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Points pf view or opinions stated in this document are 10 reproduce this i li!!!!L!£d I' , " grantedbyPe~mission ma enal has been those of fhe author(s) and do not represent toe official (It; Public Domaj n" " position or policies of the U. S. Department of Justice. ... . , EAA, U.S.' P;pt:, ~fJu$tice ~ " :o'8/64/82'! a )0 Ine National Criminal,Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). .,.,---"----." .. ~'. ,,-"' ... Furth~r reproduction outside Ilh N ' National Institute of Justice ., sion of the. c ' '[' l'Owner. 0 e CJRSsystem requires permis' ,United States Department of JusticH~; 'Washington, D.C. 20531
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-oOMESTIC VIOLENCE \ ~{I 'I IN THE SAN"DIEGO REGION \' 11 11 [I [I d II I! ., 11 • II August 1981 \l Ii'I I'rl 11r II San. Diego !\ {,I I j San Diego, California 92101 il (714) 236·5300 'I)i .! 't, ! , ' CRIMINAL JUSTICE EVALUA TlON UNIT I Susan Pennell, Director ~ j Christine Curtis, Criminal Justice Evaluator Ii Bonnie McCardell and II " , i) Peter Kuchinsky, Research Aides fl ! ) LEAA Contract Numbers: i
-/ NCJRS [1 J·4306·1 A-4279-1B II J·4279·1A A·4286 Ii ~ '/' ' J·4279·1B A-4291-1B SEP ?1 1981 I, , . J·4291·1A IiM .-1 h This report was financed with funds from the if· . - Law Enforcement Assistance Administration it n1-' u -- [', I , . MEMBER AGENCIES: Cities of Carlsbad, Chula Vista, Coronado, Del Mar, EI Cajon, Imperial Beach, La Mesa, Lemon Grove, National City, Oceanside, .••• '""t- ? I , ' ~ San Diegp, San Marcos, Santee and Vista/Ex-officio Member: California Department of Transportation/Honorary Member: Tijuana, B. CFA. t H l ! " ",
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'-'-.;.:)(:; th'·-~_':." :;t .~ ... '"--'~ , il '~.cl I BOARD OF DIRECT,ORS rn a SAN DIEGO ASSOCIATION OF GOVERNMENTS '1 m !) I. The SanDiego Association of Governments (SANDAGl is a voluntary public 61gency formed by local IJ governrnen~s to assure overall areawide planning and coordination for the Sari. Diego region. Voting lID ~embers Include the Incorporated Citi.es of C~rlr!bad, Ch~la Vista, ~oronado, Del Mar, EI Cajon, , Impen~1 Beach, La Me~a, LE!mon Grove, National Clty~ Oceanside, San Diego, San Marcos, Santee, and Vista. Ii I Ad.vlsory members Include the State of California, through a memorandumpf understanding with the g , I m California Department of Transportation. The Mayor of the City of Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico, is .Preface an honorary member of SANDAG. CHAIRMAN: George Bailey B m VICE CHAIRWOMAN: Harriet Stockwell SECRETARY-EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: Richard J. Huff ch < (::- 'lJ ,.. 11 The Criminal Justice Evaluation unit of the San Diego Association n Ii of Governments (SANDAG) was authorized by the San Diego Regional CITY OF CARLSBAD CITY OF NATIONAL CITY Criminal Justice Planning Board (SDRCJPB) to evaluate proj~cts funded Honorable Ronald C. Packard, Mayor Honorable Jess E. Van Deventer, Vice Mayor to address the problem of danestic violence.' The San Diego region (A) Honorable Mary Casler, Mayor Pro Tem (Al Honorable J. Louis Camacho, Councilman n received approximately $1.1 million for two years from the federal J I Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA). ., CITY OF CHULA VISTA CITY OF OCEANSIDE • Honorable Will Hyde, Mayor Honorable Lawrence M. Bagley, Mayor to to (Al Honorable Frank Scott, Councilma~ The goals of the projects were provide an effective response (A) Honorable William D. Bell, Councilman n ~'1 fi victims of spouse assault, rape and child abuse, by reducing victim "-I CITY OF CORONADO CITY OF SAN DIEGO traumatization and by increasing arrests and cqnvictions of offenders. Since the problem of (}';~v;hestic violence requires intervention by many 1 Honorable Robert G. Odiorne, Mayor Pro Tem Honorable Lucy Killea, Councilwoman (Al Honorable C. Pat Callahan, Mayor (A) Honorable Dick Murphy, Councilman D n agencies, evaluation efforts examined the irr@act of these agencies I as well as the funded projects. CITY OF DEL MAR CITY OF SAN MARCOS 'I Honorable Lou Terrell, r.JIayor Honorable Robert Harman, Mayor n The Executive Summary of this report pre$ents issues, conclusions and (A) Honorable Richard Roe, Mayor Pro Tem (A) Honorable F.H. (Corky) Smith, Councilman n recommendations relevant to issues raised by the RCJPB. An in-depth ! discussion of each issue and analysis of projects' activities follow !, CITY OF EL CAJON CITY OF SANTEE 1 the surranary. ! Honorable Harriet Stockwell, Councilwoman Honorable Roy Woodward, Councilman (A) Honorable C. Dan Conaway, Counci:man fi ! (A) Honorable E.T. "Woodie" Miller, Vice Mayor This report should be useful to social service and criminal justice ~;) CITY OF IMPJ;RIAL BEACH CITY OF VISTA 1 personnel who are interested in the issue of domestic violence and the", Honorable Brian P. Bilbray, Mayor Honorable R. Michael (Mike) Flick, Mayor Pro Tem n factors that affect services to victimS. Also, the findings may assist (A) Honorable John B. Bennett, Councilman local policymakers and administrators in funding and program decisions \-: (A) Honorable Lloyd von Haden, Councilman V'/' regal;'ding the projects studied. CITY OF LA MESA \\ STATE DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION r .1 Honorable George Bailey, Mayor 0 1 (Ex Officio Member) The assistance and cooperation of the projects' staffs and personnel (A) Honorable'Fred Nagel, Councilman Adriana Gianturco, Director ,in criminal justice and social service agencies toward evaluation I (A) Honorable Jerri 'Lopez, Councilwoman (A) Russ Lightcap,"District Director I efforts is gratefully 'acknowledged. D j) CITY OF LEMON GROVE TIJUANA, B.CFA. (Honorary Member) I Honorable Jack Doherty, Councilman .j Roberto Andrade Salazar, Mayor \ I (A) Honorable James V. Dorman, Mayor I (A) Honorable Lois Heiserman, Councilwoman ;/ U· .. - REVISED AUGUST 1981 ..!..) j . ' \\ ' 1) \' I 1il', 8 .t \ \\1 1\ 1\ II II I ji J 1 , 1/ ,
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(.') ,/fi /' " , J I ; " L,ist of Tabl~5 ! ., ! n (;' 1 Table of Contents I TABLE 1. REroRI'ED SEOUSE-REIA'IED ~ULTS, BY POLICE AGENCY t JULY-JfJNE 1978-79 (TIME l) AND 1979-60 (TJ101E 2) ••••••••• 25 I 0 I 'J:ABLE 2 PERCF~GE OF REPORrED ASSAUL'IS 'IHATARE SPoosE \ I REIJ):'IED, BY AGEOCY, TIME 1. AND TIME' 2~ •••, •••••••••••••••• 25 ! .EXOCtJrI\lE S~y ...... j TABLE 3 NUHBER OF PERSONS PROViDED SERVICE 1 v~a1EN, 1 S Narrative • eI ...... c: •••••••••••••••••••••••• " •••••• 1 m .RESCXJRCE CEr'HER. •••••• it ••••••• ~ •••••• I~ •••••••••••• " •• 11 ..... 27 ~ Recammenaations, Issues ana Conclusions ••••••••••••••••••••• 3 ~ Projects' Reciprocal Remarks •••••••••••• ~ ••••••••••••••••••• 15 "n TABLE 4 NUffiER OF PERSONS PROVIDED SERVICE, ~ BA'ITERED WCt1EN I S SERVICES •••••• ~ •••••••••••••••••••• ',' ••• 27 i CHAPl'ER 1 INCIDEN:E, PREVALENCE, AND NATURE OF I ro1Esrrc \TIOLEN"CE ••••••••••••••••••••••• -:" ••••••••••• , 23 , . n :1 ' TABLE 5 REFERRAlS FOR CHILD ABUSE, .REGIOl\WIDE PUBLIC AND 49 PR.r'vA.TE AGEl\lCIES c ••••••••••••••••••• Q. ••' ••••••••••••••••• 38 I ·"-·CHAPrE!R. 2 PmJEC'IS 1 IMPACT •• It •••••••••••••••••••••• ~'/••••••••• Ii ., ]1 • j TABLE 6 REroRl'ED CHILD ABUSE, IDRTH COUNTY POLICE AGENCIES CHAPl'ER 3, CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM RESPONSE •••••••••••••••••••• 71 n JULY-JUNE: !) 1978-79, 1979-80 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 39 "'-"'- II CHAPl'ER 4 QUALI'I'Y OF SERVICE DETJIVERY' AND EFFOCTI\lE TABLE 7 REPORl'ED CHILD ABUSE BY TYPE F NJRTH CCX)N'rY ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 89 :I n POLICE AGENCIES, JULY-JUNE: 1978-79, 1979-80 ••••••••••• 39 CHAPTER 5 COMMUNITY ATTITUDES ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 103 ,11 TABLE 8 SERVICE PROVIDERS StJR.'VEY, CHANGES IN REPO...~ED CHILD ! ABUSE BY TYPE, CGiPARED 'ID PRIOR YEAR •••••••••••••••••••~ 40 , " , REF~CES ••••••••••••• ~.,. ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 109 fl
" .I J" 'I TABLE 9 LAW ENFORCEMENI' CHILD ABUSE REPORrS, BY REPORl'ING APPENDIX A - ~~ COLLOCTION FORMS •••••••• e ••••••••••••••••••••• 113 0 SOURCE, JQI~Y-JUNE, 1978-1980, BY TYPE OF ABUSE •••••••••• 41 ", \' .AI>PENDIX B - StJR.'VEYS •• ~.' ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••0 ••••••• '•••••• 115 I TABLE 10 CHILD ABUSE REPORTING SOURCE I ALL TYPES , " OF ABUSE, 1978-79; 1979-80 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 42 APPENDIX "C - TABLE 32 "., •.••••• ~ •••••••• ~ ...... 161 U TABLE 11 NOMBER OF INDIVlOOAIS SERVED BY PROJECTS, BY TYPE APPENDIX D - PENAL CODE SECTIONS •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 163 ,.1 m OF CRIME, JULY 19.79 - DECEMBER 1980 •••••••••••••••••••• 51
8 TABLE 12 PROPORl'ION (OF VICTIMS COOTACTED BY POLICE WHO WERE m SERVED BY .)PmJECT S~F, JULY 1979 - ,JUNE 1980 •••••••••• 52
I TABLE 13 REPEAT INCIDENrS OF SPOUSE ASSAULT OFFENSES AND NUMBER II REFERRED FOR PRCSECtJrION FOR NJRTH COUN'B~ PROJECTS, \ ~i JULY 1979 - JUNE 1980; JULY - DECEMBER, 1980 •••••••••••• 52 I TABLE 14 PROJECTS' REFERRAlS 'ID arHER AGENCIES, SUBSEQJENr 11 TO INITIAL CON.I'ACT, SPOUSE ASSAULT VICTIMS •••••••••••••• 53 m. TABLE 15 CLIENr StJR.VEY, JANUARY-MARCH, 1981 SOCIAL ASSAULT PROJECTS ••••• ~ •••••••••••• 0- ... ~ .0"...... 57 " ~ 6~' I o '~, ~ . j, I iv m I,· v [,'~'~~~ ,~ '-t~.:..- '\" ... ;. ,., '.~, . .' ~. --- -, ,,~-~--~----~
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SERVICE PROVIDER SURVEY RESroNSES, "~I, T/\BLE 16 OORTIf COUN'rY PROJEC'I'S ••••••••• ~ •••••••••••••••••••••• II •• \;,59 ~I I , I , TABLE 17 PIACEMENT OJ? CHILD AT TIME OF REbi'ERRAL AND AT CASE CIDSURE, BY TYPE OF' JI..BUSE ••••••• ". ~ ••••••" ••••••••••••••• 152 1 i I TABLE 18 PERCENTAGE OF CASES WITH PRIOR CASB Kt'K:WN TO SOCIAL ,I j List of Figures SERVICES,. BY TYPE OF ABUSE ••••••• ~, .,. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • \52, ,
TABLE 19 TIME BE'lWEEN INCIDENT REPORl'ED 'IO POI,ICE AND ACTION BY ! SOCIAL :WORKERS, BY TYPE OF ABUSE •••• ,., ••••••••••••••••••• E\2 FIGURE 1 HOI'LINE CALLS BY REGION, BA'ITERED WCMEN' S SERVICES, 1 OC'IOBER - DECEMBER, 1980 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 28 " l TABLE 20 PERCENTAGE OF CASES IN WHICH CHILD MADB DEPE:NDENT OF COURT, BY TYPE OF ABUSE •••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••• EI,3 FIGURE 2 SHELTER RESIDENTS, BY SUBREGIONAL .AREA, CASA DE PAZ, I I ~BER - DECEMBER, 1980 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • 29 ,I TABLE 21 HOrLINE CASES AND NUMBER OF INDIVIOOALS, SERVED, BY ~ TYPE OF SERVICE, BA'm'lmED WU\1EN' S SERVICES •••••••••••••• 65 FIGURE 3 NUMBER OF PERSOOS PARl'ICIPATING IN SUPPORT GROUPS,~ BY SUBREGIONAL AREA, BA'ITERED WCl-IEN' S SERVICES, I ,I (/" TABLE 22 SELECTED GCl.l\LS AND PERCENTAGE OF VICTIMS OCTOBER - DECEMBER, 1980 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 30 '1 I ATI'AINII-K;OOALS,'BA'ITERED WCMEN'S SERVICES •••• It...... 66 FIGURE 4 SPOUSE ASSAULT INCIDENTS WI'lH INJURY REQJ!RING MEDICAL TABLE 23 FAMILY CRISIS TEl-\M CALIJS BY TYPE, ESCONDlOO A'ITEN:l'ION •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 32 YOUI'H ENCOUNTER, OOVEMBER 1980 - MARCH 1981 •••••.•••••••• 67 '.\ FIGURE 5 TYPE OF WEAPON USED IN SPOUSE ASSAULTS ••••••••••••••••••• 32 "'--...,,, TABLE 24 SPOUSE ASSAULT CHARGES H'ILED, IDRTH CCL"NTY POLICE AGENCIES, 1978-79 (TIME 1) AND 1979-80 (TIME 2) ••••••••• 73 FIGURE 6 TIME OF DAY OF SPOUSE ASSAULTS •••••••••• II • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 33
">-, TABLE 25 ACTIONS TAKEN WHEN RESPOl.'IDING TO IXl1ESTIC VIOLENCE FIGURE 7 PIACE OF OCCURRENCE OF SPOUSE ASSAULTS ...... 33 CALLS, NORTH COUNTY' POLICE OFFICERS SURVEY,
1979 AND 1981 ••••• eo. 0 G •••••• 0 •••••••••.• 0 ••••••••••• 0 • •• 75 FIGURE 8 SHELTER RESIDENTS BY MARITAL STATUS, CASA DE PAZ, 1980 ••• 36
TABLE 26 PERCEPI'ION OF IAW ENFORCEMENT, SERVICE PROVIDERS SURVEY.. 78 FIGURE 9 SHELTER RESIDENTS BY EOOCATIONAL LEVEL, 36 I CASA DE PAZ, 1980 •••••••••••••••••••• Q ••••••••••••••••••• TABLE 27 SAN r;.;~;::p PATROL OFFICER SURVEY, IDRTHERN AND SOUI'HEAST 80 --':Tn,"1't'l"'S D~ ~.\.'1. ~..;~ ,~1 • 0 • 0 •••• 0 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~ 0 ••••• FIGURE 10 SHELTER RESIDENTS BY MONI'HLY HOUSEHOLD INCCME, I ~ -1-1...-' « \.-.._r! CASA ;DE PAZ, 1980 •••••••••••• 0 ••••••••••••••••••••• 0 G •••• 36 TABLE 28 SAN DIEGO POLICE ACTIONS IN FAMILY-REIATED DISTURBANCE CAlLS 81 FlGUP.E 11 SHELTER RESIDENTS BY AGE, CASA DE PAZ, 1980 •••••••••••••• 37 1, I
TAB.LE 29 OBSTACLES 'IO EFFECTIVE INTERVENTION, SPOUSE ASSAULT FIGURE 12 SHELTER RESIDENTS BY ETHN!CITY, CASA DE PAZ, 1980 •••••••• 37 I SITUATIONS, LEVELS OF CHANGE PERCEIVED BY SERVICE PROVIDERS, FEBRUARY 1981 •••••••••••••••• ,i]...... 91 FIGURE 13 SHELTER RESIDENTS BY SOURCE OF INCCME, CASA DE PAZ, 1980 • 37
TMLE 30 RESPONI;>ENI'S' OPINIONS REGARDING CHANGES IN FIGURE 14 'l'YPE OF ABUSE 1,3Y SEX OF CHILD, 1981 ...... u •••••••••••••• 44 , \ '\\. OBSTACLES 'IO EFFECTIVE INTERVENTION IN CHILD ABUSE - .::-:-( CASES, SERVICE PROVIDER SURVEY' •• 'a • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 94 FIGURE 15 CHILD ABUSE CASES BY TYPE OF ABUSE AND SEX OF ABUSER, SEX OF CHILD AND AGE, 1981 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 44
, 'I TABLE 31 RESOURCE ALIDCATION FOR CHILD ABUSE SERVICES SERVICE PROVIDER SURVEY ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 95 FIGURE 16 CHILD ABUSE CASES BY TYPE OF ABUSE, 45 BY AGE, 1981 •••••••••• o •••••••••••••••••••••••••• G ••••••• TN3LE 32 PERCEm'AGES OF "YES" RESroNSES, BY AGENCY, OORTH COUNI'Y, SERVICE PROVIDER SUR~ RESPONSES ••••••••• 161 FIGURE 17 CHILD A)3USE CASES BY SEX OF ABUSER, SEX OF CHILD
AND AGE, 1981 ••••• 41: •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 0 • 0 0 • • • • • • • • 46
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.-- f7 ('j ~. .1 " " '. , 0 I I I I I j I , ' / ~ -~:.4.:;::;;_;::;::;,...~;:rr . ...:'''=.,'';l=-, ___• q=><=-_~_.e~_. _,_, """""'_. A_ .. -=""" ...... ==""""""'_4._iI;%4_4;_ii4F;_=~_"""_""_(. '*'_~_~ ___, .... , ____...,_~-...,.~ ... "' ...... ~'"',...,... __ -tA l .~ .... ---:--- ~-----,--,,------,------ " A~===---"'---~---'·''''-· ( m. (:) II J) ~ i 11 n 11 c' o 1/ II n Executive Summary II jl n NARRATIVE ! The San Diego Regional criminal Justice Planning Board (SDRCJPB) identi ~ fied domestic violence as a significant problem during the priority ! n development process for 1978-81. Approximately $1.1 million was allocated from the federal Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LFAA) to develop new programs and augment existing ones serving battered women, u rape victims, and child abusing families. First year evaluation efforts documented the incidence in North County and incorporated the activities of four LEAA-funded projects. Since intervention efforts require coordination among several agencies, evaluation tasks were H system-oriented rather than project-focused. In the second year, data were collected from projects/agencies other than North County to enhance the regional perspective on domestic violence. Infonnation n obtained about the four projects r.elates to the overall LFAA objectives and therefore does not address the total scope and nature of services. [! The SDRCJPB identified three major objectives in the solicitation for prop:>sals : o ,'i 1. Tb provide an effective resp:>nse to social assault calls. n 2. Tb reduce victim traumatization associated with the investigation and prosecution of these cases. I) 3. TO increase the number of social assault arrests and convictions. •, n TO evaluate efforts toward the objectives, data were collected from project staff, clients/victims receiving services, other service u providers, and criminal justice agencies. A brief description of the North County projects is presented below. Women's Resource Center. The Center has provided services to victims of tl rape and domestic violence since 1974. Primary services are crisis intervention and referral of victims to appropriate service agencies. Funding sources included the County of San Diego, United Way, and the tf Regional Employment and Training Consortium (RETC). The LFAA funds o were requested to provide services to 72 additional clients by hiring more staff, recruiting and training volunteers, and expanding the telephone hotlines. '" Casa de Amparo. Since 1977, Casa de Amparo has provided 24-hour ',/ . shelter care for abused children and counseling for parent abusers. o u , Ii ," 1'1 n , , . 1 ' . ' I) . ' " u Funding sources included the County of San Diego and RE'IC. The LEAA funds were to provide additional bedspace, expand the telephone hotline, n and hire more staff to develop a family caregiver program. RECa.1MENIll1TIONS Oceanside victim Aid Project. Prior to LEAA funding y the Oceanside u Police Department had two non-sworn counselors working with victims on both the investigative and counseling/referral aspects of social SroUSE ASSAULT ass,omlt. The project, funded in 1979 by LEAA, intended to fill urunet needs by establishing relationships with victims of assault, rape and n 1. Police agency administrators should encourage patrol officers to child abuse. Victims are advised of ,appropriate cormnunity resources complete written reports on incidents of spouse assault so actual and contacts are made to inform agencies of the victims' needs. incidence can be determined and repeat occurrences can be docurnentGd. Escondido victim-Witness Project. The Escondido youth Encounter (EYE) 2. The San Diego Regional Criminal Justice Planning Board should has been locally funded since 1969 and provides comprehensive coun encourage law enforcement agencies to compile statistical data seling to youth and their fe.milies. With LEAA funds, the EYE and the concerning incidents of spouse assault. This could be accomplished Escondido Police Deparbnent coordinated a program to work with rape and through ~e.Autamated Regional Justice Information System (ARJIS) family violence victims. The counselor was expected to redl!Ce victim by an addltlonal code on the regional crime/incident report. trauma, provide assistance during the judicial process, and refer victims to 10ng-tel1m social services when necessary. With the exception 3. Prosecutors should carefully screen complaints filed for spouse of the Oceanside program, services continued through other funding assault to increase the number of offenders diverted to mandated sources when the LEAA funds ,expired. Pending approval, the Oceanside counseling programs. -, program will receive continuation funds from LEAA for an additional [1 • year. 4. The Regional Criminal Justice Planning Board should examine the problems that hinder the effectiveness of the state mandated diver Since the issue of domestic violence involves coordination and inter sion law and track the number of defendants referred to diversion. action among several agencies, findings, conclusions, and recommendations If findings suggest areas that warrant improvement, the RCJPB are systems oriented as well as project focused. should recommend changes to the state legislature. n 5. Criminal justice agencies should insure that all personnel receive training in the dynamics of spouse assault and the alternatives and n sanctions available to these agencies for assisting victims. 6. Legislation enacted last year provides additional revenues for shelter facilities by increasing the fee for marriage licenses. As a result, $141,500 was collected in San Diego County from July, u 1979 to June, 1980. When these funds are allocated, the County should insure that the priorities of shelter and counseling con U tinue to be addressed. 7. Services of the LEAA projects should continue and funding sources should require outcome information regarding services provided D to insure accountability of objectives. Both Casa de Arnparo and Battered WOmen's Services have developed extensive internal assess ments that include client characteristics, kind and quantity of services provided, and client assessment of progress toward specific II goals. These procedures should be used as models by other projects. CHILD ABUSE I 1. The County should develop a centralized information system to include cases of substantiated child abuse with information such as I kinds of services provided, by whom, disposition (e.g., placement 3 2 [1 ! - - ---~------,.~--::------ u ISSUES, CONCLUSIONS, AND FINDINGS of child, court jurisdiction), adult charges, and data on recurrent pj abusive behavior. ISSUE 1: WHAT IS THE INCIDENCE, PREVALENCE, AND NATURE OF OOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN THE SAN DIEOO REGION? 2. The D:parbnent of Social Services, with assistance from the Child Abuse Coordinating Council and service providers, should develop n specific procedures and guidelines related to counseling of child CONCLUSIONS abusing families. Explicit goal criteria and behavioral expectations should be developed for specified time periods ona contractual Spouse Assault basis. Since coping behaviors of child abusers are contributing n." factors to abuse, these should be addressed in treabnent plans. In Data indicate that the occurrence of violence between spouses is not addition, data reflecting characteristics of offenders and victims [{, uncamm~n throughout the San Diego region and that this offense is should be utilized. 'J underreported by law enforcement. However, during the past year, off nses reported to ~e.police.ha~e increased. This is probably due 3. The D:parbnent of Social Services should examine staffing levels to 7lncreased report wrltlng by offlcers rather than an increase in in the children's division based on investigative and rehabilitative i] actual incidence. Victims' requests for services provided by community services requested fu,d determine feasibility of increasing staff agencies have also increased. in these areas. :j 3' o A ~i~ifica~t proportion of ~pouse assault victims had injuries re i 40 More "parenting" classes should be available throughout the region ,I gUlrlng medlcal treabnent, W1Lh hands and feet being the weapons most 'j and parents should be mandated to attend. County administrators frequently used. Victims who seek protection from abusers in shelter should discuss this issue with judges and members of Boards of 1,1\ n facilities generally do not have alternative resources. Data reveal Trustees of local corrnnunity colleges and high schools. ~ that there is an association between spouse assault and child abuse. 5. 'rhe County should explore the feasibility of enhancing the Emergency In FINDINGS Response System to incorporate a multi-disciplinary approach that Qu D would provide services after protection and safety of the abused 1. Reported spouse-related assaults in North County were 17% of the child are insured. n total assaults reported to law enforcement in FY 1979-80. GENERAL ~ 2. Reported spouse assault cases showed an overall increase of 6% over a two-year period. The proportion of repeat occurrences of spouse 1. The LEAA funds provided the impetus for coordination between r assault declined slightly when the two pe'riods were compared 7% to i o criminal justice agencies and social service providers: These ~ 6%. ' efforts should be maintained by continued referrals to social services by police and prosecutors and mutual sharing of infor- , 3. Thirteen percent (13%) of the pol ice officers surveyed said they mation. ~~ , h • u .- ~ do not write reports in family disturbanc€~ incidents and 70% said r; they complete written reports on from 1 - ,4 incidents out of 20. 2. projects that serve domestic violence victims should continue In a study of actual police calls for service to family disturbances their outreach efforts with the public. o in the City of San Diego, reports were writ.ten for 8% of the calls ID dispatched. In Chula Vista, reports were written in 10% of the 3. All forms of media in San Diego should take a more active role in family disturbance calls. informing and educating the corrnnunity with regard to the dynamics { i .- ) jn of domestic violence and available services in the region • m 4. Of citizens surveyed in the region, 32% said that wife beating was a problem in their community. ~. J n w! 5. A high proportion of requests for services to Battered Women's ~rvi~es were f~om these subregional areas: Central San Diego, [1 Mld-Clty, E1 CaJon, Coastal, Kearny Mesa, Elliot-Navajo, National U City, Spring Valley, and Southeast San Diego. 6. Hotline calls to Women's Resource Center over a two-year period u showed an increase of 210% from t.he base year (1978-1980). The f] number of adults given shelter at Battered Women's Services (BWS) during the same period increased by 44%. , ~ ,,; 5 4 ,. [1' l- -~ ------.- ~--~.,..---~---,-~ ~------~ i( ---"----~-~ ...------""-~ A----===-== 1, iii " --f f\:",.l\ U ,I td I 00,11 4. Of abuse reported to the Emergency Response System (a 24-hour 7. Of 724 spouse assault incidents studied, 75% involved,injuries. ,...\\ Illi hotline and crisis intervention service) over a one-year period, In 152 of those incidents, medical treatment was requ~red. P thirty-one percent (31%) of the calls were initiated from the metropolitan area of the San Diego region. Twenty-two percent 8. Eighty-two percent (82%) of the spouse assault incidents involved (22%) were fran East County, 18% from the southern area, and 12% the use of hands and/or feet intended to inflict injury. Guns {] fran North County. and/or knives were used in 8% of the cases. In the remaining incidents, other types of weapons and objects were used. 5. In a survey of service providers, 56% indicated that all types of f] abuse have increased with sexual abuse perceived as reflecting the 9. Of the women provided shelter at Battered WOmen's Se~ices, ,89% greatest increase (77% of respondents). had household incomes under $1,000 per month and publ~c ass~stance funds were the prbnary source of income for 40% of the residents. 6. OVer a two-year period, reporting sources did not change. School Forty-three percent (43%) indicated that they did not finish high P• .1 personnel remain the largest reporting group when accounting for school. More ~~an h~lf (63%) of the residents were married at the all types of abuse. tL~e they sought shelter~ PJ 7. Analysis of a sample of child abuse incidents indicates that adult 10. Of the spollse assault incidents resulting in shelter at the BWS males are more likely to abuse children over 12 years old. Males facility, twenty percent (20%) also involved child abuse. are also more likely to be offenders of sexual abuse with female 8 children. Adult females are more likely to be involved in neglect CQ.\lCLUSIONS - CHILD ABUSE incidents and physical abuse of YOlmger children. Reported child abuse has increased substantially over a th~ee-year period (1978-1981). Findings suggest that,awarene~s of ch~ld ab~e by B the community as well as professional serv~ce prov~~e~s,has contr~buted ISSUE 2: HCW DID THE PROJECTS IMPACT THE PROCESS BY WHICH VICTIMS MOVE THROUGH THE SYSTEM? .,, to increased reporting. ~1ese factors preclude def~n~t~ve statements concerning the increase of actual abuse. ~ The metropolitan area of San Diego reflects the,highest co~~e~tration COOCLUSIONS of child abuse incidents. Physical abuse cornpr~ses the maJor~ty of ni rep:lrted incidents in the region and sexual molestation revealed the The North County projects' staffs served over 1,000 victims of domestic greatest increase over a two-year ~r~od. Schcx;>l personnel are the violence during the 18-month period studied. Recurrent incidents of largest reporting source of abuse ~nc~dents. D~fferences between adult spouse assault in the same household were reduced during the projects' male and female abusers are apparent when thG type of abuse and the age n operations. In addition, more offenders were charged by the District of the child are considered. Attorney's Office. A variety of victims' needs were addressed either by the projects or by referrals to appropriate agencies. The results FINDINGS n of intervention in child abuse incidents are difficult to ascertain because of cumbersome record-keeping in the Department of Social 1. Between 1979 and 1980, increases occurred in child abuse reported Services (welfare). The North County projects as well as other similar by these sources: L'epartment of Social Services (59%) I Public: n programs in the region had a positive impact on victims and enhanced Health Department (48%), Regional Crisis Hotline (85%), San D~ego coordination with other service providers and system components (criminal Police Department (33%), University Hospital (13%)p North County justice, medical, health, schools). police agencies (5%). n FINDINGS 2. Law enforcement records indicate that sexual abuse showed the greatest increase (32%) over the two-year period. Physical abuse 1. A total of 1,123 victims/clients received services by NOrth County is the type of abuse most frequently reported by all agencies (57% ui projects from July 1979 through December 1980. Spouse assault of the study cases). "- victims comprised 41% of the total served, child abuse victims accounted for 50%, with the remaining 9% being victims of rape. , 3. In a 1981 telephone survey of 500 cit~zens ~n the re~ion, 37~ t·· 0 I stated that child abuse is a problem m the~r comnun~ty. '!tus 2. When two time periods were compared, data indicate that project 1 figure reflects an increase of 7% compared to 1979 survey r~su~ts: staff reduced the percentage of spouse assault cases with repeat , In Oceanside, a higher percentage of the responde~t~ (52%~ ~nd~ca~ed occurrences by 20%. I child abuse to be a problem (1981), compared to c~t~zens ~n other '::;" . areas. i I - 1 , <, \- .~: I 7 ~':1 6 "~ I I j \\ /' :::~~~~-;:-.~------.. -.----,--....".....~---.--'.------..,- .. < j---~-.--y.r------r-----:---::---~ ----.,.----.------'""".. ~.-.,....."...--:-~-- , - ~-.--- ---"'.... -~.'"-.---"--- ' ~ u 11 ISSUE 3: HAS THE RESPONSE BY TIlE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM CHAOOED AND II , which canplaints were filed u HCW CAN IT BE MORE EFFOCTIVE IN RESPCtIDING 'ID IXMESTIC VIOLENCE ,_h~ f spouse assault cases ln 3. The nWI~r 0 ed review of project records. SITUATIONS? increased by 6%, bas on a I f the clients surveyed indicated that ; o 4. Ninety-six percent (96%) 0 f th advised to seek help fran J CONCLUSIONS I project staff were h:lP~Ulted°thatO~ey did so. over a third (39%}i other agencies, 8~% lndlc~, roblems had been resolved. 'Ih~ ~ f] Actions taken by criminal justice personnel during the projects' oper of the clients sald that, elr p d may preclude total resolutlon ~ ents ations indicate an improved response to danest:i,c violence disturbances. wide range of victims/cll nee ~ More arrests were made by most North County police agencies, more cases within the scope of projects' servlces. I~ were referred for prosecution and the complaint/arrest ratio increased. , , ' " lice records who were also served The need for coordination with social service agencies to assist these 1 5. The proportion of vlctlms :~~ram 32% (EsCondido) to 62% (Ocean- victims has been recognized by both criminal justice and social service I by the projects' staff varl ' personnel. These changes may reflect corresponding attitudes that ' side) • perceive domestic violence as a serious crime with victims who have a I u ~ served were referred to other variety of needs. II 6. Approximately ha~f,of the cl~ents Referrals were primarily f~r agencies for addlt:onal sel"~~~; assistance (welfare~ ~d p:lvate Recognition of the significance of the criminal justice role in initial shelter, legal a~sl~t~ce, Pumber were not referred, lndlCa~lng n intervention efforts has just begun and must continue if victims are to counseling. A slgnlflcant n Id be through continued lnter- be effectively served. If police file written reports, the extent of that client needs were met, or wou , 1 this problem will be documented which will enhance social service action with project staff. [) intervention. Without charges filed by the prosecutor, an offender referred to Casa de Amparo by cannot be diverted to mandated counseling. A small number of offenders Of a sample of child abuse cas:~dren were in their own home six were referred through mandated diversion partially because procedures police agencies, 68% o~ the Chl 'n~rease of 17% from the time of for implementation of the diversion law are unclear. rronths after contact Wl th Casa, an 1 ~ 'J, the initial contact. Although nearly half of the police officers in the region have received , ' d' ated familiarity with the training concerning family disputes, police handling of these situations 8. North County service pro~lders ln lCcies in existence for longe: varies widely among agencies. A substantial number of officers ex services of the four proJects. A~enResource Center} and providlng pressed a need for additional training. periods (Casa de Amparo and women s 'el to receive referrals from a wide range of services w:re,mtoreflthikOS~ surveyed (99%) indicated u FINDINGS servlce, provl'd e. rs The maJorl, yo,h Id be contlnued. D that services by all proJects s ou 1. All North County police agencies, except Oceanside, reported rrore , ' cutors indicated that similar n arrests of spouse assault offenders during the first year of 9. A survey of San DlegO Clty pro~ ing victims' knowledge of the o projects' operations when compared to the prior year. projects have been helpful by ln~~:~~ support services such as criminal justice system and provl 1 2. North County referrals to the District Attorney for prosecution transportation. n U increased by 7% and the percentage of those arrested who were , tment of Social Services (DSS) charged with spouse-related assault increased by 6% when two time 10. Information was sought ln ~e Depar, but data were available periods were analyzed. on" 75 cases reported to pollce age~cleSI data sources at OSS. n on only 36 of thes: th~ou~h the ~~~~~% of the child abuse cases fJ 3. The complaint/ar.t'est ratio improved slightly as one of four persons Available informatlon lndlcates a elfare personnel on the same arrested was charged ,:or spouse assault prior to implementation of in police records were acted on by wI' One third (33%) of the projects and one of three was charged in the subsequent year. day as the cases were r~po:ted t~ePOr~~~·to social services prior u [1 .. 36 sample cases had an lncldent l'po agencies. TWenty-eight 4. North County police officer survey data indicated that, after to the case being reported to po lce Ited in the juvenile co~rt funding of projects, 8% more officers would always/often arrest a percent (28%) of ~e sample cas:~dres~ases of physical and sexual o spouse abuser. obtaining supervi~lon of the ~~ i~ court jurisdiction than neglect o abuse were more likely to res 5. The percentage of officers who indicated they would always/often enforce a Temporary Restraining Order increased from 7% to 16%. For the entire region, the range is fram 0 to 31% in 1981. .~ ~ , t 9 , . t I ~. ,~~~,--,------~,-~~-- / . , / ", " ' ----=---_ .. _----._- .~------. -~-----~------....- .. _._------_.,.", .. . 1 t ~ 1 '/ i If )/ Public awareness about the problem 6f spouse assault has increased J 6. Nearly 10% more officers noted that they always/often complete n alth?ugh findings suggest that m~y victims are reluctant to seek help. 1 written reports on spouse assault incidents. . u ~etv1ces for abused spouses consldered most important to be maintained j are shelter fran tl)e abuser, crisis intervention, and counseling. I 7. The percentage of officers who agreed that their department had 0 Increases resources should be ex:p:!nded for counseling for the abuser specific guidelines for handling of family violence situations u as a deterrent measure. increased by 15% in the second year (3415 to 49%). In regard to child abuse, specific factors,;;previously identified as 8. Prior to projects' implementation, 8% of the officers indicated n n obs~71es to effective interven~ion co~tinue to be problems, although that they had been trained in the area of family disputes. Two pos1t1ve changes have occurred 1n servlce delivery. The problems relate years later, the percentage was 37%. Regionwide, this varied from to inadequate follow-up information to service providers, insufficient o to 86% in 1981. D investi~ative ~d treatment resource~, unc~ear criteria for quality of B counselulg serv1ces, and 'poor parent1ng sk1lls. Service providers 9. A need for additional training was expressed by officers concernin9 suggested ways that these problems can be addressed to enhance service procedures related to spouse assault incidents. \{) U delivery to child abusing families. , 10. In 1981, social service providers were more likely to agree that ff FINDINGS police officers are adequately trained to identify child abuse (18% II vs. 11% in 1979). (I 0 Spouse Assault ll~ Forty-four percent (44%) of the service providers felt that negative 1. In a pre-post survey of service providers, there was a decrease in attitudes of criminal justice personnel toward domestic matters had 0 the proportion of respondents who said that services for battered not changed but 19% indicated that attitudes had improved. women are fragmented and poorly coordinated (decreasing from 74% to 50%) • , 12. A survey of prosecutors indicated that the victims' refusal to [J prosecute is the primary reason that social assault cases do not 2. Forty-four percent (44%) of the service providers indicated that reach final disposition. coordination between criminal justice agencies and service pro [J viders had improved. 13. The effectiveness of the diversion law mandating Q:>unseling for offenders charged with assault is unknown according to 67% of 3. Community awareness of spouse assault has increased according municipal court judges. In its first year of implementation only (J to 47% of the service providers. 33 individuals were referred for counseling. Judges indicated that D if diversion is enforced, it may be the most effective deterrent to 4. Forty-eight percent (48%) of the service providers indicated that " . recurrent spouse abuse incidents. no change has occurred in victims' unwillingness to seek help. The majority (87%) felt that the lack of awareness of corrmunity re 0 ! sources prevents n~y women from reporting beating incidents. , ISSUE 4: HAS SERVICE DELIVERY 'ill VICTIMS OF OOllffiSTIC VIOLENCE IMPROVED 5. Nearly half (49%) of the providers said minimal resources are ex AND WHAT FAC'lORS IN.FWENCETHE OOALI~l OF SERVICES? 0 pended on the abuser, e.g., counseling. I ARE FOR ISSUE 5: t'lliAT ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES Ma.,T EFFECTIVE SERVICE 6. When asked how resources should be expended 1 these services were ASSAULT VICTIMS AND RErocIm REPEl~T OE'PENSES? ) 0 ranked the highest: shelteJ:' for women and children (1), crisis intervention/referral (2), a:r'd counsel,ing for the abusing spouse (3) ., ),,, . COOCLUSIONS [l - ( Child Abuse The key to effective intervention in danestic violence cases'. is the recognition of the need for liaison between criminal justice cam~nents 1. OVer a thira (36%) of the service providers indicated that imple and social service providers. In the past two years, the allocat+on 8 mentation Ot the state, mandated, 24~hour Emergency Response System of federal funding to address the issue of .domestic violence has 0 has ~'proved service delivery to child abusing families. allowed these linkages to be developed. Agencies, whether serving battered women or child abusing families, provide more effective [J services when the scope of services addresses the diversity of victims' needs. Awareness of other agencies that can assist victims also enhances the effectiveness,of core service providers. o 11 10 I o "" ..r·:::..._ / }' U I 2. Improvement in community awareness about long range implications 5. OVer a ~ird o~ the cit~zens (38%) said that child abuse was a . '.~, B of child abuse was noted by 47% of the service providers. 8 problem ln the~rcorrmum_ty, a 7% increase over 1979 survey results. I n I~ N n f ! E· , . 12 n ~ o,~ 13 '._ .. _l '. ------...,....------~------,~------ 4' -.,,,,,,,,.,,,,,,,,,,,==~---. m 11 I ~ j .~ August 21, 1981 Susan J;'el}nell I 0 Director Criminal Justice Evaluation Unit Suite 524 Security Pacific Plaza 1200 Third Avenue I ~ San Diego, California 92101 1~ Dear Suzie and Staff: You are certainly to be highly commended on your extensive efforts put forth in this most comprehensive and significant report and analysis of domestic lru violence. It is rare that we as community agencies are able to examine our 1 efforts objectively through reports and be aware of how they relate to the j~ total impact throughout the County. "• What is most encouraging about the results of your report is that after years ,I of planning, developing and funding various individual programs for interven tion in domestic violence, the community is now operating in a supportive and In consequently very successful manner. Yes, there are still some problems with centralizing information and coordinating services but the awareness and per spective on the problems and solutions has been heightened. This is evident In both by the response of service providers and clients in the surveys and also by the significant gains in intervention and treatment as shown by the statis tics. The community agencies and W-:lfare Department alike have had to make many changes financially and programmatically over the past few years of this project, and many of us have felt frustrated and exhausted in ouc efforts to provide optimal service to families. Obviously both the individual and joint efforts and energies have proven to be the foundation of strength in the con tinuing process to minimize domestic violence in our county. " I hope that professionals will utilize this report as a basis for developing new programs to relieve problem areas and also to educate their staff on the total perspective of this issue in our communities. The staff at Casa de Amparo looks fo~ward to working closely in the future with all agencies involved in domestic violence. , . In closing, I would again like to give many thanks for your outstanding pre fessional efforts. n ,,' , 4070 MISSION ROAD. NO.219 • SAN LUIS REY, CALIFORNIA 92068 • (714) 757·1200 ,. . ' D ~. ' .. 1 / . [f 15 '\ d ~ . " . ~ '. Preceding page blank --...,.,.----,----- -... ~ "Serving PEOPLE of all ages in North San Diego County" u omen's Resource Center n o ESCONDIDO YOUTH ENCOUNTER, INC. 4070 Mission Avenue a San Luis Rey • California 92068 • (714) 757-3500 • 24 Hours 511 E. Grand Ave. Escondido, CA 92025 0 Telephone (714) 747-6281 [J August 6, 1981 n l August 25, 1981 u Susan Pennell [J San Diego Association of Governments Susan Pennell Criminal Justice Evaluation Unit San Diego Association of Governments r( U Suite 524, Security Pacific Plaza 1200 Third Avenue L 1200 Third Avenue Suite 524 San Diego, CA 92101 San Diego CA 92101 il Dear Ms. Pennell: 0 I I '1, Dear Susie, The Escondido Youth Encounter, Inc., (EYE) as mentioned in j 0 the IIEvaluation of Domestic Violence in the San Diego Region ll fl offered services for victiQS of Domestic Violence in Escondido, I I would like to commend you and your staff for final report a city located in North San Diego County. These services on domestic violence in North San Diego County, were one of two pilot programs funded by LEAA that offered n ~ 0 assault victims 24 hour services including crisis intervention, The information in your report is enlightening and should counseling, information, referral, and advocacy. The programs, help provide focus as to what services nee~ to be expanded upon termination of their funding in Fiscal Year 1981, were and created for victims of social assault. ,t 0 combined as Crisis Support Services, and have received grants/ I 0 ~ monies from the City of Escondido, the State of California I ~ I appreciate your efforTs! .~ 0 (OCJP). and Unit€d Way. I J u The expansion and institutionalization of the EYE victim services were attributable to community support and coordina- Sincerely, tion with criminal justice agencies. This issue was Q,ddressed j 0 in IIWhat Organizational Structures are most Effective for fl Responding to the Needs of Assault Victims and Reducing Repeat " . 0 Offenses? II I Issues 5 Summary, as part of your evaluation. Marva Bledsoe Chriss In the summary, you mention coordination with criminal justice EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 0 agencies was a factor in providing effective services. I strongly agree, that factor has taken a small pilot program MBC/mc o of a mul'ti-service agency and enabled us to secure funding 0 \' '. for an expanded progranc. The success of our Crisis Support Services, however, I feel was not emphasized enough in the evaluation and seemed to be consistently compared to larger g o established programs that solely deal with assault victims. For instance, if the public in the Escondido area had been asked about the EYE programs in general, or client statistics , o were compared overall, I believe the comparison would have been g 0 more positive. [J , L. ,. U , . .. 17 16 n " G ~ =;====-='.--=-=-~~~-=~--=""""'"" ----~-==-======--====.'"""'==.... ==-""~ PI' ilq If u Ii II Illl,., August 6, 1981 IId Ii Susan Pennell I !ll1 I, San Diego Association of Governments, o II 1 OFFICE OF THE CITY MANAGER Criminal Justice Evaluation Unit I!,I Suite 524, Security Pacific plaza II H 1200 Third Avenue o o I' San Diego, CA 92101 August 27, 1981 Ii IIn o )1 o If Crisis Support Services have become on'~ of the EYE IS maj or ~l programs and we are looking to secure additional funding for o Ms. Susan Pennell p housing and diversion services. Both services are needed u Director d to complete a ·.comprehensi ve package for victims of Domestic Criminal Justice Evaluation Unit I!P Violence in North San Diego County. d j 0 San Diego Association of Governments \I u 1200 Third Avenue r{ The staff of the EYE and I would like to express our deep San Diego, California 92101 IJ appreciation for your efforts and look forward to continued 1.1 ',,1 II cooperation in the future. ~ Dear MS. Pennell: 11 i l.'I Respectfully submitted, This is in response to your letter of July 24, 1981 requesting comment on U .1 ~ your draft "Evaluation of Domestic Violence in the San Diego Region" report. H ;1 !i! o jl c;5d~:-crr~;?> II We have completed our review of your above referenced report and commend (! Carole Yardley '--- U you for doing an excellent job on the document. We have chosen to utilize Executive Director l! o your evaluation survey so that we can continue to assess the performance \ of our Victim Aid Program here locally. { CY/tg '1 We have no further comment on the report. 1! ! 11 l Ver'; truly yours, II J d j Ii ~~ If u Assistant to City Manager, 11 Intergovernmental & Community Relations Ij 1 h 01 o IJ TWA:sw .! ·1 o I t 'II ;i .. I .' i t' .. o ~ , ' i o I" t, '! \ .\ o fl . , , . CIVIC CENTER • 321 NORTH NEVAQA • OCEANSIDE. CA 82054 • TELEPHONE 714-439-7300 ~ { 18 19 I -<"'j ':" u :1 j n J ~_f) ~~.,...-__== ....",, __ ~_,...... _____",~_, ,,» j I . ,_,_ 7 •• ~ ~ _, "~._.~. ( "-" i: 1 ...: . ~ .. " '. ,. ---, ...... ~----"~'"~-~~-~---~".~."-.. I I: Incidence, Prevalence, and [ Nature of Domestic Violence [ o ISSUE 1: WHAT IS THE INCIDENCE, PREVALENCE, AND NATURE OF IXl1ESTIC [ o VIOLENCE IN THE SAN DIEm REGION? o SUMMARY Spouse Assault . I 0 Review of law enforcement records in North County indicates that ap : U"1 proximately 17% of all reported assaults are spouse related. However, 1 findings indicate that such disturbances are more widespread than 't' l " 0 official police records indicate. Comparison of two years reveals a m'1 6% increase in spouse-related assaults. i Additional indicators of the occurrence of spouse assault reveal the i\ t : i [J significance of this problem in this region. Examir.ation of written nU crime reports showed that a majority of victims sustained injuries and '-...... ,,~ the primary weapon(s) involved were hands and/or feet. Also, indi o viduals requesting shelter or protection from the batterer are likely 01 to have minimal alternative resources available (e.g., not employed). o Child Abuse o A variety of in,dicators reflect that reported incidence of child abuse has increased over the past two years. It is not clear whether the o increase is due to more actual occurrences or increased awareness o which contributes to the likelihood of reporting. The metropolitan regional area of San Diego reflects the highest concentration of abuse CHAPTER 1 o incidents compared to other areas. Sexual molestation is the type of o abuse showing the greatest increase and physical abuse accounts for the INCIDENCE, PREVALENCE, AND ~\lATURE majority of incidents reported. School personnel report the highest percentage of incidents, but reporting sources vary according to the OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE o type of abuse. When age and sex of the child are considered, adult o male and female abusers differ as to the extent and nature of abuse. , ,I,: 0" o· DISCUSSION OF SPOUSE ASSAULT Although awareness about the problem of battered women has increased, there has not been a corresponding effort by criminal justice agencies o to account for the incidence of violent crime between spouses. (This is not true of reported child abuse cases for which legislation mandates recording. ) Law enforcement agencies document reported crimes by type o (assault, burglary, robbery) and degree of seriousness (felony/mis deme&~or). Since crimes are not categorized by relationship between U , I' 23 pr~ceding page blank .. I Preceding page blank -----~------ '·~·~'''''~'''''.·h'''''' _____ '''''''' , I: r~ 1; u II p I: victim and offender, obtaining data on spouse-related incidents re ij ported to police agencies is a tirne-consmning task. lj u TABLE 1 I' IiI! First year evaluation efforts focused on North County and data were REroRl'ED SroUSE-REIATED ASSAULTS, BY POLICE AGENCY rP manually collected from dispatch logs and crime cases. Information JULY-JUNE, 1978-79 (TIME 1); 1979-80 (TIME 2) d included reported incidence over a two-year pericxl. During the second o j: iiil year, evaluation efforts expanded and included data from three ot..her ii police agencies. o o Time 1 Time 2 % Change l For evaluation purp::>ses, spouse assault was defined as those situations Carlsbad 20 25 +25% in which wcmEn are batteredjbeaten/assaulted/abused and assume the role Escondido 78 44 -44% of wife in household relationships whether or not they are married n o Oceanside 172 168 ':" 2% (Roy, 1977). Sheriff 88 141 +60% The focus is on female victims although the existence of male assault Total 358 378 + 6% victims is recogniz,ed. 'Ibis emfhasis was chosen because reported n o occurrences more frequently involve female victims and the funded projects direct services to women. Data collected on reported inci [l I [1 TABLE 2 dents reveal that 6% of the spouse assault victims were male. I j PERCENTAGE OF REPORl'ED ASSAULTS THAT ARE SPOUSE-RFLATED, BY AGENcY, Specific charges addressed included assault and batter}', assault with a , TIME 1 AND TIME 2 deadly weapon, felony wife beating, attempted murder, and murder. o 0 Evaluation staff had intended to also review cases classified as family TIME 1 TIME 2 disturbance, or 415 of the California Penal Code. However, after ex Percent Percent amining some radio dispatch logs, it was determined that few of these Q b~ U Total Spouse Total Spouse result in written reports and, if physical abuse occurred, such cases Assaults' . Related Assaults Related were likely to be classified in one of the above categories. Data were collected on the follow~ng variaoles: [J Carlsbad 135 15% 138 18% Escondido 337 23% 275 16% 1. frequency of spouse assault Oceanside 976 18% 931 18% 2. seriousness of offense(s) Sheriff 753 12% 913 15% 3. sex of victim [J 4. number of repeat cases 'Ibtal 2,201 16% 2,257 17% 5. occurrence of injury 6. need for medical attention [J 7. type of weapon involved o , Overall, reported spo~sal assaults increased by 6% fram the first 8. use of alcohol ,I' year (1978-79). The slight increase should not be interpreted as a 9. place of occurrence result of ~r: assaults being cammitted. A likely explanation is 10. living arrangement of involved parties n 0 that more lncldents were reported to the police and more reports were 11. time of day reported completed by law enfo~cement. Pre- and post-surveys of police officers revealed that officers indicated they were filing more spouse assault Table 1 presents changes in reported incidence of spouse assaults in o 0 reports during the second year (see page 75). the North County police agencies and Table 2 shows the proportion of spouse·-related assaults to the total assaults reported. Time periods Two agencies showed decreases in reported spouse assaults. Escon included 2 years, July-Jw1e 1978-79 (Time 1) and July-June 1979-80 dido's change was conslderaqle '(-44%). S~nce that department imple (Time 2). fJ 0' mented a new computerized recordkeeping system in July 1979, the statistics may be misleading. Oceanside experienced only a slight ~e~rease (2%). 'Ibese agencies also showed reductions in total assaults o n 111 the second year. The percentage of assaults that were spouse related ranged fram 15% 0 (Sheriff's jurisdiction) to 18% (Carlsbad and Oceanside) with an . " n /' '. 24 25 ,. " 0 ·~----,#----,~!f~------~'---.~~,------I .~ , ,'" ~J _·rtr;k-"~ --- .t{~" U '::1!m .. average of 17% when agency reports were totaled. Repeat occurrences Data Fran Service Providers. Addi tional data on spouse ~use incidence decreased slightly with 7% of the total reported in the first year 0 0 were collected fran two major service providers in the region. Battered reflecting recurrent behavior and 6% in tbe second year. Women's Services and WOmen's Resource Center provide 24-hour hotlines, "walk-in" crisis intervention, and shelter for battered wives. The Additional Indicators of Spouse Abuse Incidence 0 0 tables below illustrate that the number of calls and individuals provided services have increased over a three-year period. Since statistics regarding spouse abuse are not mandated, figures reflecting reported incidence are likely to be underestimates of actual [l occurrences. This finding is supported by surveys of policemen, review 0 TABLE 3 of family disturbance calls in three police departments, reports of If ~ wife abuse to agencies serving battered women, responses by other [J NUMBER OF PERSONS PROVIDED SERVICE I service providers, and a survey of citizens. 0 WCMEN'S RESOURCE CENl'ER I 1 Analysis revealed that the number of calls for service significantly % Change t. exceed the actual number of reports taken. In jurisdictions that (] [1 1978 1979 1980 1978-1980 i identify radio calls by type, family disturbance calls may be a more I accurate indicator of actual incidents known to the police. In a Hotline Calls 89 191 276 +210% I survey of 360 police officers in the San Diego region, this question fJ 0 Walk-in Clients 207 300 423 +104% ! was asked: "Estimating, for every 20 calls to a family disturbance, ~ for how many calls do you write crime/incident re1X>rts?" Thirteen ! percent (13%) indicated they do not write reports and 70% said they TABLE 4 write from one to four reports. fJ 0 NUMBER OF PERSONS PROVIDED SERVICE I ., • A two-month study of calls dispatched from the San Diego Police De BATTERED WCMEN' S SERVICES I partment sho~~ 620 calls were dispatched to family disturbm1ces in two 0 [J % Change ~ areas of the City and reports were taken on 8% of these. FY78-79 FY79~80 FY80-81 78-79/80-81 Additional information about domestic violence in the City of San Diego n [J Hotline Calls 1,578 If901 2,092 +33% includes: n Adults Given I ~ Shelter 104 130 150 +44% j o In 1980, 20% of the homicides were spouse-related. 0 [] Drop-in Clients 233 495 474 +103% o A two-month study of calls for service dispatched to "disturbances" in the northern and southeastern areas of the City revealed that In a survey of 94 service providers from various agencies, 66% agreed l- 39% of the calls (1,597) were spouse-related. n . [1 that more spouse assault incidents have been reported due to increased I " awareness by the public. TWenty-nine percent (29%) indicated that I Chula Vista Police Department. An in-house review of domestic violence actual incidence has increased. calls was conducted by n Chula Vista police sergeant. Data were [j compiled from dispatch logs for a one-year period, from September 1979 0 Regionwide Requests for Services - Spouse Abuse I through August 1980. The following information was tabulated: f] During the months of October through December, 1980, Battered WOmen's o TOtal family disturbance calls - 1,158 0 Services recorded requests for services by San Diego subregional areas. I o :rcentage of calls that were repeat incidents - 26% Services addressed included hotline calls, shelter facilities, and o Type of call of first time contacts: [I- counseling/support groups. Figures 1 and 2 indicate that, although physical assault - 381 (44%) 0 hotline calls were received from nearly all areas, the majority of disturbance/argl~nt only - 478 (56%) '- residents provided shelter lived in Central San Diego, Mid-City, ru1d o Crime reports were completed in 10% of the total calls received. El Cajon. Most of the individuals participating in support groups f I lived in these areas as well as the coastal region and Spring Valley National City Police Department. From July 1979 through August 1980, 0 (Figure 3). Other ?;reas revealing a high pro1X>rtion of requests the National City Police Department received 6,883 disturbance (415 included Kearny Mesa, Elliot-Navajo, National City, and Southeast San P. C.) calls. Of these, 15% were family related. When reports of r -I: Diego. These data indicate that the problem of spouse assault, al assault were examined over a five-month period, analysis revealed that 0 Ll though concentrated in particular areas of the county, 1S evwent 30% of the assaults were dauestic in nature. No data was collected on throughout the region. the number of incidents in which a report was written. [j n I /" ' . n ", ,I D 27 I ~ ..". ___...-..-.-.~_,,_.' . - .' . :'~.'... -; . j II1l IU [] [J o 45 46 46 FALLBROOK 45 LJ PENDLETON FALLBROOK PENDLETON u D I\., D u (, .) u o [] o 40 40 ESCONDIDO ESCONDIDO [J o [J 39 39, o RAMONA RAMONA o o )' o [] d o o LEGEND o LEGEND Number of Calls Number of Residents '.. ".1, o I, o 1-10 o 1-5 ~. 11-20 III 10-20 II 21-40 o 'II 21-27 o II 41-94 ,.".' o FIGURE 2 II' SHELTER RESIDENTS FIGURE 1 BY SUBREGIONAL AREA HOTLINE CALLS BY SUBREGIONAL AREA o CASA DE PAZ I I, OCT. """" DEC. 1980 BATTERED WOMEN'S SERVICES SOUTH BAY o OCT. - DEC. 1980 N = 164 qNCLUDES CHILDREN) N =533 28 29 - ---~------~-- - ~------~-- fA ~ U The incidence that is reported, the indicators of non-reporting (no n written reports), the percentage of disturbance radio calls that are family-related, and the data compiled by the agencies providing service lJ to abused women indicate that the problem of spouse abuse is evident throughout the region and requires considerable time by law enforcement I 0 agencies. In addition, a survey of 502 citizens of the region indi 45 46 PENDLETON FALLBROOK U cated that 32% of those interviewed said they thought wife beating was a [] problem in their corrmunity. ." . u NATURE OF SroUSE ASSAULT IOCIDENTS [l The following data present characteristics regarding 736 spouse assault incidents reported to &~rth County police agencies over a two-year () u (J period. u Seriousness of Crime Misdemeanors constituted the majority of offenses (78%) while twenty [J two percent (22%) of the reported assaults were classified as felonies by reporting officers. These felonies included assault with a deadly U weapon, wife beating, and attempted murder. The percentage of spouse 40 [] ESCONDIDO assaults that were felonies ranged from 12% in Escondido to 24% in Oceanside and the Sheriff's jurisdiction. Whether this difference n actually reflects more serious crimes in these areas or differential methods for classifying crimes is not known. 'I• o \~ D Assault Cases With InjuEY ~ RAMONA [J Figure 4 shows that of 724 incidents, injury was n.oted by the officer n at the.ti~ the report was taken in 75% of the cases. In addition, 152 () of the victims required medical attention. This includes treatment by o paramedics and/or hospitalization. 0 The majority of injuries resulted from slapping, punching, kicking, arm-twisting, hair pulling, and thrown objects. Injuries requiring o medical attention we£e primarily lacerations, bruises and a few more ~ . 0 serious injuries such as broken bones, internal contusions and having I o the teeth knocked out. LEGEND Similar findings were revealed in the National Victimization Survey which correlated the extent of injury with the nature of the relation o ship between the victim and the suspected offender. The study indicated Number of Persons that the likelihood of sustaining injury apppeared to increase the more " D 1-10 O· intimate the victimroffender relationship. fIl 11-20 !Yfe of Weapon Used 21~58 As Figure 5 illustrates, the majority of assaults involved use of arms II o and feet, perhaps accounting for the finding that 78% of the crtmes were classified as misdemeanors. Eight percent (8%) of the offl:i1ses involved the use of a gun or knife. In the National Crime Survey, FiGURE 3 o firearms were used in 9% of the spouse assault cases and no weapon was BATTERED WOMEN'S SERVICES cited in 65% of the cases. (BY SUBREGIONAL AREA) NUMBER OF PERSONS o ; PARTICIPATING'IN SUPPORT GROUPS OCT. - DEC., 1980 31 1 • N =337 ! n '/1 .. " .... 30 ----,....-_. __ ._--_ -".~'~-.. ~~~*~-.--<" ._-" -.~-.- ~ 4 -~~.,-~ -~-~.J"""'~'-r'"'-_-.-,-,-~-,"--~,-~" >i..,~.-- '\:t" .... ~ ij, -;-'-".. , ---' ... ,.--,.- -. - .. ,.'--.- ,,------.------ 'J U] u ~.< FIGURE 6 FIGURE 4 o , 0 TIME OF DAY OF SPOUSE ASSAULTS SPOUSE ASSAULT INCIDENTS WiTH i N =720 INJURY REQUIRING MEDICAL ATTENTION Q N=724 o 1 o ,1 0 u o 45% 5:00 p.m. to 12:00 Midnite 75% with Injury 27% u o 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m . 28% Required Medical Treatment . ,,1 0 o \, CJ-6 CJ-4 n o " o • D FIGURE7 n ,I 0 PLACE OF OCURRENCE OF SPOUSE ASSAULTS FIGURE 5 N =686 TYPE OF WEAPON USED IN SPOUSE ASSAULT l~ N=741 ~ G 1,.. . [j 0 45% Mufti-Family Dwelling I Household Object a I 5% Other (Includes Vehicles, Toola, J 5% Wires, Rocks), n o ! n [I 82~% Hands/Feet U· 28% Single Ftlmily Dwelling n 73% In or Near Home CJ-7 CJ-S o o Of o I' j , o 0·' o ol ,, '~.~, -1 U }1 33 0. '. - , I I' .'- I .""... _= ...... -M------/L /, o , - "' u ...._ ... __, ... ,.-"-.. ---.------~-,-~ '~ U r ~ ~ Use of Alcohol D 0 Socio-Qemographic Characteristics of Abused Women Alcohol use/abuse has been cited as a cont~ibuting factor in domestic Socio-demographic data were gathered on \IOllen who resided in the violence acts. Review of North County cases revealed that 2?% of t~e [] shelter facility, Casa de Paz, during 1980. Figures 8 - 13 provide a incidents involved some use of alcohol. This may be a low f~gure s7nce U breakdown according to various categories. These should not be inter a case was included only if alcohol use was noted ~y the pollce offlcer I preted as representative characteristics of all battered women. '!he on the crime report. '!he Criminal Justice Center ln Houston, Texas con majority of women who seek shelter have exhausted alternative resources, ducted a survey of 682 citizens regarding domestic violez;ce.and found D, [J such as friends and/or relatives and have minimal financial resources ' that alcohol was involved in nearly half of the assault lncldents~ to seek other shelter, i.e., motels. Highlights of the figures include:, (Stachura and Teske, 1979) In the present study~ of those cases In volving alcohol, ti1e primary user was the offendlng spouse. o More than half of the residents (63%) were married at the time they U j fJ sought shelter. Time of Occurrence Ij o Nearly a third of the clients (32%) indicated that they were high I Nearly half of rep:Jrted S~.,>_use assault~ (45%) <;>ccurred beb.'een 5:00 U school gr.aduates, 43% did not finish high school, and 22% had from n 1 - 3 years of college. P.M. and midnight (Figure vJ. '!he Natlonal Crl.Il1e Survey Y7eld~ . I ; similar results (48% of spouse assaults occurred between flve 0 clock and midnight). Their examination of violent crimes betweez: s~rangers n u o Eighty-nine percent (89%) of the women indicated their monthly indicated that the majority occur dud... ·1g the day. Th~se ~lndlngs are I household income was below $1,000. Public assistance funds were j the primary source of income for 40% of the clients. not surprising since family members spend most of thelr tlffie together ! in the evenings, thus the opportunity for conflict is greater (Lentzner and DeBerry, 1980). n n o '!he majority of shelter residents (63%) were between the ages of 18 and 30 and one-third (33%) were between 31 and 40. Place of Occurrence n I u o Analysis of ethnic breakdown of residents revealed that 59% were '!he majority of incidents (73%) took place either.in or near :esidences white, 16% were Black and 14% were Hispanic. The -remaining 11% included Asians, Filipinos, and ,American Indians. (Figure 7). Twenty-seven percent (27%) occurred In bars, vehlCles, or I other places such as friends' homes. 0 n n u 1 n 1 g ;:r"; :~, i 0 0 i I 0 0 I n Q' I n ..;' u 0 j .. t l I I n o ) 1 0 o I' 34 ., I' "~I 35 - a D n Il __ :i ~! ---~--,--...... - ~---:----- ...... -.m: ,! . '" .- .- ~---- FIGURE 11 FIGURE 8 SHELTER RESIDENTS BY AGE SHELTER RESIDENTS BY MARITAL STATUS CASA DE PAZ, 1980 CASA DE PAZ, 1980 70 70 63% N = 153 N = 153 60 60 50 50 - ~.... 40 -~ c 33% .... 40 8 C ... 30 aJ aJ ...to) 30 Q. aJ Q. 20 20 10 4% 10 2% 0 18-29 30-40 Over 40 0 CJ-11 Married Cohabiting Divorced Separated Single CJ-B FIGURE 12 SHELTER RESIDENTS BY ETHNICITY i FIGURE 9 CASA DE PAZ, 1980 SHELTER RESIDENTS BY EDUCATIONAL LEVEL 60 CASA DE PAZ, 1980 N = 153 I 50~------'-----'--' 50 43% N = 152 I ~ 40 ....c aJ 30 I ...to) aJ I Q. 20 Ir. ~ 10 l - 10 ,3% t 0'-- 0 Did Not High School 1-3 Years Morll~ Than Hispanic Black Other I Finish Graduate College 3 Years (American Indian, Co;lIege ti High School CJ-9 Asian, Filipino) CJ-12 FIGURE 10 FIGURE 13 SHELTER RESIDENTS BY MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD I~COME SHELTER RESIDENTS BY SOURCE OF INCOME CASA DE PAZ, 1980 CASA DE PAZ, 1980 ' ! 60 50 N = 153 N = 150 51% 40% r,~ 50 40 ~ 40 "'".... 30 1 ~ C aJ .... to) c ... 18% 1 aJ 30 aJ 20 ...to) Q. I aJ Q. 10 20 ./ \, -. i 5% 1\ 0 '! 10 1 Full/Part-time Unemployment Social Public Spouse's' I Employment Insurance Security Assistance Income 0 Over " CJ-13 Less Than $450 $450-$999 $1000-$1500 CJ-10 I ' .,1 37 36 ~IT ------..,------~------ -'-' -<.-....-.-~-----~----,~- u f~' CHILD ABUSE 0 0 TABLE 6 Several data sources were examined to determine if the incidence of REOORTED CHILD ABUSE, NORTH COUNTY POLICE AGENCIES child abuse has increased. '!he term, "child abuse", is used in the JULy - JUNE: 1978-79, 1979-80 generic sense to encanpass all forms of child maltreatment. Table 5 0 D shows cases reported to various agencies over a three-year period. Until ,January, 1981, stab~ law required persons who suspect abuse to report to both law enforcement and welfare, so it is difficult to 0 discern how many of the same cases are within both systems. n TABLE 5 n 0 REFERRALS FOR CHILD ABUSE f' REGIONWIDE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE AGENCIES 0 u I 1978-1980 ! TABLE 7 ' ~ .\\ n % Change 0 REOORTED CHILD ABUSE BY TYPE Agency 1978 1980 1979-80 1979 t NORTH COUNTY POLICE AGENCIES JULY-JUNE: 1978-79, 1979-80 Deparb.nent of Social Services (Welfare) 6,212 8,217 13,082* +59% n 0 ,[, public Health Department,1~* 246 322 +48% 475 1978-79 child abuse admissions 0 1979-80 % Change 0 IJ Physical 200 Regional Crisis Hotline 137 186 345*** +85% 215 + 8% [J Neglect 126 112 -11% l Sexual 44 58 San Diego Fblice Department 2,240 2,367 3,138 +33% n +32% Other* 48 53 +10% University Hospital 150 160 180 +13% n 0 'lbtal 418 438 + 5% ( *Other includes psychological or medical neglect and various combinations *In 'October, 1980, this department changed recording procedures to of all types. account for all members of a family in which an abuse occurred so 0 0 the increase may be partly due to this change. '!he category of sexual abuse shows the largest increase, although the **Analysis of the three years indicates that from 25-30% of all admissions 1M a D are in North County. percentage is affected by smaller numbers (Table 7). 'Ibis is consistent with calls to the Emergency Response System and survey answers by ***From March to July, 1980, the hotline provided a back-up service to service providers. Physical abuse accounts for nearly half of all the state-mandated Emergency Response System for abusing families. fi 0 reported abuse (48% in Time 1, 49% in the l1ext year), followed by neglect, sexual and j10theril types of abuse (Table 7). 0' U Survey Results Regarding Child~use Incidence Tables 6 and 7 reflect child abuse incidents reported to police agencies .,,; in North County. These figures were canpiled ti)rough a manual s!=~rch of incident refX)rts filed in these agencies. It is likely that these -, A telephone survey of 502 San Diego County citizens suggests that 0 0 actual incidence of ch;i.ld abuse has increased. When asked if child do not reflect all cases. 'Some reports are directed to juvenile units, m , I or handled informally, and a crime/incident report is not completed abuse was a problem in' their canmunity, 37% of the citizens indicated that it was a problem. '!his is an increase of 7% compared to results Also, ~e data presented jnclude suspecteclchild abuse by family members and relatives or adult_s living in the household, not abuse by fi D of the survey conducted" in 1979. In Oceanside, in 1981, 52% of the non-f mily members. J;:'espondents said it was:f1 problem, a higher proportion than 9 ! ',;\ ';. ... ~\ \' ~ D 1: n , 39 <" r\\!t ~-~. ~.:~ o . J ------~---- -~--~ ----~---- ~.~ " 1{{ljijU u II in other areas. Also, 9% of North County citizens said they knew a TABLE 9 victim of child abuse, a slight increase from 1979 (7%). Although it u n is not a reliable indicator for current abuse, 7% of the respondents rAW ENFORCEMENI' CHILD ABUSE REPORTS, BY REroRI'ING SOURCE, ! indicated that in their family someone had been a victim of abuse as a BY TYPE OF ABUSE, JULy - JUNE, 1978-1980 ~ child. 0 o o Survey responses of service providers in several public and private Source Physical Neglect Sexual Other* Total I agencies which handle child abusing families also indicated in D ! creases in child abuse (118 respondents): n victim 21 4 13 5 43 Ii Relative 71 (18%) 26 41 (44%) 19 157 : II Ninety-six percent (96%) of the respondents agreed that re o Neighbor 30 45 (19%) 3 11 89 porting of child abuse cases has increased as a result of n Agency 45 23 9 11 88 V increased awareness by the public and professionals mandated to School 125 (31% ) 26 14 20 185 (23%) t report abuse. Hospital 59 22 7 11 99 t B Other** 53 64 (30%) 6 15 138 A smaller percentage (54%) agreed that actual incidence has u f increased over the past year. U 'IDI'AL 404 210 93 92 799 ! Table 8 shows opinions regarding changes over the past year in n the nature of reported incidents. Sexual molestation shows the *Other type of abuse includes psychological, medical, and combinations greatest increase (77%) followed by physical abuse and neglect. JU of physical, neglect and sexual. n l **"Other" source includes anonymous calls, reports from motels, land "• lords, babysitters, and situations in which police responded to a call TABLE 8 fl o other. than abuse but discovered abuse had occurred. SERVICES PROVIDERS SURVEY, CHANGES IN REPORI'ED CHILD ABUSE BY TYPE, COOPARED TO PRIOR YEAR D n j School personnel are the largest reporting source when accounting for all types of abuse. However, physical abuse is more likely to be re N=118 4',;,' 0 ported by schools (31%) and relatives (18%). In addition, neglect is more likely to be reported by "other" sources (30%) and neighbors Percentage of Responses n ,~ 1 Increased Decreased Same (19%). Relatives report the majority of sexual abuse cases (44%). Physical Abuse 56% 5% 39% o Summation of all reported cases showed only slight differences in Neglect 62% 2% 36% n reporting sources bebJeen the two years as" shown in Table 10. Sexual Molestation 77% o 23% Emotional Deprivation 54% 2% 44% [J 'n . Child Abuse Reporting Sources U u Examination of reported abuse by reporting source shows several indi viduals and agencies report abuse. ~ o· " ~ B ~ ~ n ", 'M u , \ ' - I I ,.~ 40 41 D , . I." ------ " _"'~ "7'C ,.~ .. ,- U t ~ TABLE 10 ("Other" includes parent under emotional stress, mental or emotional 0 n abuse, requests for out-of-home placements, emotionally disturbed CHILD ABUSE REPORTING SOURCE, children, and reqt,lests by medical personnel for permission to treat ALL TYPES OF ABUSE, 1978-79; 1979-80 a minor whose patents are unavailable.) ;j [1 1 0 o Geographic area of calls: Reporting Source 1978-79 1979-80 Metropolitan - 31% Schools 23% 23% n n East - 22% j Relatives 21% 18% South - 18% \ Others 18% 16% North - 12% Agencies* 13% 9% n u Unknown - 17% ! Hospitals 11% 13% Neighbors 10% 13% o Calls by time of day: Victim 3% 7% U I B I 5 p.m. - 12 p.m • - 67% r *Agencies included County public Health, Casa de Amparo, Escondido 12 a.m. - 8 a.m. - 4% Youth Encounter, Boys' Club, Project Oz, daycare centers, and fJ 8 p.m. - 5 p.m. (weekends) - 29% I nurseries. n o Source of referral t ,t Changes in the reporting law revised by Senate Bill 781, effective n fJ Calls were received primarily from absent parents, neighbors, January 1, 1981, expand the kind of personnel required to report child physicians, relatives, and victims. abuse incidents, e.g., child care custodians, medical practitioners. This change is expected to increase the number of incidents reported in U n' CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILD ABUSE INCIDENTS subsequent years. When child abuse is analyzed in terms of sex and age of the child, Emergency Response System type of abuse, and sex of the abuser, significant differences are 0 u noted. It is apparent from Figure 14 that girls are more likely to The San Diego County Department of Social Services (DSS) initiated the be sexually abused than boys, with girls accounting for 77% of the Emergency Response System to meet state requirements to provide "after sex-related cases. In contrast, boys and girls experience physical hours" crisis intervention to child-abusing/at-risk families. 'Ihree n abuse and neglect at almost equal rates. 0 I person teams working on a rotating basis were drawn from a pool of social workers who volunteered to respond to calls. The following data Figure 15 indicates that adult females are more likely to be respon provided by r:ss include information on calls received from the program's 0 sible for neglect of children (76% of the cases) whereas male abusers inception in March of 1980 through March of 1981. The "after-hours" n account for the majority of sexual abuse cases (94%). In addition, social service nature of this program may account for the kinds of male abusers are generally the suspect in cases involving older children, abuse reported and reporting sources. Therefore, these data differ regardless of sex of the child, and females tend to abuse younger from reports to law enforcement. 0 D children (See Figure 17). o TOtal after-hour calls received was 3,158 with an average of 263 calls per month. 0 n o Kinds of referrals: u o· intentional deprivation - .5% "- sexual abuse - 4.5% physical abuse - 23% g general neglect - 24% 0 other - 48% 0 n ~ .: 0 n , ~ 43 0 '-"'" I --__~_J"'_ ...... "...... ___ ~. ". . ". , , u 1~ , , FIGURE 14 n FIGURE 16 TYPE OF ABUSE BY SEX OF CHILD ~ CHILD ABUSE CASES BY TYPE OF ABUSE BY AGE 1981 1981 ' u 80 o ~Children 6 and Under 70 DChildren 7 to 10 69% ,n IlmmmlljJChildren 11 and Over 48% 48% o 1J 60 77% III B 81 50 IJ ....tJ N=399 i 0 n ~ 40 DGirls .a lJ c f221 Boys ...5 n &. 30 'f '1 ,i n :1 20 ,i n i Physical Neglect Sexual ! .j :1 N=204 105 57 , " CJ-14 o 10 ,I, "'-'..... ! u }-j 5! I ii II 0 I II ! 0 Sexual i ,I N =55 'I FIGURE 15 jO CJ-16 ;1 t CHILD ABUSE CASES BY TYPE OF ABUSE AND SEX OF ABUSER n i il'I 1981 ';1 f1 I ~ f H (J I, 0 n I ,,I, .0 "I 0 [1' Abusers e ~Male " f] o Female e , [J ~. .;; Physical Neglect , Sexual D.' N = 177 N =78 N =54 [1 (,.1-15 n I f, 45 ~ [] 44 0 " ... -----...... , ,'--' ~ ~--,.. ---- ~~---~ ~ - ~ . I~'--- 4.';ct; ; I n "~~ ...... -~--,, "'''~'1:!:;::::::;;~~~,....,.,.. ... ,.~ _._ • u \ I I FIGURE 17 0 t1 ill CHILD ABUSE CASES BY SEX OF ABUSER AND SEX AND AGE OF CHILD 1981 o Male Abuser 0 \1 ffi f21 Female Abuser ,;.' I U ~ 33% . 38% 32% 75% 71% 0 ~ MI J 0 ~ n , . l~ j p " fil .. J UJ r''.1 jll Boys Girls Boys Girls Beys Girls , ... i \. ... i ... i j 6 alid Under 7-10 " 11 and Over 0 U N=170 N=66 N=99 CJ-17 U lu n o \ B D . CHAPTER 2 n o PROJECTS' IMPACT n o· g .. o n o 0 u o ,~ t c , . U '" ~ .---.-.,.---:-,-::--,""":-~ ...,...... _---...... ,... '_' r~1'? :""\-f + ,:,.;, " , .. ~ " .'"_ . .s~;" ,:i"/ ,. ; " Projects' Impact Ii Ii ISSUE 2: Hrn DID WE PROOECTS IMPACT mE PROCESS BY WHICH VICTIMS 1)" MOVE THROUGH THE SYSTEM? " Ii LI I{ " SUMMARY l'" The four NOrth County projects served over 1,000 victims of spouse assault, child abuse, and rape during the 18-month period studied. Analysis of projects' records indicated that during project oper ations, repeat occurrences of spouse assault were reduced and more cases of spouse assault were filed with the District Attorney's Office. Surveys of other service providers and clients served by the projects revealed that appropriate, timely services were provided to target clients and a variety of victims' needs were addressed either by the projects, or by referrals to other agencies. Follow-up information regarding results of agencies' intervention in It, child abuse situations and coordination with welfare personnel is difficult to obtain through the Department of Social Services (DBS) due to non-centralized manage;~nt of information. Examination of other programs which primarily provide services to domestic violence victims showed victim needs are being addressed in this region. DISCUSSIOO TO address this issue, data were collected fram project staff, other service providers, and surveys of victims/clients who received services fram the projects. Referral sources and projects' referrals were ,; ,..' dqcumented. Data were obtained for an 18-month period, fram July 1979 through December 1980 for Women's Resource Center, Casa de Amparo, EscondidD Victim-Witness program, and Oceanside Victim Aid program. 'lb t., II provide a regional perspective, additional data were collected fram the Battered Women's Services Program, the Emergency Response System, and t}1e Escondido Family Crisis Project. For the issue of child abuse, a sample of incidents reported to law enforcement was tracked through the i Department of Social Services and supplemental information was com piled on child abuse cases handled by Casa de Amparo • ., " '. i< :r t, \. PRClJECTS' DESCRIPTION '" I' \ (.< ,. ,', 0 ;£.' ~~ I -::;.--;; Women's Resource Center (WRC,) '0 •.,,''V - ,).. ,I' , The WRC has provided services to victims of rape and domestic violence ~lf. Ii ~, since 1974. primary services are crlS1S intervention and referral of .\ . /: !' .' . " victims to appropriate service agencies. Funding sourc(B included the '? t '" ,0 ,. I dJ, "~I 1!/ F 49 , II " .u ;f , Ii , Preceding ,age blank .11 0 <:'(1 11 " ~ .. , ';>&' • I . I ., i " ~!! " ;1 " , ------~ ------,-,-~--- SERVICES PROVIDED County of San Diego, united Way, and the Regional Employment: and Training Consortium (RE'IC). '!he LEAA funds were requested tlo provide Table 11 shows the number of clients served by type of incident in the services to 72 additional clients by hiring additional staff', recruiting North County projects. '!he number of clients served varies based on and training volunteers, and expanding the telephone hotlines. '!he organizational structure, number of staff and program thrust. For Center staff intended to increase their contacts with criminelll justice example, primary services provided by Oceanside are infonnation and components and other community agencies. These efforts were expected referral ~1ereas Escondido staff offers short-term counseling. to reduce the number of repeat assaults, increase referrals by law enforcement, and increase the number of assault offenders referred for prosecution. TABLE 11 Casa de Arnparo NUMBER OF INDIVIr:uAIS SERVED BY PROJECI'S, BY TYPE OF CRIME, JULY 1979-DECEMBER 1980 Since 1977, Casa de Arnparo has provided 24-hour shelter care for abused children and counseling for parent abusers. Funding sources included 1 the County of Sail Diego and RE'IC. The LEAA funds were to provide [ ~ Women's addi tional bedspace, expand the telephone hotline, and hire nJOre staff Resource to develop a family caregiver program. The Casa staff expect:ed to Oceanside Escondido Center* Casa de Arnparo Total decrease the number of repeat abuse cases, expand linkages with law Type of Crime enforcement agencies, and return more children to their own homes with Spouse Assault 180 39 236 N/A 455 ,- the family crisis situation resolved or minimized. Child Abuse 89 17 N/A 457 563 " Rape 58 20 27 N/A 105 ~eanside Victim Aid Project Total 327 76 263 457 1,123 Prior to LEAA funding the Oceanside Police Department had tWCI non-sworn counselors working with victims on both the investigative and coun seling/referral aspects of social assault. The project, fundled in 1979 *Number of clients seen was actually higher than those presented because by LEAA, intended to fill unmet needs by establishing relatiCinships during the first year data were compiled only on persons "tagged" as with victims of assault, rape and child abuse. Vic:tims are advised of ] ~ LEAA clients. appropriate canmunity resources and contacts are made to inform agencies of the victims' needs. '!he two victim aides, under the direcltion of tile Oceanside Police Department, advise victims about the legal status ] ~ Referral Sources of the cases and provide transportation when needed. By enco:l1raging victims to cooperate with the criminal justice system, the pr!::>ject Findings indicate that those projects which have strong linkages with staff expected to increase arrests and referrals for prosecution when o police agencies are more likely to receive referrals from law enforce such actions were appropriate. In those cases in which prosecution was J ment. '!hE~ Oceanside project, operated by the police department, re , .. not viewed as benefi~ial, referrals were made to appropriate oounseling ceived OVE~r 90% of their referrals via the police. Escondido staff has services. This project also helped victims obtain financial compen developed liaison with the police as part of the funding agreement, but sation ..from the state and offered programs at various schools on the o the project is managed by the Escondido youth Encounter. Police subject of child abuse. referred 32% of the total clients provided service in Escondido. According to data collected at Women's Resource Center, 17% of the Escondidovictim-Witness Project n victims m~ntioned the police as a referral source. This figure re flected ru1 increase over the project's first year (13% police referrals), Through an agreement with the Escondido youth Encounter (EYE) ,r the an indicator of increased coordination efforts. Also, in a survey of Escondido Police Department hired a counselor to work with rai)e and O· 117 NOrth County police officers, 35% (41) indicated that they refer family violence. victims to reduce trauma, provide ~8Gistance during the spouse assault victims to WRC. jUdicial process, and refer vK:tiI:ns to long-term social services when \", necessary. The counselor was housed at the EYE. This progran[\ was one An additional study examined the proportion of spouse assault and child element of the EYE, which has been locally funded since 1969 imq o abuse victims reported to police who were served by the projects. provides comprehensive counseling to youth and their families!: Table 12 shows the percentage based on 1979-?0 police and project records •. With the exception of the Oceanside program, services continuf,~d with D other funding sources when the LE'AA funds expired. Pending approval, 14.~ I • the Oceanside program will receive continuation funds from LFi~ for an addi tionq,l year. ~ H , ,) , , ' 51 50 .' I " I / ! . ~ \ ...... _____ .' ... _ ... '.. c."._ .. ______. _____--'\\\ ______'_.~ .. -.------,----~"--~.------.--,.~-..... - ..--,------D 6 It can be assumed that these efforts influenced the overall findings TABLE 12 U in North County: recidivism percentage decreased from 7% to 6% and fl cases referred for prosecution increased by 2%. PROPORTION OF VICTIMS CCNmCTE.1) BY POLICE WHO WERE SERVED BY PROJECT S~F, JULy 1979-JUNE 1980 0 U Referrals to Other Agencies After initial contact with project staff, over half of the battered Number in Percent Served wanen were referred to other agencies for additional assistance. The Police Files by Projects U diversity of agencies involved i,s an indication of the variety of 0 victim needs, the degree of coordination among agencies i and the Escondido 44 32% awareness of project staff of appropriate referral sources. Table 14 Oceanside 173 62% o shows the percentage of abused women referred to particular agencies. Womens Resource 0 ,~, (Figures exceed 100% because of referrals to more than one agency.) Center (spousal only) 392* 17% Casa de Amparo U (child abuse only) 438* 46%** B TABLE 14 *These figures reflect totals of all North County police agencies in which PRQJEC'IS' REFERRALS '10 Ol'HER AGENCIES rep:>rts were taken. D SUBSEWENr ID INITIAL OO!\.1TACT n SroUSE ASSAULT VICTIMS **Percentage based on sample of Cas a clients. fl Project Agency n Shelter Legal Welfare Other* % Not Referred IMPACT OF SERVICES 00 RECIDIVISt1 Escondido 5% 48% 24% 51% - 43% ., AND PROSECUl'ION EFFORTS Oceanside 67% 15% 14% 40% 55% . H o Women's Resource The project staff were expected to decrease repeat occurrences of Center 24% 27% 22% 56% 43% spouse assault as well as increase the number of persons ref:2:-:red for pros,ecution. With regard to those persons served by project .Sitaff, U results indicate that these objectives were achieved as shown in Table U *Includes publ ic agencies, e.g., ;/probation, courts, County Mental Health, 13. Findings from project data show that repeat incidents for clients and private counseling agencie$. decreased by 20% and the complaints filed increased by 6%. The figures U differ from those presented for overall efforts in North County because II police han91ed more social assault incidents than the projects and only a portion of police cases were handled by the projects. Differences among projects are due to the nature of initial services . ,t 0 u provided at the first contact. A significant number of clients were I ! not referred to other agencies, indicating primary needs were met or ;-1"1 TABLE 13 would be, through continued interaction wi th the project staff. Surveys n of project staff, clients, and other service providers indicated the REPEAT INCIDENl'S OF SPOUSE ASSAULT OFFENDEPS n y following services as most important: I AND NUMBER REFERRED FOR PRCSECtlrION FOR OORTH COUNl'Y PROJECTS, n TYPe of Incident Most Helpful Service JULy 1979-J(JNE 1980; JULY-D::CEMBER, 1980 D Spouse Assault Shelter Spouse Assault Cases Time 1 Time 2 % Difference 0' Crisis Intervention/Counseling Information Concerning Legal Services NUrrber Provided .Service 199 256* 0 " ' Re~eat Incidents 61 (3l%) 28 (ll%) - 20% Rape Supportive Counseling N~ber of Complaints Filed 31 (16%) 57 (22%) + 6% n Information about Crbninal Justice I: ;,(i Process *This: figure is higher although the time' period is shorter because all blients from WRC are included, not just LFAA clients. ~~ .. 4""'- 'i Child Abuse Crisis Intervention U· Assistance with Problem Solving ) . " Transportation D' L .- 52 .:. n "' .- .' . -- ...... -----~ (~ K_~*'~' •• -' h ..,.-"· ...... --. U ReslXlndents feit that p.::>li d 'd actions, (e.g., arrests) ~~ l.l,not clearly explain their U would take place after ~ll.' 7 l.ents were uncertain about what Client survey r-- ce l.nvolvement • victims/clients contacted by projects' staff in the first three months ReslXlndents perceived that Ii e " of 1981 were asked to respond to a survey (see page 145 for methodological U sitive, or unwilling to beclXl 7 were l.n~ifferent, insen- procedures and complete data compilation). Opinions regarding services , d/" ane l.nvolved' iri .dan t ' an or questJ.oned the credibil' t f' es l.C problems received by projects' staff and police were addressed. Respondents events. l. y 0 cll.ents' explanation of totaled 138, with the following breakdown: . ' B 40% Oller of the reslXlndents indica' : 55 o occurrmgh~lf one year or less wh th ted that thel.r problems had been: Battered Women 25 18% Child Abusers 0 of the projects' canmunity ou~~eac~YeSfOfU9httor s. help, perhaps indicativ~ Potential (at risk) 13 9% Child Abusers 8% o Oller a third (39%) of the I' , ' . 11 resolved. The sal.d, t1;eir problems had been' Rape victims 9 7% follc~dng ~:~ts th~t victims of Child Abuse n ceptions of problem resolution tSda~ l.ndl.catl.ve C?f varying per- : 8 6% preclude further assistance b,\T an , e scope of s~tl1ations that may' Batterers 7 5% :z proJect staff. Concerned Family Members 7 5% other 3 2% G Casa de Amparo Battered Males -- 100% 138 ::~ i~olbllems will take time to resolve. II n "I ams l. stillneed s counseling t and hI'e p recel.ved from Casa " " epara ed fran my daughte f ,. summary results of the survey by project are presented on page 57. "We now understand our child' bl r or no vall.d reasons." Analysis is based on total respondents since examination of responses better. " s pro ems and she understands us by category, (e.g., type, offender, victim) did not show significru;t B differences. '!he validity of a survey of this nature may be questl.oned "'!heyway." helped me assume my par~ntal responsl.b:.ll.tl.es' , , , in a realistic based on potential bias presented by project staff when C1i.stributing surveys. However, tentative conclusions are suggested based on the 0 "I havestill IIDre need confidento im r~~e an d b et~er results with my kids." client sample. Target victims served w"8re generally satisfied with "I am safely out ofPthe hmy attl.tude and get motivated." services provided and staff referred to appropriate agencies when ; "My problem has been reso~~se and away from my step-dad." going to Casa." ed, but to better myself, I will keep necessary. U Highlights of survey WOmen's Resource Center o Responses of clients served by differ~tlt projects show similar B n \\ "I am still working on my problems " results. "I"My haw' ~l fully recovered, fran my experience• " pr em WOll' t be solved until I F d· " ' Project "staff are contacting targ!=t victims/clients. "J u feel we are safe " ..Ln a better way to ll.ve and o B 'IDe majority of victims indicated that project(s) staff were "I"I'm found e great" help here, I gal.ned' some stability" o t:lme."xperl.encmg a more peSl.'t l.ve ' change in my attitude,• but it takes helpful (96%). n n less tha~ 15% indicated that they need (additional) assistance :: I still don't have a place to stay." I need employment." o ~ provided by project staff. n u' Of those clients/victims advised to seek help from other agencies, Escondido victim-Witness';) Pro',_I Jec t o 86% indicated that they did so. This finding suggests staff awareness of victim needs and knowledge of apprqpriate resources. '\ ' o "I' m war' k' l.ng on them " n ::i ..gO~ thl~ rig~t hel~ to make decisions." sixty percent (60%) of the clients noted that the police were " m ee l.ng like I'm OK again. II· o My husband doesn't drink as much " helpful r1-hen responding to problems. n n "We"I'm al;3,~e ~till 'bOth go-:' ng thrDug~ physical • and mental problems " complaints about police hand~ing focused on these issues (37 . l.n counsell.ng." • clients): () 8 D , 55 ,54· n '/, J. U i, ~i , , o ., n'$ ' ! J, m U 1 TABLE 15 CLIENT SURVEY "I now have a temporary restraining order to keep him from getting n u SOCIAL ASSAULT PROJECTS violent." JANUARY - MARCH 1981 "I'm still having problems in school." "'!he counselor was very helpful." u n Questions Casa o. Amparo Oceanside victi~Aid Project N "36 U 1. Doyo "I feel I'm ready to take on my responsibilities" 0 staff "My husband and I are now talking things over." "I don't feel as frightened as I did because I know there are people 1-----," out there who r~ally care." U 2. :bo yo "1hey are helping me in' oourt and any help I need." n about "I'm taking steps; filing complaint, have'IRO, filing for divorce, getting oounseling." U "I need a job, food, and money." u 3. Did Y was n "I'm going to contact other agencies." Q. progra "I have no problem." Yes 4 3 5 U No 32 12 34 "My problem will not be solved until I have the right to my son." s "I am still trying to solve my problem." 4. lild pr ograrn staff advise you "My boyfriend's problem will not be solved by putting him in jail." to con tact another agency or person for help? B U Yes 12 3 26 17 , No 23 11 21 .20 North County Service Provider Survey . 5. Have y ou sought help from 'l any ot her agencies o' • U person s? Tb assess the four projects' coordination efforts with other agency H Yes 15 7 16 staff who have contact with the same clientele, service providers in No 18 8 33 North County canpleted a survey concerning their knowledge and inter i) U 6. Have t he police been called action with the projects. Seventy-five (75) surveys were returned wih, fl regardi ng the situation for the following breakdown by type of agency: (Percentages not equal to which you are seeking help? Yes 9 9 29 17 100% due to rounding.) No 27 4 20 23 , U Community Agencies 38% U' 7. Do yo u feel that the police L ~ were h elpful? ') (included Project Oz, Turning Point, Yes 10 Child Guidance Center, Lifeline, No 17 ~ ~~ ~~! ~ 0 --:-:---:----t--:-~-r----I-~---I--~-l---~--I,I Project Jove, El Camino Psychology U 8. Doyo u have complaints about Center, and Community Clinics) " thewa y the police handled the 'I Public Health Nurses 28% situation?l ,~ ; Yes . 12 4 9 12" County Mental Health 13% U B ______Hospitals 12% ~N~0~ t_~~~--+_--~14~------~----~7------+-----~40~------~----~10~-----J",",jf 9. How 10 ng had your problem(sl • , School Nurses 8% been 0 ccurring before you U sought help? 'I Survey results are presented in Table 16. Findings indicate that n 4 months or less 9 3 17 7 I 5 months to 1 year 7, 4 2 10 '1 service providers are aware of these projects, are satisfied with 13 months to 2 years 2 1 4 4 ,I services pr9vided, and believe these efforts should continue. (Corn ... O· 2 to 4 years 2 1 5 5 'I g Over 4 years 7 2 5 10 plete compilation, by project and type of responding agency, is on ~ -;-"'"""":"-:-:----+-----\------+--.:=------+---=----1---...... :.:::----1\1 page 161.) o ''''\ 10.What made you se!lk help Most response~ Victims indicated Actual and/or Physical violence :i at this time? indicated that child actual or fear of, fear of physicai was response by 1 care problems were physical/sexual abuse was re- majority. Others j ' .. Surv~¥respondents ~ere knowleqgeable rega~ding the kinds of services ~ 0 out of control and violence. Others sponse by most. cited marital ,1, each project/agency provides. Respondents appeared to be less familiar help was needed. were pregnant problems and r "' Others noted that teenagers need for legal ,1 with the Escondido project, bur: this may be a result of survey pro contact with Casa wanting counseling. assistance. II cedures which did not identify the project with the EYE (Escondido ~. was court ordered. 'J g 0 -----/-----t-=::....::.:..::::..:...:.:..::.::.:::::..--I------I------I-----. f~ ~ Youth Encounter) • ~!= victim-witnes§ project was one program element . , 11.Haveyour problems been N = 130 ' of the overall EYE program. resolve d? I', ~( Yes 51 (39%1 15 8 21 7 0 No 66 (51%1 19 5 21 21 , o n o~ Not sure 13 (10%1 o o 3 10 '" , . 56 . 0" CJ-21 i o n' 57 . , t '. "'-.._.-,..,.--- / ~O~_C"C_~-"'-='C~r ~- -.--~ __ [~t Cas a de Amparo and Women's Resource Center had the largest proportion ~ of referrals fran and to service provide:rs. 'Ibis is in part due to [,J! the number of years i:x:>th projects have operated and the wide scope of services available. The Escondido and Oceanside projects began in 1979 with canparatively small staffs (1 and 2, ·respectively). The majority of respondents noted satisfaction conc~rning their inter action with project staff and indicated that project(s) activities " should continue. () REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE To expand the scop;! of the evaluation toward a regional overview, infor mation was collected fran additional sources. Since child abuse cases also can involve the actions of welfare and juvenile court personnel, data were collected regarding welfare and court dispositions of a sample of cases handled by Cas a de Amparo and another sample reported to law enforcement. Since Casa provides extensive service to only child abusing families (not spouse assault), its records were used rather than Oceanside or Escondido projects. Additional information pertaining to other kinds of programs in the region is also included. Children Removed from Home Children are removed fran their homes when their welfare and/or safety is in jeopardy. Police are the only personnel authorized to remove children to protective custody. Hillcrest Receiving Home and Casa de i Amparo are the regional agencies responsible for caring for children ~ until a determination is made regarding subsequent placement. Figure 18 shows percentages of children removed in two different years. 0 1 'Ibe majority of children were taken to Hillcrest; others were placed in the homes of relatives. ,,' II u " \'" o Fewer children were removed fran their home in the second year (a 10% decrease). {I ;l. o Children neglected and victims of multiple types Qf abuse are more fl ,'" I likely to be removed. . \ ! i o Fewer physically and sexually abused children were removed in the o second year (a decrease of 14% and 16%, respectively). This may be ~l a result of increased emphasis on treatment of abusing families in the home and recognition that renoval may be a traumatic exp;!rience B in many cases. More police officers in North County received training in child abuse investigation compared to the second o year and this may have influenced their actions. o 1 fl "\ " o IJ o H c.) " c 58 . OC B J. , , , .... " .' - tr (. \) r . ' 1) '. , \',\ TABLE 16 :) SERVICE PROVIDER SURVEY RESPONSES NORTH COUNTY PROJECTS Women's Escondido Oceanside Casa De Resource Victim - Witness Victim -Aid Amparo Center Pro~ram Program Survey Questions Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No ,.~. 1. Are you fami liar with th is 73 1 73 1 21 39 40 25 agency? (99%) (1%) (99%) (1%) (35%) (65%) (62%) (38%) 2. Have you referred individuals 64 5 69 3 12 37 19 37 to this agency? (93%) (7%) (96%) (4%) (24%) (76%) (34%) (66%) o 3. Have you received referrals 31 37 36 32 4 44 12 40 from this agency? (46%) (54%) (53%) (47%) (8%) (92%) (23%) (77%) 4. Should the services provided 65 o 65 1 32 1 40 o by this agency continue? (100%) (99%) (1%) (97%) (3%) (100%)' 6. Have YOLl been satisfied with 51 7 52 8 17 2 27 4 your interaction with this (88%) (12%) (87%) (13%) (89%) (11%) (87%) (13%) agency? Respondents Services 6. What is the most important service this agency provides? Casa De Amparo 44 • 24 hour emergency sh;\elter, respite 21 • crisis intervention, supportive counseling 14 • education for parents; child care and " J parenting skills 3 • prevention .' Women's Resource 39 • Crisis intervention/counselinl:;'emotional D' Center support for abused "1i\~::flen . o o· 22 • Shelter and protectic,/from abuser ., . \ 0' 9 • Appropriate information/referral service '\\ C 5 • Emergency response Q o , I Escondido Victim - 9 • Counseling/crisis intervention Witness 5 • Advocacy/legal aqvice -Q: 2 • Information/referral 2 • Support Services Oceanside Victim - 10 • Counseling 8 • Support services to vi~tims .D'" . 4 ? /' • Advocacy !i o ' 3 • I nformation on legal/judicial process 3 • Appropriate referrals (> ., " I? '0 .". CJ-22 , ,"', rF '" o ,.. " . '0 u ,,...... ' .a , o \ . (I Ir:, : ,"' . 0 o 4 , ~, . -~ -".- U FIGURE 18 PROPORTION OF CHILDREN REMOVED FROM HOME fi supervisioQ was Qot available, e.g., parent(s) hospitalized or in BY TYPE OF ABUSE, 1978-79, 1979-80 jail.'" 1978·79 N =296 o At the time of first contact with Casa, 51% of the children were in N =423 n 1979·80 59% their own home. Six months aeter initial contact, 68% of the children 60 :.- . 58% .--- were in their own home, an increase of 17%. r--- -. ..:-.-54% " ~ 52% 50% B i - i---- o ~er half of the children (68%) were dependents of the court six J, 50 - months after first Casa contact. '" ~: 46% r--- o Forty-four percent (44%) of the children were provided shelter care I -. n ~ 40 l- i) IC~\ { 36% ,36% l' at Casa. Other primary services included counseling (85%), advocacy +-' " , C ./ '- c, cu ~ (46%), and providing services in ,the home, (37%). CJ cu.. 0 Q., l- 30 f) U North County Child Abuse Reports to Law, Enforcement !;; \F-' Tracked Through Welfare Department \ ~ "\':,, 20 I- e evaluation effort child abuse cases reported to police ~ H ~Xhe t~acked ~ , agencies through the welfare system to ,determine actions taken by 1· j :social service, personnel. The intent also was to determine if actions I- 0 ! 10 (j D ~~re influenced by prior efforts of different:, police agencies and the 1 G 0 .~~~, .- r.lt~ture "I of follow-up efforts by welfare staff. A sample of 75 was 1 :':, selected (18% of the total reported) stratified by agency, type of ,,1 0 Total g .. ,abuse, age of child and actions by police (investigated, removed child, Physical Neglect Sexual Other* Removed "ei~c.). E':f the 75 cases selected, only 36 had easily accessible infor .(, \i n 1 Type of Abuse CJ-18 I rniition~ Eleven (11) cases were still "active" or under supervision and *Multiple Types of Abuse ...... I files were located in outlying districts of the Department of Social I I D Services (DSS). The remaining 50 cases were not available through the Casa de Arnparo - Services to Child-Abusing Families I"') i) primary sources at OOS or the computer terminal. Time restraints • ,,1 ~ precluded additional efforts to find these case files. Since the From July 1979 thr;ugh December of ,' d =""~--""=i:zr-__.,. -~. ___ ~,~L __ o Ii Ii I .. 1 } u 1 Since the OOS does not consistently canpile all of these dlata, there E TABLE 20 are no standards by which to compare this information to m;Wce judgments regarding change or effectiveness of intervention. II: PERCENl'AGE OF CASES IN WHICH o CHILD MADE DEPENDENl' OF COORl', BY TYPE OF ABUSE !ii !l' I" II, TABLE 17 t o N = .32, '-; PIACEMENI' Dl" CHILD AT TIME OF REFERRAL AND AT CASE CIDSURE, BY TYPE OF ABUSE Deperx;lent Physical Neglect Sexual 'Ibtal i) ,\ ~; YE!S I!' I D 35% 0 50% 28% ;1' No N = 33 Physical Neglect Sexual d. 'Ibtal 65% 100% 50% 72% At re- At cIa- At re- At cIa- At re- At cloJi: At re- At cIa U ferral sure ferral sure fel?ral sure ii, ferral sure /' -;-;----a" eTlergf~ncy/Response System (ERS). '!he state mandated program for J!' OWn hane 60% 80% 88% 88% 40% 40% ;i, 64% 78% 24:-hoj~r social service response, to child abusing families provided :1 Foscter home' 30% o o a 0 0 i! 18% 0 U thesci' services during its first year of implementation (March 1980 - Relative;; 5% 5% o o 60% 60% L, 12% 12% Mairc~ 1981). Since this, program reflects an additional .resource for "'I Other . 5% 15% 12% 12% " ~." 0 0 !; 6% 10% child abusing families and requires cG0rdination among service pra ,I; viders the following information is presented concerning eRS. ,)1 o II: 0 it o· Elocial worker response' <. fi' ~ !\ TABLE 18 II 'it g o All calls are screened by a social worker who determines if a PERCENTAGE OF CASES WIlli PRIOR CASE /1 ~.; child protection issue exists. If so, a social worker responds ",KNc:mN 'ID SOCIAL SER,VICES, BY WE OF ABUSE iii within 20 minutes of the initial contact with the screener. '!he o majority of calls were handled via a telephone conversation but 0 24% (750) required a face-to-face resPonse during the first'year. t iJ ' ;:, N = 36 I) 0 o .Referrals to other agencies - '!hese examples were provided as primary Prior Case Physical Neglect 'Ibtal B o ,agencies to which clients/victims were referred: ~ Yes 27% 50% 33% Adolescent crisis intervention centers (Project Oz, The Bridge, I . No 73% 50% 67% Gatehouse, Juvenile Retrieval) ~ ; o \.I H , .1<. Mental health counselors (public and private) Private attorneys TABLE 19 0 o Family Stress Center o Children removed from home 0 o Of 2,409 children referred; 8% (196) were removed from their homes withid: 24 hours. N = 33 u 0' 'lli.is informatidfi is indicative of the scope and nature of calls received a~~¢1 .:;ctions taken. The :ffeqtiven:ss of the system in terms of meeting Time Period Physical Neglect 'Ibtal VJLctJ.m needs and preventmg abuseLB not known. Data regarding follow o up on services is not available at "this time but is being considered s~ day 48% 63% 52% o a:a part of a management information system. /', . 2-3days 10% 25% 12% More than 3 tlays 42% 12% 36% I!. '. When these calls are canpared to child abuse rePorts received by police u o agencies, .a few differences are revealed (notwithstanding the potential for victims to be in both sets of data): ;, U o , \i ::;:,'" I • 62 I,'\ ;,U 63 il E c "",,,", I ~,~,.-- '-' --~- [] III,; More cases of physical and sexual abuse are likely to be reported TABLE 21 to law enforcement than to the emergency response system. 'Ibis may o be due to an increased need for protection and safety of the child. HarLINE CALLS AND NUMBER OF INDIVIOOALS SERVED, - In addition, the emergency response program receives more calls from BY TYPE OF SERVICE, BATTERED WCl1EN' S SERVICES family members, relatives, and victims, whereas police agencies are s , mOore likely to receive reports from public agencies such as schools. . ~j Service Time Period One obvious reason for this difference is the daytime hours of most FY78-79 FY79-80 FY80-81 public agencies. Another possible explanation is that families may o Hotline calls 1,578 1,901 2,092 feel more canfortable calling a social service agency rather than law Adults given shelter 104 130 150 enforcement. This suggestion is supported by findings from the survey Children given shelter 206 240 269 of service providers in which 72% agreed that child abusing families are reluctant to use support services when they are affiliated with law o enforcement. () During calendar year 1980, 472 adults in San Diego County requested I shelter at Casa de Paz, the shelter facility of ENS. Thirty-two 'Ibe relatively large proportion of "other" calls (48%) and t.he finding o 0 pe:cent (32%) of these were given shelter: 153 adults as well as 266 that only 24% of the calls required face-to-face intervention may be an chl.l~ren. 'Ib7 average length of stay was 18 days. The wide range of indication that most of the calls involve families who are potentially servl.ces provl.ded, the length of time in operation, and staff outreach ab-risk to cornmi t child abuse. If so, the intent of the legislation Uj 0 efforts have contributed to BWS being a primary referral source for law may have been addressed: to prevent and/or reduce the possibility of enf<;>rcement a .! I Battered Nomen's Services (BNS) I o u { Since 1978, the YWCA has sponsored projects funded to serve victims of , I i danestic violence. BNS receives ,funds from LEAA, the County, and the . FIGURE 19 State as one of the demonstration projects selected by the State o u . SERVICES PROVIDED SHELTER RESIDENTS; ! through legislation of Senate Bill 91 (st~~e funds for domestic violence BATTERED WOMEN'S SERVICES project centers). The following types ofi;::ore services are offered to 1980 , I1 all residents of San Diego County: :".' F ' .... ,,~,,' r '-" I~ o u Financial Assistance " I 1- Crisis telephone 24-hour hotline. N = 153 (Welfare) ~•••••••••••••• _ 67% ,- I 2. Shelter for women and children with counseling and on-site class \""" .,1 room for children to continue school (Casa de .. Paz). o u Child Care " '" 3. Victim support services developed to assist victims through criminal ,..------••___ 78% prosecution with supportive counseling by increasing interaction Re-education and • _____ 24% I with criminal justice camponents. Job Counseling 4. psychological support and peer col)Ilseling for non-residents of Casa u ;':\ " de Paz. . Housing Referrals ,..---_____ 49% , , , -:: '11 5. Support groups for men including those referred through diversion O· legislation.-' Legal Referrals , 6. :, Community education and training. o ~------___•• _. 71% Medical Care Any wananover 18 who is physically abused as a resul:t: of domestic ·U ~••••••••••••• _53% ~, I vi61ence is eligible for protective shelter and supportive services. " Emergency When shelter capacity is exceeded, client needs are prioriti:z:§,!9\i!tb._.~,.. "" Transportation these considerations: ·1) severity of violence, 2) leve1."ofvictiiri.'s' fea(J; t"3) imzg>lvement of ch,ildren, and 4) scarcity of resources or other U alternatives. '",. ,0 60 70 80 " D o CJ-19 64 65 ·\1 o o ~-r~~.~~~~~r~,----~~~ !~:; : ~., , ~'i ~ \,.., 4 ">.~ ~ .. c,,+ ",,--'------... ------,,-- - --" o "'~~.!''-, ~.r~'h":'~------,----.- ' . u 0 Battered Women's Services Assessment of Client Objective Ninety-four percent (94%) of the wanen agreed that the counselors n n treated them with respect. In addition, 96% indicated that counselors BWS,d7v71oped an evaluation procedure to determine victim needs/goals were fair and impartial. Strong points of counselors were assistance at ~n~t~a~ conta~t and the,extent to which those needs/goals were met wi th goal achievement and empathy. Suggestions for improving counselor throug~ e~ ther d~rect serv~ce or referral to other agencies. In ,0 un effectiveness included adding more staff and more individualized format~on was collected on a sample of 50 shelter clients (16% of counseling • total). Although ENS lists 17 goals, this analysis focuses on the ten ~at were most frequently Chosen by the victim/client. Table 22 indi o· l Escondido Family Crisis Team cate~ those goals and the percentage of victims who reached levels of 0 atta~~nt. Peer ~selingwas the goal selected by most clients An additional program element of the Escondido Youth Encounter (EYE) (78%) w~ th 85% real~z~ng this goal. ,,' " , other than the victim-witness project was also funded by LFAA. In 0 0 1978, a crisis team program was developed to focus pn different kinds of family problems (Family Crisis Program). Referrals are ,made to the TABLE 22 EYE by the fOlice. If after police resfOnd to a call, they determine 0 0 that no violence is occurring, and conclude that contact with the EYE SELECTED GO!\LS AND PERCENTAGE OF VIC-rIMS ATTAINING cmLS, staff will be beneficial, they will call members of the crisis team. BATTERED WCMEN' S SERVICES The staff is available after 5:00 P.M. to provide whatever assistance is necessary and make appropriate referrals based on victim needs. In 0 \' D N = 50 the latter months of 1980, the victim-witness element incorp:>rated the Level of Attainment Family Crisis Program and both programs were absorbed with state and local ,funding after termination of federal funds.' Table 23 shows the, Contact Made 0 n type of calls to which the team resfOnded during a five-month survey Percent with ')) period. -," Selecting Information Ibsitive Rei:llization 0 Goal Goal Supplied* Result of Goal 0 0 TABLE 23 l. Peer Counseling 78% 5% 10% I 2. Housing 85% if n FAMILY CRISIS TEAM CALLS BY TYPE I 72% 11% 22% 67% ESCOODIOO YOUTH ENCOUNTER 3. Welfare 66% 15% 9% U U 4. Temporary 76% NOVEMBER 1980 - MARCH 1981 Restraining Order I )) 52% 30% 35% 35% Type of Call Number Percentage \ ~ .::r 5. Legal Custcx1y 48% 29% I,; ! 6. 38% 33% 0 0 Medical Care 46% 13% 35% 7. PsyChological 52% Family Disturbance 18 36% Suicide 10 (2 completed) 20% Support 46% 17% 8. Dissolution 83% o .1 0 Battery 5 10% 44% 32% 41% (j 9. Recreational Ac- 27% Runaway 5 10% tivities, children Rape 3 6% 36% 17% 83% Other 9 18% 10. Re-education & Job o 0 c/~:· Counseling 34% 47% 29% 24% 'lbtal 50 100% *No follow-up by client. o D The use of the Family Crisis Team by police was confirmed in a survey 1:1 --of 26=poiiee officers in wnich 77% (20) indicated that they refer A total of 261 goals were selected by the v ictims an average of 5.2" '" f.] per individual. , ' L IT victims to tha~ program. ;;.: . ~ -;- ; I '\ State-Funded victim,Mitness Assistance Programs Client/Counselor Assessment o H ,As a result of the passage of Senate Bill 383 (July, 1980), the state Individuals~rovid~ she~t7r at BWS are asked to complete an evaluation .:;:--,,-,; I awarped grants,to 30 counties in California to provi~e ,a ~egi~lative (j form concern~g the~r op~n10ns about the services received at Casa de respOnse to victims of crimes through development of v1ct1mrW1tness Paz. "A sample of .sp client forms was reviewed on selected questions 0 centers. '!he San Diego District Attorney's Office initiated its o 0 about tqe staff counselors. " . II, e prograTIt in March of 1981. !Jl1is program is discussed as an adjunct E u I , 1 66 67 I ,. n U m " " ,~t""" -:-~~-~- " T.-~';""'.":-~ ____,,=-"""""~--,-'"".- .... ',- ".'- , " - -_.- ~-- -~~...,.....---=--~- --.-- --..,------~ J11~~~-~'--'- " ~ t service to victims. 'lhe overall goal is "to encourage and strengthen J the coordinated participation of crtminal justice agencies toward u providing more effective assist~nce to victims and witnesses of all r ~ crimes." (California Office of Crtminal Justice Planning) '1'he funding 'I J I source includes these objectives for the centers; n [ I' 0 1. Provide financial aid to establish and maintain comprehensive I j programs for victtms and witnesses of all types of crtmes. D o ~l 2. Improve the understanding of the needs of victims and witnesses on ;1 the part of the crbninal justice system, and_ increase their par II j ticipation in the administration of justice. a Ij I I 3. Provide for faster and more complete recovery from the effects of I i) crime. ./'\ n , ! I , ; Statements concerning effectiveness of these programs are premature. since they are relatively new and in varying stages of tmplementation. I The majority of these projects are managed by the District Attorney's a ! n I Office. '1his kind of structure may Itmit contacts to only those r j victL~/witnesses who are pursuing crbninal complaints. With regard to u, I danestic violence situations, few of these kinds of victims reach the I J D J canplaint process. 'Iherefore, it is questionable to what extent the needs of these victims will be addressed by these programs. Preliminary J ! data regarding the statewide programs revealed that during a four-month \ n i' J U '.I period, victims of danestic violence comprised 12% of the total provided I· services. g .,;\ H \ o , ,i? \\ D ~ i fl CHAPTER 3 CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 0 ,t}- 0 RESPONSE .-: 'I )y' , .' I n u- .,.:::0, I .~ f).;:;: -'. U Ii H D '~ 0 0 ,.' IF U (; , 0 [\ i, '1 . ().: , i 68 u '. ,,_«.,,~"_.~,_~_~ _.~,_c ~,< ~ ~~-,-,~>" -.-.~' . ._" ,~-' j1 I'd fl ]1 tl " U II ~ )4 \' -> rJ Criminal Justice Syst~m I! U Response I' ...... - Ii I'Ii () 0 !{ \) 11 ISSUE 3: HAS '.mE REsroNSE BY THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEH CfIAl\[;ED AND li I D HaV CAN IT BE MORE EFFEX:.'TIVE IN RESroNDING '10 I::a<1ESTIC ~ VIOLENCE SITUATIONS? fllj l ~ "'~~~' v, c U SUMMARY I! Proportionately, more arrests of spouse assault offenders were made by Ii ~:. ~ () all North County police agencies except Oceanside during the first year ," n of projects' implementation when' compared to the prior year. More ~ cases were referred for prosecution and the percentage of complaints filed also increased. Pre- and post-surveys of North County police <::.' tf,"~ . '''''~.--..r' II officers indicated positive changes in actions and attitudes toward ,::'" ! domes~ic violence situations. Coordination with, and recognition of i J the value of intervention by social service providers was evident in I " (;, ,.: ~l. ' U survey results. Regionwide, officers in several jurisdictions handle r "\ ') domestic violence situations in different ways. 'l I '" ~ Prosecutors indicated that service providers, have been helpful in ! assisting victims through the criminal justice process. 'Ibe new i diversion law applied to offenders charged with spouse assault may I.. represent an effective alternative to pros~~ution, but its impact in t ~ . -:,. D the last year is unknown • '!he value of maiJated counseling (diversion) CJ for spouse assault offenders will be difficult to assess unless police \ (ic, - .f). '1\ take rnore reports and arrest offenders, and prosecutors charge more I " 0 offenders, thus allowing the diversion procedure to occur and be 0 tested. More criminal justice personnel should be trained regarding f' I,,~ D the dynamics of spouse assault and alternatives available to police and I ' ., ", , prosecutors for assisting victims. ... '0 , '0 I , G '(;> ,-) DISCUSSION " ... ~) . n The objectives of the funding source with regard to the domestic 0 violence issue included increased involvement by the criminal justice . f ' ., , (- system. 'Ibis involvement was expected to result in more arrests and fl' complaints filed for spouse assault and increased coordination with - D social service provMers. The emphas~s on arrests and complaints is . ;- ~::~ -;::: '- Qased on the assumption that these efforts may contribute to a reduction '~-" 0 in recurrent- assaults and S'D:::ve as notice to the offender that such F II behavior is unacceptable. Previous research has indicated a reluctance ,() ~ on the part of criminal justice personnel to become involved in ,, "domestic" matters. To effect changes in these areas, the funding " . ' I '~ source allocated flll,1ds,to provide for tt"aining of law enforc~nt d"~ U .... ,~.' (; cJ \) Ci ~'=-=------,...... ::...."~-.--... ------~------... , ~------.-.--.. ~ ..... (,~ (I n I Ii' B II \1. • To examine the impact of project effori:s on the ]lJ.Stlce system, these procedures were undertaken.: . ' Referrals to t11e District Attorney f.or prosecution of North County spouse a asscmlt cases; increased by 7% ancL the proportion of those arrested that were ultimately charged increased by 6%. The resulting complaint/ 1. Examination of arrest and com!?lain~: delta before and after funding " Ii' arrest ratio changed from 1:4 to 1:3 in the second time period. 2. Administration of pre·-and post-surveys td North County police n n c: officers , '! 0, " 3. Administration bf a survey of polic~~ officers in jurisdictions c. ! TABLE 24 other than North Count~y n u 4. Distribution of a pre-post su.rvey of ,~ocial serril'ice providers. o SPOUSE ASSAULT CHARGES FILED RESULTS NOR'lH COUNrY POLICE AGENCIES n n 1978~79 (TIME 1) AND 1979-80 (TIME 2) Arrests for spouse assault increased in all North County pdliqe agencies excent Oceanside. ['he slight reduction in Oceanside contributed to the TIME 1 TIME 2 l.:. '. , I _ '. • same overall percentage (46%) aI;~,,'ested before and after mterventlon. n Number Reported u 358 373 D 'c:. Number Arrested 166 170 () Percent Referred to District Attorney FIGURE 20 I 35% 42% , ", n Complaints Filed* 39 51 :.:::: PERCENTt,GEOF ARRESTS FOR SPOUSE ASSAULT n Percent of Total Reported 11% , , 14% BY , 1978-79, 197\9-80 I Percent of Those Arrested Charged wi th Assault '10 ~------' i,D u 25% 31% Oamplaint/~rest Ratio 1978--1979 1:4 1:3 60 1979--1980 R .. ;i *Five persons in Time 1 and fourteen (14) persons in Time 2 were n fl cha:rg€ld with crimes other than assault, i.e., disturbing the peace, 50 , harrasSment, etc. 'lhese were not included in the analysis. 40% ,', fl I n IAW ENFORCEMENr ROLE I Currently, law enforcement is the only agency which has the responsi {] n c;- n ,(j bility, authority, and qround-tbe-clock availability to respond to 20 family conflict. Citizen reccxmitiol~i)of this was revealed in a n teiephone,:!survey of 502 North 'County citizens. Ninety percent (90%) n " Ii of ,t:~e persons called (450) indicated that incidents of wife beating 10, Q" • shQuld ,be reported to the police. , ,', ',.r II () t" 'lj G: L' II ) According to the literature in this area, disturbance cal.1l:l are o ~'_ ... _ ..... '-".: f~ily . Carlsbad Escondido Oceanside Total <) recq:Jnized af3,diffielllt, unpredict~le, and frequentiy hazardous/assign Agency N=166 N=170 ments. Statistics canpiled nationwide indicate that 25% of the offi CJ-20 Q cers killed in?-ction wereki,lled wh'ile answering a call for help Q n D invo.!ving d~estic viole[;!ce. " Of the officers injured, 28% were injured when "responq;mg to such calls (Younger, 1978). ~e potential for (j U· danger, the highly emot;ional and stressf~~ dynamic;::s of the situation, o n aoo,the attitudes towarddanestic disturbances influence the manner in wl)ich police react'to domestic violence calls. I) c\ .. " , H' oil Research has' shCMn that the police are in a po~n~ion to influence , vict~ms' subsequent behaviors with reaardto pursuing criminal justice actions and requesting assistance frat; social'servic~ agencies~ I':;' n By applying sanctions, "police can affect. the extent to which the offender pe~:geives hi$ beha~ior as unacce}:?table. .. n o , 72 I Co /. r \J 73 /i 11 .1 ' if \" , .. s::;;:;::s;;t -'-~---- -~----~ \,'0 o ------~- Police Survey (North County) .::;. a In 1979, 155 police officers in North County (approximately 76% of total for area) responded to a survey. 'Ibis survey was repeated in , February of 1981 (119 respondents) to assess changes regarding handling n of domestic violence situations. Survey questions involved issues such as which actions ~re taken when responding to domestic violence calls, the frequency of those actions, and aspects of the situation which influence the kind of action taken. In addition, officers were asked , to give their opinions regarding types of intervention, the value of arrest, and training received concerning domestic violence cases. The f) following discussion presents a surrrnary of survey results. (Complete 00 compilation is on pa.ge 133.) ~.,,:l o Results '[I i['" Analysis of pre- and post-survey responses ~pdicates that, since the (I inception of social assault projects, police,\ opinions and actions have been positively affected. Specifically, these changes were noted (Table 25): o More officers (increase of 8%) indicated that they ~~uld always/ often arrest a spouse abuser, thereby effecting a s~ction and increasing the potential for prosecution and/or diversion. 'i] o Officers in the second survey were more likely to enforce tempora~l' restraining orders (7% to 16%). J J) .0 Nearly 10% more bfficers indicated that they always/often compl~te , writtEm reports on spouse assault incidents. " o In the pre-survey, 34% of ·the offiCers agreed that their depar-gnent 19' I.'!} had specific guidelines for handling of family violence situations. \,\ TWo years later t~e percentage increased to 49%. n o o When asked if they had received specific training in the area of " family disput~s, only 8% of the officers in the pre-survey re sponded p:>sitively. The figures changed substantially in the ... post-survey as 37% indicated that had received training. . .. J~ '~ ..... o The need for additional training in particular areas was noted. D o Qver half (53.8%) expressed a need for training concerning arrest () Q procedures. for violations of Temporary Restraining Orc1eq,. In- [f _c.:ceased knowledge of crisis intervention and/or counseling tech- o ~ niques was indicated by 43% of the officers. Thirty-seven, percent .. 0 " \l "ll ,~(37%)of the officers expressed a need for information about c0m- muni ty resources. c, .. " ,·;1'1 ;::, .' o "";' . , /'1 G . . " '\ ,n, Cr ;)"" o o .~' f.ll " \1 74 C) " \l " , ' , ' o '!") ,II -\CS,';,;, n ------.... f TABLE 25 (I ACTIONS TAKEN WHEN RESPONDING '10 I J~ DOMESTIC VIOLENCE CALLS, NORl'H COUNl'Y POLICE OFFICERS SURVEY, 1979 AND 1981 () II j 0 ACTIONS PERCENTAGE OF RESPONDENI'S % DIFFERENCE Time 1 Time 2 ii Ii: N=155 N=119 'I' o i :1 Arrest Suspect i) 1I Iii Always/Often 1.3% 9.4% + 8.1% i\j jn Rarely/Never 60.1% 47.0% - 13.1% (Jl' ll! :I Ii, 'li iI, 0 Enforce Temporary Restraining ll\ en Order 11' Always/Often 7.2% 16.2% + 9.0% RarelY/!iJever 79.7% 53.0% -26.7% ., • " fl " Write Report Always/Often 11.8% 21.2% + 9.4% "I U Rarely/Never 41.8% 22.8% -19.0% I;'" Write No Report t Always/Often 50.0% 30.8% -·19.2% 1\ .In Rarely/Never 15.1% 18.0% + 2.9% "- ., . 1\ 'I ! Survey of Officers Throughout the Region ( \ I ! U The next section presents regionwide results of the pOlice survey. II Comparative analysis by agency revealed some differences. Federal .' funding was allocated to service providers throughout the region r n and several police agencies received training by staff of Battered Wc:men's Sen1Jces. Survey differences are likely due to operating :/ >' procedures and policies of different police agencies. The following .. / , ' i!~ 1] ,: I) " .. ' agencies participated in the survey: Carlsbad, Chula Vista, Escondido, , \, II La Mesa, National City, Oceanside, Sheriff's SUbstations in Lemon \ll GrO\1e, Poway', Santee, and Vista, and the Northern and Southeastern !I u divisions of the San Diego Police Department. Eighty-two percent (82%) of the officers in these departments resJ?Onded, with 389 surveys o· "'_ returned. '" tl / . o Nearly half of the officers (49%) indicated that they always/often refer victims/suspects te, social service agencies. /' 1] "0 " " , .. ' o Sixteen percent (16%) of the respondents noted that they always/ often enforce temporaty restraining orders. The range among .- o agencies was from 0 to 31% • ."", ~" .",- , I , y , ,; 0, 75 - v . , \ . o· ~ ;" ,:~:--::;~:'::'-.~~>"-;::~~~"-:'--:~~""'""-W:;~""'1<;;-"""""~=.~~~-"""..",,,.!W>_*_. ______-~1 -~~---~ --- The following discussion relates to opinions of police officers through- o l}eg,arding written reports, only 23% of the officers indicated that out the region regarding social service intervention. ' they always/often canplete reports on spouse assault incidents, but the range among agencies w~s considerable: from 21% to 40%. o Fifty percent (50%) of the office~~:in the region agreed that their Whep the question was rephrased to estimate reports per 20 calls, departments had specific guidelines for police handling of family i 13% of the officers said they canplete NO written reports. The violence situations. The range of agreement var~.~d from 12% to ran~Je in this category was 0 to 43%. This finding suggests that 69%. i"--,' I ~ ( official records underestimate the actual incidence of spouse 1 ass~LUlt. i o The majority of officers (84%) felt that it would be helpful to ;1 have a social worker/counselor available for refeu:oal of dprnestic :1 o tiighty-six. percent (86%) of the officers agreed that the decisi.on violence cases. to c;lrrest is strongly influenced by the victims I willingness to 1 proSlecute. The same percentage was indicated concerning non o Intervention by social services was perceived as most helpful on ," 1 family assault situations. Therefore, this may be a function of the same day of the incident by 62% of the officers compared to { :1 1 asscmlt cases, not just danestic violence. intervention on subsequent days. Police Procedures for Handling Child Abuse o Eighty percent (80%) of the officers indicated that they have and Spouse Assault Situations referred spouse assault victims/suspects to social services. Survey findings revealed differential law enforcement procedures for o 'lWenty-one percent (21%) of the officers estimated that they make child abuse cases when compared to spouse assault incidents. referrals in half of the domestic violence calls. o Offipers are more likely to arrest persons suspected of abusing a o Forty-one percent (41%) of the officers indicated that they had child than spouse assault suspects. ;(received training in the area of family disturbances during the vpast year. Considerable variation was noted arrong agencies as the o A report is nearly four times more liJ):ely to be canpleted in child range was from 0 to 86%. abuse situations than when the abuse involves adult participants. Social Service Providers Survey, I' " o Injui:y to the victim was cited by 76% of the officers as the situcttion that would most influence a decision to arrest in child A pre-post survey of 119 service providers in pw~lic and private abus~ cases. For spouse assault, this reason was noted by 31%. agencies addressed these individuals' perceptions of law enforcement intervention in domestic vi()lence situations. Et)sitive changes in the o When asked which situation would most influence the decision oor to post-survey can be attributEld to increased canrnunication between social make an arrest, the situation where the "victim does not wish to service personnel and the !XJlice. Percentage differences frOm 1979 prose~ute" was mentioned by 58% of the officers in addressing support this finding. Findings indicate that police officers are more spouse assault. For child abuse incidents, 54% cited "'''difficulty concerned about the child's welfare and treatment of the abuser. . , in determining who is the offender" as the situation that would They are more familiar with voluntary child care lcesources, and more influence an arrest decision. likely to be adequately trained in identification of child abuse. " II 0 l~arly half of the officers (46%) indicated that; of every 20 calls Respondents were asked if thE!y agreea or disagreed with these state to a child abuse incident, all have written reports. The corres ments (responses do not equal 100% because the ca1~egory of "don't !X'ndil~ figure for spouse assault was 2%. Seventy percent (70%) know/no opinion" is not included): said ]~eports are completed for fran one to four spouse assault incidE~nts (out of 20). o 1?o1ice invl:stigations tend to be directed tqward prosecution of the abuser with less attention toward the abused child and treatment '10I, Of every 20 calls to spOuse as~ault incidents, 44% of the officers of the abuser. :1 indicated that 10 or more involve mutual canbat. As might be ex Time 1 Time 2 % C~:lange peqtea, this figure was lower for child abuse situations (12% said --- :~- II " 10 or more) • Agreed 60% 50% - 10% 'II I' Disagreed 29% 42% + 13% I'~oordination With Social Service Agencies \1 , 11 ;,". (' :trn developing objecflives for funding priorities, the need for coordina bon,betwekn police agencies and social service providers was recognized. 'I , 77 76 II( ,I, ! \J d II , .:-d\~ " (J ~ -'(;";>') " , -"'"'. , \ ( '\ ,-., J i 'y' determine if counseling or referral services was desired. 'lhe ex o ~st police officers are not familiar with the voluntary child pectation of the program was to provide alternative resources for the ~re resources for abusing families. police and reduce recurrent violent acts. The first outcome was examined in this study but it is not known whether the program contributed Time 1 Time 2 % Change to a decrease in repeat behavior. Agreed 47% 43% - 4% Disagreed 24% 35% + 11% Evaluation Procedures o Most police officers are not adequately trained to identify child rue to the volume of activity in the City of San Diego, only one other abuse. area (Northern Division) was selected for canparison with the south eastern area. A twofold approach was taken: (1) A survey of pol ice Time 1 Time 2 .% Change officers in the northern and southeast areas; and (2) an examination of Agreed 56% 45% - 11% radio calls dispatched for family disturbances in these areas over a Disagreed 21% 39% + 18% two-rronth period. '!he first analysis assessed attitudes and actions taken wi1ile the second explored actual behavior when responding to With regard to p::>lice intervention in spouse assault incidents, re ~,ese L,cidents. Although findings indicate substantial differences spondents were asked to determine if change had occurred in factors bet~~en ~he areas in terms of practices and attitudes of officers, identified previously as barriers to effective intervention. The interpretation of findings should include recognition that differences following responses are pertinent to law enforcement anq\indicate that may also be Ot..'e to ot.'1er factors, such as composition of areas and the coordination efforts have considerably improved but little change was possibility of differing police practices. noted regarding negative attitudes Df criminal justice personnel. I i Data indicate that a close link with a social service refert'u agency has benefits. Table 27 reveals that officers in southeast were more TABLE 26 likely to complete written reports, almost twice as likely to enforce temporary restraining orders, and tw.i.ce as likely to refer participants PERCEPrION OF IAW ENFORCEMENl', SERVICE PROVIDERS SURVEY to a social service agency. Officers in Northern were more likely to N=119 express A need for additional training in knowledge of community resources wid pr-0Cedures for enforcing temporary restraining order-s. (Responses represent 87% of the patrol officers in northern and south BARRIERS 'lO MEETING VICTIM NEE~ LEVEL OF CHANGE east divisions.) I No Don't ,,~"/'" Improved Change Deteriorated Know I I Inadequate coordination be- 1 tween police and social service agencies 44% 27% 0 29% i Inadequate trainin~ of police 29% 37% 6% 29% Negative attitudes of criminal justice personnel 19% 44% 4% 33% \~ Police-Social Service Coordination in the San Diego Police Department cperatingprocedures in the San Diego Police Department provided a setting> ih which the effects of close linkages between police and referral sources could be be examined. In the Southeastern area of the city, a family referral program was developed in conjunction with the Family Ser.vices Association (mid-1980). When police responded 1r,O 'a family disturbance, they referred victims/offenders to the p~og7am. If program st:aff were not contacted, staff then contacted the Vl.ctlTIl to , 79 7~ " \., .'- =-=-== ~~ I TABLE 27 D I 10 -0 Actual Response to Family Disturbance Calls. J:)}ring the months of I SAN DIEG:) PATROL OFFICER SURVEY n u November and December, the San Diego Police Depar~t's communications NOR'IHERN AND SotJ'IHEAST DIVISIONS ) a C- N=148 ('j division "tagged" every distU}!:bance .. call that they perceived as a Surv~ Questions Percen~e of ResPOndents situation between adults who ~7ere either spouses or boyfriend/girl Northern SOutheast 1 '0 friend. 'lbe resulting canpute'r printout provided infonnation about Na 84 ~ ''0 differences in police handling between officers in the Northern and o ' Actiocw taken when reslX>Jlding to danestic violence calls: Southeastern areas. Table 28 indicates that officers in Southeast were (Percent always/often taking actions) (multiple responses) 0 8,- slightly rrore lfkely to file written repo:r.ts than Northern officers .. ,0' Make an arrest 11% 22' (7% canpared tq 2%);:". and expended more time at the residence • write a report 25% 40% Dlforce a Temporary Restraining Order 11' 20' -< Refer participants to 8 aocial service agency 29' 68' Tl~BIE 28 n l2' 0 Have you referred victims to oooial service agencies? SAN DIEGO POLICE ACTIONS IN FAMIL¥-RELATED r Yes 65% 90' . '~, , n DISTURa~E CALLS No 35' 10\ j 1 0 ple.~e name agencies to which you have l refer.red. Northern Southeast Battered W::rnen's Services, 58% , 'lbtal 415 calls* 552 1,045 I) n. !1 SOutheast Family Referral'\ 75' % Family-Related 35% 41% " others 42% 25' n No ~port Taken 94% 88% 0 Estimating, out of 20 calls to '" danestic violence situations, how Report Taken 2% 7% many have you referred? 5% 32' H Other Actioi,' (~) 4% 5% 0 Estimating for every 20 calls to a n 0 family disturbance, for how many Number of units Dispatched: One 24% 29% I·' calla do you c:arplete reports: ~ ;,, Two') 53% 51% None 7% 13% n Three 22% 19% 1 - 4 86% 60% ...... 5 - 9 7% 24% 8' 'lbtal Time Expended (out of Service): All have vn:itten reports 3% ° Less than 5 minutes 6% 6%~. ('!he fOJ..l.r.>./ing response percen tages 5 - 10 minutes 19% 12% do not equal 100% because "don't know" n category ·is deleted.) 11-20 minutes 27% 21% ;) 0 0 lDnestic violence situations are 21 minutes or more 48% 61% personal matt",rs that should be I" I)andled by social service agencies n rather" than criminal justice n agencies. Co,\) *Analysis did not include "barking dog", loud party, noise or disturbances n 0 in non-residences. Also, a recent study conducted by t,he U.S. Dept. of Agree 22% 40% Disagree 67% 49' Justice on crime and seasonality indicates that a higher number of ) 0 I\:>lice referral to a social worker or n disturbances occur in spring and smrrner months, so the two-month study counselor could be accanplished by: fi period should not be considered representative. 1/; Giving the victim a card with /Ii - ~ agencies and phone ntmbers 45' 32' I, - IIaving social service staff conta(Jt all victims reporting 'll II assaults to police 39% I' 21% PROSOC£JrION EFFDRI'S 11 - Having [Xllice officers seloot II II victims to be contacted by n social worker 30' 27% ,-} I,l Findings in the preliminary ev.aluation indicated that prosecution 0 Which of the followinq best describes ;,1 ,Ii n }'Our primary responsibility after ~ efforts toward child abusers WEre rare but more likely to be pursued insuring peace and safety? -~ n in cases of sexual molestation and/or death of a child. Also, charges .1''c'~i&~J" ; ~ - Act as mediator 38' 43' filed against abusersffare' associated with actions taken in juvenile .' ( d - Advise parties 'of legal options 33' 20' Refer parties to awropriate agencies 35% D· court, e.g. ,child removal, mandated counselling for parents. The I - 25' :.1 ~ Provide family counseling 2' n'-" ,. ° ~ ,~ secooo:'year evaluation focused on the issue of prosecution in spouse III '0 ,In which areas do }'Ou desire training? aD" (multiple res[Xlnses) assault cases. Evaluators examined the value of prosecution of) these Do cases as perceived by prosecutors, the role of social service pro- - COlIlllIIi ty l'eSOUrces 58' 32% - causes and dynamics of danestic " ,:yiders, changes in corwic:tion rates, and preliminary results of the new violence , ': 34' (:;.~ U - crisis intervention and/or '~Uversion law (provides for imandatea, counseling for first-time spouse ,. counseling teChniques 54' 52' - a;rest procedures for violations assault offenders). ',,' 1'" .. ' U". o~.. 'J'ern[Xl~ary Restraining orders 66' 59' _.• ~I 0 Have you received training in the 11 area of family dispo.Jtes during the 7 past year? "~frp' ,', Yes 5o, I D , 29' No 71% 50% ,0' ,~ ':;..~ ,1 ,; I" " ''';:, ·-ri 0'; Q ,. (l 80 . ~ 'i, D '" t~ --~.,..,' A\'i \J '~" 1 {-\ i'" c 0 -' r~ I!, \\c_' li, b cJ ,\ ') )-~JI\ <;) () ~ / (/ ., (r \.1 r ~ " " '0, () , -";''t 1> • II "0 ;) I II II ,\ '0 Ii II = II, " o {'r c I] , !.' II o , f: 0 " ~ ~ :J' , .;; ('0 ;1& (/ Q 0 Q ,'- 11 , (\0 o '" /' ~ .:~.\'. , ' o ~J o a " , , /j ".tI \ 0 ~ , ~ II ." ... 1\' .,,"" , . " :.0 j; \....-----:...... -...:...;~j---'---- I {} 'u I c. , II/" I . / 'Ih 1 .. .1" • In addit::on to data collected on dispOsitions of offenders, surveys O ;I e va u~ o~ prose~utlo~ m prevent1ng ~q/o: detelrr1ng acts of violence were conducted wit.l-I prosecuting attorneys and municipal court judges. I between mtlmates 1S not known. TWo asst:nnptl,ons qxe prevalent among The Distric·t Attorney chose not to have all deputies participate but "J fl / criminal justice personnel regarding the influence of participants' permitted one deputy district attorney to reflect the views of the o it' mari~l status. If the couple is remaining togethl:r, prosecution department. Ci ty attorneys resp:msible for filing misdeml:anor can .j . ;I e.~forts appear futile, yet if the couple is seekint3' dissolution there plaints in the City of San Diego did cc.mplete the survey. Attorneys t is a perspective that there is, no need for prosecution. Since 33%0£ surveyed are part of a domestic violence unit developed by the City n / the reported assault incidents occurred between persons who were not living together at the time of the assault, this asstnnption may not Attorney's Office. Highlights of~he survey include: (Complete 11 o /' caupilation of survey data is in Appendix B.) Ii be accurate. r~~vertheless, these attitudes negate prosecution efforts 1 n,. 1/ and place many-'wanen in a "catch'-22 " situation. Research in this area o Deputy city attorneys indicated that battery (242 P.C.) is the most 1 1 U "'1' suggests that prosecution is necessary to modify societal attitudes so common charge filed against spouse assault offenders. The deputy 0 j (' that w~fe beating is perceived as unacceptable behavior. The new D.A. said that felony wife beating (273.5 P.C.) was typically filed .U...· [ diversion law may represent a more sati$factory remedy for victims as in the District Attorney's Office. I / well as less frustration for criminal justice personnel. '0 'i Diversl.on of First-Time Offenders o Half of thQ~e surveyed said more spouse assault cases had come to ',--- their attention in the past year. n I' n ,/ On Julll' 1, 1980, legislation was ep.acted to provide diversion for o 'Ihe majority of the attorneys indicated that conmon dispositions '. l first-~;ime offenders charged with a misdemeanor assault on a spouse or include charges dropped before the preliminary hearing and/or a / a felony reduced to a misdemeanor. Ifhe provision allcms a batterer, 1/ with nc~ conviction for violence seven years prior to divertible offense, i plea to a lesser charg~ (415 P.C., disturbing the peace). ·n fl'" } / to be qliverted into counseling instead of criminal prosecution if he is o 'Ihe reason given for these cases not proceE'ding through the crim consid~~red treatable. Diversion provides an alternative to prosecution inal justice system was :that victims refuse to prosecute •. and/or .!divor'ce and reduces the potential for economic pressures on the p~ticft)t:U1ts, e.g., hiring anattorney, loss of breadwinner during jail tJ.JIle. : Slnce an o:f;,fender must be charged with the offense before con o City attorneys indicated that they refer v~ctims to social sel11 ice )( " l.;;:) agencies. Agencies/persons included Battered Women's Services, ~;~ sideration of diversion eligibility, the criminal sanction is retained. Conciliation Court, the clergy, and marriage counselors. On~ dj~verted, the batterer can receive from six months to two years of o City., attorneys noted that staff in these agencies have provided cOUnseJling subject to review by the Probation DePartment. The legis assistance by encouraging victim participation in the criminal U lationllstates that "criminal charges shall be dismissed if the divertee (f justice process,improving victim knowledge of criminal justice perfonirts satisf~ctorily during the diversion period. If the court operations and legal options, and providing support services to finds 1:hat thedivertee is not performing satisfactorily in the victims, e.g., transportation, child care. assign~~ program, or that the divertee is not benefitting fram diver [) o sion, ~pr that the divertee has been Lunvicted of a violent offense, the - Deputy District Attorneys interviewed in North County in 1979 agreed criminiu case shall be referred back to the court for resumption of i that the primary reason that complaints do not proceed through the criminal proceedings" (SB 1845). , system is the victims' refusal to prosecute. Analysis of crime reports In for two years showed that 6% more victLms initially wished to prqsecute, Althoul~h the legislation, in concept, provides a desirable option, -~ perhaps accounting for the slight increase in assault charges filed. local l~xperience ind~cates gaps and problems that .may hinder its n potent;ial effectiveness. From April 1980 through April 1981, 86 Although more persons were charged for spouse abuse in the second year, indivi~~uals were granted diversion. However, 53 of these were adult .~.~------'-'-- . , ...------.. <c·· .----.-----.-----~,-~~------~------{u';';o , -j, U violent acts, when all alternatives are considered. Yet 67% said they did not know if the mandated diversion legislation will be an problems Hindering Diversion Efforts 0 effective deterrent. These canrnents 1;.Jere given:' Accordingtq those surveyed, the legislation failed to specify which 1. Efforts tooard diversion are new and untested. batterers are "treatable", what kind of counseling is necessary, or for 2. Counseling must be enforced and supervised. how long. Of utmost concern is the fact that rio funds were awro n 3. Both parties should have counseling. , priated to provide the services. It was assumed that probation officers 4. No spouse assault case should ever be dismissed without proof would investigate cases based on a recommendation by the court, deter that parties have had at least 10 hour.s of counseling with a mine eligibility, refer to a designated service provider upon court nu qualified therapist. authority, and subsequently supervise the cases. In reality, operating procedures are quite different. The involvement of probation for deter Only two judges indicated,that more cases involving spouse assault mining suitability and qualifications differs among the courts. In have corne to their courts compared to last year. Half of the judges some courts, defendants are referred for pre-diversion screening DO n agreed that charges are liKl~ly to be reduced in spoUf;le assaGit cases assess eligibility; yet in other courts r judges automatically divert and this is likely to occur t'lt the prosecutor' s level~ In addition, with no pre-investivative repo~t. fifty-eight percent cited the;'~yictims' refusal to prosecute as the most '0 common reason that most of thes~ cases do not proceed through the The County Department of Social Services designated five service justice system. --- providers to be used for diversion counseling. (The divertee also has the option of private counseling at his own expense.) Of the five Comment by judges: Prosecution shoulq persist so court. can force ~n agencies, two serve service child-abusing families and cannot accept offenders into counseling ./.,;: The tenderl\lY tooard violent acts will not defendants unless a child was involved in the offense. Since the end by divorce, but be tr;ansferred to c3hother partner. Prosecutors section including children was eliminated, these agencies are serving are often persuaded that! divorce is pend'ing and problem will be solved. ' . only defendants diverted prior to January 1 of this year. An East IJ Screening for danestis!!violence counseling should be required in County agency, FeeUS, was not funded for FY 1982. The remaining every G~se by reconmefldation of the prosecutor. referral sources, Women's Resource Center (Oceanside) and Battered ::~'~~'-'\. /1/ Women's Services (San Diego YWCA) presently can handle the limited 8' " IMPLICATIONS OF C~INAL JUSTICE RESPONSE caseload. But as more criminal justice personnel become aware of the program, the volume may increase, thus placing additional burdens on The development of tederally funded projects to address the problem of staff funded to provide other kinds of services. Referrals to public n qamestic violence in~reased coordination of efforts between criminal agencies such as County Mental Health have been acc(pted reluctantly by justice cOlT\F.Qnents ;I~nd social service agencies. These efforts con personnel with existing caseload? Also, recent research condUcted in tributed to addressit1g the n~ds of several hundred victims of domestic Seattle, Washington, indicates-that wife beaters require specializ~ violence. wng-terjrn'! effects \\,on deterrence and victim traumatization treatment by counselors trained in. the dynamics of spouse abuse." n cannot be measured in a study) of this nature. Activities initiated by r criminal justice personnel, ·;if continued, may have the following Some criminal justice pe:t;'sonnel believe that the probation office results: supervises diver,tees. Beyond the referral to the counseling source and ~~ a phone call six months later, .. there is no supe~.isionby probation 1. An attitude by criminal justice personnel that perceives domestic officers. If divertees select their own counselor, there is no assur violence as a serious crime in this region. q;) ance that the therapist is qualified or skilled in this problem area. ij Since nearly half of .those diverted choose privatedcounseling, guide 2. Actior~d that indicate to the victim and offender that this behavior lines should be developed specifying counselor qualifications, type of is unacceptable and requires intervention such as arrest, referral treatment, and clear definitions of the tetmS "satisfactory perfor to social service agencies, complaint filing, diversion. rnancejbenefitting from counseling". I )) t'" II Prosecution of offenders may not always be a desirable alternative for ' .. Judicial Response victims/offenders, but mandated diversion to counseling qannot occur Ii until an incident reaches the prosecutor's level. Therefore, criminal .(1 Twelve municipal court judges throughout the county ·responded to a . .,; justic~ administrators throughout the region should encourage the survey about spouse assault cases. Excluding traffic court judges, follooiqg~..?ictions : survey results reflect 32% of the municipal court judges. Comments concerning diversion are presented beloo. (Complete compilation of n 1. Additional personnel in police agencies, prosecutor's office, and purvey data is in ~ppendix B.) the courts should receive training regarding dynamics of spouse assault and available sanctions/alternatives for victims. The majority of judges felt that some form of mandated counseling I , J, '~ (,' may be the most effective sentencing alternative for deterring futUre , 85 , ~." 84 II ! /'...... '-' , .~ " --:- -- \1 ,-.~,:,-., .... " . __ .~ __ ",,_ .. ,J\-L'_': __...:_~. ,, __ ~,, __ ,. __ , n \~\ 2. Police officers sh\ould be required to complete re};X)rts on s};X)use u assault incidents. i 3. Law enforcement ag~!ncies should be required to canpile statistical n 1/Jdata concerning inc.idents\: of domestic violence. , 4 ~ .Training should occ\'lr to increase the a\vareness of prosecutors so . that nnre cases of ~~ssaultJ can be diverted, (provided the criteria n are met) • 5. Effects of diversion, as deterrence should be examined. D It should be remembered lthat mandated diversion't6 counseling cannot occur without the fol1ow~ng actions: U 1. An incident is re};X)rt!ed to };X)lice. 2. Police complete a reBprt. 3 • SUspect is arrested. ! U 4. Suspect is charged wi'1:b crime. 5. Prosecutor/defense at;~orneys review eligibility for diversion. 6. Diversion is reccmnen(~ed and approved by the court. fl I U ..l/ n 11 . n B C,HAPTER 4 ''0 (j QUALITY OF I SERVICE DELI\fERY AND (J \1 EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONAL I . STRUCTURES :) I- o .• . t '" I 'j I b I I 86 ~ ~~~~f~.~{--.,~--~----.-·~.,~.~~----~----~~~~--~----,~--~~~--____-= __ ~ _____ ==~ +-, ',. " ...... :~ ,» _0'· ",- p i ,/ ~ II l.'c______·---~--',...------·' .. ------~l \ I , D 'I 8 0 TABLE 29 o 'I A smaller percentage of resp.Qndents felt thc!tt the initial role of. , " IJolicediscourages victims' subsequent requE~sts for assistance (67% U OBSTACLES 'IO EFFOCTIVE INTtmvENTION ccmpared to 74%). SroUSE ASSAULT SITUATIONS, LEVELS OF CHAI\K;E o \ fJ PERCEIVED BY SERVICE PROVIDERS o Fewer post-respondents felt that services ~{~r battered women are U FEBRUARY 1981 i:ragmented and poorly coordinated as 50% agfteed with this sU'.l.tement c:a:npared to 74% in 1979. D 0 N = 94 o Seventy-eight percent (78%) of those surveyed agreed that one agency BARRIERS a , LEVEL OF CHANGE should serve as the focal point for initial referrals. D Improved No Change Deteriorated Don't Knoo o Intervention at the time of crisis is perceived as most effec,tive fl Inadequate coordination by 75% of the respondents. between police & social U \\ service agencies 44% 27% 29% , II Meeting Victim Needs n 't\I Ii Victims unwilling or I1 1 l' In the pre-survey, the fbllooing facfbrs were identified as obstacles JJ reluctant to seek help 35% 48% 1% 16% \ {I, to meeting/the needs of hpouse assault victims. Table 29 ir.dicates n \ ~I the exten:t to which resp6ndents perceive changes in these barriers. Victims not aware of I Areas shbwing the greatest improvement were coordination between police available serVices 37% 38% 4% 20% an.a sor.:ial service agenci(~s and public attitudes toward spouse assault. U 1 II' Factors perceived as continuing obstacles include negative attitudes of 0 Public attitudes ~ I criminal justice personnel, minimal resources expended on the abuser as toward spouse assault 47% 33% 1% 19% .~ \ I a preventative measure, and victims' unwillingness to seek help. fi, [J " ~ ',' Negative attitUdes ':' ~ of criminal justice "I 0 personnel 19% 44% 4% 33% \ I n Inadequate training f;i fJ of police 29% 37% 6% 29% n' Insufficient resources ,,I' (personnel and/or ~ .J.;t [J facilities) 20% 42% 18% 20% , \, , 0 r;' Minimal resources rr expended on abuser D as a preventative I. n measure 7% 49% 16% 27% 'i\"'ll n [i G U NOl'E: Percentages may not equal 100 due to roun o D 8· " D 91 90 D," , U U ~""""'r \.11, · o .. - I~' h_ o , ' 8 0 " D (J (/ Resources Ranking fJ respondents. Eighty-seven percent (87%) indicated that a centralized fl" information system should be developed,tG:'record ana track cases of child abuse.'" Short-term shelter for women and children 1 Crisis intervention counseling ,> 2 (J Coordination with Criminal Justice Agencies Counseling for both spouses 3 D Preventative se~Jic~s 4 Continuing support services for abused women 5 Over half the professionals (52%) agreed that coordination efforts [J between criminal justice components and social service agencies have Gammunity outreach (awareness & education) 6 n increased since 1979. Training for law enforcement officers 7 Legal assistance 8 Canbining of Divisions of Department of Social Services Job training/placement 9 fl \\ ~J 'Ihisresponses were consistent with results that ranked how financial Forty-three perc€.:'lt (43%) of the service providers did not feel that resources should be allocated. 0 canbining the dependency and child protection divisions has improved n service delivery to child abusing families. Forty-two percent (42%) Resource Expenditure had no opinion and 13% agreed that service delivery has improved as a result of the reorganization efforts. That efforts should be taken , l,/ D to treat the family with the child remaining in the hane was noted by Shelter care facilities 1 "(:) n ~}, 73% of the service providers. Counseling and referral services for the victim 2 ";';~J Counseling services for the abuser 3 More emphasis toward "at-risk" families as a 0 Resources Needed for Child Abusing Families preventive measure 4 n Training of criminal justice personnel 5 Service providers were asked to identify resources necessary for effec Educating the public 6 tive service delivery to victims of child abuse. Respondents rank n ordered the services with one (].) being the most needed. The order did Implementing court~rdered diversion programs 7 u not change from the time of the pre-survey: CHILD ABUSE I'"I.'. 0 Service Rank Two events may have influenced survey responses concerning services to n (7 Bedspace for children in crlS1S child abusing families. In March, ,1980, a st~te-man~ated! 24-~our 1 [j Counseling for abusing parents .. Emergency Response System was instltuted. ThlS provlde~ ~~late 2 crisis intervention/protection by social workers to famllles ln need n Increase in D:partm~nt of Social Services staff 3 "l? Adequate training for professionals in 1("" after normal working hours. Also, in mid-1980, the Depar~nt of Social Services combined the divisions of D:pendency arld Chlld Pro , identification and treatment 4 [1 Respite care facilities , . tective Services with the goal of improving efficiency. This measure , 5 also limited the voluntary services provided by the department and ,)\ Improved quality of out-of-home placements 6 focused on court-ordered services. Notwithstanding the effects of Quantity of out-of-home placements 7 these changes, highlights of survey findings are presented below (118 [J Transportation services 8 respondents): Homemaker services 9 fi Emergency Response System til' n Over a third (36%) of those sU~leyed agreed that implementation of In the survey conducted in 1979, service providers identified obstacles or barriers to effective intervention in child abuse situations. The the 24-hour r~sponse system has improved service delivery to child '- Ll abusing families. However, respondents were d~vided on whethe: ~: , post-survey asked respondent$ to indicate the extent to which improve ments have occurred in specific areas. Table 30 presents the results. system has reduced confusion about which agencles have responslbllltles '\ at different intervention points. Thirty-two percent (32%) agreed that it had, 32% disagreed, and 41% did not know. (J Central Information System n A problem that hampers effective service del~very is the lack of cen tralized information and feedback to professlonals who report abuse. In both the pre- and post-survey, th~\s was mentioned by a majority of u (J ~ , , . 93 92 .: ,', V ------~~----- / ------',~"-.-.. , .. .. "' .. ~ .. "'~ , .- / ------ c u ...... -w 8 U Uc> TABrE 30 11 TABLE 31 RESFOODENl'S' OPINICN) mx;MDING CfWiGES IN c:BS'.IY\CLES '.00 EFFEm'IVE nm:RV'Etfi'ION IN CHILD ABUSE CASES U RESOURCE ALLOCATION FOR CHILD ABUSE SERVICES SERIJICE PROVIDER SURVEY' U SERVICE PROVIDER SURVEY N" 118 cO Level of Change Cbstacle/p;tib~em D Improved tb Change Deteriorated D:>n't Know N ::: 118 Percent of Resource Allocation 56% 11% 21% 1. Poor parenting skills 12% B [J Area of Need " (Dollar Apportionment) lack of formal pJlicies ooncerning 2. 28% 7t 34% treatment 31i Follow-up Counseling with Abusing Family 30% lack of formal J;X)licies concerning Bedspace for Children 22% 3. 31%.' 12% 35% child removal 22% n U Suppor~ Services (Hanemakers, Transportation, rack of a rnulti-disciplinary aI=Pt'Oach Ch~ld Care, etc.) 20% 4. 32% 12% 26% to inv~stigation and ~~tment 30% Training of Criminal Justice/Social Services 5. lack of ccmnunity awareneis regarding 9% 18% Personnel 19% long-range implications of abuse 47% 26% n [1 Other 9% 13% 37% Inawropriate placement of ct-'ldren 18% 31% 6. , f // 7. Inadequate follow-up after 24% 32% Total 100% substantiated abuse lEi% 28% [J 9% 36% 23% 32% 8. Insufficient investigative resources " Improving Services to Child-Abusing Families £:, 9. Insufficient treatment resources 15% 23% for families 29% 42% fl \ I' ReS~Qdents were,asked their opinions concerning how rehabilitative ...; -, serv~ces to abus~ng parents could be improved. Since additional re Percentages may not equa,l 100 due to rounding. . tbte: \ {'''' sources are g7nerally in~icated as most important, respondents were asked to cons~~er,other ~ssues beyond the need for more staff and \\ ' J money. The rnaJor~ty of responses are categorized below: ,\ The area showing the most improvement was increased community awareness iTI,i \ ' about.the implications of abuse. This change was evident also in C ~ [i citizen responses to a telephone survey conducted by evaluation staff. I Counseling - Comments about counseling focused on quality and kind: Citizens indicated a high degree of awareness regarding available ser,rices and the dynamics of child abuse incidents • The obstacle \ r,l o When abuse has been identified parents should be mandated showing least change was "insufficient investigative lresources". Since \\ U involved in counseling. ' to becane the Deparbnent of Social Services has primary responsibility for in , ... vestigation, this response refers to staff reductions in the children's .. o Explicit goal,criteria ~ould be developed when counseling begins division of that department. Fifty-two percent (52%) of the service [1 ~d ~egal a~t7on ~aken 1f concrete expectations are not achieved providers noted that either no change had occurred in "inadequate w~ th~n spec~f~c tlffie periods. ',' follow-uP investigation after abuse is substantiated" or that this o Mor: coun~eling should occur in the home with emphasis on home situation had deteriorated. [1t ~ln~ sk~lls.and co~i~g behaviors. These areas are often deficient The need for follow-uP counseling to.child abusing families was re ~n Ch1ld abusl.ng famll1es. iterated when respondents indicated how resources should be allocated - () (; q:, for assistance. Table 31 shows the breakdown. The most frequently n· o use/avail~ility of church counSeling services should be explored mentioned resource was follow-uP counseling for abusing families. as po~en~lal for additional resources at lower cost. If churches "," are w~lllng ~o accept the challenge, services could be available in ,:;) areas of res1dence. n ',;;'1 o Counseling services should reflect needs of different cultural ~~. ~ :j n I 94 .I • I 95 ! - .' I D 1[) Increased Accountability for Rehabilitation outcomes' Presenting ~lasses;Workshops 0 ~ D 'Ihe need for coordination between police and the Department of Social o More classes should be available in more locations and qbusing/ II S,:rvices is obvious since stat.e law requires involvemE'nt by both en at risk parents should be mandated to attend. U n t:ities. Assessment of intervention in child abuse cases is difficult because minimal information is available regarding the kinds of services o An incentive program (reward system) should be ~eveloped to motivate ~ pirovided. It is clear that protection and safety of children are attendance. 0 ci::trried out in a timely manner. What is not evident is the nature of o Classes should account for cultural differences regarding child B c> follow-up services with child abusing families and the extent to which rearing and differences between parents' mental capabilities. ] sl:rvices deter furthE!r abase. There are tWo reasons for the paucity of information. First, there are no policy guidelines regarding which Self-Help, Support Groups B f D kinds of services arE! needed for which kinds of families, or how long ~hese services should! be provided. Procedures are more specific for o Additional groups like Panmts Anonymous should be initiated with ~hose children under court supervision, yet actual kinds of services are professional guidance and made available throughout the region. fl 0 directed at the discretion of juvenile court judges. Secondly, ob I baining follow-up information on reports of child abuse at the Depart Use of Volunteers/para-Professionals J ment of Social Services is an extremely time consuming task requiring [1 j U manual examination of numerous file systems. The lack of standards and o More effort should be made to encourage former ablli5ive parents to ~he difficulties in obtaining information preclude any definitive statements regarding the effectiveness of various intervention in child work in support groups. abuse situations. o Volunteer community resources should be explored to provide support n B services, e.g., transportation, child care. Evaluation efforts based on a small sample of cases revealed that 33% of I the families had a prior incident reported to DSS. This figure could Public Education/Awareness fl n be higher or lower when the total number of reported cases is examined. The point to be stressed is that this kind of information is not ac o rfforts to inform the corrnnunity of the problem and available re n cessible to provide benchmarks for assessing quality of services. In sources should be strengthened. An "educational van" could be used ~ 0 essence, there is minimal information about what kinds of services for many locations. "work" with which kinds of families. o The media should provide more information about abuse in creative EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES ways to attract public attention., n 0 i Evaluation efforts over two years allow some general conclusions re MobilizationfiJtilization of Existing Resources garding organizational structures of agencies serving victims of II 0 domestic violence. o Existing community resources (public and private) need adequate support for continuation. A formi:dized procedure to insure linkages o Service providers with strong linkages to law enforcement and and feedback at intervention points is needed. - , 0 prosecutors receive more referrals, can provide immediate inter II vention, and are more likely to have easy access to police files in o Professionals need training to learn of available and appropriate order to contact victims. servicer:., ~~qr referral to counseling sources. n D o If police agencies have some involvement or voice concerning the o Private sector counseling/legal personnel could be asked to donate operations of p~ram, the program's credibility with police officers (primary referral source) will be enhanced. Additionally, continuity time and expertise. '. [J- 8 is more likely if staff turnover results. Involved Professionals Should Be Required to Attend '\ Monthly Meetings to Insure Coordination and Continuity o Those agencies that have been in existence for at least two or of Assessment and Treatment Efforts c) fl three years and offer a wide scope of services are most effective in n meeting the needs of victims. Obviously, the abuse or beating is o Cross training should be conducted to increase awar,:ness of functions symptomatic of other problems ~mich influence the quality of life of police, courts, and the Welfare Department (Department of Social i] of the individuals involved. Also, research suggests an association \ ~-' Services). n " . [J n 97 , 96 fl ~ , ~ 1 U ... ~. r' ------_."'+ " ,.\',t \:';: --';; .,----..- t:::;:;.. :t;: .. =--=rn .... w I ~ 1 I .':" U 1. '!he children's division has reduced its services to families who : ! between child abuse and spouse abuse. Awareness of, and awropriate o voluntarily seek assistance. Many service providers assist these \-:-:_ , i referrals to, other agencies that can assist victims also enhances families.' ! the effectiveness of the core service providers and establishes U project credibility. n 2. Turnover of staff in the children's division hampers coordination efforts. Child Abuse D o 3. When a staff from an agency, (e.g., public health, school), is '!he Department of Social Services (DSS) has the primary responsibility n requested to assist in a child abuse case, that person is pulled for follow-up investigation of abuse cases and supervision of rehab away from an assigned area with specific tasks. A team concept ilitation efforts with abusing families. DSS staff in the children's fl could not be operationalized without increased staffing in all division coordinate their activities with other public and private u primary agencies. agencies (public health, schools, Casa de Amparo, Family stress tenter). The previo~s section described the problems affecting service delivery n and the lack of availableinfor.mation~~arding effective intervention. U TO improve service delivery and develop accountability regarding inter U vention efforts, the folla'ling activities should be considered: ;'1 U o '!he IEpartment of Social Services, with input from the Child Abuse Coordinating Council and private agencies, should develop standards fl regardil1g rehabilitative services to child abusing families and hold II U service providers accountable for provision of these services. TO facilitate this process, a centralized information system should be U l developed to include caaes in which abuse has been sustained, kind U of services provided, length of service, and outcomes pertinent to concrete eXF€ctations determined in initial discussions. Regular, fl periodic assessment of these dat4 would provide administrators and elected officials with information on which to base decisions 0 and implement policy regarding the handling of child abuse cases. t Enhancements to the state reporting law can assist this process if n carried out as stated. According to changes enacted by Senate Bill U 781, effective January, 1981, mandated reporters no longer need report to both law enforcement and welfare, but each of these n f agencies are required to report incidents of suspected abuse to the U other. '!he other change requires the recipient of the report (police or welfare) to inform the mandated reporter of the results n or disposition of investigation of the incident. If these activ I] ities are carried out, available information can be streamlined for D use in the data base. n '. o A multidisciplinary team concept should be implemented by the De 0 partment of Social Services. Initial services should be centralized with a member of each primary agency (police, medical, social B service) on a 24-hour on-call basis. After safety and protection is U· insured, team members should mutually develop assessment and treat ment plans with realistic goal expectations for families, to be 0' . achieved within a specific time period. A coordinator from the team " should be assigned to the family and provide feedback to service 0 providers and family members. el( Operationalizing the' 'team concept should be undertaken with recognition of these considerations: IB I ~ 99 98 ~ /' ------..",...,..~--....,...,...... ,....-~------....,...... ,.,.,.....,...... -.....--""':"""--,----... - ... -.-.~~------~~ ,-.Jk~~:-="---.-- - '1 I Wh~ Men Beat/Abuse Wives or Girlfriends - Citizens were asked: "In your op~nion, why do some nen beat thet;: wives or girlfriends?" Only 47 people said they didn't know or didn't have an opinion, so responses I were given by 455 citizens. Opfnions fell in the following categories: (Multipl~ responses were tabulated.) I o 83% -- Psychological/emotional problems of the man which lead to feelings of insecurity and-limit ability to cope with life situations were seen as major reasons for spouse abuse. '!hese factors were o considered to influence feelings of anger and frustration and associated with loss of control. ' n o 27% -- Individuals said that men who abuse ~en were likely to have been abused as children and/or witnessed thei~l parents' in volved in violent acts. Experiencing such behavior could lead to similar patterns in adult.life. n o 23% -- The influence of drugs and/or alcohol was considered a con~ ~ tributing factor. /.. n J) 0 o 12% -- Marital difficultiE:s, e.g., poor conmunication, lack of love, sexual problems, w~re-expressed by some. -::.- "( u o 12% -- Respondents indicated tha~/females frequently provoke the abuse either by verbal confronta1:ion or initiating the first physical act. Some persons said that wanen contributed to the abuse by u staying with the abuser. rrhe female as an instigator to violent acts was more likely to be ~ited by male respondents than females, 17% to 8% respectively. rrhis was the only category that reflected a n difference between male and female respondents. o 11% -- Sa.mepersonsihaicated that other external factors such as financial problems and job stress affected the frustration level D of males. n o 5% -- A minority of persons associated wife beating with a cultural U acceptance of violence. " ' 7:;;:::~~>''' j' .Why W~n stay - Individuals were asked their opinions about the reasons n Uj) CHAPTER 5 that wanen remain in relationships in which they are abused/beaten. '!he total respondents was 468 and are categorized belCM: (Multiple COMMUNITY/fATTITUDES re,lpponses were given.) n U o 48% -- Factors relating to economic dependency were mentioned along with the idea that manY.,\«)men feel "trapped" and do not perceive H alternatives to their situation. Female respondents were mpre U· likely to express these reasons than males. o 33% -- A third of those surveyed indicated that battered wanen were n n "masochistic", "disturbed" ,"stupid", or "enjoyed" being abused (no difference between male and female respondents). 8 n o 31% -- Fear of reprisal from the ab~er was a factor noteq by more females than males. I" u I 104 0 H· , , I .J ------~------~----~------.------~-- ~,---" ~ ~ U /' ! d U 1 Community' Attitudes U ISSUE 6: WHAT A'ITITUDES ARE REFLECTED BY THE CGlMUNITY WI'IH REGARD TO THE PROOLEMS OF S1~OUSE AND CHILD ABUSE? J U I~ I u SUMMARY A telephone survey of San Diego Counley citizens sought opinions regarding the problems of spouse assault and child abuse. Attitudes concerning the scope of the problem in individual conmunities were explored as well U as reasons for this behavior. The majority of citizens' responses were consistent with professional research in this area that identifies J U psychological and socio-cultural factors associated with abuse. , DISCUSSION ,I ';!.) l U TO examine citizen attitudes toward the problems of spouse assault and child abuse, a telephone survey was conducted. 'Ibis effort was under taken in late 1979 and repeated in January, 1981 to assess changes in t awareness levels and opinions. The 1981 survey comprised 502 citizens 0 throughout the region, although the first survey involved only citizens in North County. Highlights of the survey are presented be,lCM. (Canplete o canpilation of survey data is in App.:mdix B.) SURVEY HIGHLIGHTS .' o .s~use Assault ! , . , <:. ,I. o Nearly a third of the citizens (32%) felt that wife beating was a o problem in their community. i o Eleven percent (11%) of those su~:veyed said they knew a wanan who was involved in a battering situation. I o ! .. \ o Sixty-six percent (66%) agreed that the police or courts should f' . intervene in wife beating situations rather than participants trying c' ~ fil' I J'G to resolve the problems themselv€~s • ~ u '0 '. . '\ o Most resp::mdents (70%) indicated that they would call t:J:le police " o if confronted with this problem •. o When asked what efforts might prE~vent wife beating; 83% said coun seling for the involved parties; educating and informing the community "./ ~I D was indicated by 52%, and over a third (36%) said that arresting the abuser might prevent this occurr~!nce. ," , ! " ... ;.,."-r;;-;r> . . ,f) - ' [1 , ,. , I G) 103, " D Preceding page tlank !II .~ , f , I --~------··~:--·-.r----·-7)····'·----· ' ~ t' " " -~~-----~--~----. >.'!-' '~"f !i ,;, " . , .. t / (j ." 'lJ. ~~ij __~,~_~ ____ u ,j m ,If /1 Why Men Beat/Abuse Wives or Girlfriends - Citizens were asked: "In your o 14% - Respondents indicated that'cultural values and expectations opinion, why do some m:!n beat their wives or girlfriends?" Only 47 u u such as the sanctity of marriage, pressure to keep the family t people said they didn't know o~didn't have an opinion, so response$ together and tile stigma attached to divorce could influence a woman were, given by 455 citizens. Opinions fell in the follCMing categories: to stay. I (MultiplE;! responses were tabulated.) u JU 17 o 11% -- Respondents noted that, in some relationships, there may fr@ o 83% - Psychological/emotiol')al problems of the man which lead to more "love" expressed than beatings, ,and wanen may feel that the men I feelings of insecurity and-limit ability to cope with life situations 0 will change their behavior. I were s~en as majorreas6ns for spouse abuse. '!bese factors were ' U I considered to influence feelings of anger and frustration and o 5% - A minority of people indicated that early childhood experiences associated with loss df control. " ., involving violent acts between parents may affect expectations of I B U behavior regarded as acceptable or "normal". i o 27% -- Individuals said that men who abuse wanen were likely to u have been abused as children and/or witnessed their parents' in Child Abuse ~ volved ~n violent acts. Experiencing such behavior could lead to U u similar patterns in adult'.life. o Over a third (38%) of the citizens said that child abuse was a I problem in their corrununity. '!his reflected an increase of 7% over I o 23% - The influence of drugs and/or alcohol was consiqered a con 8 1979. In Oceanside, a higher percentage (52%) of the citizens felt ! tributing fact9r.' U child abuse was a problem. o 12% -- Marital difficulties, e.g., poor communication, lack of o Nine percent (9%) of the North County respondents indicated that love, sexual problems, we~e expressed by some. U fl they knew a child abuse victim. In the rest of the region, this figure was 3%. When asked if t.~at person was receiving help from , '.\ o 12% -- Respondents indicated that females frequently provoke the an agency, 46% said they were. This was a substantial increase abuse either by verbal confrontation or initiating the first physical B' over the previous year (22%). !" act. Some persons said that wanen contributed to the abuse by U staying with the abuser. The female as an instigator to violent o When asked who they might call for help if they knew a child being acts was more likely to be ~ited by male respondents than females, abused, the majority said the police (67%). 17% to 8% respectively. This was the only category that reflected a n o difference between male and female respondents •. () o Seven percent (7%) of the citizens admitted that, in their child '? hood, a family member had been abused, with physical abuse mentioned o 11% -- Some ~rsonsinaicated that other external factors such as 0 U most often. financial problems and job stress affected the frustration level of males. o '!be majority of citizens (69%) agreed that the government has the B legal right to determine when disqipline of children by parents o o 5% -- A minority of persons associated wife beating with a cultural is excessive. acceptance of violence. rb Why Children Are Abused - In response to the question, "Why do sane n 1\ WhyWornen S€ay - Individuals were asked their opinions about the reasons U people abuse their children?" citizens' responses were consistent with that wanen remain in relationships in Which they are .abused/be'.1ten. professional opinions concerning causes/reasons for child abuse. ,,'!be total respondents was 468 and are categorized belCM: (Multiple responses were given.) , n o o '!he majority of responses (83%) related to frustrations of adults I. associated with poor self;,"esteem and insecurity. Citizens perceived r o 48% -- Factors relating to economic dependency were 'mentioned along that the combination of these factors create difficulties in coping "" with the idea that many women feel "trapped" and do not perceive n with children and can lead to a loss of control. alternatives to their situation. Female respondents were more U' -likely to express these reasons than males. o Over a third of the respondents (35%) noted that parents who abuse , .~ .' children most likely \>!ere abused themselves as children and are not o 33% -- A third of those surveyed indicated that battered warnen were o aw~re of alternative ways to handle children. "rqasochistic", "disturbed", "stupid", or "enjoyed" being abused (no II difference between male and female, respondents) • o Twenty-five percent (25%) indicl~ted that child abuse was a result of ",," . tJ ignorance, lack of ,education, arl;'p poor parenting skills. o 31% -- Fear of reprisal from the abuser was a factor noted by more I, ~ females 'than males. /i I U ; 104 ! , o 105 , --""~ ---- -~-..,---.,.,- - -- -~ .....".- ,,¥r Jr fl ;' D ! Ii o Citizens (17%) perceived external factors such as socioeconomic and cultural differences, inflation, and family breakdown to be asso H h~ ciated with child abuse. IiI' f I) o A small minority of citizens (4%) indicated that children are n9 r" responsible for their own abuse because they misbehave and resist discipline. t T ~ 0 f W j rn B I I1 E i J 00 ~ 8P til I 8 I U. ~ B 00 D rn,', B m " 0 ~ ,:j I ,~ '. B, ,~ .~ I , ,;;tJ I R:EFERENCES ':l~ G I- G ., .1 " , I 0" ,'I fi (; 1 (I D r B -;r' H D n ~' I I 106 ..f .I'. l~ U () u. 0 .- Ii ". L-~ -----~·"':"'------T'~-·:~- ~~ ---'-'----,-.-'~--J---. -, ,-~ .. ...· ...... _. -----...... ,..,,--_--,.__ _ ~ I£Clr"\", 0' '- I,. / \"~ ~ ~ ~ , .... '. ~ . ," .. [\ -, ._-,• .• ~.-'" .'""-~ ." •• ,«. ~~j U<1 References [\ 1- Antoine, Donald. The Police Role in Danestic Violence Programs,. Garden Grove Police Department, Unpublished Paper, 1978. U'i;J 2. Bolin, David. "Police-Victim Interactions: Observations from the Police Foundation", in Evaluation and Change, July 1980. U,I 3. California Department of Social Services, Report to the Legislature, Domestic Violence pilot Project Centers, January 1980. U 4. Kessler, Francis. Defining the Problem of Danestic Violence, Unpublished Paper, 1978. U 5. Lentzer, Harold and Marshall DeBerry, Intlinate Victims: A Study of Violence Among Friends and Relatives, U.s. Dept. of Justice, Washington, D.C., 1980. I E'\ I 6. Langley, Roger and Richard lJavy. "Wife Abuse and the Police Response", in FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 1978. I :\ \ U 7. Schwartz, Jeffery. Crisis Intervention Training Program, 1977. I i, '( 8. Stachura, James and Rayrrond Teske. Spouse Abuse in Texas, , UJ Criminal Justice Center, Sam Houston State University, 1979. \, , I 1 '\, 9. Boy, Maria. Battered Wanen, Van ~-bstrand Reinhold Company, 1977. I rn<1 ,~ i "\ 10. Williams, Kristen. The Role of the victim in the Prosecution of Violent Crimes, Institute for Law and Social Research, Washing " i \ ton, D. C., December 1978. i ~ i ,~ I ! ~ 11. Younger, Evelle, Handbook on Danestic Violence, California State Attorney General's Office, 1978. APPENDICES '" ' o I U ~I D II Preceding page blank 109 , . ·1111 I , 1 Ii Preceding page blank . , =---\~"""""'~ .. " 1 " e rn. Appendix A Data Collection Forms , " SOCIAL ASSAULT \ A gency Case Number Penal Code _Type __ Suspect i"J'osl!nt I ru Evidence of Alcohol/Drug Use: 0= Unknown 1 = Spouse 1 ~ No \j 2 = Fllmily __ Victim __ Suspect 3 = Ntln-family 2 = Yes 0= Unknown 1 c No __ Police Referral 11,I ~. __ Repor~ Type __ Physical Injury 2 = Yes !I· ' 1 = Crime 0= Unknown 2 = Incident __ Medical Treatment 1 = No 3 = Citizen's arrest form __ Paramedics 2 = Yes II To __ Hospital .. _--- Occurred Repo.rted Describe __ Victim Desires Prosecution 1 0= Unknown Date 1 = No (mo/day/yrl 2 = Yes Time __ Victim Changes Mind ~ U (24 hr clock) __ Prior Incidents 0= Unknown 1 = No 0= Unknown 2 = Yes t 0 1 = No Name of Victim 2 = Yes Date De~cribe 0 AddrElss of Victim District Attorney __ Complaint Filed Name of $uspect/Birthdate 0= Unknown j 1 = No '. [1 '--- 2 = Yes . Address of Suspec~ Dater 1 Characteristics - Reason not filed ! [l __ Victim - Suspect Relationship Victim Suspect 1 = Spcluse 2 = Bo·~friend-girlfriend Age (in years) '. 3 = ?<'Irent-sibling 4 = Siblings Sex 5 = Other family 0= Unknown ---- __ Victim in Project Files 0 6 = Acquaintance 1 = Male 7 = Strllnger 2 = Female 0= Unknown 0= Unknown 1 = No I 2 = Escondido , , I Ethnicity --- __ Victim - SUSP'lct Status 0= Unknown 3 = Oceanside , \ I 4=WRC , D 1 = Livung togetl;,~r 1 = White 5 = Case De Paz t 2 = Not living together 2 = Black 0= Unknown 3 = Mex-Am . 4 = Asian : il __ Place Occurred [l 5 = Indian Judicial Action 1 = Residence 6 = Other 2 = Sinnle family J 3 = Multi-family Employed Conviction -- 0= Unknown 4 = Mobile home or trailer 0= Unknown 1 = Convicted on original charge ,) 5 = Commercial Structure 1 = No (J 2 = Plea bargained 6 = Vehicle 2 = Yes 7 = Street or alley 3 = Not Guilty /) 8 = Lot, yard or park Military 9 = Other 0= Unknown Sentence I; • --0= Unknown O· 0= Unknown 1 = No 2 = Yes 1 = Probation __ Weapol1 Used 2 = Jail '. 1 = Hands or feet 3 = Prison 2 = Gun 4 = Diversion [} 3 = Knife Police Action 5 = Other 4 = Household object 5 = Other Describe 6 = None / Patrol Officer o 0= Unknown [1 __ Suspect Arrest~d ;' - Describe 0= Unknown 0 1 = No 'co 2 = Police Arrest 3 = Citizen's Arrest " 0 4 = Warrant () .'/ 5 = Misd. Release Citation . "/ F • " ~:>;.:- " , . p'receding " , -'-,- { 0 page blank 113 Ii 1: If I r; " \l ' .. ~ ", .- ---.~---- - ------p ''ll i\ Ii ,111 ppen IX- B Ii[1 1.1 A d u· ~ n Surveys Ii ,I CHILD ABUSE L I! If Agency.. ,______Case Numbe~ ______Penal Code ______... - 1.1 Ii february, 1981 rl 0 'IP II __Typ. of R.port ACTION TAKEN BY POLICE _Referral B 1'" Crime 0= Unl t'- """=w:;.-:.· ... ~J 1 '} n 0 4. f.bst police officers are not familiar with the voluntal:y resources I 0 available to cllild'abusing families and child abuse victims. I 1.Strongly Agree 2. Agree 3. No Opinion/Don't Know 4. Disagree 5. Strongly Disagree PART I - ClIILD ABUSE 0 :.1 -e- 6% 37% 22% 33% 3% ,1 U 0 5. f.bst police officers are not adequately trained to identify child abuse. The following definition of child abuse should be considered: 0 -9- 1. Strongly A{f7!!e 2. Agree 3. No Opinion/Don't Know 4. Disagree 5. Strongly Disagree 37% 17% 36% 3% An act of omission or commission ~at endangers or 0 r 8% -3 -4 im~irs a child's physical or "elTOtlonal health a~d 6. raw enforcem:mt agencies should provide victim support sel:Vices such developroont. This includes physi~l abuse, emotlonal 0 as family counseling, transportation, etc., in child abuse cases. abuse, emotional deprivation, P1YSlcal reglect, and 0 , , -49%- -42% sexual abuse. 1. 'Stronglv Agree Z. Agree 3. No Opinion/Don't Know 4. Disagree 5. Strongly Disagree U 22% 27% 7% 35% 7% Please check the space which best describes the field/agency in which (J 1. 7. Child abusing families are reluctant to use support sel:Vices when services you \'tUrk. (Check only one) are affiliated with a law enforcaTeI1t agency . \1 0 1. 25% Community Agency 0 -,,- 1. Strongly Agree 2. Agree 3. No Opinion/Don't Know 4. Disagree 5. Strongly Disagree -5 2. 11% County Mental Health .~ 3. 1% Civil/Criminal Defense Attorney 0 13% 59% 16% 10% .8% 4. 1% District Attorney 0 8. Implarentation of the 24-hour emergency response system for child abuse 5. 13% Hospital has :i.nproved service delivery to child abusing families. 6.~LaW Enforcement . ~ fJ -36%- -23%- 7. 0 Probation Department ~ 1. Strongly Agree 2. Agree 3. No Opinion/Don't Know 4. Disagree 5. Strongly Disagree ", 8. 20% Public Health Departmen~ 0 t 10% 26% 41% 15% 8% 9. 12% School \ 10. 7% Welfare Department ill U 9. Iraplarentation of the 24-hour emergency response system has reduced 11. Courts 0 r confusion about which agencies haV? responsibilities at different 12. 10% Other ----....-:-:;:-=-=-=:-7=:;n.:;:;;~)~-- I intervention points. . (please indwate i U I 1. Strongly Agree 2. Agree 3. No Opinion/Don't Know 4. Disagree 5. Strongly Disagree Approximately; what percent of your \'tUrk tasks are directed toward 0 2. i 4% 2'8%' 36% 21 % 12% abused children? I U 10. A central infoll1.\3.tion system that records child abuse cases fJhculd be 0 developed to provide infoll1.\3.tion and feedback to professionals. - 1. 75% 0-24% 6 2. 9% 25-49% n -87%- 3. 5% 50-74% I] 1. Strongly Agree 2. Agree 3. No Opinion/Don't Know 4. Disagree 5. Strongly Disagree 4. 11% 75-100% 0 41% 46% 6% 6% .8% II B 11. A central infOll1.\3.tion system should inclu.:Ie all cases of re:fO~:ted 0 tl child abuse or neglect. tl 0 1. !!trongly Agree 2. Agree 3. No Opinion/Don't Know 4" Disagree 5. Strongly Disagree POlice investigations tend to be directed towar~ pros~cution Oftth~ 42% 36% 6% 13% 3% 3. n , 11 abuser with less attention toward the abused Chlld ana treatmen 0 12. A central infonna.tion system should not include cases which are unfounded. ,the abuser. tl 0 2. Agree 3. No Opinion/Don't Know 4. Disagree 5. Strongly Disagret> G ,. Strongly Apree 2. Agree 3. No Opinion/Don't Know 4. Disagree 5. Strongly Disagree 1. Strongly Agre~ ", j), -7 7% 39% 3% ,/ 0 14% 27% 17% 39% 3% 10% 40% ,'7· ~ ~'( t ~; U t I • l' n 117 , 0 " 116 E - , . :... F . /. , ---, , o ,l 13. Canb.in:ing the divisions of Deperrlency and Child Protective Services in 20. The following resources have }leen identified as necessary services for the l'E1farc3 Departrrent has inp:roved service delivery to child abuSing families with abuse problems. Please rank order these resources using families. o 1 through 10, starting with tJile resource that is nest needed. 1. Strongly Agrtae 2. Agree 3. No Opinion/Don't Know 4. Disagree 5. Strongly Disagree u a. Bedspace for children in c:risis 1 2% 11% 42% 25% 18% b. Counseling for the abusin::r parent '2 14. In general, IlDre effort Should be made to treat the family with the child rana:Dning in the hane. . , c. Increase in staff Child l?rotective u 30 Services 3 1. Strongly Agree 2. Agree 3. No Opinion/Don't Know 4. Disagree 6. Strongly Disagree w--- d. Adequate training of professional 20% 53% 8% 17% 2% u in identification and tre!abnent 4 15. The valt17 of coort-ordere:;l remqval of the child in contributing to ; ~:! changes 111 p;rrental behav~or has not been dem:nstrated. n e. Respite care facilities 5 ;g- 1. ~trongly Agree 2. Agree 3. No Opinion/Don't Know 4. Disagree 6. Strongly Disagree f. Improved quality of out-()f-hane placements 6 3% 25% 43% 23% 3% 16. o In th(~ past year, coordinaticn efforts between criminal justice agencies g. OJantity of out-of-hane placements 7 and scx::ial se:rvice agencies have increased. . h. Transp:>rtation services 8 20- 1. Strongly Agree 2. Agree 3. No Opinion/Don't Know 4. Disagree 6. Strongly Disagree o 3% 49% 36% 9% 2% i • Ibnernaker services 9 I 1. S~r~ngl~ Ag~ee 2. Agree 3.No Opinion/Don't Know 4. Disagree 5. Strongly Disagree ~ o 17% 60% 19% 3% .8% 21. In a survey conduc'ted last year, the following factors were identified 18. The actual incidence of child abuse has increased over the past year. as obstacles to effective itltervention in child abuse situations. Please o indicate if ar~y changes haVE! occurred Oller the past year in these areas. 1. Strongly Agree 2. Agree 3. No Opinion/Don't Know 4. Disagree 5. Strongly Disagree 5% 25% 43% 25% .8% o Improved N::> Change I:eter iora ted Ibn I t Know '. 19. Please check the that reflects your opinion ccnceming any changes ~ce a. Poor parenting skills 12% 56% 11% 21% over the past year 111 the nature of reported child abuse incidents .. o b. Lack of formal policies Remained concerning treatment 31% 28% 7% 34% Increased I:ecreased About the Same Ibn I t Know c. Lack of formal policies a. Neglect 45% 2% 26% 26% o 23"-" concerning child removal 22% 31% 12% 35% b. Physical Abuse 42% 3% 30% , 24 24% d. Lack of a multi -displinary I':' o 41 awroach to investigation c. Sexual Molestation 58% 17% 25% ~ and treatment 30% 32% 12% 26% d. Fiocltional I:eprivation 36% .8% 30% 31% ~ o e. Lack of carmunity e. Other .8% 2% 14% awareness regarding th(~ z;- long-range implicatiOn!:; - of abuse 47% 26% 9% 18% n o • '\ l' I • 118 119 ,. ~/ '~;;:' ..... - 0 ~·I- Improved No Change ~teriorated I):n It Know ~'. 24. Prior survey respondents indicated that a team approach (police, medical, ;1 0 and welfare) would improve intervention services to child abusing families. f. Inadequate training What suggestions do you have tor operationalizing this concept? of police 34% 31% 3% 32% g. Inadequate training of G 36% 29% 8% 25% r u social service personnel h. Inadequate training of 0 judges 11% 27% 13% 48% I 0 i. Inappropriate placement ~ of children 18% 31% 13% 37% t 0 t j. Inadequate follow-up U after substantiated t n abuse 16% 28% 24% --.ll.% . f k. Insufficient investi- D -II gative resources '·9% 36% 23% -R% n 1- Insufficient treatment ~ '!hank you for your time. resources for families 20% ~% ~.15% ~ t n 22. Considering the available resources, please indicate how funds should U be expended in San Diego to assist child abusing families (use percentages I U (<,with the total adding, up to 100%). ~ a. Training of,criminal justice/welfare/ social service personnel 19% n t ..I b. Bedspace 22% ~ c. Follow-up counseling with the 54 55 abusing family 30% n 'j u d • Support s8rvices (i. e ., homemakers, transportation, child care, etc.) 20% n e. Other 9% 58' 59· ----~(p~l~e-a-se--~in-d~i~c-a~t-e~)------0 23. It has been noted by rr~ny professionals that rehabilitation services to parents are not adequate. What suggestions do you have for improve ~ ment in this area, assuming that lack of resources (staff and money) are primary? . " , , . < 120 121 4. The role of the police in respandi.'1g to initial crisis ru,scourages victims' subsequent requests for assistance. 7 1. Strongly Agree 2. Agree 3. No Opinion/Don't Know 4. Disaaree PARI' II - SPOUSE ASSAULT 6. Strongly Disagree 20% 47% 17% 15% N = 94 5. Services for battered wanen are fragm:mted and p:orly coordi.na:b~d. This section deals with women who have been assaulted/abused/beaten while 8 1. Strongly Agree 2. Agree 3. No Opinion/Don't Know 4. Disagree 6. Strongly Disagree assuming the role of spouse in a household relationship. 15% 35% 23% . 23% 2% 6. Obtaining a Temporary Restraining CTrder is a helpful alternative for 1. Please estimate what percent of your work tasks involved assistance to wane:n wh() are abused. spouse assault victims/offenders. 9 1. Strongly Agree 2. Agree 3. No Opinion/Don't Know 4. Disagree 5. Strongly Disagree -4- 1. 81% 0-24% 2. 7% 25-49% 12% 40% 18% 21% 6% 3. 4% 50-74% 7. During the past year, nore spouse as sault incidents have been reported 4. 8% 75-100% due to an increased awareness by the public. 2. Please check the space which best describes the field/agency in which 1. Strongly Agree 2. Agree 3. No Opinion/Don't Know 4. Disagree 5. S1rongly Disagree you work. (Check only one) 10 6% 60% 27% 6% 1. 34% Crnmuni ty Agency 8. The actual incidence of spouse assault has increased over the past year. ., 2. 13% County Mental Health I , I 3. - Civi1/~fense Attorney 1. Strongly Agree 2. Agree 3. No Opinion/Don't Know 4. Disagree 5. Strongly Disagree District Attorney 11 I". 4.. _-- 5. 9% Hospital 4% 25% 46% 25% 6. 1% Law Enforcement 9 • Law enforcement agencies should provide victim support services such as 7. Probation Department crisis counseling and legal counseling, etc, in spc:use assault cases. 8. 20% Public Health Depart:lrent 9. 9% School 12 1. Strongly Agree 2. Agree 3. No Opinion/Don't Know 4.Disagre& 5. Strongly Disagree 10. 2% Welfare Department 23% 33% 7% 30% 4% 11 • ..,. Courts 12.13% other ______-:-- _____ 10. Spouse assault victims are reluctant to use support services when services (please indicate) are affiliated with a law enforcem:mt agency. ; . I .. 13 1. Strongly Agree 2. Agree 3. No Opinion/Don't Know 4. Disagree 6. Strongly Disagree The following statements reflect opinions of different professionals who 9% 53% 15% 21% 1% provide services to abused women. Please indicate the degree to which you n 11. Intervention in spouse abuse situations is nost effective at the time agree or disagree with these statements by circling the response which best of actual crisis. describes your feelings. 3. Lack of awareness of COfIIlluni ty resources prevents many \tOl1en from fl 14 1. Strongly Agree 2. Agree 3. No Oplnio~(pon't Know 4. Disagree 5. Strongly Disagree reporting assault incidents. 27% 48% 9% 13% 3% il' 12. The new diversion law mandating counseling for first-time spouse assault -6- 1. Strongly Agree 2. Agree 3. No Opinion/Don't Know 4. Disagree 5. Strongly Disagrl!le offenders is a step tcWcrrd deterrence. 32% 55% 3% 10% 1. Strongly Agree 2. Agree 3. No Opinion/Don't Know 4. Disllgree 5. Strongly Disagree I 0 19% 64% 10% 6% Q 13. For abanprehensive service delivery, there should be one aqency that j D serves as the focal point for initial referrals of family violence sit uations. o D 16 1. Strongly Agree 2. Agree 3. No Opinion/Don't Know 4. Disagree 5. Strongly Disagree 19% 59% . 4% 15% 1% 122 . j I 123 ,I • C"""~~""""""'"'~-"~'~-""-' .c ~ 14. The following resoorces have been identified as necessaJ::y for effective I intervention in spalse abuse situations. Please rank order these re SOll;t"ces using 1 through 10, starting with the resource that is nnst needed. 16. ~ ConSidering resou:ces. please indicate how funds :,hould a. Short-tenn shelter for waren and children 1 b; expended ln~e San,Dlego avai~able to asslst battered spouses (use 17 wlth the total addlng up to 100%). percen~ages b. Training for law enforcerrent officers 7 ;a- n . - c. !egal assistance 8 Shelter care facilities 19 1 c.! - and d. Job training/placanent 9 ~ Counseling referral services for 20 the victim . 2 e. Crisis interven.'tion counseling 2 21 Counseling services for the abuser n 3 f. Camumity outl."each (awareness & education) 6 22 fobre emIilasis toward "at-risk" families as a preventive measure g. Counseling far both spooses 3 4 ~ ~ Training of criminal justice personnell h. 5'upport services for abused WOllen 5 5 24 (transportation, child care) .~ >,r. Educating the public 6 i. Preventative services 4 25 lmplernenting court-ordered diversion - programs j . other (please specify) n 7 ~ \ I \ 15. In a SUIVey conducted last year, the following factors were identified as "• 'I obstacles to IrLostmq the needs of spouse assault victims. Please indicate ./' i ~ ". ,~ lj if any changes have occurred over the past year in regard to these barriers. I Thank you for your time. I I ,:j ~roved No Change Deteriorated Don't Know ~L I u \ a. Inadequate coordination ! 27 I Q. I between police & social ! service agencies 27% 29% 0 n 1 b. Victims unwilling or I reluctant to seek help .~> i ~% 1% 16% ;t c. Victims not aware of 1 29 available services 4% 20% 1 ~% , d. Public attitudes r 30 toward spouse assault 47% 33% . 1% 19% '. e. Negative attitudes 31 of criminal justice personnel 19% 44% 4% 33% ! f. Inadequate training 32 of police 29% 37% 6% 2S% g. Insufficient resources (personnel and/or facilities) 20% 42% 18% 20% I II h. Minimal resources 34 -1 expended on abuser I as a preventative t , 49% , measure 7% 16% 27% 1 125 I 124 i ~ ~~------~------~_:o:.'lI/~ -_~ ______ INCLUDES IA MESA, CHULA VISTA, NATIONAL CI'l'Y, ESCONDIOO, OCEANSIDE, AND CARLSBAD POLICE DEPAR'IMENTS, THE SO£..m:IEAST AND NOR'll:IERN DIVISIONS OF SAa DIEGO POLICE DEPT., AND THE SHERIFF'S SUBSTATIONS: LEMON GROVE, SANl'EE, PCWAY, AND VISTA. DEPT ID February 1981 - / 1 3 4 5 /", REGIONAL PATROL OFFICER SURVEY N=389 The Criminal Justice Planning Board has funded several projects which assist victims of domestic violence (battered women and child abuse). The Criminal Justice Evaluation Unit of the San Diego Association of Governments (formerly the Cm) is evaluating these projects. Since the staff of these projects intend to develop contacts with law enforcement personnel, your ideas and opinions are extremely imp:>rtant. Please canplete this survey and return to your patrol supervisor. It is not necessary to sign your name. IT IS Nor A TEST! For the purposes of this survey, domestic violence is defined as abusive behavior by a housenold member that results in a traumatic condition to another house ", hO.Ld member. 1. When you resp:>nd to domestic violence calls, which action typically repr.e sents what you do? Indicate, by number, the frequency that YOLl take each of these actions. -- * 1 = Always 2 == Often 3 = Sanetimes 4 = Rarely 5 = Never Child Spouse Abuse Assault 42;::'l~ ~ "( 1) Arrest Suspect 6 14 l.8 16.6% {2) Issue Notice to Appear (Citation) "1 n 7 15 ~I 67.3 94.1% t 3) Separate p81rticipants and defuse situation 8 16 10 80 23.2 ( 4) Write a rep:>rt o 9 17 7.3% --30.6 (s.) Write no rep:>rt '::::,~:=.:)" 10 18 17.2% 15.6 (6) Enforce a Temporary Restraining Order 11 19 42.3 48.8 (7) Refer victim or suspect to another agency () --- .12 :20 ( 8) Other action (Desc!."ibe) 13 21 / o ' o "o ,}, (Please be sure you have placed a number on each line.) " , " • ' I) , , *Percentages ar,e for combined always/often resp:>nse • Q I o o , . o '. ,1' .' 127 'D ;., " , . Preced",g page b\ank I 2. Which of the following situations would most influence your decision to Please respond to the following statements by circling the response that best arrest the suspected abuser? CHECK ONE ONT..·Y IN EACH COI1.JMN. indicates your feelings about the statement. The follOWing statements all refer to spouse assault. _ Child Spouse Abuse Assault 6. J:anestic violence situations are personal matters that should be handled 75.8 30.9 (1) Injur.l to the victim by social sel:vice agencies rather than criminal justice agencies. 0.7 1.7 (2) Threatening or drunken behavior of suspect - 38.3%-- 50.7% 7.5 19.3 (3) Use of violence ag~inst the police n' 30 (1) Strongly Agree (2) Agree (3) Don't Know/No ~inion (4) Disagree 5.9 15.6 ( 4) Use of weapons (5) Strongly Disagree 0.3 19.3 (5) Victim has sincere desire to prosecute Iil . ,_ 7.2 ll.q__ (6) Appears that the situation will escalate d 7. The decisioll to arrest the offender is strongly influenced by the victim's (7) Other (Describe) ______..,..-- __ willingness to prosecute. - 85.9% - 31 (1) Strongly Agree (2) Agree (3) Don't Know/No ~inion ( 4) Disagree _ 11.6% Ii (5) Strongly Disagree 22 23 ~', t' 8. The decision to arrest the offender in non-family assault situations 3. Which of the following situations would most influence your decision not is strongly influenced by the victim's willingness to prosecute. to make an arrest? CHECK ONE ONLY IN EACH COI1.JMN. 32 - 86.3% - (1) Strongly Agree (2) Agree (3) Don't Know/No ~inion (4) Disagree -10.3% Child Spouse @~II (5) Strongly Disagree Abuse ,Assault 53.9 35.4 (1) Difficulty in determining who is tl1e offender (possible 9. Spouse assault cases are handled the same way as other assault cases. mutual canbat) ~';\' - 34.5% - 10.6 57.8 (2) Victim does not wish to prosecute . 33 (1) Strongly Agree ( 2) Agree ( 3) Don't Know/No Opinion ( 4) Disagree - 58.5% 7.4 4.5 (3) Similar situations have occurred before at the same res~dence (5) Strongly Disagree (~) other (Describe) ______~M 28 2.3 0 10. In this department, there are specific guidelines for police handling of family violence situations. - 50% - 34 1 24 Z5 n (1) Strongly Agree (2) Agree (3) Dem't Know/No Opinion (4) Disagree _ 33.5% ·"1 (5) Strongly Disagree Please estimate for every 20 calls to a family disturbance, for how many 4. calls do you write re},X)rts (regional crime/incident report)? 11. It would be helpful to have a social worker/counselor available to refer ~, domestic violence cases to. Child Spouse - 84.3% - Abuse Assault 35 (1) Strongly Agree (2) Agree (3) Don't Know/No Opinion (4) Disagree _ 7.7% 4.8 12.8 (1) None fi u (5) Strongly Disagree 21.6 ~Q.. (2) 1-4 27.3 15.6 (3) 5-9 12. To assist victims of domestic violence, victims should be offered help by 46.3 1. 7 (4) All have written reports fi a social service agency after police have responded. u - 79.2% - o ) 36· (1) Strongly Agree (2) Agree (3) Don't Know/No ~inion (4) Disagree _ 10.3% 26 27 t1} (5) Strongly Disagree ] - , U' 5. Again, estimating, for every 20 calls to danesboticth/valiollencfethsitufat~~yns~e=rs 13. How soon (after police have responded to a family disturbance) \rould inter many of the situations involve mutual canbat ( 0 e . am vention by a social service agency be most helpful? CHECK ONE c:m,y. using violence against each other)? " G -,.1 .n 0° 25.7% (1) inmediately Child Spouse 36.5 (2) same day 35.5 Abuse Assault . , (3) within 2-3 days .~( , 38.3 2.2 (1) None n 2.3 (4) would not be helpful 40.1 2I:l (2) 1-4 9.6 33~1 (3) 5-9 37 12.0 43.6 (4) 10 or more e n } I 28 29 129 D ;, " 0 128 .. \\ " , , ,;£ . ' '~~-"=;'------""""~------~--~---,-. - " " ---,--~~-~-="""""------'--~'---. ------.--_.,.. - ""-'~------'-----,._--_. ,----~--~-~.-- 14. Police referral to a social worker or counselor could best be accanplished 18. Which of the follCMing best describes your primary responsibility in danestic by: (CHECK ONE OOLY) viQlence situations after preserving the peace and protecting the safety of those involved. 43.4% (1) Giving the victtm a card WiL~ agencies and phone number listed. 27.~ (2) Having social service personnel contact all victims reporting 37.4%(1) Act as a mediator assaults to the police. 26.3 (2) Advise parties involved of their legal options 26.1 (3) Having the responding officer(s) select victims to be contacted by 31.3 (3) Refer parties to awropriate agencies social service personnel. (4) Provide family counseling Other (Please explain) ______.5 .2.9 (4 ) o 4.5 (5) other (Pleas~~explain) ______ 38 n 43 15. Have you referred spouse assault victims/suspects to any agencies or social services? u 19. Have you received any training in the area of family disputes or danestic violence during the past year? 20\5_ (1) No 41.4 (1) Yes JW% (2) Yes (Please list names of agencies) D 58.6 (2) No -,, 44 20. Do you desire training in any of the following areas concerning domestic 39 violence? (Check as many as you wish.) , 16. Have you referred ::bild abuse victims/suspects to any agencies or .' j ~:L (1) Comnunity Resources , social services? 45 I 27% (2) Causes and dynamics of danestic violence .52.6% (1) No 46 47.4 (2) Yes (Please list names of agencies) 45% (3) Crisis intervention and/or counseling techniques 51% (4) Arrest procedures for violations of Te11J?Orary Restraining Orders 48 _.:::..3%::,. (5) Other (Please describe) ______40 49 . 17. Please esttffiate out of 20 calls to danestic violence situation, about how many have you referred to other agencies? Spouse "Piild 21. Please check one: . Assault:Abuse .' 17.8% 38.6% (1) None 92.2(1) Male 37% 28.5 (2) 1-4 _..!.7;..,:.8 (2) Female 24.4 12 (3 ) 5-9 20·8% 20.9 (4) 10 or more 50 41 42 22~" How long ha~e you been assigned to patrol? (present assignment) : / years -mo-n~th~s 23.1% 31.8% 21.3% 23.6% less than 1 year 1 to 3 years 3 to 6 years more than 51 52 53 54 6 years 130 .... t ' ~l)RTH COONTY POLICE AGENCIES (ESCONDlOO, CX:EANSIDE, CARISBAD, AND VISTA & ParlAY SHERIFF STATIONS , ' DEPl' ID February 1981 -1 / 3 4 5 /' ::?A'lIDL OFFICER SURVEY N=119 The Crilninal Justice Planning ]~rd has funded several projects which assist victilns of danestic violence (battered w:men and child abuse). The Crilninal Justice Evaluation unit of the. San Diego Association of Governments (formerly the CEO) is evaluating these projects. Since the staff of these projects intend to develop contacts with law enforcement personnel, your ideas and opinions are extremely ilnportant. Please complete this survey and return to your patrol supervisor. It: is not necessary to sign your name. IT IS Nor A TEST! For the purposes of this surve!y, domestic violence is defined as abusive behavior by a household member that results in a traumatic condition to another house hold member. ., 1. When you respond to danestic violence calls, which action typically repre , sents what you do? Indicate, by number, the frequency that you take each of these actions. -- * 1 = Always 2 = Often 3 = Sane times 4 = Rarely 5 = Never Child Spouse '. Abuse Assault 43·5 2'.1% (1) Arrest Suspect 6 14 6~ 18!8 ',(2) Issue Noticl: to Appear (Citation), 7 15 " 63·6 23.2 ~ 3) Separate participants and defuse situation 8 - 16 83% 2J.·2 ( 4) Write a reIXJ1rt 9 17 " 6~ 3QIO ( 5) write no re};X)rt 10 18 16.2 16.2 ( 6) Enforce a Temporary Restraining Oroer 11 19 36.4- 4-8.3~ (7) Refer victiln or suspect to another agency 12 20 .. (8) Other action (Describe) ______'.' 13 21 I (Please be sure you have placed a number on each line.) .' I ',- 1\: - ."'.- I' *Percentages are for always/often r:esponses only. Ii, , . l 1 c._ i ~ , i 1 " I Preceding page blank 133 . , . - y 1 .- " i ------~ ------ "._..... " J.j" ~~~:'-! '''''1}\ ,J 1 ~ 1 ~ I' ~: \iI .. Please respond to the following statements by circling the response that best 2. Which of the following situations would most influence your decision to .~ rn indicates your feelings about 'the statement. The following statements all arrest the suspected abuser? CHECK ONE ONLY IN EACH COWMN. \1 refer to §POuse assault. Child Spouse rn 6. Domestic violence situations are personal matters that should be handled Abuse Assault 0 Ii by social service agencies rather than criminal justice agencies. 79.4 37.9 (1) Injw:y to the \r"ictim 7.6 32.8 7.6 47.1 (2) Threatening or drunken behavior of suspect l 30 (I) Strongly Agree (2) Agree ( 3) !X)n' t Know/No Opini.on ( 4) Disagree O· l 3.9 22.3 (3) Use of violence against the police m (5) Strongly Disagree 8.8 14.6 ( 4) Use of weapons . 1.0 15,5 (5) Victim has sincere desire to prosecute 7. The decision to arrest the offender is strongly influenced by the victim's 5.9 8.7 ! (6) Appears that the situation will escalate D I ID willingness to prosecute. 1.0 1.0 (7) Other (Describe) 31.9 55.5 0.8 11.8 31 (1) Strongly Agree (2) Agree (3) IX>n' t Know/No ~inion ( 4) Disagree I f .n n (5) Strongly Disagree 0.0 22 23 [: 8. The decision to arrest the offender in non-family assault situations is strongly influenced by the victim's willingness to prosecute. 3. Which of the following situations would most influence your decision not fl fi 31.1 . 58. 0 1. 7 7. 6 to make an arrest? CHECK ONE OOLY IN EACH COWMN. - 1 .j., 32 (I) Strongly Agree (2) Agree (3) Don't Know/No ~inion ( 4) Disagree H (5) Strongly Disagree if Child Spouse I u 1.7 '\ n , -~ Abuse Assault i 9. Spouse assault cases are handled the same way as other assault cases. ;1 -,, :1 55.8 25.5 (I) Difficulty in determining who is the offender (possible 2.5 27.7 8.4 58.8 mutual canbat) - n 33 (1) Strongly Agree (2) Agree ( 3) Don't Know/No Opinion ( 4) Disagree 13.7 71.6 (2) Victim does not wish t~· prosecute n r. (5) Strongly Disagree 5.3 2.9 (3) Similar situations have occurred before at the same residence 2.5 25.3 (~) Other (Describe) ______10. In this department, there are specific guidelines for police handling of 0 u family violence situations. 1.7 47.1 14.3 32.8 34 (1) Strongly Agree (2) Agree (3) Don't Know/No ~inion (4) Disagree 24 25 0 n (5) Strongly Disagree 4. Please estimate, for every 20 calls to a family disturbance, for how many 11. It would be4.2 helpful to have a social worker/counselor ava11. able to re f er calls do you write reports (regional crime/incident rep:>rt)? ~. [1 domestic violence cases to. 21.8 65.5 6.7 4.2 Child Spouse 35 (1) Strongly Agree ( 2) Agree (3) Don't Know/No ~inion ( 4) Disagree Abuse Assault ;1 (5) Strongly Disagree .. 8.8 14.8 (1) None ~ n 1.7 10.6 62.6 (2) 1-4 12~ Tb assist victims of domestic violence, victims should be offered help by 20.0 (3) 5-9 ' J .22.2 I':: a social service agency after police have responded. 51.3 2.6 (4) All have written reports m 'I fl 15.1 . 62.2 11.8 9.2 36 • (1) Strongly Agree (2) Agree (3) Don't Know/No ~inion (4) Disagree 't ( 5) Strongly Disagree 26 27 -I []" 1.7 E .. 13 • How soon (after police have responded to a family disturbance) would inter- 5. Again, estimating, for every 20 calls to domestic violence situations, how vention by a social service agency be most helpful? CHECK ONE OOLY. many of the situations involve mutual canbat (both/all of the family me:nbers i ~{ using violence against each other)? D B 38.7 (I) inmediately 31.1 (2) same day Child Spouse 27.7 (3) within 2-3 days J Abuse Assault I. 2.5 (4) would not be helpful 36.8 1.7 (I) None n I 46.5 27.8 ,- (2) 1-4 i 7.0 ~0.4 (3) 5-9 37 q ~ , 9.6 40.0 (4) 10 or more I l· D i " . .'I , J 28 29 :l I 135 134 I f .---~ 1t't'~~, ~ ~ . ~ 18. Which of the following best describes your primary responsibility in domestic 14. Police referral to a social worker or counselor could best be accomplished violence situations after preserving the peace and protecting the pafety by: (CHECK ONE OOLY) of those involved. 38.8, (1) Giving the victim a card with agencies and phone nll'!1ber listed. 0 29.7 (1) Act as a mediator 25.9 (2) Having social service personnel contact all victims re!X)rting 27.1 (2) Advise parties involved of the ir legal options assaults to the police. . 37.3 (3) Refer parties to appropriate agencies 31.0 (3) be Having the responding officer(s) select victims to contacted by U' 0.8 (4) Provide family counseling social service personnel. 5.1 ( 5) Oth,er (Please explain) 4.3 (4) Other (Please explain) fi -- 38 n 43 15. Have you referred spouse assault victims/suspects to any agencies or social 19. Have you received any training in the area of family disputes or domestic services? 0 violence during the past year? 22.4 (1) No 37 3 (1) Yes 77.6 (2) Yes (Please list names of agencies) n 62.7 (2) No 44 u fi 20. 00 you desire training in any of the following areas concerning domestic 39 violence? (Check as many as you wish.) I 16. Have you referred ::hild abuse victims/suS9E!Cts to any agencies or n 37.8 (1) Community Resources c' 45 social services? \ I 21.8 (2) Causes and dynamics of domestic violence 46 53.9 (1) No n .' i 42.9 (3) Crisi,s intervention and/or counseling techniques 46.1 (2) Yes (Please list names of agencies) n 53.8 (4) Arrest procedures for violations of Temporary Restraining Orders 48 2.5 (5) Other (Please describe) _____. ______49 40 O. . 17. Please estimate out of 20 calls to domestic violence situation, about how many have you referred to other agencies? n Spouse Child 21. Please check one: . Assault Abuse I 90.8 (1) Male 16.8 36.6 (1) None n 9.2 (2) Female 36.3 28.6 (2) 1-4 , 25.7 8.9 (3) 5-9 21.2 25.9 (4) 10 or more ~ I 50 22. How long have you been assigned to patrol? (present assignment) 41 42 __-:/ less than 1 yr. 1-3 3-6 6 or more ~' I years months 20.5 19.7 32.5 27.4 iii, ,51 52 53 54 ~ B e .: . ~ . '!hank you for your time. rf" I A fi L .,r. q [~ 137 136 '. ______~=r~-=-=--==----===.~~ ' / ." /: J' Q - . " Respondents: April 1981 Four city attorneys in the domestic violence unit 1 District Attorney ~eflecting department perspective CRIMrnAL JUSTICE EVALUATION UNIT OOMESTIC VIOLENCE SURVEY SA!.'7 DlEOO DEPurY CITY AND DISTRICT ATI'ORNEYS \ The Regional Criminal Justice Planning Board re:;{Uested that the Criminal Justice Evaluation Unit of SANDAG evaluate several projects servrng victims of danestic violence. Evaluation efforts include input from personnel in the cr.i.rniz?al jus tice system. Mr. Witt has approved yo'ur participation in this survey and can pletion is encouraged. Please return completed survey to SUSAN PENNELL, Mail Station #56, by April 13. Your cooperation is appreciated. 1. Please check the area of county in which you work: (1), 5 (2) (3) (4) Central South Bay East County North County 2. Estimatrng, about how many cases involving battered spouses have cane to your attention in the last year? (1) (2) 1 (3) (4) 3 D.A. - less than 10 a nonth None 1-3 4-6 nore than 6 regionwide \: I, Ii 3. Again, estimating, about how many defendants have you charged with Ii battery on a spouse/girlfriend (in the last year)? ifii 1 ~ i: i' I' '- (1) (2) (3) 1 (4) 4 i, NOne 1-3 4-6 -rn-o-re---'than~--:::6 H I 4. What is the nost cc:mron charge filed against men who hit, slap, kick, or i !~ punch their wives/girlfrier&5~? , ' (1) No complaint filed (4) ,,245 P.C. , . (2) - 240 P.C. (5) -y 273.5 P.C .. - District Attorney " (3) -,- 242 P.C. (6) - Other (Indicate) 5.Cornpared to prior years, do you think more cases of spouse assault have carne to your attention in the last year? (1) 2 (2) (3) 2 D.A. - no difference, but nore o Yes No don't know are reported I (] " 6. Of the sPouse assault cases that come to your attention, what is the rrost common disposition? I I ! . (1) 3 (D .A. included). (2) 1 (3) 1 \", charges dropped defendant defendant If ',," before prelim. 'not gUiity' guilty ~ (" t) q ,) ,~ r ..., (4) Defendant pleads to lesser charge (415 p.c.). Condition of probation may Ii ~ Other (Please indicate) i, , be to stay away fran victim. I Cf ' "" ,~ ! f (OVER) i () 139 ."'- ,. , ;; . J , J/ r .. " , . ", f! I . ~~-"=-w______~ ______I'v l~,. Do you feel that a program that provided the above services \rould be 7. In your opinion, what is the lTQst carmon reason that lTQst of these cases helpful to prosecuting-attorneys? do not proceed thruugh the criminal justice syst~? :, ,~) (1) 4 (2) (3) 1 4 (includes D.AI)' victim refuses to prosecute yes no don't know (D.A. inclUded) " '. " .. 1 police unwilling to take report o Why /Wny ,Not?~ Infonnatiolil provided by agencies' s.taff is important so that 8 I Which of the following rrost influences the .likelihood of spouse assault people learn what the criminal justice system can·am. cannot do. Victim support cases being prosecut.ed?~ultiple response were given) ,8 is vital to prosecution. Usually problem -is a oontinuing one which criminal (1) 1 (D.AI) (2) (3) 5 (includes D,Al) justice cannot solve. . ext~~t/seriousness victim seeking . victim willingness Legislation enacted last year established provision of divl~~sion of,: injury separation/divorce to. follCM I' Jrrough <, n (P.C. 1000.6) for first-time, misdemeanor spouse assault offenders. (4) 1 (5) (6) DIA. - evidence that crine 19. Have you recarmended diversion for any such offenders in the last year? defendant history likelihood of other occurred of violent conduct conviction n (1)' 4 (2)_1_ (3) yes no Have not been involved with spouse assault cases. 9. Do you ever refer victims/suspects to social service agencies? (D.A. iI)cluded) 20. If yes, to which agency(ies) did you refer? (1) 3 n (2) _lJPIA.) Deputy D.A. indicated that police sho~d do ~s. Pro~tion depaItment bandles'diversion'process. yes no ------10. If yes, please name the agencies to which you have referred: ----~~,-'------3 - Battered Warens Service 1 - clergy_,______0: 21. If no, why were offenders not referred? 1 - COnciliation COurt I, - ~iage COl.mcelor 1 (1) 1 (2) (3) 1 To what extent has staff in these agencies provided assistance in the Not familiar Don't l}nCM referral Defendant did not :meet following areas? (D.A. did not resporJd) '. '>~ 0 with PC 1000.6 agencies for diversion criteria for diversion Not Provided Sare Have Been Don't (4) At All Assistance Ve:cy Helpful Know ; other (please describe) , " 11. Encouraged/facilitated victim participation ....L ,I ':'in criminal justice process. 22. 'Do you think such diversion efforts are helpful in' reducing future 1 violent acts? ' 12. Rt?1uced victim tra~ .• 3 , ' 13. Increased efficiency of criminal justice 2 2 1 (2) (3) 2 (4) depends on - persons involved systan. /~ o yes no don't know .. ~ ~. .. \ i 14. Inproved iicfim knooledge of criminal 1 o justice .operations and legal ,options. o The Deputy D.A. added that diversion' efforts are rrost helpful if the oouples lSI Provided support services to victims/ 2 are staying together because the offender is not liJcely to abuse his next witnesses, e.g., trai1sportai:l9n, n partner. '~> child care! etc. " '.,., (] Provided advocacy services to victims. 1 ,:1 2 Have resulte:i savings for 1 1 c, n in ~ attorneys. "~~'. .'" :-- 0 -;- • u n _~( n ,~.~ ~PUty District At~fscrld that ageiioY{~~;af~ nay p:oovide all;;'these o Set;Vl.ces but the outcttnes are .the same, e. g.; , "i;:~ct:un refuSes to p:t:'Qsecute. , . (", ~,- \ L - .. ~ YOU \\roR YOUR TIME. p" 0 0 ',. .:,.:J , " ,\,. '" o o I II: c'-'-;' .,()_¢~-.,'-'f? -'~~~~~~~-::-----"~-~"~~~v, J",_ ~~------' -~'------ 12 responses 32% of municipal rourt judges (exaluding traffic rourt) April 1981 I' CRIMINAL JUSI'ICE EVALUATIOO UNIT OOMESI'IC VIOLEN:!E SURVEY SAN DIECD MJNICIPAL COURl' JUDGES The Regional Criminal Justice Planning Board requested that the Criminal Justice (/ Evaluation Unit of SANDAG evaluate several projects serving victims of domestic \ violence. Evaluation efforts include input fran personnel in all coop:ments of the criminal justice system. Your participation and cai!p1etion of this survey ,j is encouraged. Please return corrp1eted survey to SUSAN PENNELL, Mail Station *56, by April 13, 1981. Your cooperation is appreciated. 1. Please check the area of county in which you preside: (1) 3 (2) 4 (3) (4) 2 San Diego South Bay North County {( 2. Est:im3.ting, haw many cases involving battered spouses have been scheduled in your court in the last year? (1) 1 (2) 3 (3) 2 ( 4) 6 None 1-3 4-6 M)re than 6 3. Ccmpared to prior years, have cases involving battered spouses increased U or decreased in your court (in the past year)? (1) 2 (2) (3) 5 (4) 4 1 Increased Decreased No Difference Don't Know No response !! .' '1 iJ 4 . In general, are charges in spouse assault cases likely to be reduced? . (1) 6 (2) 3 (3) 3 ' .• iI' l n Yes No Don't Know '.) . ,. :1 lJ 5. (If yes) at which stage is this IOC>st likely to occur? Ii " (1) 5 (2) 1 1 5 c " District Attorney Level JUdicial Level Both j" n NO response 10 6. In your opinion I what is the IOC>st COIIIOC>n reason that IOC>st of these cases ," do not proceed through the criminal justice system? (Multiple response given) .D []' o ·Victim refuses to prosecute - 7 ·Econanica11y not feasible - 1 , (\ ·Divorce - 1 ·Reconci1iation - 2 ·Diversion - 1 . " U Ccmrent: Prosecution should persist so court can force offender into counseling. c , , -, ..... The tendency tCMard violent acts will not end by divorce, but be transferred to another partner. Prosecutors are often persuaded that divorce is pending and o "..,.>-"< ,. ' o problem will be solved. 1~1 " " . ' '" r,' ,. • G ' .. ,;) u o o· .J ,n 143 o " c ... ~ v' .. . ;;.,. o ,~ "f C;J 'lte' >.--~,~-~,,---,--~" ~~ \ \ r.( ; 1~ I i I m n I '"' 7. Which of the following rrost influences the likelihood of conviction in E~ U II spouse assault cases? (Multiple responses given) jl (' I . , Ii (1) 6 (2) (3) 7 H D Ij Extent/Seriousness Victim Seeking Victim Willingness to . I'il :. Ii of Injury Separation/Divorce Follow Through with Judicial Process U IT~ (4) 1 (5)- U ~ Defendant History ~O~thLe~r~(~p~l-ea-s-e--s-pec--l~'f~y')------~------~-- eLIENI' SURVEYS I of Violent Conduct n· D, TO standardize survey administration to clients, project staff were 8. tfJhich of the following sentencing outcomes do you believe is rrost effective asked to give surveys to the first 50 clients provided services (in I for deterring future violent acts? U· person) fran January through March, 1981. Clients were asked to I canplete the form, seal in an envelope, and return to project staff for I I (1) ( 2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 4 (5) 3 mailing" Probation Jail/Prison Diversion Combination U (6) 'Divorce - 1 'Mandated oounseling as oondition of probation - 3 i~ Other Sentencing Alternative (please describe) r, H U \ 9. Estimating, of the last 10 spouse assault cases scheduled in your court, how rrany have ye&recoomended for diversion via 1000.6 P.C.? fuen D (1) 5 (2) 3 (3) 3 (4) 1 Have Not Handled 10 1-3 4-6 .....7-o-r-rro-re Cases Since Legisla- o. U tion was enacted (7/80) 10. Do you feel the diversion effort (P.C. 1000.6) is an effective deterrent to future abusive behavior? U. U (1) 3 (2) 1 (3) 8 Yes No Don't Know \ U " 11. Why /vihy not? "Efforts tCMard diversion are new and untested - 4 "It can work if rrotivation is to preserve relationship, not avoid prosecution - 1 "Counseling U must be enforced and supervised - 1 "Both parties should have' oounseling - 1 o , U i' " . Additional Carments/Suggestions: "Hopeful that it will \\Ork, criminal justice system ------~\~.~~,------fi- /\ is not designed to sOlve d?rnestic problems \. "D~version qffers option Other than jail and Withdrawing charges I , "No spous~ assault case should ever be dismissed without proof that parties <) have 'had at least 10 hours of oounseling with qualified· therapist I I- THANK YOU FOR· COM!?LEl'ING THIS SURVEY. 145 144 I April 1981 ~..sA DE AMPARO CLIENT SURVEY RESPONSE The Criminal Justice Evaluation Unit of SANDAG is evaluating several federally funded projects providing services to battered 1iXll1en and child abusing families. The evaluation effort included input from vict~s/clients contacted by projects during the first three rronths of 1981. The following results indicate t.'I1e opinions of clients regarding the services received both by the p::>lice and the project staff. Total respondents: 36 Breakdown of Clients Served: Child Abuser 19 Potential Child Abuser 5 Concerned Family Members 4 Child Abuse Victim 8 1. Do you feel that Casa De Ampero staff was helpful? [J Rs = 36 Yes - 36 No - 0 r 2. Do you have any complaints about Casa De Arrparo? Rs = 36 Yes - 4 No - 32 <,, f I [J 3. Did you need assistance that was not provided by the program? 'j u Rs = 36 Yes - 4 No - 32 Assistance needed included help to obtain ~-?n1ploY'ment I financial resources, and psychiatric counseling. I fJ 4. Did C2.sa De Arrparo advise you to contact another agency or person for help with your situation? o Rs = 35 Yes - 12 No - 23 Agencies listed included Child Guidance Center, Public Health f Welfare Depart .. .,;: ." ment, and private counseling services . " J) [l " 5. Have you sought help from any other agencies or persons? o , !~, 001 Rs = 33 Yes - 15 No - 18 , . f ' '~ fl 6. Have you ever called the police regarding the situation for which you are ,'". seeking help? .,;,"11 r.'J' o , ,::(v~ . _ Rs = 36 Yes - 9 No - 27 0, 7. Did you feel that the police were helpful? I ;'1I U i Rs = 27 Yes - 10 No - 17 ,x , ,/'" ("Yes" category may be larger since p::>lice may have been called by person ! ,. . , " , other than victim!client. ) Q (J , " \~ . 0. " U L" '''', .. I Preceding page blank , 147 ~ A ,f ti :",.I , . .... ,: ., .' . , ", " 1 I , ." ...-1<" .. " 2. Casa De Amparo 1[, W 8. Do you have complaints about the way the police handled the situation? April 1981 Rs = 26 Yes - 12 No - 14 Complaints about police handling focused on the ~ss~e that police did not ESCOODIOO VICTIM-WI'INESS PRO~ clearly explain the actions that they took and Vlctuns were confused about m CLIENT SURVEY RESPONSE what would take place next. Victims/clients perceived that arrests were made without reason. n What actions did the police take? (MUltiple responses were given.) {I m The Criminal Justice Evaluation Unit of SANDAG is evaluating several federally funded projects providing services to battered women and child abusing families~ Made an arrest 14 rj The evaluation effort included input fran victims/clients contacted by projects Wrote a report 18 "Other" responses included I~ during the first three "{lpnths of 1981. The following results indicate the Talked to participants 5 children rE!!IDved fran hare 'j ~ opinions of clients regarding the services received both by the police and the Referred participants to 7 and suspect(s) taken to project staff. social service agency jail. ~ Separated participants 9 j' U Total respondents: 16 Issued a citation 2 Enforced a temporary 2 o Breakdown of Clients Served: restraining order o U Other 9 Battered Women: 4 Rape Vict.lin: 4 How did you find out about Casa De Amparo? D Potential Child Abuse 5 U Child Abuse Vict.lin: 1 Rs = 36 pollce 9 "Other" responses included "court Friend/Relative 13 ordered", day care centers, hospitals, Other: 2 attorneys, welfare dept.,' and n Other 14 WOmen's Resource Center. u 1. Do you feel that the Escondido Victim-Witness Program was helpful? What made you seek help at this time? 8 Rs = 14 Yes - 14 No - 0 Most responses related to recognition that problems concerning child,care were u out of control and help was needed. Others indicated that contact Wl th 2. Do you have any complaints about the Oceanside Victim-Aid Program? Casa De Ampa:r:o was court-ordered. u Rs = 15 Yes - 0 No - 15 How long had your problem(s) been occurring before you sought help? 3. Did you need assistance that was not provided by the program? \\ Rs = 27 4 nonths or less 9 [1 Rs = 15 Yes - 3 No - 12 5 nonths to 1 year 7 13 rronths to 2 years 2 Assistance' included an att01:ney and services fran the Welfare Department. 2. to 4 years 2 OVer 4 years 7 u 4. Did the Escondido Vict:i,rrb!'1j tness Program advise you to contact another agency or person for help' with your situation? Have your problems been resolved? n Rs = 14 Yes - 3 No - 11 Rs = 34 Yes - 15 No.- 19 u 5. Have you sought help from any other agencies or persons? Sample of responses included: n Rs 15 Yes - 7 No - 8 "My problems will tak~ time to resolve'.' ." U· = "I still need counselmg and help recelved fran Casa l:\gencies includ~. Mite, Eye, Lifeline, and the police department. "I am still separated fran nw daughter for no valid reasonII . II "We now unoerstand our child's problems an~ ~h~ ~de:stands u~ ~~ter 6. Have you ever called the police regarding the situation for which you' "They helpE:,..(l me assl.llllE! nw parental responsiblll~les m C; r;allstl~ way. B are seeking help? I have nore confidence and better results Wlth nw klds , Rs =, 13 "I still need to improve nw attitude and get notivated" U Yes - 9 No - 4 1 "I am safely put' of the house and away from nw step-dad", ' " U I " . 7. Did you feel that the police were helpful? "My problem Ms beep resolved, but .to better nwself, I Wlll keep gomg to Casa • I' D Rs = 10 Yes - 7 No - 3 U , , , ~ n E 149 . .. " I \. , rJ~ Co• '\ , ...• , . " '" / \j,"~~-~"'~'- April 1981 Escondido Vict~witness Project 2. OCEANSIDE VI0i'IM-AID PROJECT 8. Do you have corrq;>laints about the way the police handled the situation? CLIENT SURVEY RESPOOSE Rs = 11 Yes - 4 No - 7 Corrq;>laints about the police focused on perception of police indifference/ The Criminal Justice Evaluation Unit of SANDAG is evaluating several feder lack of sensitivity/unwillingness to arrest the offender. ally-funded projects providing services to battered women and child abusing families. The evaluation effort included input from victims/clients con What actions did the police take? (Multiple responses were given.) tacted by projects during the first three nonths of 1981. 1be following 3 results indicate the opinions of clients regarding the services received · Made an arrest both by the police and the project staff. • Wrote a report 6 Talked to participants 1 · Referred participants Total Respoooen ts : 49 to Social Service Agency 1 o n Separated participants BrEtakdown of Clients Served Issued a citation o Enforced a temporary 1 8 Batt;e:~ Wcmen: 25 restraining Or9~ 2 Child Abuser 6 Other Rape Victim: 5 Potential Child Abuser 9. How did you find out alxmt the Escondido Vict.:i.m-Witness Program? n 3 Concerned Family Members 3 , Rs = 14 Child Abuse Victim: 2 1, Battered Male: 2 .~ , Police 2 n i Batterer: 2 1 Friend/Relative 3 Other: 1 ""- 1 Other 9 , ! "Other" responses included Sim I s School, public health nurse, and Cou."1ty fl 1. I:b you feel that the Oceanside Victim-Aid Program was helpful? r ! Mental Health. I Rs = 48 Yes - 45 No - 3 II I I 10. What made you seek help at this time? -0 J i Same respondents cited actual physical and s~al violence. as the !?resenting ;2; I:b you have any canplaints about th~ Oceanside Victim-Ai~ Program? t problem. Others mentioned fear of abuse/bec:tmg. 'S~ cl~ents were pregnant Rs = -47 Yes.,.. 2 .. , teenagers and indicated they needed counselmg and aav~ce • n No - 45 , I 3. Did you need assistance that was not providt1d by the program? 11. How long had your problem(s) been occurring before you sought help? " ,II Rs ::: 12 4 nonths or less 4 o Rs = 48 Yes - 8 No - 40 i 5 nonths to 1 year 4 13 nonths to 2 years 1 Assistance needed incl.udeq help to obtairi\:'a Temporary Restraining 2 to 4 years 1 Order, transportatior¢.) eniplo,Yrnent, imJ0 terrp:>raryhousiD3. ,~,:) < n OVer 4 years 2 4. Did the Ckeanside Vict~ld Program a:ivise you to contact another 12. Have your problems been resolved? agency or person for helg: with your situation? D I! .. Rs = 13 Yes - 8 No - 5 'i 'Q Rs = 47 Yes - 26 No -21 A sample of responses includes: 0: n Agencies listed included :Casa de ArrQ?aro, W::Jnens Resource Center, Life "I 'In working. on them" , line, regal Aid, Q:)Unty Il!~tal Health TUrning Point, and Project Jove. ill got the right help to make decisions" "lim feeling like lim OK again" H "My husband doesn I t drink as much" o "lim s.till going through physical aria mental problems" , "We are bo~) in counselingH, .' . . " "I now have" a temporary restraining order to keep him fran gettmg v~olent H "I 1m still having problems in school" 0 "The counselor was very helpful" U 150 (} ,~------=---,----~--~ ---~------,---,-----=- ~- ~ ---- -~--- -.,------~-- ---~ ----- ~-~------~ - ~ ''tl .. ------.--~ ~~------.------II U 5. Have you sought help fram any other agencies or persons? I Rs = 49 Yes - 16 No -33 U 11. How long had your problem(s) been occurring before you sought help? (Sixty-~ percent of those advised to get cd:1itional help did so.) U Rs = 30 4 months or less 6. Have you ever called the police regarding the situation for which you 17 5 IIDnths to 1 year 2 are seeking help? 13 oonths to 2 years 4 2 to 4 years 5 Rs - 49 Yes - 29 No - 20 U Over Li years 2 I 7. Did you feel that the police were helpful? U 12. Have your problems been resolved? Rs = 49 Yes - 38 No - 11 Rs = 45 Yes - 21 No - 21 Not Sure - 3 I (Yes category may be larger since p?li<;:e ma~ have U ., '!hose who indicated their problems were resolved gave the' Boll~ing ~ been called by person other than vlctinVcllent). responses (sample); F \ 8. I IX> you have canplaints aIxxlt the way the police handled the situation? H U "I feel I'm ready to take on my responsibilities." "My husband and I are n~ talking, thing&-)over. " Rs = 49 Yes - 9 No - 40 "I don't feel as frightened as I did bet:ause I koow there are people n out there who really care." Complaints about police handling focused .on the issU7 ~at police did U "'!bey are helping me in court and any help I need." not clearly explain the actions that they took and Vlct~ were confused "lim taking steps: filing a:mplaint, have TRO, filing for divorce, about what would take place next. fi' getting counseling." what actions did the police take? (Multiple responses" were given) • fJ Those who noted that problems were not resolved gave these reasons (sample): Made an arrest 25 n Wrote a report 40 o "I need a .sOb, food, and IIDney." to 13 Talked participants "I'm going to contact pther agencies." Referred participants 8 n "I have no problem."i) to Social Service Agency [) "My problem will not be solved until .I have the right to my son." I, Separated participants 6 "I am still trying to solve my prct.'lem. Ii Issued a citation 3 '. n "My boyfrierrl's problem will not be solved by putting him in jail." • Enforced a Terr(porary 2 n Restraining Order .~"/ () 9. How did you find out about Oceanside Victim-Aid Program? fl' Q P01:ice 28 Friend/relative 4 o Other-~7, Ii Major~1:y of I other' responses indicated tha,t 0' I the victims/clien~p were contacted by proJect staff. I 10. 'What made you seek help at this time,? o o U· '\ Rs = 39 '!he majority C;;f ~spondents cited actual physical vi?lence as o the presenting problem., Others. mentioned fe~r of abuse/bea~lng and B, several indicated that they needed legal asslstance and/or mforma U tion abou~ the court process. U U' , \ fl ;" I) , D d) o ,) ;:/:;.: 152 U I ].53 I I:' .. ""'~ __~,O~_~'.-"" .. ,:J."'.~."."'l>,t\<.w,,~~ .... _ ...... ,"" ...... "_'·.'... _____ .... _-...... ____~ __--~- ..-.-- .... ~" .-----.---~--. ------~~ o .. , ~:::"*' ___~ _ __o:.":.______, "\'" j /~' j ,,~ 6' I.'" 0 n April 1981 I):') IDMEN'S RE~ CENTER '~ u CLIENT SURVEY RESJ?CNSE !! " o I, t u The Criminal Justice Evaluation Unit of SANDAG is evaluating seve:~al federally l:t.. funded projects providing services to battered waren and child ,abusing families. The evaluation effort included input from victims/clients contacted by projects during the first three rronths of 1981. The following results indicate the t u opinions of rclients regarding the services received both by the police and the project staff. o 1 U Total Respondents: 40 U Breakdown of Clients Served: Battered Wc>rren: 26 Rape Victim: 2 Battered Male: 1 U Batterer: 6 Other: 5 o i. U 1. Do you feel that the WOIrel1' s Resource Center was helpful? \('1 Rs 39 Yes - 37 No - 2 '•. = ". U 2. Do you have any complaints about. the Wcmen' s Resource Cehter? (,/ Rs = 40 Yes - 1 No - 39 ,,' '1- U 3. Did you need assistance that was not provided by the program? () " u Rs = 39 Yes - 5 No - 34 (). . 0 (j U Assistance n'E:eded included help to obtain financial resources, employment, () and psychiat:bic counseling. () ~. ( ., o 4. . Did the Women's Resource Center advise you to contact another agency or person for help with your situation? ,- -"", ., (j ,) .0;· ", ~ ""r Rs = 37 Yes .... 17' No - 20 () G o Agencies li~·~. eo. included Lifeline, Legal Aid, and medical doctors and pri- \ I '0 vate attorncys. il 5. Have you sought help from any other agencies or persons? I " Rs = 37 Yes - 12 Ng,·~ 25 » q L .'\1,;'- 0' (Seventy-one percent of tho~~"~dvised to get additional help did so.) ':' " 'J ~) (? ') 6 • Have you ever called the police regarding the situation for which you n are seeking help? o· U u -;00, ~?' . c 0._ /' Rs = 40 Yes Ti17 No - 23 " ' ~ "@!/Ei. . ,; .,' ~ 7. Did you feel that the police were helpf~l? " lJ Rs = 22 Yes - 10 No - 12 '0 • . ~ , , .0 .. \ . U I o < , ~ ft " ;; ,,;) 155 " U; \ () _~ ___--:. ___ ,___ , ___...., _Al. ___*_ .. ~~ _____'W~~~f~ .. .'~. ''> a ., '~ , ",,""'0·'----- ~ I S Resource Center 2. m u Do you have complaints about the way the police handled the situation? ~I- DOMESTIC vioLENCE TELEPHONE SURVEY '.' )! Rs = 22 Yes - 12 No - 10 <, u Hello, may I talk t6'the man or lady of the house? My name is . I work Complaints about the police focused on percept~ons of lack of interest in for the Regional Criminal Justice Board. The County is thinking about funding some pro ll jects in the San Diego region to deal with the problems of child abuse and wife beating. victim/unwillingne:Js to "believe victim I s explanation/not wanting to be 0. involved in gorcestic incidents/indication that p:>lice could not take,; any. action. ~(our number was selected randomly from the telephone book. I'd like to get you~l ideas and U opinions on these issues by asking some general questions. What actions did the police take? (Multiple responses l.>lere given.) o To begin, I'd like to define what I mean by child abuse. For this survey, child abuse is any Made an arrei:;t,\ 4 e"'1] Wrote a report 12 contin.ued behavior that threatens the physical.or emotional well-being of a child. (Is that clear?) Talked to participants ,) 7 Referred partici~ts to 5 U social service agency San Diego Region U North County Separated\'i?articipants 6 North County (except North County) Issued a citation 1 fl 1981 1979 1981 Enforced a temporru:y 2 restraining order U Do you feel that child ~buse is a problem in your community? HeM did you find out about the W<::m:m I,S Resource Center? \\ Yes Ii 37% 30% 40% ll U Rs =37 Other 14 IIOther responses included. Navy c/';' " 0'" No 47% 47% 42% Friend/relative 12~' Hospital, \!lotline, Probation, Dept., n Don't know Hi% 23% 18% Police 6 Public Health Dept. ,and private Media 5 physicians and attorneys. u If you or someone you know had this problem, who would you call for 10. What made you seek help at this time? D' help? Many respondents cited actual physical violence as the presenting problem. u Police 66% Not Asked 69% Others mentioned fear of abuse/beating , marital problems, and several Friend/relative , indicated that they:"needed legal assistance. E 7% 7% u Welfare. department 12% 9% Church ' 10% 11. HeM l~ng had your proble:n{s) been occurring before you sought help? \\' 9% I) ;::::;; 0, " HGalth department 1% .5% Rs = 36 4 Ironths or less 7 Hospital .6% 1% 5 rronths to 1 year 10 o Hotline 8% 5% 13 m:mths to 2 years 4 Other 32% 36% ( ~ 2 to 4 ;fears 5 n Don't know 6% 6% OVer 4 yea:r:"s '10 . u Mentionin~ no names, do you :12. Have your problems been resolved? n know anyone who may be pre sently a vi~tim of child abuse? Rs = 38 f' Yes - 7 No - 21 Not Sure - 10 q \) u I!" ":- BelCMis asarnple of r~sponses: B, Yes 9% 7% 3% ll No 91% 93% 97% "I am, still working on my problems 0 u III have fully recovered fran my '~iencell , To you knowledge, is that family liMy-problem wonlt ~ solved until, I find a better way to live and feel 0, receiving ,my help or support from we are safe II , U· a local agency, like a counseling III found great help here, I gained sone ,jstabilityll service? ll . , III 1m experiencing,~ rrore J:X)sitive change in my attitude, but it takes 'ti:rre OQ III still donlthave a place:to stayll ,', .. 0 Total Rs = 35 'III need eroplo:x'Iientll " () o Yes 46% 22% o oNo 39% 51% 71% U Don't kno'w 14% 27% 29% .0(' •• u U u \1 11, 7'~ 'J lJ .. , :1;.56 ... ' ;, 157 '\ .~, ;:' cP ~~7-----'~.~-"'''''-''- .. ______.,...... '_""~!t,. ~ .. ',.... . \} ,",'.::;'- /. J " '. ~~.-.,-. ' "~q ! i;- a ~-~--.~. ,~.~-"- -".-~---...-- """-." ,! ; =&~~: " .---~ l\ .. ------"'-'; f rIt I, tl D /' I ~ "1 ' I " ' II ;'} N~~~I'? like to as.k a few questions about ;pouse beating. Let me define what I mean by ".:.1 th~s. It IS any contrnued behavior that threatens a person's emotional or physical well- lj San Diego RegionO I ,: u berng. These statements apply mostly to wife beating, although men ate sometimes victims i North County North County (except North County) of spouse abuse. Please tell me if you agree or disagree with ~his statement. " ! 1981 1979 1981 /;,f 1 "I' U ,:s\ San Diego Region Ifyou don't mind telling me, was North County North County (except North County) anyone in your family abused as a 0 1981 () 1979 1981 child? U A wife beating situation should 7% Not Asked 7% Yes n .:~; 93% 93% be worked out by the couples i No themselves instead of by police .1 , j) U or court intervention. Would' V,9U mind telling me what n _ .. ~ype .~f abuse? " Agree 27% 18% 23% I Disagree 66% 70% I . .' U 67% Rs"'; 34 fl Don,l,}know 3% 2% 2% Physical 39% Not )~sked " i Depends on 4% 10% 8% ( Neglect 6% ,', 0" 1 Sexual 8% I U U Do you think that wife beating ! Emotional 19% is a problem in your community? \) I Combination 25% \ 3% II Other U Yes 32% 29% 32% II U No 51% 49% 50% I Don't know 17% 22% 18% ! Now, I'm going to read some 1 statements about child abuse. U 11 U· ~l Mentioning no names, do you I'd like you to tell me if you c:;: presently know a woman who [j agree or disagree with them. may be being assaulted by her The govenment has the legal U spouse or boyfriend? Ii c' right to determine when discipline U >," it -, of children by ,:their parents is JY Yes 11% 9% 12% excessive. ' D I) No 89% 91% 88% .. () U U 71% II Agree 66% Not Asked To your knowledge, is that person Disagree 28% <::-: 20% "> ... ~-. receiving any help or support from ij ~.~- Lt.. " "\' 4% 5% Don't know 0 a local agency? , 2% 4% n ; \.' ) Depends on , " N= 31 N =44 N = 27 r 1 ' Yes 19% 25% 26% I f~ the elementary schools, .U No 74% 71% 67% teachers and principals should U Don't know 7% 5% 7% be.allowedto spank children " ; ". when they do not behave. U Whic!l of the following actions n do you think might prevent Agree 43% 53% 41% wife beating? (multiple responses) Disagree 40% 35% 44% , ..... ~ Don't know 2% 2% .5% '6~ U· .$' Educating and informing com- \) Onfy with parental permission 10% 0 10% 11% U\..) () .; munity about the problem. '53% Not Asked 52% 4% "II cJ Depends'on situati9n 6% Arresting'the abuser. 39% ,,,34% ~ 0 Coun~elingfor the persons ~; Cl 8'2%'; .-.<" 0 involved. ' 85% ;t"_", ~J '" " Something else I haven't () ·tf mentioned. 12% 12% .-)' , n n (Included: enforcement of cur- e, rent laws, more temporary . II (' r~straining orders issued, D stiffer penalties) '~) ~ i l,j 'It?'o ;' , I I' II ~~.~-==~- II ~1~;;J ~y~, ~'~"~--,:, , ;,::,\i:'- I U "'))'\, , ' I 14 ,. :;J;i41 m tiS ,..dlZU4C"" < .1' 70-;;S",~--;::;:'.,~~~"""'" ! /. _,..t P .. ~,· ~".~'.-'"-- ~~ ... -~. _. - >""., !. , • ..". ~ ...... _ '->0' --~~~==~~--~,--.---,. ~~----~------~ 1\ (l What type of dwelling do you Total Region - 1981' ~\\ live in? Single family 71% Duplex 2% Apartment 13% Condo/townhouse 9% Mobile home 6% Other .4% (j Do you own or rent? Own 70% Rent 29% o Refused s 1% o Do you have children? Yes 68% No 32% Which category reflects your age? \. o o 18-30 26% 31-43 27% 44-56 ,20% 57 and over \~ 28% What is your present marital status? a, () Married 71% Divorced/separated 7%· Single .. -13% .;:; \1 Spouse~like J [2% "J./ " . Other 7% o Would yothfnind,.te!!ing,mB ~tour , - :..,' racial or ethnic backg~ound? l/ Caucasian 89% Latino 5% Black 2% Q . , . . ' u , .~-: Whitt"! of these categories refiects II " your total yearly household income? o. I,. 0, \\; o $5,000 or below 7% o u • " .. ,:;=-~' " i:;::; 6,000 to $10,000 9% '0 \ 0 " 11,000 to $15,000 14% 16,OOQto $20,0~¥J 16% D o Over $20,000 41% Q Refused 13% ...,. .. ,~ c>" ' , . Don't ask, but indicate: 43% 57% " ," Male Fema!e 1', ".. "~ .,' , . o -~~~ :~:7~: -':f",oM~,;':/ , -:. .~. -. /" ,"" . '!¥'<:!"" "",," -:P < ___ "",~, , ...... " ·0 ", " '\ .. ,,", ... "' .... ' L.~~ ____. ____ .. ___._',"_<:.:.::.::::~~= . ....,)-~ ...... ,;\'>-\<~~-"!:':!::i""'!n-t'"""-'"-~..."..,....,..----~- CJ Appendix C Additional Table TABLE 32 SERVICE PROVIDER SURVEY RESPONSES PERCENTAGE OF 'YES' RESPONSES, BY AGENCY . NORTH COUNTY .... , 1 Total 'I, Respondenls Public He.llh % Community Agencies Nurses County Mental Health Hospital Staff School Nurses Number Eseon- Ocean~ Eseon- Ocean .. Eseon- Ocp.an- Eseon- OClan .. Eleon- Oc ..n .. Escon" Oceln- Ca .. dido side Co .. dido side C.e;a dido sida Ca .. dido sid. easa dido sid. C... dido sid. De Victim· Victim ~ De Victim· Victim· De Victim- Viclim· De Victim- Victim· De Victim· Victim· De Victim .. Victim .. -.Survey Questions Amparo WRC Witne.. Aid Amparo WRC Witness Aid Amparo WRC Witness Aid Ampero WRC Wltne.. Aid Amparo WRC Witness Aid Amparo WRC Witness Aid 1. Are you familiar wit" this 96% 97% 33% 63% 100% 100% 44% 67% 100% 100% 60% 50% 100% 100% 0 100% 100% 100% 0 , 0 99% 99% 35% 62% agency? . N=74 iN=74 N=60 N=65 2. Have you referred individuals 89% 96% 7% 22% 100% 100% 40% 35% 100% 100% 50% 13% 100% 100% 0 100% 67% 83% 0 0 93% 97% 25% 34% ) to this agency? 69 72 49 56 ! 3. Have you received referrals 48% 54% 0 39% 39% 44% 14% 7% 40% 70% 22% 0 78% 75% (j 57% 17% 17% 0 0 46% 1 53% 8% 23% from this agency? 68' I 49 52 i 4. Should the services provided 100% 96% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 67% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 199: j 97% 100% j1OO% bV thisl3gencv continue? 65 66 33 40 5. Have you been satisfied with 86% 83% 75% 79% 94% 83% 100% 100% 78% 88% 100% 75% 100% 100% 0 100% 80% 100 0 0 88% 87% 90% 87% : your interaction with this 58 60 19 31 \ agency? 1 % f) :> .. , Q ," ." """ , , ~" o ." ." .'. I I ~ I ," ]I fr' Appendix D I'I Penal Code Sections \\ An assault is an attempt to COllItiit violent injury up:m another pers<:m, canbined with the realistic ability to inflict the injury. U A battery is the actual use of f07cce or violence up::>n another person. c 0 2. ASSAULT WITH A DEADLY WEAKJN OR k"ORCE LIKELY 'IO PROIXJCE GREAT (J BODILY INJURY. 245 P.C. A beating is a felony if the attacker has a deadly weapon or beats U the v~ct:im with enough force likely to cause severe injury. A r::losed fist may be regarded as a deadly weapon or force under this statute. :~.;, 0 3. ASSAULT WI'lll INTENI' 1.0 CCl>1MIT MURDER. 217 P.C. -,, 0 'Ihe prosecution must prove' that the batterer intended to kill. '\ " , Intent can be shown by threats, conversations, past behavior, arrount of forc~ used, and any other similar evidence. Despite the fact that one out of e!ight homicides in the u.s. involve violence between ~; I 0 spouses, arrests in this situation rarely occur under this statute. o ,~ o 4. WCl1AN BEATn«;. 273.5 P.c. This statute makes a felony for any man or woman to use physical force on a person of the opposite sex he or she is living with. G:nerallYr injuries mllst be visible. o , 5. PHYSICAL ASSAULT AND CRUEL CORroRAL PUNISHMEm'. 273d P.C. : . o Any perlion who willfully inf)_icts upon any child any cruel or , inhuman corporal punishment,for injury resulting in a traumatic .. 0 ~ t~,on j condi is guilty of a felony. i 1 (, -CJ~!j 'I 0' f' ~ 6. NEGLEC~r. 270 P.C. '" ;tf a :parent willfully anits, without lawful excuse, to furnish ~ U ,,' necessary clothing, food, shelter, or medical assistance for his I, ,", , Ii e) or her child, s/he is guilty of a misdemeanor. ~ u .' i, , " '0 o ~ ,\ 0-, '/ !} .- - '1 I ,) Q ! ',t B 163 , , " 1·_ ... " .=r-- ...."'I_' -"-~""':"""""-~u-, -~""'--'-:'-~-~!':i''?!:,-S'"'t';7:-----'''-""'''''------~ -_;,,;o~,"m;"'::;:.!L!#ibt(__ ,,=, """""""'~=,""'__ ""'~==,""':!{r;r::=.~,.".-...,O::;::::::::;;:;=*"",M " 1· ...: "- I ' 1 t/'I H , (t;l ...... ~ r'," , . ~ Ttl ':"'~; " m o o 7. SECTION 273a. - " m [) " Any person who, under conditions or circumstances likely to produc~ great bodily harm or death, willfully causes or permits any child to suffer, or inflicts unjustifiable physical pain or mental suffering, I , II or willfully causes or! permits the person ot' health of such child lye to be placed in such situation that its person or health is en dangered, is punishable by imprisonment ih the County jail not I exceeding one year, or in state prison. , 1,,,,, ,8. m::EST. 285 P.C.· D o "- l Crime Against Child 288 P.C. - Includes any lewd or lascivious act against a child under 14 years o~d. I :-.!..~, !) 0 C'iiJ I These Penal Code descriptions were extracted from the California Attorney \";;'J General's Handbooks on ChIld Abuse (1978) and Domestic Violence (1978). .n 'II u '\ '1 • Dc' .~ U o " [) 0 ,,' U U c '(, ." 'i,,' 0 • o n t>, o '. c fl' o~ rOo,,,, (j H 0 " "" ... -' ~ c) ~D ~ O~.\" .~ ( . b o OJ I /i.' 0 Q:, 0 ~" ' ~"0 ,'.\',. .. ~4111 ',' 1,\" c 0 •- I . O . 0 164 II (;.i