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Constellation / Apex New Lowercase Romans 120Pt Aphides 110Pt Bellatrix 100Pt Cetrimide 95Pt VILLAGE Decimetric 85Pt Epigraphers 75Pt Fornecimento 70Pt Geodynamcists

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Constellation / Apex New Lowercase Romans 120Pt Aphides 110Pt Bellatrix 100Pt Cetrimide 95Pt VILLAGE Decimetric 85Pt Epigraphers 75Pt Fornecimento 70Pt Geodynamcists Constellation / Apex New Lowercase Romans 120pt aphides 110pt bellatrix 100pt cetrimide 95pt VILLAGE decimetric 85pt epigraphers 75pt fornecimento 70pt geodynamcists WWW.VLLG.COM Constellation / Apex New Lowercase Italics 120pt houting 110pt iotacism 100pt justiciary 95pt VILLAGE kaiserdom 85pt landmarked 75pt maximization 70pt noncandidates WWW.VLLG.COM 2 Constellation / Apex New Uppercase Romans 120pt OUTING 110pt PRIMSIE 100pt QUIRKILY VILLAGE 95pt RIGORISM 85pt SIGHTABLE 75pt TAXONOMIST 70pt UNQUICKENED WWW.VLLG.COM 3 Constellation / Apex New Uppercase Italics 120pt VIENNA 110pt WARBLE 100pt XINGHUA VILLAGE 95pt YEARLING 85pt ZELOTYPIA 75pt ACHONDRITE 70pt BOUSINGKENS WWW.VLLG.COM 4 Constellation / Apex New All weights & styles Ultra & Ultra Italic 30pt AMETHYSTINE BIFURCATIONS contextualized demonstrative enouncement foundational Heavy & Heavy Italic 30pt GRANDFATHER HEPTACHORDS interventionist journalisations kaleidoscopic lexigraphical Bold & Bold Italic 30pt MERIDIONALLY NARRATOLOGY osmometrically polycotyledons quicksilverish rehypnotizing Medium & Medium Italic 30pt SWITCHBOARD THERMODURIC VILLAGE understandably vegetarianisms whimsicalities xylobalsamum Book & Book Italic 30pt YARNWINDLED ZINCOGRAPHY astronavigators bremsstrahlung contraoctaves demimondaines Light & Light Italic 30pt EXTEMPORIZER FELDSPATHOSE gastronomically hereditarianism isochromosome justapositional Thin & Thin Italic 30pt KERATOPHYERS LOGNORMALITY myocardiopathy neogrammarian overspeculates polychromatism WWW.VLLG.COM 5 Constellation / Apex New Sample text settings BOLD & BOLD ITALIC 10pt Mount Everest is Earth’s highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. The international border between Nepal and China runs across its summit point. The curre nt official elevation of 8,848 m, recognised by China and Nepal, was established by a 1955 Indian survey and subsequently confirmed by a Chinese survey in 1975. In 1865, Everest was given its official English n ame by the Royal Geographical Society, as recommended by Andrew Waugh, the British Surveyor General of India, who chose the name of his predecessor in the post, Sir George Everest, despite Everest’s objecti ons. Mount Everest attracts many climbers, some of them highly experienced mountaineers. There are tw o main climbing routes, one approaching the summit from the southeast in Nepal and the other from the north in Tibet. While not posing substantial technical climbing challenges on the standard route, Everest presents dangers such as altitude sickness, weather, and wind, as well as significant hazards from avalan ches and the Khumbu Icefall. MEDIUM & MEDIUM ITALIC 10pt The first recorded efforts to reach Everest’s summit were made by British mountaineers. As Nepal did not allow foreigners to enter the country at the time, the British made several attempts on the north ridge rou te from the Tibetan side. After the first reconnaissance expedition by the British in 1921 reached 7,000 m o n the North Col, the 1922 expedition pushed the north ridge route up to 8,320 m, marking the first time a hu man had climbed above 8,000 m. Seven porters were killed in an avalanche on the descent from the North C ol. The 1924 expedition resulted in one of the greatest mysteries on Everest to this day: George Mallory an d Andrew Irvine made a final summit attempt on 8 June but never returned, sparking debate as to whether or not they were the first to reach the top. They had been spotted high on the mountain that day but disapp peared in the clouds, never to be seen again, until Mallory’s body was found in 1999 at 8,155 m on the north f ace. Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary made the first official ascent of Everest in 1953, using the southe ast ridge route. Norgay had reached 8,595 m the previous year as a member of the 1952 expedition. VILLAGE BOOK & BOOK ITALIC 10pt Mount Everest is known in its Tibetan home as Qomolangma, meaning Holy Mother. The name was first recor ded with a Chinese transcription on the 1721 Kangxi Atlas, and then appeared as Tchoumour Lancma on a 1733 map published in Paris by the French geographer D’Anville based on the former map. It is also popularly roman ised as Chomolungma and as Jo-mo-glang-ma. In Chinese it is known as Shèngmu Fēng, meaning Holy Moth er Peak. Many other local names exist, including Deodungha, meaning Holy Mountain in Darjeeling. In the late 19th century, many European cartographers incorrectly believed that a native name for the mountain was Gau ris hankar, a mountain between Kathmandu and Everest. In 1849, the British survey wanted to preserve local n ames if possible, Waugh argued that he could not find any commonly used local name. Waugh’s search for a loc al name was hampered by Nepal and Tibet’s exclusion of foreigners. Waugh argued that because there were m any local names, it would be difficult to favour one name over all others; He decided that Peak xv should be na med after British surveyor Sir George Everest, his predecessor as Surveyor General of India. LIGHT & LIGHT ITALIC 10pt Sir George Everest himself opposed the name suggested by Waugh and told the Royal Geographical Society in 1857 that Everest could not be written in Hindi nor pronounced by its native people. Waugh’s proposed name p revailed despite the objections, and in 1865, the Royal Geographical Society officially adoptedMount Everest as the name for the highest mountain in the world. The modern pronunciation of Everest is different from Sir G eorge’s pronunciation of his surname: eev-rist. In the early 1960s, the Nepalese government coined the Nepali name Sagarmāthā or Sagar-Matha, meaning goddess of the sky. In 1802, the British began the Great Trigonom etric Survey of India to fix the locations, heights, and names of the world's highest mountains. Starting in south ern India, the survey teams moved northward using giant theodolites, each weighing 500 kg and requiring 12 m en to carry, to measure heights as accurately as possible. They reached the Himalayan foothills by the 1830s, b ut Nepal was unwilling to allow the British to enter the country due to suspicions of political aggression and po ssible annexation. Several subsequent requests by the surveyors to enter Nepal were turned down. WWW.VLLG.COM 6 Constellation / Apex New Sample text settings BOLD & BOLD ITALIC 8.5pt The British were forced to continue their observations peak b. Waugh would later write that the observation from Terai, a region south of Nepal which is parallel to s indicated that peak b was higher than Kangchenjun the Himalayas. Conditions in Terai were difficult beca ga, but given the great distance of the observations, c use of torrential rains and malaria. Three survey offic loser observations were required for verification. The ers died from malaria while two others had to retire b following year, Waugh sent a survey official back to Te ecause of failing health. Nonetheless, in 1847, the Bri rai to make closer observations of peak b, but clouds t tish continued the survey and began detailed observa hwarted his attempts. In 1849, Waugh dispatched Jam tions of the Himalayan peaks from observation statio es Nicolson to the area, who made two observations fr ns up to 240 km distant. Weather restricted work to t om Jirol, 190 km away. Nicolson then took the largest t he last three months of the year. In November 1847, A heodolite and headed east, obtaining over 30 observa ndrew Waugh, the British Surveyor General of India m tions from five different locations, with the closest be ade several observations from the Sawajpore station ing 174 km from the peak. Nicolson retreated to Patna at the east end of the Himalayas. Kangchenjunga was on the Ganges to perform the necessary calculations b then considered the highest peak in the world, and wi ased on his observations. His raw data gave an averag th interest, he noted a peak beyond it, about 230 km a e height of 9,200 m for peak b, but this did not conside way. John Armstrong, one of Waugh’s subordinates, al r light refraction, which distorts heights. However, the so saw the peak from a site farther west and called it number clearly indicated that peak b was higher. MEDIUM & MEDIUM ITALIC 8.5pt Nicolson contracted malaria and was forced to return h rch 1856 he announced his findings in a letter to his de ome without finishing his calculations. Michael Hennes puty in Calcutta. Kangchenjunga was declared to be 8,5 sy, one of Waugh’s assistants, had begun designating p 82 m, while peak xv was given the height of 8,840 m. W eaks based on Roman numerals, with Kangchenjunga n augh concluded that peak xv was “most probably the h amed peak ix. Peak b now became known as peak xv. I ighest in the world”. peak xv was calculated to be exact n 1852, stationed at the survey headquarters in Dehrad ly 29,000 ft high, but was publicly declared to be 29,0 un, Radhanath Sikdar, an Indian mathematician and sur 02 ft in order to avoid the impression that an exact hei veyor from Bengal, was the first to identify Everest as ght of 29,000 ft was nothing more than a rounded esti the world’s highest peak, using trigonometric calculati mate. Waugh is sometimes playfully credited with bein VILLAGE ons based on Nicolson’s measurements. An official ann g “the first person to put two feet on top of Mount Eve ouncement that peak xv was the highest was delayed f rest.” In 1856 Andrew Waugh announced Everest as 8,8 or several years as the calculations were repeatedly ve 40 m high, after several years of calculations based on rified. Waugh began work on Nicolson’s data in 1854, a observations made by the Great Trigonometric Survey.
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