Chapter 9 The Making of the National Movement 1870s-1947 Very Short Answer Questions 1 Mark 1. Fill in the blanks- (i) ______authored the book Poverty and Un-British Rule. (ii) ______used to edit the Marathi newpaper. (iii) In August____ , the quite India movement started. (iv) The ______leaders did not believe in extreme actions.

Answer- (i) Dadabhai Naoroji (ii) Balgangadhar tilak (iii) 1942 (iv) Moderate

2. State true and false. (i) The Simon commission had two Indian representatives. (ii) Subhash Chandra Bose was not a moderate leader. (iii) After the partition of Bengal the swadesi movement started. (iv) The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place in Amritsar.

Answer- (i) False (ii) True (iii) True (iv) True

3. Match the following- i. Rowalatt act 1906 ii. Simon Commission 1930 iii. Civil disobedience 1927 movement iv. All India Muslim League 1919

Answer- (i) 1919 (ii) 1927 (iii) 1930 (iv) 1906

4. Choose the correct option (i) ______was the free India‟s first governor general.

(a) Motilal Nehru (b) Lala Lajpat Rai (c)C. Rajagopalchari (d) Sardar Ballabbhai Patel

(ii) ______became the first women president of Indian National Congress. (a) Sarojini Naidu (b) Kamla Nehru (c) Kasturba Gandhi (d) None of the above Answer- (i) C. Rajgopalachari (ii) Sarojini Naidu

5. Define the Following (i) Sovereign (ii) Sarvajanik Answer- (i) Sovereignty is the capacity to act independently without any outer interference.

(ii) Sarvajanik is a Hindi word which means “of or for the people”.

Short Answer Questions 2 Marks 6. What was the demand of Muslim League in 1940? Answer- The Muslim League resolution of 1940 demanded the formation of independent states for the Muslim people in the north-western and eastern parts of the country.

7. What was the misconception in the mind of the leaders of the Congress during British India? Answer- The leaders of the Congress thought that the British had respect for justice and freedom, and hence they would accept the demands that the Indians put forth.

8. Who were called as “Lal-Bal-Pal”? Answer- Lala Lajpat Rai, Balagangadhar Tilak and Bepin Chandra Pal were called as “Lal-Bal-Pal” for their upsurge against the British.

9. When did the Non-Cooperation movement strengthened? Answer- The Non-Cooperation Movement gained strength in different parts of India between 1921 and 1922. Many Indians gave up their studies and professions to take part in the freedom struggle.

10. Who was A.O.Hume? what was his role in the history of India? Answer- A.O.Hume was a British official who brought together Indians of different regions.

Short Answer Question 3 Marks 11. When did the British start to accept the demand of the Indians? Answer- The Congress emerged victorious in seven out of the eleven provinces in the 1937 elections. This saw the wake of the „Quit India‟ movement, which resulted in the British slowly accepting the demand for freedom by the Indians.

12. Discuss the demands of the Congress when it was newly formed. Answer- The demands of the Congress were as following- 1- The Congress demanded a greater place in the administration and government. 2- The congress demanded that the judiciary must get separated from the executive. 3- They demanded cut in the military funding and demanded more fund for irrigation. 4- The Congress demanded that the revenue should be reduced.

13. Why did the British divide Bengal? Answer- Before the bifurcation of Bengal, the Bengal was a very big state. Bihar and some parts of Orissa were part of it. The British divided Bengal for the purpose of better administration. In a wide view, the bifurcation of Bengal was jut to benefit the businessmen and administration. One more important reason to split Bengal was that the British wanted to divide the politicians and its people.

14. What was the demand of Muslim League?

Answer- The Muslim League resolution of 1940 demanded the formation of independent states for the Muslim people in the north-western and eastern parts of the country. They feared suppression by the Hindus. This created a social divide between the Hindus and the Muslims.

15. What was the idea of the Indian National Congress? Answer- The Indian National Congress wished to speak for equal rights of all the people of India without any discrimination on the basis of class, caste, creed, colour, gender or language. They believed that India and its resources did not belong to any one class or community, but was common to all the communities of India.

Long Answer Questions 5 Marks 16. What was the impact of the First World War on Indians? Answer- The First World War had a deep impact on the economic and political situation in India. This period witnessed a huge rise due to the increased defense expenditure of the Government of India which in turn increased taxes on individuals and

businesses. This put the common man into a lot of hardship by the increasing commodity prices. Industrial goods saw an increasing demand as a result of the war which caused a further decline in European goods being imported to India. This resulted in Indian industrialists being able to increase their production.

17. How can you say that the leaders of the Congress were moderates? Express your views. Answer- Following the formation of Congress and the following twenty years, Congress was moderate in its methods and policies. Leaders such as Dadabhai Naoroji, W.C.Bonnerji, Romesh Chandra Dutt and S. Subramania Iyer were moderate leaders. They chose non-violence in their struggle against the British. These leaders wanted to develop awareness among the public about the unfair nature of the British rule in India. They did this by way of publishing newspapers, writing articles, and demonstrated how the British rule was causing a decline in the Indian economy. They thought that the British had respect for justice and freedom, and hence they would accept the demands that the Indians put forth. So they felt the need to express these demands, and thus make the government conscious of the Indian mentality.

18. How the moderates and radicals had different thoughts for the British? Explain. Answer- The politics of the Radicals within the Congress was different from that of the Moderates in several ways. The Radicals criticized the Moderates for being too good to the British by following the way of non-violence. They insisted that they fight for independence by radical methods. The Radical movement was prominent in states such as Maharashtra, Bengal and Punjab. Leaders like Lala Lajpat Rai, Balagangadhar Tilak and Bepin Chandra Pal were called “Lal Bal Pal” for their upsurge against the British before Gandhi entered politics. They firmly believed that the people must be dependent on their own strength and not on the good intentions of the British.

19. Discuss the role of Mahatma Gandhi in the eyes of people during the freedom struggle. Answer- Mahatma Gandhi was seen as a savior who had the potential to free India from the hands of the British and would be instrumental in helping the people overcome their poverty and misery. The peasants also believed that Gandhiji would assist them in their protest against the zamindars. The peasants of Pratapgarh were greatly inspired towards Gandhiji as they believed that it was he who had stopped the illegal deportation

of tenants. Thus Gandhiji was seen as a powerful icon in their struggle for independence.

20. Why were the people dissatisfied with the British rule? Answer- There were several reasons for people‟s dissatisfaction with British rule in the 1870s and 1880s, some of which are as follows: 1- The Arms Act that was passed in 1878 did not allow the Indians to possess arms. 2- The Vernacular Press Act that was passed in 1878 empowered the government to seize the assets of any newspaper including their printing presses provided they published anything “objectionable”. The government tried to introduce the Ilbert Bill in 1883 which made allowed for the trial of British or European persons by Indians. However, the whites opposed the Bill and insisted that the government withdraw this Bill.