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Home , Anopla, Nemertea

11/5/2012

Nemertea Origin: Greek sea-nymph Nemertes, daughter of Nereus & Doris Nereis of “wise” “unerring" counsel, wisest of 50 sisters

Old names: Nemertinea Nemertini Nemertinia Rhynchocoela Common names: ribbon

worms

Background

# Species described: ~1500

Lengths: Steve Trewhella annulatus < 1 mm to 54 meters

longest

Colors: Basiodiscus mexicanus yellow, orange, red & green coloration

UNA.edu

ODFW

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Nemertea

Origin: Greek sea-nymph Nemertes, daughter of Nereus & Doris Nereis of “wise” “unerring" counsel, wisest of 50 sisters

Old names: Nemertinea

NemertiniNemertea

Nemertinia Rhynchocoela

Nemertea

Background Nemertean Feature I. Proboscis hollow organ everting from rhyncochoel to capture prey

proboscis

capturing prey

Ronald L. Shimek

Ronald L. Shimek

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NemerteanBackground Feature II. Stylets

barb at end of proboscis to pierce/puncture prey

50 µm 50

µm

0 0 5

10 µm Stricker & Cloney 1982

Background III. Venom William Kem early 1970s

isolated

anabaseine Paranemertes peregrina

Nicotinoid alkaloid similar to compounds from tobacco Suntory Whisky similar to venom from 2 ant species (Aphaenogaster spp.) stimulate neuromuscular nicotinic receptors cholinergenic transmission synthetic analog DMXBA (GTS-21) memory enhancing effects

treating Alzheimer's disease

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Nemertean Feature

Similarities to Platyhelminthes IV. Protonephridia

Differences to Platyhelminthes V. Advanced VI. Complete Gut VII. Rhynochocoelom & Vessels Coelomic

Background

Taxonomy

anoplan : = unarmed (no stylets) : Paleonemertea ~100 spp. Order: ~400 spp.

Class: = armed (stylets) enoplan

Order: Bdellonemertea ~ 7 spp.

Order: ~650 spp.

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Ecological Importance

marine Ecology:--intertidal-rocks, sand, mudflats --benthic- Antarctica --pelagic

fresh water Norbert Wu freshwater 22 spp. Parborlasia corrugatus

semi-terrestrial UNA.edu

Pantinonemertes sp

terrestrial Ng & Sivasothi

Geonemertes sp

J. Bohne

Ecological Importance

: worms, small &

: feeding on dead organisms

commensals: in bivalves/

Malacobdella sp

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Ecological Importance

ectosymbionts: decapod crustaceans

caviar

1 mm Ovicides sp. (): Pacific hydrothermal vent crab Austinograea alayseae Shields & Segonzac 2007

Ecological Importance

Host rafting crab, Plagusia immaculata Lamarck 1818

Bay of Panama

Torchin 2007 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute

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From Callinectes arcuatus (Golfo de Nicoya) From Callinectes arcuatus (Golfo de Nicoya)

Costa Rica Carcinonemertes

Sheath

Eye spots

egg string

Costa Rica Carcinonemertes Stylet

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Ecological Importance Host Crabs & Decapods Paralithodes camtschatica (red king crab) C. regicides Chionoectes bairdi (tanner crab) C. regicides Hemigrapsus oregonensis C. epialti Portunus pelagicus C. mitsukurii C. carcinophilia Carcinus maenas C. carcinophilia Loxorynchus grandis Carcinonemertes sp. undescribed Ovalipes trimaculatus Carcinonemertes sp. undescribed Randallia ornatus Carcinonemertes sp. undescribed Chlorodiella nigra & C. xishaensis Ovicides julieace Libinia spinosa C. divae Callinectes danae & C. ornatus C. carcinophila imminuta Hepatus pudibundus C. caissarum Menippe nodifrons C. sebastianensis Austinograea alayseae Ovicides sp.

Homarus americanus (American lobster) Pseudocarcinonemertes homari Panilurus cygnus (Australian spiny lobster) C. australiensis Panilurus interruptus (California spiny lobster) C. wickhamni

Ecological Importance

Host Crabs from Panama

Pacific* Bocas del Toro**

Euphylax Cataleptodius floridanus Iliacantha Macrocoeloma trispinosum Paraxanthus Mithraculus cinctimanus Portunus Mithraculus forceps Randallia Mithrax caribbaeus Mithrax spinosissimus Panopeus lacustris Pilumnus pannosus

*Norenburg 2007 Smithsonian Institution **Santos 2004 Smithsonian Institution

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