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An Ancient Beautiful Mind by Dr. M. Kamiar

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An Ancient Beautiful Mind by Dr. M. Kamiar BRILLIANT BIRUNI AN ANCIENT BEAUTIFUL MIND A Life Story of Abu Rayhan Mohammad Ibn Ahmad (973-1053 C. E.) BY DR. M. KAMIAR Copyright © 2018 by Dr. M. Kamiar All rights reserved. Permission in writing must be obtained from the author before any part of this work maybe reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system. Preface First Edition 2009 My real encounter with Biruni was little over a quarter of a century ago when I was a graduate student of geography at Michigan State University. At that time all students were required to take a course called “GEO 852: Philosophy of Geography”. I took this course with Professor Lawrence Sommers in the fall term of 1979. I selected Biruni, as a Muslim geographer, as a topic for one of my research papers. The formal research paper had to be only five pages. It was filled with technical terms and jargons and included three pages of footnotes and references. For the first time I learned that Biruni was able to calculate the height of a mountain by measuring its shadow. I also found out about Biruni’s theory of location of landmasses opposite to Eurasia. Thus, he knew about Americas 500 years before Europeans discovered the New World. Fortunately, Dr. Sommers enjoyed reading my paper. In his comment he wrote at the end of my paper, he used the word “excellent” and believed that it was a publishable paper. This encouragement and support inspired me to collect all references written about Biruni including his own research works. The Scarecrow Press published this collection as A Bio-Bibliography for Biruni in 2006. This book has a brief biography and geography of Biruni’s birthplace and all available references related to him were put together under a single title. For the first time, all names of Biruni’s 183 Books in Arabic, Persian, Transliteration, English and a brief annotation are given in one place. Again, for the first time, some selected resources available on Biruni on the Internet are provided. The above more technical book about Biruni makes research very convenient for the students and scholars in the fields of geography, classical works, medieval research, and Islamic civilization. It is, however, to be used for serious research and investigation in related fields with specific agenda. This means that A Bio-Bibliography for Biruni is not geared towards public consumption. Therefore, I was lead to write the present book for that purpose. In the book in your hand, I tried to give the reader a simplified version of the life of one of the greatest scholars in the history of the world. This is a life story of a boy who became Biruni. This is a life story of survival of a scientist who brightened the dark skies of the Middle Ages. It is only smart for the public be entertained and educated about other cultures. Post September 11 is a very important time in our history. With knowledge we are able to fight against misconception and discrimination so badly going on all around the world. The great majority of the people in the world have not heard Biruni’s name, the man who worked for peace and prosperity of mankind. I would like to acknowledge all the help I have received from all librarians at Michigan State University, Florida Community College at Jacksonville, and the Library of Congress. Finally, I would like to thank my wife Molouk, my daughter Anahiat, and my son Arash for the time they gave me to do this public service. However, any problem in this book should be referred to me. I assume responsibility for any mistakes. Dr. Mohammad S. Kamiar Jacksonville, Florida July 2008 Preface Second Edition 2018 Scarecrow Press published the First Edition of this book in 2009. It had many mistakes and typos. Hopefully, the Second Edition comes to the readers without any of the previous problems. I corrected everything underlined in green or red by MS Word. Also, I have added a new subtitle to the original name of the book. I am hoping these four words “An Ancient Beautiful Mind” can provide an added value to the main character of the present book. Shortly after finishing the writing of this book, I watched the movie A Beautiful Mind, 2001, portraying the life of Dr. John Nash, an American a Nobel Laureate in Economics. Few of the scenes in the film such as the parade of numbers and using the laws of probability reminded me of the main character in my book. Biruni spent most of his adult life dealing with numbers and measurements. Few of the readers may know that father of the author of A Beautiful Mind, Ms. Sylvia Nasar originally came from Uzbekistan where Biruni lived for some years. I met Ms. Nasar in Jacksonville in 2003. She was a keynote speaker at our college’s 14th International Conference on College Teaching and Learning, Friday, April 4th. I talked to her about the similarities between the main characters in our books. Dr. Mohammad S. Kamiar Jacksonville, Florida July 2018 1 Village of Vasemereed: Khwarazm South of Lake Aral, Central Asia It was moments before the daybreak and the roosters were getting ready to sing. It was a windy, squally, and very a cold day. Large drops of semi-frozen rain were striking the wooden door of this little room. It was raining all night. The sky was hidden under thick black clouds. One could hear the wailing and whimpering of the hungry wolves and the cry of jackals from afar. The village of Vasemereed was not different than a lonely thing on the northern edge of this desert-like steppe, which was a grazing land for several Turkish tribes called the Ghuzz. The village was sleeping within its own muddy walls on this desert without a horizon. It was little and it was alone. Endless darkness, late autumn’s bitter cold, and sudden floods would force even more experienced peasants to stay indoors. A little house bedaubed by mud in the northeastern corner of the village was the nest of professor Abu-Jafar Ahmad Ibn Ali Andijani’s family. It was located in a considerable distance from other houses near the water mill. After his death, professor Andijani’s widow and his seven children, four sons and three daughters, were living here. The native villagers called them as the Birunis or “The ones came from outside” or just “outsiders.” In Persian the word “Birun” means “outside”. The reason that they were called by this name was that they migrated here from the city of Khwarazm. This family was still seen as strangers by the local population. The village of Vasemereed was made of some irregular houses in rows without any order and without any planning. The facades of the houses were built in many directions. The village had a square shape. A high mud wall reaching almost eight meters in height surrounded it. In each corner there was a watchtower with some holes for observation. Behind these watchtowers there were some platforms three meters high made of brick for defensive purposes. If and when the village was attacked, the villagers would stay on these platforms and shoot their arrows and throw their spears at their enemies. The houses in this village contained one or two rooms, a porch that was usually a few steps higher than the yard. This yard was enclosed with mud walls. It had a little storage in one corner and a stable was built for animals of many types in the other corner. From late autumn through early spring, smoke coming out of little holes in the roofs of the houses indicated the continuation of struggle for life on the plateau of Persia and nearby regions. Residential areas, for centuries, had few things in common: A Qanat system, which is a man-made spring (Kamiar 1983), a water mill, a mosque, and a bazaar. Together, they represented life near many deserts, big and small. Life was a continuous struggle against the sun’s burning rays during day and suffering from the cold and darkness at night. Vasemereed was still in peace with itself and other places. In the late tenth century the eastern story of death and annihilation hadn’t come yet. It took another three centuries for the eastern storm of death and destruction to throw dust of misery over most residential areas in Persia. These storms from the Gobi Desert and Mongolia later 1 changed the shape of residential places and uprooted their happiness, hope and prosperity. The day was just beginning. In the large room in professor Andijani’s house six children were sleeping next to their mother, Mehrana. The eldest son was away. He was now a soldier in the army of a local Khan. Mehrana was originally from the city of Nishabur or Nishapur. She was sleeping near the Tanoor, sometimes called Tandoor, an oven like hole made in the ground for baking bread and warming the room. She was sleeping over an old gleam, a short-napped coarse carpet, and was covered by a quilt filled with goat hair. The children were still gently snoring. The rain and wind were also at work. Mehrana was the first to wake up everyday. She was happy that her family had a roof over their head. Mehrana, now 44 years of age, was still a beautiful woman. She had dark long hair, black, big and beautiful eyes, and swarthy skin.
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