grade 1 Core Knowledge Language Arts® • Listening & Learning™ Strand Early American Civilizations American Early Tell It Again!™ Read-Aloud Anthology Read-Aloud Again!™ It Tell Early American Civilizations Tell It Again!™ Read-Aloud Anthology Listening & Learning™ Strand GrAdE 1 Core Knowledge Language Arts® Creative Commons Licensing This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. You are free: to Share — to copy, distribute and transmit the work to Remix — to adapt the work Under the following conditions: Attribution — You must attribute the work in the following manner: This work is based on an original work of the Core Knowledge® Foundation made available through licensing under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. This does not in any way imply that the Core Knowledge Foundation endorses this work. Noncommercial — You may not use this work for commercial purposes. Share Alike — If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one. With the understanding that: For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. The best way to do this is with a link to this web page: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Copyright © 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation www.coreknowledge.org All Rights Reserved. Core Knowledge Language Arts, Listening & Learning, and Tell It Again are trademarks of the Core Knowledge Foundation. Trademarks and trade names are shown in this book strictly for illustrative and educational purposes and are the property of their respective owners. References herein should not be regarded as affecting the validity of said trademarks and trade names. Table of Contents Early American Civilizations Tell It Again!™ Read-Aloud Anthology Alignment Chart for Early American Civilizations. .v Introduction to Early American Civilizations . .1 Lesson 1: The Maya: A Harvest and a Hurricane. .9 Lesson 2: The Maya: Journey to Baakal. 21 Lesson 3: The Maya: King Pakal’s Tomb. 31 Lesson 4: The Maya: The Festival of the First Star. 41 Pausing Point . 53 Lesson 5: The Aztec: The Legend of the Eagle and the Serpent. 57 Lesson 6: The Aztec: The Floating Gardens of Xochimilco . 67 Lesson 7: The Aztec: In the Palace of an Emperor. 79 Lesson 8: The Aztec: Cortés’s Letter. 91 Lesson 9: The Inca: Who Were the Inca? . 101 Lesson 10: The Inca: The Runner. 113 Lesson 11: The Inca: Machu Picchu—A Lucky Discovery . 123 Domain Review . 136 Domain Assessment. 139 Culminating Activities . 142 Appendix . 145 Alignment Chart for Early American Civilizations The following chart contains core content objectives addressed in this domain. It also demonstrates alignment between the Common Core State Standards and corresponding Core Knowledge Language Arts (CKLA) goals. Alignment Chart for Lesson Early American Civilizations 1234567891011 Core Content Objectives Explain that a shift occurred from hunting and gathering to farming among early peoples; compare and contrast hunter-gatherer societies and Mayan society Explain the importance of extended family to the Maya Identify the areas in which the Maya/Aztec/Inca lived Explain that the Maya/Aztec/Inca farmed Explain that the Maya/Aztec/Inca developed large cities or population centers, or empires, many, many years ago Explain that the Maya/Aztec/Inca had leaders (kings or emperors); identify by name the emperor of the Aztec, Moctezuma Explain that the Maya/Aztec/Inca each had a religion Describe the significance of the stars and planets to the Maya Explain the significance of the Mayan calendar Identify the Aztec capital as Tenochtitlan; identify that Machu Picchu is an Incan city Explain that much of what we know about the Inca is because of the work of archaeologists Early American Civilizations | Alignment Chart v © 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation Alignment Chart for Lesson Early American Civilizations 1234567891011 Reading Standards for Informational Text: Grade 1 Key Ideas and Details STD RI.1.1 Ask and answer questions about key details in a text. Ask and answer questions (e.g., who, what, where, when), orally or in writing, requiring literal recall and understanding of the details and/or facts of a nonfiction/informational read- aloud CKLA Answer questions that require Goal(s) making interpretations, judgments, or giving opinions about what is heard in a nonfiction/informational read- aloud, including answering why questions that require recognizing cause/effect relationships STD RI.1.2 Identify the main topic and retell key details of a text. Identify the main topic and CKLA retell key details of a nonfiction/ Goal(s) informational read-aloud STD RI.1.3 Describe the connection between two individuals, events, ideas, or pieces of information in a text. Describe the connection between two individuals, CKLA events, ideas, or pieces of Goal(s) information in a nonfiction/ informational read-aloud Craft and Structure STD RI.1.4 Ask and answer questions to help determine or clarify the meaning of words and phrases in a text. Ask and answer questions about unknown words CKLA and phrases in nonfiction/ Goal(s) informational read-alouds and discussions vi Early American Civilizations | Alignment Chart © 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation Alignment Chart for Lesson Early American Civilizations 1234567891011 Distinguish between information provided by pictures or other illustrations and information provided by the STD RI.1.6 words in a text. Distinguish between information provided by pictures or other CKLA illustrations and information Goal(s) provided by the words in a nonfiction/informational read- aloud Integration of Knowledge and Ideas STD RI.1.7 Use the illustrations and details in a text to describe its key ideas. Use illustrations and details in CKLA a nonfiction/informational read- Goal(s) aloud to describe its key ideas Identify basic similarities in and differences between two texts on the same topic (e.g., in illustrations, STD RI.1.9 descriptions, or procedures). Compare and contrast (orally or in writing) similarities and differences CKLA within a single nonfiction/ Goal(s) informational read-aloud or between two or more nonfiction/ informational read-alouds Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity STD RI.1.10 With prompting and support, read informational texts appropriately complex for Grade 1. Listen to and demonstrate understanding of nonfiction/ CKLA informational read-alouds of Goal(s) appropriate complexity for Grades 1–3 Writing Standards: Grade 1 Text Types and Purposes Write informative/explanatory texts in which they name a topic, supply some facts about the topic, and provide STD W.1.2 some sense of closure. Plan and/or draft and edit an informative/explanatory text that presents information from a CKLA nonfiction/informational read- Goal(s) aloud that includes mention of a topic, some facts about the topic, and some sense of closure Early American Civilizations | Alignment Chart vii © 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation Alignment Chart for Lesson Early American Civilizations 1234567891011 Production and Distribution of Writing With guidance and support from adults, focus on a topic, respond to questions and suggestions from peers, STD W.1.5 and add details to strengthen writing as needed. With guidance and support from adults, focus on a topic, CKLA respond to questions and Goal(s) suggestions from peers, and add details to strengthen writing as needed Research to Build and Present Knowledge With guidance and support from adults, recall information from experiences or gather information from STD W.1.8 provided sources to answer a question. Make personal connections (orally or in writing) to events or experiences in a fiction or nonfiction/informational read-aloud, and/or make connections among several read-alouds CKLA Goal(s) With assistance, categorize and organize facts and information within a given domain to answer questions Generate questions and gather information from multiple sources to answer questions Speaking and Listening Standards: Grade 1 Comprehension and Collaboration Participate in collaborative conversations with diverse partners about Grade 1 topics and texts with peers and STD SL.1.1 adults in small and large groups. Follow agreed-upon rules for discussions (e.g., listening to others with care, speaking one at a time about the STD SL.1.1a topics and texts under discussion). Use agreed-upon rules for group discussion, e.g., look at CKLA and listen to the speaker, raise Goal(s) hand to speak, take turns, say “excuse me” or “please,” etc. viii Early American Civilizations | Alignment Chart © 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation Alignment Chart for Lesson Early American Civilizations 1234567891011 STD SL.1.1b Build on others’ talk in conversations by responding to the comments of others through multiple exchanges. Carry on and participate in a conversation over at least six turns, staying on topic, initiating CKLA comments or responding to a Goal(s) partner’s comments, with either an adult or another child of the same age STD SL.1.1c Ask questions to clear up any confusion about the topics and texts under discussion. Ask questions to clarify CKLA information about the topic Goal(s) in a fiction or nonfiction/ informational read-aloud Ask and answer questions about key details in a text read aloud or information presented orally or through STD SL.1.2 other media. Ask and answer questions (e.g., who, what, where, when), orally or in writing, requiring literal CKLA recall and understanding of the Goal(s) details, and/or facts of a fiction or nonfiction/informational read- aloud Ask and answer questions about what a speaker says in order to gather additional information or clarify STD SL.1.3 something that is not understood. Ask questions to clarify CKLA directions, exercises, classroom Goal(s) routines, and/or what a speaker says about a topic Presentation of Knowledge and Ideas STD SL.1.4 Describe people, places, things, and events with relevant details, expressing ideas and feelings clearly.