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Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 1991 [FR18]

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Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 1991 [FR18] Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 1991 Central Bureau of Statistics National Family Planning Coordinating Board ® Ministry of Health ®DHS Demographic and Health Surveys Macro International Inc. Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 1991 Central Bureau of Statistics Jakarta, Indonesia National Family Planning Coordinating Board Jakarta, Indonesia Ministry of Health Jakarta, Indonesia Macro International Inc. Columbia, Maryland USA October 1992 This report summarizes the findings of the 1991 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) conducted by the Indonesia Central Bureau of Statistics, the National Family Planning Coordinating Board and the Ministry of Health. Macro International provided funding and technical assistance. Additional funding for the survey was provided by USAID/Jakarta, UNFPA, and the Government of Indonesia. The IDHS is part of the worldwide Demographic and Health Surveys program, which is designed to collect data on fertility, family planning, and maternal and child health. Additional information on the Indonesia survey may be obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics, Jl. Dr. Sutomo 8, Jakarta 10710, Indonesia (Telephone 372808, 374908, 3810291-5), or the National Family Planning Coordinating Board, Jl. Let. Jen. M.T. Haryono,Jakarta 10002, Indonesia (Telephone 8009029), or the Ministry of Health, Institute for Health Research and Development, Jl. Percetakan Negara 29, P.O. Box 1226, Jakarta 10440, Indonesia (Telephone 414146, Ext. 31). Additional information about the DHS program may be obtained by writing to: DHS, Macro International Inc., 8850 Stanford Boulevard, Suite 4000, Columbia, Maryland 21045, U.S.A. (Telephone 410-290-2800; Telex 198116; Fax 410-290- 2999). CONTENTS Page Tables ............................................................................ vii Figures ........................................................................... xiii Preface ........................................................................... xv Preface .......................................................................... xvii Preface ........................................................................... xix Summary of Findings ................................................................ xxi Map of Indonesia .................................................................. xxiv CHAPTER1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Geography, History and Economy ................................................ 1 1.2 Population ................................................................... 2 1.3 Population and Family Planning Policies and Programs ............................... 4 1.4 Health Priorities and Programs ................................................... 5 1.5 Objectives of the Survey ........................................................ 6 1.6 Organization of the Survey ...................................................... 6 CHAPTER 2. BACKGROUND CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND RESPONDENTS 2.1 Population by Age and Sex ...................................................... 9 2.2 Population by Age from Selected Sources ......................................... 11 2.3 Household Composition ....................................................... 12 2.4 Educational Level of Household Population ....................................... 12 2.5 School Enrollment ........................................................... 17 2.6 Housing Characteristics ....................................................... 17 2.7 Presence of Durable Goods in the Household ...................................... 18 2.8 Background Characteristics of Respondents ....................................... 19 2.9 Respondent's Level of Education ................................................ 20 2. I0 Exposure to Mass Media ....................................................... 24 CHAPTER 3. FERTILITY 3.1 Fertility Levels and Trends ..................................................... 27 3.2 Fertility Differentials ......................................................... 31 3.2 Children Ever Bom and Living .................................................. 32 3.4 Birth Intervals ............................................................... 33 3.5 Age at First Birth ............................................................ 35 3.6 Teenage Fertility ............................................................. 36 iil Page CHAPTER 4. KNOWLEDGE AND EVER USE OF FAMILY PLANNING 4.1 Knowledge of Family Planning Methods and Sources ................................ 39 4.2 Knowledge of Blue Circle ..................................................... 43 4.3 Dissemination of Family Planning Information ..................................... 46 4.3.1 Knowledge of the Best Methods for Delaying and Limiting Births ............... 46 4.3.2 Provision of Information by Family Planning Field Workers ................... 47 4.3.3 Appropriate Sources of Family Planning Information ......................... 50 4.4 Ever Use of Family Planning Methods ............................................ 52 CHAPTER 5. CURRENT USE OF FAMILY PLANNING 5.1 Current Use of Family Planning ................................................. 53 5.2 Trends in Contraceptive Use .................................................... 57 5.3 Contraceptive Use Among Women Over 30 and Among Those With Three or More Children 59 5.4 Reasons for Choice of Contraceptive Method ...................................... 60 5.5 Quality of Use of PiU, Injection, and Condom ...................................... 60 5.6 Problems With Current Method ................................................. 63 5.7 Cost and Accessibility of Methods ............................................... 64 5.8 Source of Methods ........................................................... 69 CHAPTER 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCES 6.1 Desire for Additional Children .................................................. 71 6.2 Ideal Number of Children ...................................................... 75 6.3 Unmet Need ................................................................ 78 6.4 Unplanned and Unwanted Fertility ............................................... 81 CHAPTER 7. NONUSE AND INTENTION TO USE FAMILY PLANNING 7.1 Discontinuation Rates ......................................................... 83 7.2 Reasons for Discontinuation of Contraceptive Use .................................. 84 7.3 Intention to Use Contraception in the Future ....................................... 86 7.4 Reasons for Nonuse .......................................................... 87 7.5 Preferred Method ............................................................ 87 CHAPTER 8. OTHER PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS OF FERTILITY 8.1 Current Marital Status ......................................................... 89 8.2 Marital Exposure ............................................................. 90 8.3 Age at First Marriage ......................................................... 91 8.4 Age at First Sexual Intercourse .................................................. 93 8.5 Recent Sexual Activity ........................................................ 94 8.6 Postpartum Amenorrhea, Abstinence and Insusceptibility ............................. 96 8.7 Termination of Exposure ...................................................... 98 iv Page CHAPTER 9. INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY 9.1 Background ................................................................. 99 9.2 Assessment of Data Quality .................................................... 99 9.3 Levels and Trends in Infant and Child Mortality ................................... 100 9.4 Mortality Differentials ....................................................... 104 9.5 High-Risk Fertility Behavior .................................................. 106 CHAPTER 10. MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH 10.1 Antenatal Care ............................................................. 109 10.1.1 Tetanus Immunization of Pregnant Women ............................... 113 10.2 Delivery Assistance ......................................................... 116 10.3 Immunization of Children ..................................................... 121 10.4 Acute Respiratory Infection ................................................... 126 10.5 Fever ..................................................................... 129 10.6 Diarrheal Disease ........................................................... 131 10.6.1 Prevalence of Diarrhea ............................................... 132 10.6.2 Incidence of Diarrhea ................................................ 135 10.6.3 Treatment with Oral Rehydration Therapy ................................ 135 10.6.4 Medical Treatment .................................................. 138 CHAPTER 11. INFANT FEEDING 11.1 Prevalence of Breastfeeding and Supplementation .................................. 141 11.2 Duration of Breastfeeding ..................................................... 144 REFERENCES ................................................................... 147 APPENDIX A: SURVEY DESIGN A.1 Sample Design and Implementation ............................................. 151 A.2 Pretest .................................................................. 154 A.3 Field Staff Training .......................................................... 154 A.4 Fieldwork ................................................................. 154 A.5 Data Processing ............................................................. 155 APPENDIX B: ESTIMATES OF
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