulness of Interrogation Techniques under the Geneva Conventions Summary Allegations of abuse of Iraqi prisoners by U.S. soldiers at the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq have raised questions about the applicability of the law of war to interrogations for military intelligence purposes. Particular issues involve the level of protection to which the detainees are entitled under the Geneva Conventions of 1949, whether as prisoners of war or civilian “protected persons,” or under some other status. After photos of prisoner abuse became public, the Defense Department (DOD) released a series of internal documents disclosing policy deliberations about the appropriate techniques for interrogating persons the Administration had deemed to be “unlawful combatants” and who resisted the standard methods of questioning detainees. Investigations related to the allegations at Abu Ghraib revealed that some of the techniques discussed for “unlawful combatants” had come into use in Iraq, although none of the prisoners there was deemed to be an unlawful combatant. This report outlines the provisions of the Conventions as they apply to prisoners of war and to civilians, and the minimum level of protection offered by Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions. There follows an analysis of key terms that set the standards for the treatment of prisoners that are especially relevant to interrogation, including torture, coercion, and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, with reference to some historical war crimes cases and cases involving the treatment of persons suspected of engaging in terrorism.
    [Show full text]
  • Foreign Claims Settlement Commission 2019 Annual Report
    FOREIGN CLAIMS SETTLEMENT COMMISSION OF THE UNITED STATES U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 2019 ANNUAL REPORT FOREIGN CLAIMS SETTLEMENT COMMISSION OF THE UNITED STATES 441 G Street, N.W., Room 6330 Washington, D.C. 20579 Telephone (202) 616-6975 FAX (202) 616-6993 Sylvia M. Becker, Commissioner Patrick Hovakimian, Commissioner - - - Brian M. Simkin, Chief Counsel This Report may be cited as: 2019 FCSC Ann. Rep. This Report is available online at: www.justice.gov/fcsc/publications U.S. Department of Justice Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States Washington, D.C. 20579 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL To the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives of the 116th Congress Pursuant to the War Claims Act of 1948, as amended, and the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949, as amended, the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States submits for your review its Annual Report for Calendar Year 2019. The Commission is an independent agency organized for administrative purposes within the U.S. Department of Justice. We appreciate the continued support of the Congress for the Commission’s international claims programs. Brian M. Simkin Chief Counsel Cover image reproduced from: Juliana Kozoski, Photograph of Globe, UNSPLASH (Nov. 3, 2020), http://unsplash.com/photos/IoQioGLrz3Y TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION I: THE COMMISSION ........................................................................ 1 A. Introduction ....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Internment of Western Civilians Under the Japanese 1941-1945
    THE INTERNMENT OF WESTERN CIVILIANS UNDER THE JAPANESE 1941–1945 RoutledgeCurzon Studies in the Modern History of Asia 1 The Police in Occupation Japan Control, corruption and resistance to reform Christopher Aldous 2 Chinese Workers A new history Jackie Sheehan 3 The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia Tai Yong Tan and Gyanesh Kudaisya 4 The Australia-Japan Political Alignment 1952 to the present Alan Rix 5 Japan and Singapore in the World Economy Japan’s Economic Advance into Singapore, 1870–1965 Shimizu Hiroshi and Hirakawa Hitoshi 6 The Triads as Business Yiu Kong Chu 7 Contemporary Taiwanese Cultural Nationalism A-chin Hsiau 8 Religion and Nationalism in India The Case of the Punjab Harnik Deol 9 Japanese Industrialisation Historical and Cultural Perspectives Ian Inkster 10 War and Nationalism in China 1925–1945 Hans J. van de Ven 11 Hong Kong in Transition One Country, Two Systems Edited by Robert Ash, Peter Ferdinand, Brian Hook and Robin Porter 12 Japan’s Postwar Economic Recovery and Anglo-Japanese Relations, 1948–1962 Noriko Yokoi 13 Japanese Army Stragglers and Memories of the War in Japan, 1950–1975 Beatrice Trefalt 14 Ending the Vietnam War The Vietnamese Communists’ Perspective Ang Cheng Guan 15 The Development of the Japanese Nursing Profession Adopting and Adapting Western Influences Aya Takahashi 16 Women’s Suffrage in Asia Gender Nationalism and Democracy Louise Edwards and Mina Roces 17 The Anglo-Japanese Alliance, 1902–1922 Phillips Payson O’Brien 18 The United States and Cambodia, 1870–1969 From Curiosity to Confrontation Kenton Clymer 19 Capitalist Restructuring and the Pacific Rim Ravi Arvind Palat 20 The United States and Cambodia, 1969–2000 A Troubled Relationship Kenton Clymer 21 British Business in Post-Colonial Malaysia, 1957–70 ‘Neo-colonialism’ or ‘Disengagement’ Nicholas J.
    [Show full text]
  • United Nations Security Council Letter Dated 22 December 2000 from The
    !6Df UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL LETTER DATED 22 DECEMBER 2000 FROM THE PRESIDENT OF SECURITY COUNCIL TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL United Nations S12000/1234 ~_~ Security Council Distr.: General ~ ~ ~ii! 22 December 2000 ~ Original: English Letter dated 22 December 2000 from the President of the Security Council addressed to the Secretary-General The members of the Security Council have carefully reviewed your report of 4 October 2000 on the establishment of a Special Court for Sierra Leone (SI2000/915). The Council members wish to convey their deep appreciation for the observations and recommendations set forth in your report. The members of the Security Council reaffirm their support for resolution 1315 (2000) and its reiteration that the situation in Sierra Leone constitutes a threat to international peace and security. With the objective of conforming to resolution 1315 (2000) and related concerns, and subj edt to the agreement of the Government of Sierra Leone as necessary and appropriate, the members of the Council suggest that the draft Agreement between the United Nations and the Government of Sierra Leone and the proposed Statute of the Court be amended to incorporate the views set forth below. 1. Personal jurisdiction. The members of the Security Council continue to hold the view, as expressed in resolution 1315 (2000), that the Special Court for Sierra Leone should have personal jurisdiction over persons who bear the greatest responsibility for the commission of crimes, including crimes against humanity, war crimes and other serious violations of international humanitarian law, as well as crimes under relevant Sierra Leonean law committed within the territory of Sierra Leone.
    [Show full text]