DOCSLIB.ORG

Majidi's 'Beyond the Clouds' Screened Worldwide

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Majidi's 'Beyond the Clouds' Screened Worldwide Art & Culture April 21, 2018 3 This Day in History Majidi’s ‘Beyond the Clouds’ (April 21) Today is Saturday; 1st of the Iranian month of Ordibehesht 1397 solar hijri; corresponding to 4th of the Islamic month of Sha’ban 1439 lunar hijri; and April 21, 2018, of the Christian Gregorian Calendar. Screened Worldwide 1413 lunar years ago, on this day in 26 AH, the valiant Standard-Bearer of the Immortal Epic of Karbala, Hazrat Abu’l-Fazl al-Abbas (AS), was born in Medina to the Commander This year’s opening of the 36th Fajr In- of the Faithful, Imam Ali ibn Abi Taleb (AS). His mother was the virtuous lady Omm al- Baneen Fatema bint Hezaam of the al-Kilabiyya clan noted for its courage and bravery. ternational Film Festival began with the Imam Ali (AS) had married her several years after the passing away of his beloved wife, screening of Majidi’s Indian-set film on Hazrat Fatema Zahra (SA) the daughter of Prophet Mohammad (SAWA). Hazrat Abbas (AS), who was over two decades younger than his older brothers, the Prophet’s grandsons, April 19.Festival Director Reza Mirk- Imam Hasan (AS) and Imam Husain (AS), was very much attached to them since childhood. Out of respect for their immaculate lineage, he never called them brothers, but would refer arimi, Deputy Director Mohammad to them as Lords and Masters. He was in Karbala like a shadow beside Imam Husain (AS), Salavatifard, Head of International Affairs and while trying to fetch water for the thirsty camp of the Imam, he sacrificed his life, by first losing both his hands, but never tasted a drop of water even when he succeeded in Amir Esfandiari, actor Habib Rezaei, and reaching the bank of the River Euphrates. His shrine till this day stands as a sentinel to the shrine of Imam Husain (AS), with pilgrims from all over the world seeking his intercession a host of A-listers and movie fans were with God Almighty by addressing him as “Bab al-Murad” or the Gateway of Needs. His present. birthday is marked in the Islamic Republic of Iran as “Roz-e Janbaz” or the Day of the Valiant Veterans. We congratulate all listeners on the auspicious birth anniversary of Hazrat “Beyond The Clouds” depicts a touching Abbas (AS), and will present a special feature on his life later in our programme. 999 lunar years ago, on this day in 440 AH, Iranian mystic and poet, Abu-Saeed Abi’l-Khair, story centered round a brother-sister rela- passed away at the age of 83 in his native Khorasan. He was an expert on the exegesis of tionship. It also focuses on the siblings’ the Holy Qur’an, in addition to hadith, and jurisprudence, and was very deeply devoted to the Prophet’s Ahl al-Bayt. The important details of his thoughts and life are known from the bond, on human relationships in general. book “Asrar at-Tawhid” (Mysteries of Monotheism) written by his grandson, Mohammad Ibn Munawwar, after his death. He was also an accomplished poet, and mostly composed quatrains. Majid Majidi is one of the most re- th 985 lunar years ago, on this day in 454 AH, Mo’iz ibn Badees, the 4 ruler of the Zirid nowned Iranian filmmakers. His poetic dynasty of Morocco died after a reign of 46 years during which he turned against his own benefactors the Fatemid Ismaili Shi’ite dynasty. way of narrating stories has always had 756 lunar years ago, on this day in 683 AH, Iranian statesman, Shams od-Din Mohammad ibn Baha od-Din Mohammad ibn Mohammad Juwaini was martyred by the Mongol influence on not only Iran’s cinema but ruler, Arghun Khan on the alleged charges of poisoning of his father Abaqa Khan, who TEHRAN (Dispatches) - “Beyond the littoral states, Canada, North African, Pa- also on world’s cinema. He has written actually died of excessive drinking. A vizier and Sahib-Divan or Minister of Finance for 22 years under three Ilkhans – i.e. Hulagu, Abaqa and Ahmad Tekuder –both his grandfather Clouds” directed by Iranian filmmaker kistan, India, the U.S., Netherlands, the UK, and directed many noteworthy films that Mohammad and his father Baha od-Din, had held the post of Sahib-Divan for Mohammad Jalal od-Din Khwarezmshah and Chingiz Khan’s son Ogedei Khan respectively. Majid Majidi is due to be screened in more Belgium, Singapore, Australia, Malaysia, have won worldwide recognition, notably th 745 lunar years ago, on this day in 694 AH, Ghazan Khan, the 7 ruler of the Iran-based than 34 regions including the Persian Gulf Indonesia and some other countries. Children of Heaven. Ilkhanid Dynasty that included Iraq, Armenia, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, and parts of Turkey, Syria and Georgia, embraced the truth of Islam along with over 100,000 Mongols. He changed his name to Mahmoud and ruled for nine years during which he demolished the temples built by the Buddhist occupiers of the Muslim lands. He was the son of Arghun. 512 solar years ago, on this day in 1506 AD, the 3-day Lisbon Massacre ended in the 5 Top Films at Iran Box Office Unveiled Portuguese capital with the slaughter of over 1,900 Jews by Christians of the Catholic sect. TEHRAN (Dispatches) - directed by Borzou Niknejad, 492 solar years ago, on this day 1526 AD, the last ruler of the Pashtun Dynasty of Hindustan (northern subcontinent), Ibrahim Lodhi, was defeated and killed in the First Battle of Panipat Five top bestselling films at Ira- “The Elephant King”, directed near Delhi, by the Central Asian invader, Mohammad Zaheer od-Din, Babar, who established nian box office for April 12-19, by Hadi Mohammadian. the Moghal Dynasty that ushered in the golden age of Muslim rule in the Subcontinent. Babar, whose grave is in Kabul, which was his capital, was a great grandson of the fearsome 2018 have been unveiled with “Lottery” has been running Turkic conqueror, Amir Timur, and hence the Moghals are often called Timurids. Mohammad-Hossein Mahda- in the Iranian cinemas for 5 346 solar years ago, on this day in 1672 AD, Abdullah Qotb Shah, the 6th ruler of the Qara Qoyunlu Iranian-Turkic dynasty of the Deccan (southern India), died after a rule of 46 years vian’s “Lottery” shining at the weeks. The movie has been that was marked by aggressions and gradual encroachment on his territory by the Mughals top. welcomed by Iranian cinema- of Hindustan (northern India). He patronized art, architecture, literature, and sciences, as migration of scholars continued from Iran. An accomplished Persian poet, he established These films include “Lot- goers from the outset of the religious institutions in his capital, Haiderabad, which are still active today. His mother, tery”directed by Moham- screening. the sagacious lady, Hayat-Bakhshi Begum, was daughter of the founder of Haiderabad, mad-Hossein Mahdavian, “Vespiary” is a comedy with Mohammad Qoli Qotb Shah, while his father Sultan Mohammad Qotb Shah was nephew and successor of the former. Abdullah maintained regular correspondence with Shah Abbas II of “Damascus Time”, direct- a social theme which tells the the Safavid Empire of Iran, whose name was read in the Friday Prayer sermons as emperor ed by Ebrahim Hatamikia, story of two burglars who – a matter that irritated the Moghals. During his rule, several valuable works were written in Persian, such as “Akhlaq-e Abdullah Qotb Shahi” on ethics by the scholarly prime minister, “Confiscation”, directed by receive a box that leads to a Sheikh Mohammad ibn Khatoun, the lexicon “Burhan-e Qate’” by Ibn Khalaf Tabrizi, and Ali Mehran Ahmadi, “Vespiary”, range of adventures for them. ibn Tayfur’s Persian translation of Ibn Babawaiyh Qomi’s celebrated book “Oyoun Akhbar ar-Reza” on the 8th Infallible Imam of the Prophet’s Household titled “Toḥfa-e Malaki”. 309 solar years ago, on this day in 1709 AD, the Georgian king of Kartli, George XI or Gurjin Khan, who was appointed by the Safavid Emperor, Shah Sultan Hussain, as governor-general of what is now western Afghanistan to suppress the Pashtun tribes, was Scientists Develop Early Warning System for Cancer treacherously murdered in Qandahar by Mirwais Khan Hotak, the Ghilzai clan chief, who had invited him to a banquet to carry out the plot. It was a tactical blunder by the Shah to BERN (Dispatches) - Re- initiates production of the a doctor for further evalua- cium as the indicator of the appoint a brutal Christian, as governor of Muslims. searchers have developed an body’s tanning pigment mel- tion after the mole appears,” development of the four 236 solar years ago, on this day in 1782 AD, German pedagogue, Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel, was born. He laid the foundation for modern education based on the early warning system for the anin in the genetically mod- explains Fussenegger. It is types of cancer, as it is reg- recognition that children have unique needs and capabilities. He created the concept of the four most common types of “kindergarten” and coined the word now used in German and English. He developed the ified cells. The skin then no reason to panic. “The ulated strongly in the body. educational toys known as Froebel Gifts. cancer. forms a brown mole that is mole does not mean that the Bones serve as a buffer that 226 solar years ago, on this day in 1792 AD, Brazilian revolutionary, Jose da Silva Xavier, known as Tiradentes or Teeth-Puller for his apprenticeship to a dentist, was hanged, Researchers working with visible to the naked eye. person is likely to die soon,” can balance out concentra- drawn and quartered in Rio de Janeiro, for leading the movement for independence from Martin Fussenegger, Pro- The mole appears long stresses the ETH professor.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Muhammad Uljaytu's Conversion to Islam Key Terms
    Muhammad Uljaytu’s Conversion to Islam Seyyedeh Samira Behzadi1 After the Mongols’ invasion of Iran, no one could ever imagine that the grand children of Genghis Khan would pave the context for the growth and dissemination of Islam in later periods. Genghis Khan, himself, was a shaman and his grandsons, such as Hulagu Khan and Abaqa Khan, and Abaqa Khan’s children were Buddhists. However, they always dealt with the followers of other religions and sects with respect. The court of Hulagu Khan in Iran was always frequented by the scholars of other religions. Some of the children and grandchildren of Hulagu Khan abandoned their ancestral religion because of the necessities of their time and converted to Islam or Christianity. In this regard, reference can be made to Ghazan Khan and Muhammad Uljaytu who, because of the penetration of Muslim scholars in their courts, paid attention to Islam and Shi’ism. Ghazan Khan chose the Hanafite religion but did not formally acknowledge his conversion to Shi’ism for certain political reasons. Muhammad Uljaytu, his brother, persuaded the king to follow Shi’ism more openly for several reasons including the penetration of some Muslim scholars and Shi’iteministers and rulers, such as Allamah al-Hilli, his son Fakhr ul- Muhaqqiqin, and Amir TarmTaz, in his court and their arguments as to the superiority of Shi’ism over Sunnism. Uljaytu chose the Twelver branch of Shi’ism and, at the sometime, issued the order of reading sermons in Friday prayers in the name of the Shi’ite Imams (a) and minting coins in their names.
    [Show full text]
  • The Last Great Nomadic Challenges: from Chinggis Khan to Timur
    ChapterChapter 14 The Last Great Nomadic Challenges: From Chinggis Khan to Timur (A.D. 500 – A.D. 1450) The Steppe How would you characterize this region? Where is this? Steppe Culture . Loyalty to kin/clan . Courage culture . Horsemanship . Mobile (pastoralists & hunters) . Animists . Raiding between tribes . Traded with sedentary peoples for manufactured goods . Invented stirrups Mongols . Declared themselves to be descendents of Huns who founded the 1st steppe empire in late Classical era. Called “Tartars” especially by Westerners (“people from hell”), though a misnomer: Mongols conquered steppe tribe Tartars, but because so many Tartars rose to prominence in the Mongol Empire, the name became synonymous with Mongols. The Mongols . The Mongols were well known for their ability to ride horses well and wage war. Skilled in shooting short composite bows and arrows from horseback. Organized troops effectively and readily adopted new technologies, like gunpowder from China. At a meeting of Mongol leaders in 1206, a man named Temujin was Mongol Conquests elected Genghis Khan, which means strong ruler. He united Mongol tribes and conquered a vast empire that stretched from the Pacific Ocean to Eastern Europe. Genghiz Khan imposed strict military discipline and demanded absolute loyalty. His highly trained armies contained some of the most skilled horsemen in the world. In their conquest of China, the Mongol armies faced the problem of attacking walled cities. Mongol and Chinese armies used missile weapons against each other. Genghis Khan . Valued individual merit & loyalty . Fighting wasn’t honorable; winning was. So, used any means necessary to win (trickery, etc.) . Conscripted peasants: Mongols just didn’t understand peasants who seemed like grazing animals rather than real humans who ate meat.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Survey) by Dr
    Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE: D History, Archaeology & Anthropology Volume 21 Issue 2 Version 1.0 Year 2021 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Online ISSN: 2249-460x & Print ISSN: 0975-587X Azerbaijan on the Great Silk Road between China and Europe (Historical Survey) By Dr. Maryam Seyidbeyli Introduction- Since the end of Prehistoric times, there have been trading relations between the countries. For comprehensive and permanent trade, the country must have rich natural resources, raw materials, and favorable geographical conditions. Almost all of these are available in Azerbaijan. For this reason, Azerbaijan has always played an crucial role in the realization of trade relations, including China, one of the ancient trade centers. From time immemorial, China's trade relations with Western countries have passed through the territory of Azerbaijan. Since ancient China was the only country that produced silk, silk was considered the most important fabric in other countries. Therefore, it stood in the most significant place in trade. That is why this trade became known as the Silk Road. Silk Road trade became more widespread in the Middle Ages. This paper deals with the history of the Silk Rod in Azerbaijan. The author uses different primary and secondary sources for her academic analyzes. Keywords: azerbaijan, china, trade, silk road, relationship, history. GJHSS-D Classification: FOR Code: 430199 AzerbaijanontheGreatSilkRoadbetweenChinaandEuropeHistoricalSurvey Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: © 2021. Dr. Maryam Seyidbeyli. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
    [Show full text]
  • Maria Paleologina and the Il-Khanate of Persia. a Byzantine Princess in an Empire Between Islam and Christendom
    MARIA PALEOLOGINA AND THE IL-KHANATE OF PERSIA. A BYZANTINE PRINCESS IN AN EMPIRE BETWEEN ISLAM AND CHRISTENDOM MARÍA ISABEL CABRERA RAMOS UNIVERSIDAD DE GRANADA SpaIN Date of receipt: 26th of January, 2016 Final date of acceptance: 12th of July, 2016 ABSTRACT In the 13th century Persia, dominated by the Mongols, a Byzantine princess, Maria Paleologina, stood out greatly in the court of Abaqa Khan, her husband. The Il-Khanate of Persia was then an empire precariously balanced between Islam, dominant in its territories and Christianity that was prevailing in its court and in the diplomatic relations. The role of Maria, a fervent Christian, was decisive in her husband’s policy and in that of any of his successors. Her figure deserves a detailed study and that is what we propose in this paper. KEYWORDS Maria Paleologina, Il-khanate of Persia, Abaqa, Michel VIII, Mongols. CapitaLIA VERBA Maria Paleologa, Ilkhanatus Persiae, Abaqa, Michael VIII, Mongoles. IMAGO TEMPORIS. MEDIUM AEVUM, XI (2017): 217-231 / ISSN 1888-3931 / DOI 10.21001/itma.2017.11.08 217 218 MARÍA ISABEL CABRERA RAMOS 1. Introduction The great expansion of Genghis Khan’s hordes to the west swept away the Islamic states and encouraged for a while the hopes of the Christian states of the East. The latter tried to ally themselves with the powerful Mongols and in this attempt they played the religion card.1 Although most of the Mongols who entered Persia, Iraq and Syria were shamanists, Nestorian Christianity exerted a strong influence among elites, especially in the court. That was why during some crucial decades for the history of the East, the Il-Khanate of Persia fluctuated between the consolidation of Christian influence and the approach to Islam, that despite the devastation brought by the Mongols in Persia,2 Iraq and Syria remained the dominant factor within the Il-khanate.
    [Show full text]
  • Universi^ Micn^Lms
    INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting througli an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method of “sectioning” the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinggis Khan and His Conquest of Khorasan: Causes and Consequences
    CHINGGIS KHAN AND HIS CONQUEST OF KHORASAN: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES BY ANIBA ISRAT ARA ARSHAD ISLAM INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA ABSTRACT This book explores the causes and consequences of Chinggis Khan’s invasion of Khorasan in the 13th century. It discusses Chinggis Khan’s charismatic leadership qualities that united all nomadic tribes and gave him the authority to become the supreme Mongol leader, which helped him to invade Khorasan. It also focuses on the rise of the Muslim cities in Khorasan where many Muslim scholars kept their intellectual brilliance and made Khorasan the cultural capital of the Muslims. This study apprises us of Chinggis Khan’s war tactics and administrative system which made his men extremely strong and advanced despite their culture remaining barbaric in nature. His progeny also followed a similar policy for a long time until all Muslim cities were fully destroyed. The work also focuses on the rise of many sectarian divisions among the Muslims which brought disunity that eventually led to their downfall. Thus, this study underscores the importance of revitalization of unity in the Muslim world so that Muslims may not become vulnerable to any foreign imperialistic power. Unity also is the key to preserve Muslim intellectual thought and Islamic cultural identities. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the beginning, I would like to say that all praise is to Allah (swt) Almighty; despite the difficulties, with His mercy, and the strength, patience and resilience that He has bestowed on me, I completed my work. I am heartily thankful to my beloved supervisor to Dr. Arshad Islam, whose encouragement, painstaking supervision and tireless motivating from the beginning of my long journey to the concluding level helped me to complete this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Peranan Jengis Khan Terhadap Kehancuran
    JENGISKAN DAN HANCURNYA SEBUAH PERADABAN (Sebuah Analisis Sejarah) DRS. BAHRUM SALEH, M.AG. Fakultas Sastra Program Studi Bahasa Arab Universitas Sumatera Utara BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.Latar Belakang. Ratusan ribu mayat tanpa kepala berserakan dan tumpang tindih memenuhi jalan-jalan, parit-parit dan lapangan-lapangan. Disekitarnya bangunan-bangunan megah dan indah banyak yang tinggal puing-puing dan rerontokan. Asap masih mengepul dari bangunan-bangunan yang dibakar. Tentara dari pangkat rendah sampai tinggi sibuk memenggal kepala ribuan manusia dan kemudian memisahkan kepala yang terpisah dari tubuhnya itu menurut kelompok: kepala wanita, anak-anak, orang tua, dipisahkan satu dari yang lain. Sungai Dajlah atau Tigris berubah menjadi hitam disebabkan tinta ribuan manuskrip yang dilempar ke dalamnya. Perpustakaan, rumah sakit, mesjid, madrasah, tempat pemandian dan rumah para bangsawan, toko dan rumah makan – semuanya dihancurkan. Demikianlah, kota yang selama beberapa abad menjadi pusat terbesar peradaban Islam itupun musnah dalam sekejap mata. Setelah puas, pasukan penakluk itupun bersiap-siap pergi tanpa penyesalan sedikitpun. Mereka kini hanya sibuk mengumpulkan barang-barang jarahan yang berharga: timbunan perhiasan yang tak ternilai harganya, berkilo-kilo batangan emas dan uang dinar, batu permata, intan berlian – semua dimasukkan ke dalam ratusan karung dan kemudian diangkut dalam iringan gerobak dan kereta yang sangat panjang. Penyair Sa’idi (1184 – 1291) pernah menyaksikan peristiwa serupa sebelumnya, yaitu di kota Shiraz. Dia berhasil menyelamatkan diri dan merekam peristiwa yang dia saksikan dalam sajaknya: Maka langit pun mencurahkan Hujan lebat darah ke atas bumi Dan kebinasaan menyapu bersih Kerajaan al-Mu’tasim, khalifah orang mukmin Ya Muhammad ! Apabila hari pengadilan datang Angkutlah kepala tuan dan lihat Kesengsaraan umatmu ini ! Saksi lain menulis para musisi dan penyanyi dipanggil agar bernyanyi dengan riang gembira, sementara bangsawan-bangsawan kota diperintahkan merawat kuda-kuda mereka.
    [Show full text]
  • Caliph Al-Mansur and Hulagu Khan an Analysis of Their Political Strategies in the Light of Machiavellianism
    CALIPH AL-MANSUR AND HULAGU KHAN AN ANALYSIS OF THEIR POLITICAL STRATEGIES IN THE LIGHT OF MACHIAVELLIANISM BY SAYMA AAMAL SIDDIQ A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Human Sciences in History and Civilization Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences International Islamic University Malaysia SEPTEMBER 2016 ABSTRACT This research discusses life and careers of the Mongol Khan Hulagu and the Abbasid Caliph Mansur in the light of the Machiavellian leadership theory. It aims to explore whether Machiavellianism is a necessary attribute in ensuring an undisputed rule or dominion. Although Machiavelli’s advocacy of ruthlessness and deception promises a successful, unchallenged reign, it largely ignores the psychological aspect as well as the repercussions of suppressing the spiritual self. With reference to al-Mansur, who epitomized the Machiavellian prince, it can be deduced that this eventually leads to psychological trauma, as a result of guilt and fear of retribution, casting a shadow on one’s political success. Thus, this questions the adequacy of The Prince as a practical philosophy, and shifts attention to the all-encompassing nature of Islam which secures political stability and success, without having to sacrifice moral consciousness. Hulagu, whose mission was to restore peace and justice (along with securing Mongol dominion) in the troubled lands of Persia and Iraq, leaned more towards Islamic principles than Machiavellianism in conducting his conquests. Though Hulagu’s career eventually faltered as a result of military defeats, the foundations laid by him contributed to the prosperity of the Ilkhanid Dynasty, which only came to an end due to biological (not political) causes as the last Ilkhan died childless.
    [Show full text]
  • Detroit Country Day Academic Regular Tournament Packet 8
    Detroit Country Day Academic Regular Tournament Packet 8 Edited by: Christopher Gilmer-Hill, Sarod Nori, Jon Suh, Jason Golfinos, Jakob Myers, and John John Groger Written by: Daniel Liu, Zaid Siddiqui, Adam Sun, Arthur Gayden, Costas Pavlou, Aeres Zhou, Ajay Sumanth, Maria Cheriyan, Yiou Jiang, and Connor Shi 1. In a play by this author, the title character says he would rather “take the lives of miserable men” than “be the causers of their misery.” In a different play by this author, the title character anachronistically captures Persepolis before putting the Ottoman sultan and his wife in a cage. The pimp Pilia-Borza and the prostitute Bellamira convince a slave named ( *) Ithamore to bribe the title character of one of this author’s plays. That title character is the mastermind behind crimes such as poisoning a group of nuns, and he ultimately perishes in a cauldron of fire. For 10 points, name this author of T amburlaine and T he Jew of Malta. ANSWER: Christopher M arlowe <British Literature, Siddiqui> You’re just a tax bill and you’re sitting here on Capitol Hill but you hope you’ll be a law someday. For 10 points each, [10] Since you are a tax bill, you first need to be passed by this chamber of Congress. Bills originating in this chamber of Congress are designated by the letters H.R. ANSWER: United States H ouse of Representatives [10] In order to come to a vote on the House floor, you would first need to get approved by this chief tax-writing House committee, which is traditionally the first to consider legislation about taxation.
    [Show full text]
  • Phd 2013 F Hodous, Toluid Dynamics of Asia
    Toluid Dynamics of Asia: flexibility, legality and identity within Toluid institutions Florence Hodous Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD in History 2013 Department of History School of Oriental and African Studies University of London 2 Abstract This thesis will show that the concept of Great Yasa is not supported by the contemporary sources and that alternative approaches are needed to investigate law in the Toluid empire. While the concept of Yasa tends to reinforce the perception of Mongol law as being rigid, in fact, considerable room for flexibility and negotiation was embedded within the Mongol legal tradition. This flexibility can be seen in the traditional Mongol institution of the quriltai, an institution which was important not only in terms of the election of khans and taking various decisions, but also in legal terms. The principle of collegiality which was at its foundation was central to Mongol legal culture and its effects can be discerned in the Ilkhanate and the Yuan dynasty. While there was little political will on the part of the Mongol rulers to impose any particular legal practices, including Mongol customs, on the conquered populations, the principle of collegiality had a significant impact on how they dealt with legal matters, and how they and their officials interacted with Persian and Chinese legal traditions. In the many legal cases decided by conference, where many different stakeholders were present, can be seen the enduring effects of the principle of collegiality. The flexibility of the Mongol approach to law is also seen in the differences in the influence of Mongol law in Persia and China.
    [Show full text]
  • Mark Scheme for June 2017
    GCE History A Unit : Y204/01 Genghis Khan and the Explosion from the Steppes c.1167 - 1405 Advanced GCE Mark Scheme for June 2017 Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA) is a leading UK awarding body, providing a wide range of qualifications to meet the needs of candidates of all ages and abilities. OCR qualifications include AS/A Levels, Diplomas, GCSEs, Cambridge Nationals, Cambridge Technicals, Functional Skills, Key Skills, Entry Level qualifications, NVQs and vocational qualifications in areas such as IT, business, languages, teaching/training, administration and secretarial skills. It is also responsible for developing new specifications to meet national requirements and the needs of students and teachers. OCR is a not-for-profit organisation; any surplus made is invested back into the establishment to help towards the development of qualifications and support, which keep pace with the changing needs of today’s society. This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which marks were awarded by examiners. It does not indicate the details of the discussions which took place at an examiners’ meeting before marking commenced. All examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the published question papers and the report on
    [Show full text]
  • Global Journal of Human Social Science Northern Part
    Online ISSN : 2249-460X Print ISSN : 0975-587X DOI : 10.17406/GJHSS AzerbaijanontheGreatSilkRoad ChinaandEurope(HistoricalSurvey) TheActivitiesoftheAbbasidCaliphs GreatSilkRoadbetweenChina&Europe VOLUME21ISSUE2VERSION1.0 Global Journal of Human-Social Science: D History, Anthropology & Archaeology Global Journal of Human-Social Science: D History, Anthropology & Archaeology Volume 2 1Issue 2 (Ver. 1.0) Open Association of Research Society Global Journals Inc. *OREDO-RXUQDORI+XPDQ (A Delaware USA Incorporation with “Good Standing”; Reg. Number: 0423089) Social Sciences. 2021 Sponsors:Open Association of Research Society Open Scientific Standards $OOULJKWVUHVHUYHG 7KLVLVDVSHFLDOLVVXHSXEOLVKHGLQYHUVLRQ Publisher’s Headquarters office RI³*OREDO-RXUQDORI+XPDQ6RFLDO 6FLHQFHV´%\*OREDO-RXUQDOV,QF Global Journals ® Headquarters $OODUWLFOHVDUHRSHQDFFHVVDUWLFOHVGLVWULEXWHG XQGHU³*OREDO-RXUQDORI+XPDQ6RFLDO 945th Concord Streets, 6FLHQFHV´ Framingham Massachusetts Pin: 01701, 5HDGLQJ/LFHQVHZKLFKSHUPLWVUHVWULFWHGXVH United States of America (QWLUHFRQWHQWVDUHFRS\ULJKWE\RI³*OREDO -RXUQDORI+XPDQ6RFLDO6FLHQFHV´XQOHVV USA Toll Free: +001-888-839-7392 RWKHUZLVHQRWHGRQVSHFLILFDUWLFOHV USA Toll Free Fax: +001-888-839-7392 1RSDUWRIWKLVSXEOLFDWLRQPD\EHUHSURGXFHG Offset Typesetting RUWUDQVPLWWHGLQDQ\IRUPRUE\DQ\PHDQV HOHFWURQLFRUPHFKDQLFDOLQFOXGLQJ SKRWRFRS\UHFRUGLQJRUDQ\LQIRUPDWLRQ Globa l Journals Incorporated VWRUDJHDQGUHWULHYDOV\VWHPZLWKRXWZULWWHQ 2nd, Lansdowne, Lansdowne Rd., Croydon-Surrey, SHUPLVVLRQ Pin: CR9 2ER, United Kingdom 7KHRSLQLRQVDQGVWDWHPHQWVPDGHLQWKLV
    [Show full text]