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ability 235,241,317,350,352,357, action-by-situation-outcome expec• -, motive 258 374,375,376,377,378,379,380,381, tancy 415 anatomical correlates of aggression 384,385,386,387,389,390,391,392, action-consequence contingencies 272 395,396,397,399,400 131, 140, 144 androgen 273,274 ability attribution 381,384,385,386, Action-Control Questionnaire 186 anger 269,273,275,280,281,283,284, 387,389 Action-Control Scale 172, 173 287,288,289,292,295,296,298,299, achievement 2,14,199,205,243,309, actional volition phase 185 300,341 310,311,318,333,334,338,373,376, activation theory 90,404 -, motive 281 406 adaption levels 96 anticipatory fractional goal reactions Achievement Anxiety Test (AAT) 193, adrenal in 99 78 198 aesthetics 95 anticipatory goal response 123,135, achievement behavior 151,200,210, affect 43,389,390,393 136,137 220,362,373,376,383,384,400,406, affiliation 14,30,189, 199,243,286, antisocial motive 251 407,414,415 301,303,305,306,307,308,309, 311, anxiety 39,40,47,51,81,189,190,191, -, motivation 34,69,109,148,152, 314,316,318,324,330,333,334,337, 192,193,196,197,209,216,228 172,175,199,201,204,209,214,221, 338,339 apperception 21 225,235,240,241,242,294,310,311, -, motivation 303,310,314 appraisal of threatening situations 96 330,369,373,389,390,413,415,436, -, motive 210,233,301,310,311,312, approach gradient 89 437 313,316,329,330,331, 332,333,334, approach-approach conflict 86 -, motivation theory 391,416 335,336,338,339 approach-avoidance behavior 87 -, motivation research 199,210,214, aggregate motivation 206 approach-avoidance conflict 86 234 aggression 2,14,28,65,189,245,267, aquired drives 82 -, motive 2,4,8,9,12,13,30,32,126, 268,269,270,271,272,273,274,275, arousal 91 147,173,186,189,200,203,205,206, 276,277,278,280,281,282,283,284, -, potential 44,92 209,210,212,213,214,217,224,227, 285,286,287,288,289,291,292,293, ascending reticular activating system 230,232,233,234,290,294,304,305, 295,296,297,298,299,300,301,303, (ARAS) 43,44,45,46,47,91 306,312,329,330,332,334,335,336, 321,341,342,373,406 ascription of responsibility to the self 337,338,339,348,373,384,394,395, -,goal 299 250,251,262 396,397,398,399,414,421,436,437, -, inhibition 293,294 assent to act 11 440 -, motivation 298,299,300 associative equivalent of volitional -, orientation 194 -, motive 210,292,293,294,296,299 strength 164 -, oriented behavior 199 -, research 282 associative tendency 164 -, related activity 419 aggression-inducing cues 286 attention 21,234,362 -, related behavior 405 aggression-inhibiting motive 295 -, hypothesis 194 Achievement Motivation Grid 209, -, tendency 292,293,297 attitude 36, 167 379 aggression-inhibition motivation 298 attribution 253,255,283,284,341,342, Achievement Motivation Scale (AMS) aggression-inhibitory motive 292 344,345,346,347,348,349,350,351, 210,215 -, tendency 297 352,359,360,361,364,366,370,373, actofwill 163,165,166 aggressive intention 283 378,379,380,381,382,383,389,390, action 3,12,163,175 aggressive-inhibitory tendeny 292 393,395,396,397,398,399,400,430 -, control 11,16,24,64,111,163,166, aggressiveness 290,291,293,294 -, asymmetry 368 168,170,171,173,175,429,432,433 aggressivity 51,269,270,274,275,276, -,ofineptitude 429 -, dynamic 422 277,282,283,284,285,287,289,290, -,ofresponsibility 369,370 -, initiation 163, 167, 183, 184 341 -, research 109 -, orientation 172, 173, 432 altruism 189,243,245,254,262,286, -, theory 32,33,34,111,158,256,341, -, oriented 173,174,186,429,433,434, 301,321,373 342,344,345,369,373,382,384,391, 435 -, experiment 246 397,398,400,402,411,412,413,424, -, outcome 129 -, paradox 245 426 -, outcome expectancy 176,177,179, altruistic 244,246,247,251,256 attributional style 428,429,430,431, 182,414,415,417,418 -, act 252,257 433 -, path 120,142, 144 -, behavior 243,244,245,247,249, Attributional Style Questionnaire -,slip 184 256,258,260,261,277,278,286 (ASQ) 429 -, tendency 32,166,167,170 -, intentions 256 augmentation principle 359 -, valence 414 -, motivation 243,258,259,260,270 autogenetic theory 21 488 Subject Index

autonomic arousal 100 -, stimulus properties 92 depression 430,431 -, nervous system 100 -, variables 44 Desirability of Control Scale 347 autoshaping 141 Columbia Obstruction Box 74, 130, desire for the goal 142 autotelic 404 137 determination 163, 164 avoidance gradient 88, 90 combination paradigm 164 determining tendency 19,22,23,24, -, learning 83,84,141,424,425 common-sense psychology 342 29,116,164,165,166 avoidance-avoidence conflict 86 competence 234,317,318,322,324, developmental stages of power 328 325 differential psychology 34 basic trust 302 competing action tendency 169 difficulty attribution 381 Beck Depression Inventory 174 -, intentions 11 -, law 165 behavior consistency 6 conditioned inhibition 41 -, law of motivation 150,185,231,238 -, setting 5 -, reflex 41, 42 -, level 376 behavior-primacy 403 conflict model 89 -, principle 12 behavioral intention 165, 184, 185, -, theory 86 -, principle of motivation 16,24 188 conformity 309 diffusion of responsibility 248, 249 -, norms 262 consensus 7,8,11,354,355,356,357, dimensions of distinctiveness 407 -, space 133, 134 359,362,364,366,375,391,407 directive trait 34 -, tendency lies 87,116 consensus information 375,376,426 disappointment 40, 63 behaviorism 42,129, 144 consistency 6,7,8,9,15,354,355,356, discounting principle 283, 358, 359, belief 132 357,359,362,366,367,375,407 376,407 belief-value matrix 144 -, in behavior 6 discrepancy theories of motivation 95 belief-value system 133, 134 -, information 375 displacement 89 Boomerang effect 108 -, paradox 6,7,8,15,35,50 displacement value 10 bottom-line tendency 184 -, theory 33 disposition 2 bribery effect 106 consistent 15 dissonance 405 bystander effect 248, 249 consummatory force 10,166 -, reduction 345,346,364 bystanders 246,249,254 contingency 129,374 -, research 349 control -, theory 405 carthasis hypothesis 295,296,297,299 -, dimension 380 distinctiveness 2,7,8,15,355,356, causal -, motivation 348,427 357,359,362,366,367,376,407 -, analysis 360 -, motive 348 divergence effect 105 -, attribution 13, 14, 33, 34, 142, 252, -, of effort 186 diverse exploration 94 253,254,255,346,347,348,349,350, -, strategies 170,171,172 dominance 200,271,273,321,325 356,359,360,361,362,364,365,370, controlling reactions 169 dopamine 199,274,275,312 373,399,428 convergence-effect 105 double-approach-avoidance conflict 86 -, schema(ta) 350,358,359,376 coping 102 drive 18,20,28,37,38,39,55,57,96, cell assembly lies 43 correspondent inference 351,352,353, 113,114,132, 138,403,404 central volitional needs 168 358,359 -, impulse 28 central-motive states 73 -, inference model 354 -, reduction 139,404 challenged beliefs 110 -, inference theory 350 -, strength 129,190 challenged convictions of social cost-benefit model 248 -, theory 115,138,190,192,279,280 groups 104, 107 -, ratio 247 drive-induction 138 choice motivation 163,170 cost-times-reward 247 -, reduction 39,129,138 classes of reactions 51 covariance information 376 -, -reduction theory 36,72,79,138 classical conditioning 19,41,72,76, -, model 253,284,350,351,354,356, -, states 137 84,97,113,134,138,139,141,257 366 -, strength 191 classical fear conditioning 422 critical incidence technique 390 -, theory 137 classification of motives 9, 54 curiosity 80 driving trait 34 classifying motives 49 current concerns 169,428 dynamic action model 419,421 cognition 1,20,33,421,422 cybernetic feedback models 12 dynamic action theory 3,10,14,16, cognitive 21,33 32,166,167,183 -, appraisal 96,101,111 DAPvs. PAP 378 dynamic aspect 165 -, balance 33,102,103 decision making 167,175 -, calculus 53 -, balance theory 96, 103 -, theories 31 -, model 421 -, deficit 431,432 -, theory 145 Dynamics of Action 226,419 -, dissonance 103, 104, 106, 108, 110, decremental reinforcement 40 111,112,180,345,346 defensive aggression 275 economic man 145 -, dissonance theory 33,96 deficiency needs 36, 59 effect of regret 105 -, evaluation theory 405,409 definition of the power motive 324, effectance motivation 404 -, interference 196,197,198 330 effectance motive 317,318 -, maps 129 degenerated intention 187 efficiency 231, 232, 233, 234, 235 -, models of motivation 422 delay of gratification 169,170 effort 237,352,357,358,360,365,366, -, psychology 34 -,ofreward 169 374,375,376,377,378,379,380,384, Cognitive Interference Questionnaire demand character (valences) 29 385,386,387,389,390,392,393,396, (CIQ) 196 -, characteristics 2, 4, 13 397,400,441 collative 92 -,for the goal 113,114, 123,132,144 -, attribution 384, 385, 387, 389 -, properties 92 -, for the goal object 38 -, calculation 169 Subject Index 489

-, calculation model 185 expectancy-times-value model 124, fractional anticipatory goal responses -, control 234 134, 142, 144 38,39,134,135,136,137,138,144 -, expenditure 228,229,230,231,234, expectancy-times-value theory 123 fractional goal responses 41 237,238,239,241 expectancy-value 414 fragmentary goal-responses 135, 138, ego orientation 241 -, formulation 144 144 ego proximity 116 -, matrix 132 French Test of Insight (FTI) 209 ego-related aspect 164,165 -, model 285 frustration 82,268,280,288,289,295, -, element 11 -,models 411 296,297,298,299,300 -, moment 170 -, theories 114,144,156, 157,161,353 frustration-aggression hypothesis 295 ego-strength 126 expectation 86,113,114,119,120,127, frustration-aggression theory 278, egoistic motivation 259 130,134,140,141,142,330 280 egotism 429 expected utility 145 functional autonomy 35,82,403 emotion 20,43,61,62,63,64,245,259, -, valence 353 functional deficit 432, 433, 434 389,390,400 -, value 145 fundamental attribution error 346, -, control 170 exploratory behavior 44, 80 359,363,364,368,370 -, phase 65 -, drive 403 fundamental ideomotoric law 11 emotional deficit 430 expressive aggression 268 future success 385 empathetic distress 258 external evaluation 416 empathic arousal 258 -, evaluator 416 Galvanic skin response 91 -, distress 258,259,260 extraversion 45 gene selection 244 -, emotion 256,258,259,260 extraversion-intraversion 51 general activity 73,74 -, harmony 257 extrinsic motivation 403,409 -, activity level 73,81 -, reinforcement 257 -, valences 159,160 -, arousal level 91 empathy 245,247,256,257,258,259, extrinsically motivated 407 generalized drive 96 278 eyelid response 190, 191 genuine needs 12 encoding control 170 genuine needs 167 environment model 116,119,120,121 factor analysis 36,51, 53,68 Gestalt psychology 342 -, control 171 factor analytic 45,54 goal 163, 164, 166 environmental model 119,120, 121, factor analytic approach 51 -, idea 12,165 122, 123, 124, 125, 133 failure 191,192,193,194, 195, 197, -, intentions 188 epinephrine 99,199,312,331,332,333 200,203,204,205,206,207,208,209, -, substitution 117 episodic 32 215,216,217,219,220,223,224,225, -, theory 168 episodic approach 14 226,227,232,238,239,240,241,274, goal-directedness 45,57,113 epistemic behavior 44, 100 305,348,358,360,361,363,364,365, -, expectation 132 equifinal 6, 8 366,368,369,373,374,375,376,377, -, orientation 129 equifinality 15,351 378,379,380,381,382,383,384,385, -, -oriented behavior 17,131,134 equity principle 251 386,389,390,393,394,396,398,399, goal-orientedness 114 equity theory 247 400,415,430,443 good gestalt 102 equivalence 6 failure motivation 152 Good Samaritan 243, 246, 248, 257 equivalence classes 6,7,8, 15,49,50, -, motive 150,151,152,204,205,209, gradient of approach 87 67 214,215,217,218,227,232,233,234, gradient of avoidance 87, (88) -, of action goals 9 240 group selection 244,245 -, of motives 8 family members 245 growth needs 36, 59 -,of needs 8 fear 40,41,47,51,61,62,63,64,65,83, -, of situations 10, 15 84,85 habit 18, 37,38,40, 113, 190 equivalent classes of actions and situ- fearoffailure 191,195,196,197,198, -, formation 114,129,136,137,140 ations 35 204,206,209,214,216,217,228,311, -, strength 38,39,76,77,87,88,136, ergs 36,53 313,325 139, 140 error 129, 130 -, of power 323,324,325 hedonic value 93 escape behavior 84 -, of punishment 292 hedonism 245 escape learning 84 -, of rejection 305, 306, 308, 311, 312, help-giver 246 ethologists 96 314 helping 2 ethology 26, 27 -, of social evaluation 304 -, acts 258 evaluation 186 -, of strangers 304 -, behavior 247,249,256,257,258, evolutionary theory 18 -, of success 214,215 261,269 executive motivation 163,170 fear-of-strangers 302 -, motive 261 exertion of effort 233 fiat tendency 185 helplessness 424,425,426,427,428, expanded motivation model 32 field theory 29,96,103,114,115, 429,430,431,432,433,434,435 expectancy 2,3,9, 13,31,38,40,63, 116,118,123,124,126,157,318, helplessness theory 428,429,430,432, 64, 113, 114, 123, 134, 139, 142, 144, 319 433 163,168,176,178,180,181,215,216, field-theoretical perspective 33 heterogenetic theories 20 219,305,312,313,314,330,400,414 flow 406 heterogenetic theories of the will 21 -, of success 231, 330, 380-383,415 -, deprivation 406 hodological 120,132 -, principle 381 -, experience 407 hope 40,63 -,value model 3,31,41,175,247 forced compliance 104,105,110,345, -,for affiliation 305,306,311,313,314 expectancy x value model 305, 330, 364 -, for success 195, 204, 206 331 foreign hull 122 -, of affiliation 306 490 Subject Index

hostile aggression 268,269,276,278, Intellectual Achievement Responsi- life space model 122 287,288,290 bility questionnaire (JAR) 378 locus of control 373, 380 -, intention 283,284 intelligence 115 locus-of-control models 373 -, press 209 intended actions 168 loss of control 427 Hull's drive theory 75,77 intent attribution 252, 253 love 301,302,314 intention 3,4,10,11,12,13,14,15, ideographic 15,34 163,253,283,350,351,352,353,374 manifest anxiety 240 ideomotoric principle 21 -, attribution 253,254,256 Manifest Anxiety Scale (MAS) 81,190 idiographically 50 -, deactivation 183 manipulatory drive 92, 403 idling behavior 26 -,formation 10,11,14,15,16,25,163, measures of motive 9 illusion of control 363,371,431 167,175 Mehrabian Achievement Risk Pref- illusionary correlations 370 intentional control 11 erence Scale (MARPS) 210,217 imitation learning 142,286 interaction between person and situ• metavolitions 176,177,185 immunoglobulin A (IgA) 312,332,333 ation factors 15 mind-set 176,179,181,183 implementation of an intention 11,22, interaction between person and the situ- Minnesota Multiphasic Personality In- 164,165 ation 29 ventory (MMPI) 190,291 incentive 2,9,32,33,38, 113, 114,119, interactionism dabate 6,35,49, 50 model of action phases 163 120,123,128,130,131,132,134, 136, interactionist positions 57 -, of corresponding interferences 139,145,219,236,400,415 interference theory 410 284 -, character 117 internal vs. external control 344,378 -,ofvalence 156 -, disengagement cycle 427 Internal-External Control Scale 344 morality of the purpose 322,324,325, -,effect 114 interpersonal attraction 303 326,328 -, factors 10 interrupted tasks 24 motivation 3,4,9,17,20,21,30,37, -, for success 31 intimacy 189,301,315 43,44,114,131,163,189,231,243 -, motivation 113,114,123,138,142 -, motivation 314,315 -, index 204 -, theory 113,137,140,141 -, motive 301,314,315,316 -, psychology 30 -, theory of motivation 114 intrinsic 404 -, tendency 10,16,170 -, value 9,10,50,86,130,131,134, -, motivation 403,404,405,406,407, motivational control 170 136,178,219,305,312,313,314, 408,409,412 -, dispositions 56 330 -, valences 159,160 -, events 29 inclusive fitness 244, 245, 270, 271 intrinsically motivated 406 -, mind-set 176,177,178,179,180, incompetence hypothesis 197 introspection 4,21,24,42,343 181, 182 incompetence hypothesis of anxiety introspective illusions 343 -, strength 231,232,233,234,235 196 introversion 45 motive 2,4,8,9,14,20,29,30,31,34, incompleted task 29 irritable aggression 274 66,69,189,218,232 incremental reinforcement 40 -, category 2 individual reference norm (IRN) 236, just-world phenomenon 371 -, classification 59,66,67,123 237,238,239,240,241 -, construct 190 inertial tendency 32,226,227,419 Kelley Cube 7,15 -, dispositions 67 information processing 344, 359, 362, Kelley's covariance model 375 -, for success 31 365,370 -, covariance principles 356 -, index 201,202,204,212,213 information-processing model of emo- -, discounting principle 284 -, measurement 201 tions 64 kin selection 244 -, strength 12,211,212,216,227,228, inhibited power motive 331,332,333 kinship selection 270, 302 232,234,236 inhibited power motive syndrome 331 Koh's Block design task 193 -, tendency 3,10 inhibitory forces 10 Kornadt's TAT procedures 295,297, -, to achieve success 31,32 initiation intentions 167 298 -, to avoid failure 32,150 initiation of action 167 -, to succeed 150 innate releaser mechanism 280 latent learning 114,131,136,137,139, instigating force 10 140 n Ach 202,204,205,206,207,209,210, instinct 18,19,25,37,54,55,56,57,72, law of difficulty of motivation 32, 168 212,213,214,221,228,231 75,115 -, of effect 36,37,39,41,42,72,129, n Ach-TAQ 232 -, controversy 55, 71 131,135,139 n Aff 211 -, theories 27,278 -, of readiness 37 n Affiliation 309 instrumental aggression 268,270,276, -, of special determination 167 Nebraska Symposium of Motivation 278,280,288,290,296 leadership motivation pattern 335 17 -, conditioning 19,40,41,42,72,84, learned helplessness 173, 174,364, need 30,36,38,57,58,59,60,61,123, 141,142,257 373,380,423,424,426,428 126, 127, 129, 132, 139 -, learning 139 learning 114,115,129,131 -, achievement 59,199 -, utility 2 learning without reinforcement 131 -, affiliation 59,301,303,305,306, instrumentality 9,155,156,158,160, level of aspiration 9,29,30,31,32, 307,308 161,176,413,415,416,417,418 114,124,146,147,148,152,206,209, -, catalogue 59 instrumentality model 157,411 215,221,223,224,227,231,238,239, -, dominance 59,324 -, theory 30,114,144,154,155,156, 241,287,348,396,398,399,437 -, for achievement 202 157,160,161,344,415 level of difficulty 377 -, for affiliation 307,308 Intellectual Achievement Responsi• life space 29,121,122,123,128,142, -, for nurturance 243 bility (JAR) 361 143 -, hierarchy 59 Subject Index 491

~, influence 325 persistence 73,166,225,226,228,230, ~, reward system 93 ~, nurturance 243 233,236,237,241,393,397,400 priming activation 286 ~,power 325 persistence of action control 166 principle of activation 42 ~, satisfaction 140 persistent 225, 226 probability of success 227,331 ~, specific incentive 123 person attribution 357,366 propensities 26, 55 ~, state 44,113,122,132,133,135, ~, -environment interaction 47,57 prosocial 247 143 ~, -environment relationship 9,67, 119 ~, behavior 245,250,259,260 ~, to affiliate 307 ~, model 116,118,119,121,122, 123, ~, motive 251 ~, -hierarchy 36 124,125,127,133,166 ~, personality variables 262 ~, -state 142 ~, perception 344,346,351 Protestant ethic 199, 210 ~, -system 133 ~, -situation interaction 3, 10, 101 proximal causes 244 negative utility 145 personal agression 268 psycho-dynamic conflicts 27 nepotic altruism 244 ~, causality 350,351 psycho-dynamics 28 nepotism 245 ~, causation 345,351,370,405 psycho-sexual stages 28 nepotistic behaviors 245 ~, causes 352 psychological behaviorism 114 net hope 206,221,232 ~, constructs 304 psychological satiation 92 neurobiological foundations of aggres- ~, distress 259, 260 psychology sion 272 ~, equation 22 ~, of activation 40,43 neurotransmitter 273, 274 ~,model 117 ~, of motivation 32,47 neurovegetative 97 personality dispositions 251,260,261 ~, of the will 12,20,163,175 ~, reactions 98 personality traits 260 ~, of volition 16,163 ~, responses 97 personalized power 322, 330, 335 psychoneuroimmunology 321 nomological network 9 perspective discrepancy 364,367,368, public self-awareness 241 nomothetic 15,50 370,385 purposelessness 404 ~, fallacy 6,35,50,54 phenomenal causality 342, 343, 347 ~, techniques 34 pleasure center 43, 80 quality of performance 234 norepinephrine 199,274,275,312, plurality of ignorance 248 quasi-need 12,23,29, 117, 124, 126, 332,333 positive valence 87 131,167, 168, 184 norm of reciprocity 251 positive valence of success 148 ~, of retaliation 277 postaction phase 13, 16 reactance 252, 427 ~, of retribution 277 postactional 14,16 reactance research 427 ~, of social responsibility 250,254, postactional motivation phase 15, reactance theory 427 262,278 186 reaction potential 39,77 normative ability 241 postdecision conflicts 104, 110 Reactions to test (RlT) 196 norms 249,250,251,257 postintentional 16 reactive agression 268 norms for helping behavior 249 postintentional phases 4 reactive depression 428 postintentional volition 11 reciprocal altruism 245 objective aspect 164, 165 power 2,14,30,189,199,243,286, reciprocity 251,252,262,277,278 objective self-awareness 287 309,317,318,319,321,324,328,330, reciprocity norm 251,256 observer judgements 7 333,334,336,337 reference norm 236,237,238,239,240, oedipus complex 29 ~, behavior 319,321,322,323,325 241,242,413 operant behavior 42 ~, motivation 269,317,319,322,323, reference-norm orientation 239,240, ~, conditioning 19,42,72 324,326,327,328,329,332,334,335, 241 ~, learning 129 339 reflex arc 19 opportunistic planning model 13 ~, motive 312,319,321,322,323,324, reinforcement 37,41,42,76,77,113, opportunitiy structure 5 326,327,328,329,331,332,333,334, 114,131,139 optimal arousal 404 335,336,337,338,339 ~, center 91 ~, incongruence 404 ~, resources 328 ~, qualities 113 outcome valence 414 ~, sources 319,320,321,322,323,324, ~, theory 113,114,129,130,131,136, outcome-consequence expectancy 325,328 139, 140, 143 415,417 power-oriented behavior 269 reinforcer 42 over-justification 405, 408, 409 powerlessness 324 relational idea 164,165 over-motivation 12,13,186,229,232, preactional phases 15 releaser mechanisms 26 233,234 predatory aggression 273 relief 40, 63 Ovsiankina effect 226 preintentional 14, 16 research in achievement motivation preintentional motivation 11 236 paroxysms of terror 92 preintentional state 14 resistance to estinction 153 parsimonious information processing preparatory condition 73 resolute acts of will 164,167 171 preparedness 97 respondent behavior 42 Pavlovian conditioning 84 press 30, 57, 50, 58, 59 response 114,116 penance 277 priciple of arousal 44 response-consequence contingency perceptual curiosity 94 pride 14 113 performance 114, 129, 131 primacy effect 344, 362 response-substitution 72 ~, outcomes 236 primary responsibility attribution 369,371 ~, quality 234,235,236 ~, act of the will 164, 170 responsibility norms 262 perpetual intentions 184 ~, motives 47,67 resultant perseverating tendency 23 ~, needs 58 ~, action tendency 419,421 492 Subject Index

resultant ~, initiated intention 117 standard of excellence 69, 199, 200, ~, motivation 10 ~,monitoring phase 169 203,242 ~, motivation strength 12 ~,observation 5 standard or retribution 287 ~, motivation tendency 10,11,166, ~, perceived ability 226, 239 state control 433 167, 185 ~, perception 111,346,405 state orientation 172, 173, 432, 433 retaliation 267,269,272,283,285,297 ~,punishment 169 state-dependent 433, 435 ~, norm 287 ~, referenced cognitions 196 state-oriented 173,174,187,429,433, ~, principle 285 ~,regulating cycle 169 434,435 retaliatory aggression 284 ~, regulation 169,275,394 state-oriented modes 172 reticular activating system (RAS) 51 ~, regulation cycle 169 state-related aspect 164 retribution 269,277,284 ~, regulation model 169 State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 191 retributory aggression 284 ~, reinforcement 31,169,258,281,394, stimulus 114,116 risk-avoidance 145 395,396 stimulus risk-seeking 145 ~, reinforcing system 366 ~, generalization 89 risk-taking model 3,31,32,114,144, ~, related cognitions 234,429,436 ~, -response associations 115 149,150,151,152,156,157,167,168, ~, responsibility 254 ~, -response connections 113,114,129, 189,209,215,217,218,219,220,222, ~, sacrifice 244 131 223,224,225,226,227,228,230,231, ~, serving 246 ~, -response contiguity 76 232,236,237,239,241,376,384,391, ~,serving attribution 364,365,366 ~, -response models 421 392,393,395,397,400,411,415,416, ~, serving attribution asymmetry 367, ~, -response theory 114 418,419,421,422,423,440 368 ~, -substitution 72 Rubicon model 169,175,183,185,360 ~, serving biases 110 strength of motive 32 ~, serving tendencies 366 stress appraisals 101 S-O-R 73 ~, worth 197,255,432 striving for power 318 scaling device 52 sensory deprivation 92 subjective aspect 164 Schachter's two factor theory of emo- sensory flooding 92 subjective probability of success 32, tions 346 sham feeding 79 148,219,220,221,222,223,232,236, school performance 227 sham drinking 73 238,413,423,441 secondary shame 14 subjectively expected utility 145 ~, intent attribution 253 situation valence 414 substitute actions 127 ~, motives 47,67 situation-consequence contingency substitute activities 127 ~, needs 58 113,114,144 substitute value 127 selection pressure 271,302,303 situation-outcome expectancy 176, substitution value 10 selective attention 170 414,415,417,418 success 191,193,194,195,200,203, self affect 387 situational incentive effect 190 204,206,207,210,215,216,219,220, self situational incentive 123 223,224,225,226,227,232,238,239, ~, actualization 36,59,60,61 slip of the tongue 124 241,274,305,348,358,360,361,363, ~, appraisal 185 social 364,365,366,368,369,373,375,376, ~, attribution 356,365,366,367,368, ~, anxiousness 304 377,378,379,380,381,382,383,385, 370 ~, bonding 301,302,321 386,387,389,390,392,394,395,396, ~, attribution or responsibility 440,441 ~, cognition 112 398,400,430,443 ~, awareness 366 ~, learning theory 144,153,279,280, ~, motivation 152,239 ~, concept 111 296,299,382 ~, motive 150,151,152,204,209,214, ~, concept of ability 205,210,216,220, ~, motivation 267,373 215,217,227,232,233,235,240 242,436,437,441,442,443 ~,motives 199 surface traits 36 ~,consequence 169 ~, power motive 326 surprise 61 ~, control 169 ~, social psychology 342,344 symbolic self-completion 13, 127, 439 ~, criticism 169 ~, reference norm 236,237,238,239, sympathetic distress 258 ~, deception 363 362,413 systematic and experimental introspec• ~, deprecatory cognitions 194 ~, responsibility norm 254 tion 23,164 ~, determination 405,409 ~, responsibility 261,262 systems under tension 166 ~,doubt 196,197,198 ~, -reference norm (SRN) 239,240, ~, efficacy 185,231 241 task difficulty 357,358,375,376,379, ~,enhancement 242,389,439 socialized power 322, 335 380,381,382,390,391,427 ~, enhancing attributions 366 socialized power motive 326 task orientation 194,241 ~, esteem 16,59,110,126,147,191, socially accepted norms 262 taxonomy 67 193,195,197,198,283,364,366,437 socio-biologists 96,247,270 taxonomy of motives 36,49, 54, 59,61, ~, esteem emotions 14 sociobiological 271 67,68,69 ~, estimation 109 sociobiological perspectives 244 tension 117,122,123,125 ~, evaluated consequences 262 source traits 36 ~, equalization 117 ~,evaluation 7, 169, 187, 188, 195, 199, sources of power 318,319,322,325 ~,state 118,125 253,262,287,385,387,394,395,396, specific activity 73 ~, system 117,118,123,125,126 397,398,399,406,411,415,416,418, specific exploration 100 test anxiety 191,192,193,194,196, 422,437 spontaneous aggression 267,268 197,198,205,209,240,304,432 ~, evaluation of ability 241,384 spreading activation 286 Test Anxiety Questionnaire (TAQ) ~, evaluative 188,386,395,415 stability attribution 382 193,204,205,206,210,216,217,218, ~, evaluative cognitions 422 stability dimension 380, 382 221,228,232,443 Subject Index 493

Test Anxiety Scale (TAS) 193,196,197 trait -theoretical explanations 49 volition 4,10,11,17,19,20,21,22,23, testosterone 273,274 trait -theoretical perspective 36 24,29,32,116,163,231 Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) trial 129, 130 volition model 167 30,32,57,58,59,189,195,199,201, two-factor theory of emotion 96,98, volition strength 12 202,204,205,206,207,208,209,210, 99,289,389 volitional 419 214,217,218,219,282,290,291,292, Type A behavior 331 -,act 3,16,18,21,22,23,24 293,294,295,297,298,299,306,307, -, actions 11 308,309,312,314,315,316,323,324, unconditioned prepotence 97 -, activity 164 325,326,328,329,335,336,338,392, unconscious drives 27 -, events 29 397,398,413,421 unconscious processes 27 -, mind-set 176,177,178,179,180, thematic coding system 203 undermining effects 408,409,410,412 182,183 theories of helplessness 427 undifferentiated ability 241 -, phase 15,65 theory of unexpected outcomes 104,108,110 -, psychology 165,166,167,168 -, achievement motivation 146 universal altruism 245 -, strength 23, 185 -, action control 163,170, 173 utility 145, 146,168 -, tendency 23 -, correspondent inferences 353 Vroom's instumentality model -, dynamics of action 209 valence 113,114,117,119,120,122, 156 -, incentive motivation 138 123,124,125,127,128,131,137,138, -, personal constructs 304,344 139, 142, 144 wants 25 -, resultant valence 146,149,150 valence function 215 will 3,19,24, 163 -, resultant value 144, 149 Val ins effect 100, 101 will power 3 third force 59 value 2,3,13,63,64,132,144,163, wishes 175 Thought Occurrence Questionnaire 176,180,181,215,216,330 worry 195,196,197 (TOQ) 196 value dispositions 2,3,8,9,15 Wiirzburg School 19, 163 threat to self-esteem model 256 value factors 10 topology 115,120 value-expectancy 11 Yerkes-Dodson law 12,32,91 trait 2,5,6,7,8,15,35,45,47 value-expectancy models 3 trait theory 4, 26, 49 value-expectancy theories 150 Zeigamikeffect 117,124,125,126, trait-theoretical 436 visual exploration 403 205,226,419,437 Name Index

Abel, Z. 125 Arkin, R. M. 348, 364, 365 Beckmann,J. 105,111,171,175,181, Abelson, R.P. 411 Arnold, M.B. 62,97,101 187 Abrahams, S. 413 Aronfreed, J. 256,257,264 Beit-Hallahmi, B. 213 Abramson, L. Y. 182,374,424,428-432 Aronson, E. 109,111 Belanger, D. 91 Ach, N. 4,11,12,16,17,19,22-25,29, Asberg, M. 51 Bell, P.A 289 32,116,162,164-168,170,175,185, Asch, S. W. 344 Bern, D.J. 6,7,35,50,111,205,346, 231 Asendorpf, J. B. 304,305,313 405,409 Ackerman, P. 260 Ashford, S.J. 411 Benjamin, M. 196 Adam,J. 313 Atkinson,J.W. 2,3,10,12,14,17, Benson, H. 333 Adams J. S. 247,251,285 30-34,39,114,126,144,149-152, Benson,P.L. 246,260,261 Aderman, D. 256, 264, 368 156,157,166,167,173,183,186,199, Beresford, J. M. 65,200,271 Adler, A 280,317,318 201-205,207,210,213,214,218,221, Berkowitz, L. 243,248-250,252, Adler, D. L. 127 223,226,227,231-236,306-310,324, 254-257,259,261,262,264,268, Agassi, R. 407 384-386,389,391,395,415,416, 280-282,286,288,289,295-297,368 Ainsworth, M.D.S. 302 418-422,436,441 Berkun, M. M. 89 Ajzen,I. 155,167 Aveling, F. 24 Berle, AA 317 Albright, D. 159,160 Averill, J. R. 269,288,295 Berlyne, D. E. 44,45,47, 80,92,93,94, Alden, L. 378 95,100,347,404 Alderman, M. K. 345 Bacharach, V.R. 170 Berman, A.J. 142 Alexander, C. 333 Bachmann, M. 389 Bernard, B. K. 26, 273 Alexander, F. 331 Backer, R. 138 Bernoulli, D. 145 Alker, H. A. 208 Backmann, C. W. 304 Bernstein, I. S. 273 A1len,A. 6,7,26,35,50,56,205 Baeyer, C. von 429,430 Berscheid, E. 277,304 Alloy, L. B. 182,430,431,432,434 Bakan, D. 314 Bexton, W. H. 92 Allport, G. W. 6,19,26,30,34-36,50, Baker, C.R. 314 Bickman, L. 249 51,60,68-70,82,201,207,403 Baker, N. 170 Bierbrauer,G. 363,364,370 A1on, S. 409 Baker, R. 80 Bierhoff, H. W. 214 Alper, T.G. 125,126,214,215 Balagura, S. 73 Biermann, U. 389 Alpert, R. 193,204,207 Balloun,J.L. 107 Bigelow, R. 272 Altman, F. 195 Bandura, A 82,142,185,231,267, Biglan, A 157,160 A1trocchi, J. 283 277-283,286,288,292,296,299, Bindra,D. 45,91,114,123,142,143 Alwin, D. F. 214 394 Birch,D.A 3,10,17,32,166,167,183, Amato, R. M. 246,260,261 Banikiotes, P.G. 304 226,260,419-422 Amelang, M. 4 Bar-Tal, D. 374 Birenbaum, G. 13,24 Ames, C. 236,378 Bar-Tal, T. 260 Birney, R.C. 209,440 Ames, R. 236 Baratta, P. 220 Bischof, N. 301,302,303 Amitai, A 407 Barenbaum, N. B. 326 Bitter, E. 287 Amsel, A 82,83,137,428 Bargh, J.A 438 Blankenship, V. 173,205,209,323, Anderson, C.A 375 Barker, G. P. 389 338,422,423 Anderson, J. E. 137 Barker, R. G. 5,69,121 Blanz, M. 214 Anderson, J. R. 21,184,398,438,439 Barkow, J. H. 245 Blehar, M. C. 30 Anderson, N. H. 344,377 Baron, R. A 282,284,285, 287 - 289 Blodgett, H.C. 131 Anderson, R. 408 Barrat, E.S. 51 Bludau, H. F. 334 Anderson, S. M. Barrett, M. 412 Bobko, P. 231 Andrews, G. R. 393,398 Bartussek, D. 4 Boehme, R. E. 275 Andrews, J. D. W. 335 Batson, C. D. 246,247,253,254, Boggiano, A. K. 409,412 Andrews, J. W. 191 256-260,262,263,364 Bohrnstedt, G. 376 Angelini, A L. 214 Baumann, D.J. 247,259 Bolen, M. H. 262 Angermeier, W.F. 42 Baumeister, R. F. 186, 234 Bolles, R. C. 17,45,73,77,78,81,86, Angulo, E.J. 289 Baumler, G. 209 113,114,123,137,139-144,152,157, Appelman, A.J. 365 Beane, W. E. 214 414 Appley,M.H. 17,27,47 Bechterev, W. 41 Bongort, K. 207,421,422 Arazi, D. 407 Beck, AT. 174,430 Bonsfield, W.A. 315 Arkes, H.R. 410 Beckman, L.J. 364 Bootzin, R. R. 347,409,426 496 Name Index

Borden, R 288 Campbell, D. T. 244 Crandall, R 356 Borgida, E. 356,362,375 Campbell, J. 438 Crandall, v.e. 345,378,440 Boring, E.G. 18,22 Campbell, J. D. 439 Crandall, V.l. 345,378,440 Borysenko, J.Z. 333 Campbell, 1. P. 159,411 Crespi, L. P. 131, 136 Borysenko, M. 333 Cannon, vv. B. 73, 98, 99 Cronbach, L.J. 9,189,261,437 Bower, G. H. 179 Canon, L. K. 107 Cross, J. A. 262 Bowers, K. S. 5, 290 Cantor, N. 5,283,438 Crowe, D. H. 365 Bowlby, J. 302 Carbonari,l. 345 Crowne, D. P. 153,382 Boyatzis, R E. 308,334-336 Carlsmith, 1. M. 105,109,345,364 Crozier, J. B. 94 Boyce, R. 27 Carlson, E. R. 155 Crozier, VV. R. 304 Boyer, J. L. 258 Caron, A.1. 125,126 Csikszentmihalyi, M. 406,407,412 Brackhane, R. 236 Carpenter, 1. A. 78 Culler, R. E. 196 Braden, M. 108 Carr, T. H. 170 Cummings, L. 158,159,160 Bradley,G.VV. 110,365,416,439 Carroll, J.S. 369,400 Cunningham, J. D. 356,358 Bramel, D. 111 Cartwright, D. 32,120,125,126,128, Cunningham, M. R 257,261 Brauckmann, L. 240 223,226,227,318,319,419 Brayer, S. L. 348 Carver, e. s. 12, 170, 287 Dahl, R.A. 317 Brehm,J.VV. 103-105,107,110,111, Cascio, vv. F. 408 Daniels, D. 304 168,180,250,252,424,427 Caspy, T. 435,436 Daniels, L. R 248,249,261,262 Breitenbach, VV. 209 Cattell, R.B. 19,36,45,51-55,57,59, Darley, J. M. 246,247,248,249,250, Breland, K. 140 68 257,258,261,364 Breland, M. 140 Cervone, D. 185,231 Darwin, C. 19,25,27,30,33,37,55, Breuer, J. 295 Chadwick, I. 307 61,64,96,98,200,244,270 Brewin, e. R 430,431 Chance, J. E. 153 Davidson, RJ. 332,333 Bricker, vv. 277 Chapin, M. 398 Davidson, VV.Z. 191 Brickman, P. 224 Chaplin, vv. F. 7 Davies, N.B. 270 Broadhurst, P.1. 232 Chapman, 1. P. 362,370 Davis, K. E. 24,254,284,350,351,352, Brock, T.e. 107 Chapman, L.l. 362,370 354,358,359 Brown, D. 312 Chapman, R. 333 Davis, M.A. 195 Brown,J. 383,386 Charlesworth, B. 244 Davis, M. H. 51,262 Brown,J.F. 117,121 Cheek, 1. M. 304 Davis, vv.N. 322 Brown, J. S. 39,40,79,83,85,88 Chester, N. L. 214 Dawe, H. e. 276 Brown, P.L. 141 Chevalier-Skolnikoff, S. 65 Dawes, R M. 220 Brown, R e. 269 Child, D. 53 Day, K. 289 Brunstein, J. e. 173,428, 429, 430, 433, Chodoff, P. 371 Debus, R L. 393, 398 434,435 Christie, R 262, 325 deCharms, R. 241,307,308,345,370, Brunswik, E. 6,315,351 Chung Cheung, P. 241 398,405,407,408 Bryan,J. 250,257 Chusmir, L. H. 322,323 Deci, E. L. 283,350,405,406,407,408, Buber, M. 314 Cialdini, R. B. 247,348,427 409,411,412,413,416 Buck, E. 214 Ciaranello, R. D. 275 Deese, J. 78 Buckert, U. 442 Clark,M. 255,257 Deffenbacher, J. L. 195 Buckley, T. 260 Clark, P. 107 Dehority, J. 246 Bucy, P. 272, 273 Clark, RA. 2,8,89,199,202 Dember, VV. N. 404 Biihler, Ch. 36,92 Clark, R. D. 249,259 Dembo, T. 30,117,121,144,146,149, Bulman, R.J. 428 Clausen, G. 261 415 Burdick, H. 207,440 Clausen, L. 442 Dempster, F. N. 179 Burger, J. M. 348,365,370 Cochran, S. D. 431 Dengerink, H. A. 282, 283, 285, 287 Burgess, M. 297 Cofer, C. N. 17,27,47 DePaulo, B.M. 246,251,253,283 Bush, E. S. 378 Cohen,A.R 105,110,111 Depner, C. 214,338 Buss, A. H. 267,276,282,284,287, Cohen, J. L. 265 Desai, K.A. 199,338 289,290,291,304 Cohen, S. 425 Detweiler, D.A. 100 Buss, A. R. 341,359,374,407 Coke, J. S. 256,258,259,263 Deutsch, M. 286 Buss, D. M. 287 Cole, A. H. 252 Diener, e.1. 361,373,429,432 Buss, H. H. 304 Collier, G. 82 Dienstbier, R.A. 259 Butler, D. 349 Collins, B. E. 105, 344 Diggory, 1. e. 437 Butler, R 412 Condry, J. 408 Diller, L. 437 Butler, R. A. 80,403 Constantian, e. A. 308, 309 Dilthey, VV. 59 Butterfield, R e. 125 Constanzo, P. R. 365 Dintzer, L. 360, 373, 428 Butzin, e.A. 377 Cook, R. E. 21 Doctor, R. M. 195 Butzkamm, J. 374,376,378,392,393, Coombs, e. H. 220 Dodson, 1. D. 12 396,397 Cooper, H. M. 348 Dollard, J. 39,82,84,85,193,267,280, Byrne, D. 303, 305, 308, 309 Cooper, vv. H. 216,416 295 Coopersmith, S. 125, 126,437 Dollinger, S.J. 408 Calder, B.J. 409,412 Cordray, D. S. 357 Donders, F. e. 22 Calsyn, RJ. 437 Covington, M. V. 385, 386, 400 Donley, R. E. 322, 337 Camp, B. vv. 300 Coyne, J.e. 432 Donnerstein, E. 289 Campbell, B.A. 73,74,79,137,138 Cranach, M. von 12 Donnerstein, M. 289 Name Index 497

Doob, L. 82, 267 Evans,S. 341,359 Frankel, A. 425,429,431 Dorner, D. 13 Everett, G. M. 273,274 Frankenhaeuser,M. 275,331,332 Dorsky, F. 291 Exline, R V. 309 Franklin, J. 431 Douvan, E. 214,338 Eysenck, H.J. 45,46,47,51,232 Franklin, S. S. 307 Dovidio, 1. F 258, 259 Frederick, E. 231 Driver, M. 252 Fabes, RA. 412 Frederikson, M. 97 Drum, P. E. 435 Fajans, S. 123,124,127,128 FreedmanJ.L. 107 Dublin, C. C. 277 Farber, T. E. 81 Freedman, I. 408 Duck, S. W. 304 Farrow, D. L. 328 Freedman, S. 285 Dudycha, G.l. 50 Fasnacht, G. 409 Freeman, G. L. 125 Duffy, E. 44,45,91 Fazio, R H. 412 French, E.G. 209,211,307,310,416 Duker, H. 24 Feather, N. T. 10, 31, 134, 144, 150, French,J.RP. 318 Dumphy, D.C. 207 152,161,173,210,216,218,220,221, Freud,S. 18,20,26,27,28,29,30,32, Duncan, B. D. 260 225,226,235,365,373,378,383,393, 33,35,40,55,56,67,72,73,114,118, Duncker, K. 343, 362 419,440 124,127,135,201,280,281,295,299, Dunnette,M.D. 159,411 Federoff, N.A. 365 318,419 Durkee, A. 291 Feigenbaum, R. 364 Frey,D. 106,107,181 Durkheim, E. 275 Feingold, B. D. 410 Frey, R S. 213 Duscha, R 238 Feld, S. 338 Friedman, M. 331 Dutton, J. E. 411 Feld, S. C. 207,213,324 Friedman, S. 371 Duval, S. 287,366 Feldman, N. S. 356 Frierson, H. T. 197 Dvorak, H. P. 209 Feldman, S. M. 91 Friesen, W. V. 61,97 Dweck, C.S. 236,242,361,373,378, Felker, D. W. 378 Frieze, I. H. 224,360,362,373,374, 398,428,429,432 Felson, R. B. 376 375,382,383,389 Dyck, D.G. 398 Fenigstein, A. 287 Frijda,N.H.184,200 Dyck, RJ. 283,284 Fenz, W. D. 90 Frisch, D. M. 256 Dyer, L. 403 Ferguson, E. D. 148 Fromson, M. E. 278, 279 Ferguson, K. M. 274 Fuchs, R 125,441 Earl, R. W. 404 Ferguson, T.J. 269 Funckenstein, D. H. 275 Earle, W. B. 365 Feshbach, N. 278 Funder, D. C. 9 Eaves, G. 430 Feshbach, N. D. 278 Furcon, J. E. 160 Ebbesen, E. B. 169 Feshbach,S. 82,267,268,276,277, Fyans,L.J. 199,214,338 Ebbinghaus, H. 17,21 278,282,287,290,297 Eccles, J. 214 Festinger, L. 30, 31, 33,96, 103, 104, Gabler, H. 276 Eckensberger, L. H. 67,69,276 105,107,108,109,110,111,112,114, Gabrielli, W. F 275 Edman, G. 51 120,143,146,148,149,236,345,364, Gaensbauer, T.J. 302 Edwards, W. 31,114,145,244 415 Gaertner, S. L. 258, 259 Eggleston, R.J. 282,284 Fiedler, K. 357,359 Galanter, E. 12 Ehrlich, D. 107 Field, N. 338 Galassi, J. P. 197 Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. 26,27,200,272,302 Filipp, S. H. 437 Galbraith, J. 158,159,160 Einstein, A. 280 Fineman, S. 207,209 Gallitz, H. 191 Eisen, S. V. 367 Finkelstein, E. R 273 Gandelman, R 273 Ekman,P. 61,63,64,97,98,100 Fisch, E. 248 Garbarino, J. 412 Elder, G. H. 214,431 Fisch, R 90, 206 Garman, L. 246 Elias, N. 271 Fischer, M. 195 Gatchel, R.J. 426 Elig, T. W. 389 Fischhoff, B. 359,361 Gatewood, R 252 Eller, S.l. 427,428 Fishbein, M. 155,167 Gattling-Stiller, I. 398 Elliot, E. S. 236, 242 Fisher, J. D. 246,251,252,253,256 Gavin,J.F. 158,160 Elliot, M. H. 130,131 Fishman, D. B. 307,308 Gebhard, M. 125 Elmadjian, Fl. 275 Fiske, D. W. 94,95,362,404 Geen, RG. 195,297 Emde, R. N. 302 Fitch, G. 105,110,366 Geer, J. H. 258 Emminghaus, W. B. 67,69,276 Fitz, D.A. 282 Geis, F L. 262, 325 Endler, N. S. 3, 313 Ravell, J. H. 263 Georgopolous, B. S. 155, 156, 160 Engler, U. 219 Fleischman, J. A. 250 Georgoudi, M. 341 Entin, E. E. 232 Floor, E. 332, 333 Geppert, U. 65, 200 Entwisle, D. R. 207,421 Fodor,E.M. 327,328 Gerard, H. B. 181 Enzle, M. E. 283 Foersterling, F. 398 Gerbasi, K. C. 344 Epstein S. 90,284,285,437 Folkes, V. 391 Gergen, K.J. 256,261,437,438 Epstein, N. 263,264,278 Folkman, S. 102 Gergen,M. 256,261 Ericson, K. A. 343 Fontaine, G. 365,382 Gerling, M. 398 Erikson, E. H. 59,328 Fontana, A. F. 323,332 Geyer, M. A. 275 Ermshaus, W. 378 Forrest, D. W. 125 Gillen, R. 434, 435 Eron, L. D. 290 Forsman, L. 331,332 Gillmore, G. 387 Escalona, S. K. 31,114,146 Fowler, H. 92 Gilman, A. G. 274 Estes, W. K. 78 Fowler, J. W. 398 Gilmor, T. M. 378,383 Eswara, H. S. 387 Frank, J.D. 148 Gjesme, T. 210,226,227,230 Evans, R 289 Frank, L. K. 121,200 Glixman, A. F 126 498 Name Index

Glueck, E. 277 Hammen, C. L. 431 Hillman, D. 259 Glueck, S. 277 Hammond, P. 341 Hillman, J. 259 Gniech, G. 427 Hampel, R. 295 Hinde, R. A. 27, 280 Goethals, G. R. 219,344,353,362,376 Handelsman, M.M. 196 Hinkle, S. 341 Goldberg, L. R. 368 Hanel, J. 241,398,399 Hiroto, D. S. 423,424 Golding, S. L. 362 Hannah, T. E. 387 Hirschowitz, R. 322 Goldstein, J. E. 276 Hansen, D. N. 192 Hjelle, L. A. 321,322 Goldstein, M. 382 Hansen, R. D. 283, 356, 362 Hochschwender, M. 246 Golin, S. 430 Hanson, E. 246, 256 Hodges, F. 191 Gollwitzer, P. M. 11,13,32,127,176, Hanusa, B. H. 360, 425,426 Hoffman, L. W. 215 177,178,179,180,181,182,184,365, Harackiewicz, J. M. 413 Hoffman, M. L. 245,247,256,258, 439 Hardyck, J.A. 108 259,263,264 Goodenough, F. L. 276 Harlow, H. F. 80,92,302,403 Hogan, R. 258, 264 Goodman, P.S. 160 Harris, B. 42, 97 Hogg, E. 378 Goodstadt, B. E. 321,322 Harris, R. 249 Hokanson, J. 297 Goranson, R. E. 252 Harter, S. 412 Holaday, J. W. 273 Gorlitz, D. 341 Hartmann, D. P. 287 Holahan, c.J. 196 Gorsuch, R. L. 191 Hartshorne, H. 6,35, 50,261 Holder, E. E. 82 Goschke, T. 174 Hartup, W. W. 276 Holder, W. B. 82 Gould, R. 368 Harvey, J. H. 341,349,356,363,365 Holinger,D.C. 196 Gouldner, A. 251 Hausfater, G. 271 Hollandsworth, J.G. 197 Grabitz, H.-J. 105,427 Hayashi, T. 214 Holm,O. 269 Graefe, O. 122 Hayden, B. 283 Holmes, C. 378 Graen, G. 160 Hayes, B.E. 194,196 Holmes, D. S. 363 Graham, S. 389 Hayes-Roth, B. 13 Holmes, M. 248 Graumann, C. F. 61 Hayes-Roth, F. 13 Homans, G. C. 251 Gray, J.A. 51 Healy, S. 316,327 Honzik, C.A. 131 Green, D. 126,363 Hebb, D.O. 43,44,45,46,91,92,94,95 Hooff, J. A. R. A. M. van 65,271 Green, R. G. 286, 295 Heckhausen, H. 3,4,11,12,13,14,17, Hope, J. 275 Greenberg, J. 168,360 21,23,31,32,65,69,92,101,125, Hoppe, F. 29,123,124,146,147 Greenberg, M. S. 256,374 l~l~l~l~l~l~l~lM, Horner, M.S. 214,215,227,232,233, Greene,D. 405,408,409,410,411,412 162,168,175,177,178,179,180,181, 416 Greenwald, A.G. 103,110,257,346, 182,183,184,185,186,187,195,196, Hornstein, H. A. 248 439 199,200,201,204,205,206,207,209, Horowitz,I.A. 250 Greenwell, J. 283 210,213,214,215,216,217,218,219, House, P. 363 Grev, R. 257 221,222,223,224,226,227,234,236, House, R.J. 144,160 Grinker, J. 106, 110 238,239,240,241,305,317,334,346, Hovland, C. I. 86, 110 Groeben, N. 436 361,373,374,378,385,386,392,395, Howlett, A.c. 274 Grolnik, W. S. 398 396,397,398,400,404,406,411,413, Hrdy, S.B. 271 Gross, A. E. 255 414,415,416,417,418,429,435,443 Huesmann, L. R. 290 Grosse, B. 173 Heckhausen, J. 302 Hughdal, K. 97 Grumet, J. F. 353 Heider, F. 4,33,96,102,103,112,122, Hull, C. L. 30,36,38,39,40,41,45,71, Grusec, J. 250 125,281,317,342,343,344,347,348, 72,75,76,77,78,79,80,82,83,84, Gruzen, J. 259 349,350,351,354,357,359,365,369, 87,91,94,96,99,112,113,114,118, Gugler, B. 12 373,376,380,381,398,406,441 123,129,130,132,134,135,136,137, Gulliksen, H. 207 Helle, P. 14,174 138,139,142,190,193,403 Gump, P. 121 Helmke, A. 196 Hume, D. 20 Gurin, G. 213,324 Helmreich, R. L. 105,210,214 HuntJ. MeV. 313,404,405 Guttmann, I. 107 Helson, H. 31,96,404 Huston, T. L. 246, 303 Hempelmann, M. 389 Hutchings, C. H. 195 Haber, R. N. 96,193,204,207 Henemann, H.H. 158,160 Habu, K.A. 214 Henle, M. 117, 127, 226 Ickes, W.J. 249,254,255,263 Hacker, W. 12 Herbart, J. F. 236 Indermiihle, K. 12 Hackman,J.R. 160 Herman, C. P. 347 Irle, M. 105,106,108,110,111,181 Hagerman, S. 169 Hermann, M.G. 309 Irwin, F. W. 24, 352, 369 Halberstadt, L.J. 431 Hermans, H.J. M. 210 Isen, A. M. 255, 257 Halisch, F. 32,150,201,206,209,210, Heron, W. 92 Israel, G. 246 216,218,221,226,239,241,396,415, Hess, E. H. 27 Ittelson, W. H. 5 443 Hess, W. R. 272, 273 Izard, C. E. 64 Hallermann, B. 441,442 Hesse, F. W. 230 Hamburg, D. 371 Hetzer, H. 92 Jacobs, B. 204 Hamburg, D. A. 271 Hewitt, E. C. 224 Jagacinski, C. M. 239,386 Hamilton, D. L. 344 Hewstone, M. 357 James, J. 107 Hamilton, E. W. 431 Heyns, R. W. 306,307,308,309,311 James, W. 11,16,17,18,21,22,24,25, Hamilton, J.O. 223 Higgins, E. T. 356, 438 55,97,98,99,114,167,382,436 Hamilton, V. L. 354 Hillgruber, A. 12,16,24,150,165,167, Janis, I. 110 Hamilton, W. D. 244, 270 185,231,238 Janoski, M. L. 256 Name Index 499

Jarmecky, L. 258 Klineberg, D. 61 Laufen, A. 308,310 Jaspars, J. 357 Klinger, E. 1,66,92,169,197,204, Launier, R. 101 Jemmott, J. B. 312,332,333 292,404,427,428 Lavalle, T. R. 432 Jenkins, T.N. 141,214 Kluckhohn, F.R. 68 Lawick-Godall, J. van 200,271,302 Johnson, D. W. 320 Kluver, H. 272, 273 Lawler, E.E. 158,159,160,161,411 Johnson, R. 289,320 Knott, P. D. 291 Lawrence, D.M. 108,109,110 Johnson, T.J. 364 Koch, S. 17,403 Lazarus, R. S. 62, 96, 101, 102, 346, Jones, E. E. 5,24,181,219,254,284, Kock,S.E. 336,337 389,439 344,349,350,351,352,353,354,356, Kohlberg, L. 251,258,262,263,277, Leary, M. R. 304 358,359,362,363,364,366,367,368, 370 Lebold, C. 246 370,376 Kohler, W. 23, 33 Lee, e. 231 Jones, H. E. 97 Konner, M.J. 302 Leeper, R. W. 78, 122 Jones, M.e. 97 Kornadt. H.-J. 67,69,70,82,267,276, Lefcourt, H. M. 153, 345, 378 Jones, N. W. 155 280,282,283,292,293,294,295,296, Lefkowitz, M. M. 290 Jopt, U.-J. 310,378,416,436 297,298,299,300 Legget, E. L. 242 Joseph, J. R. 283,286 Kounin, J. S. 127 Lehmann, H. e. 35 Jucknat,M. 29,147 Krampen, G. 237 Lehnhoff, J. 258 Junker, E. 125, 126 Krantz, D. L. 26,56 Leichman, G. A. 387 Kraska, K. 214 LeMagnen, J. 77 Kagan,J. 97,262,292 Krau, E. 215,227 Lens, W. 235 Kahan, J. P. 365 Kraus, L. 333 LePage,A. 281,286 Kahneman, D. 145,161,220,281,362, Krause,S. 316,327 Lepinski, J. P. 289 370,425 Krebs,D.L. 256,259,260 Lepper, M. R. 405,408,409,410,411, Kalbermatten, U. 12 Krebs, J. R. 270 412 Kalin, R. 322 Kremen, I. 100 Lerman, D. 389 Kaminski, G. 5 Kreuz, A. 228 Lerner, M.J. 371 Kane, T. 286 Kreuzig, H. W. 13 Lersch, Ph. 26 Kane, T. R. 283 Kriss, M. 368 Lesser, G. S. 292 Kanfer, F. H. 169,394 Krolage, J. 110 Levendusky, P. G. 285 Kanouse, D. E. 362 Krug, B. 378 Levenson, R. W. 97 Karabenick,S. 150,215,216,219,228, Krug,S. 32,240,241,398,399,441 Leventhal, H. 99 416 Kruglanski, A. W. 317,318,319,341, Levi, A. 367 Karlovac, M. 356 406,407,409,412 Levine, F. M. 409 Karsten, A. 92 Krusell, J. 408 Levine, M. 425,433,435 Kashima, Y. 375 Ksionzky,S. 305,312,313,314 Lewicki, P. 439 Kaslow, N.J. 430 Kubal, L. 426,427 Lewin, K. 12,13,23,29,30,31,33,38, Kassin, S. M. 357 Kuhl,J. 3,4,10,11,12,14,16,24,32, 57,86,87,92,96,103,112,113,114, Katcher, A. H. 289 64,105,134,162,167,170,171,172, 115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122, Katkovsky, W. 345, 378, 440 173,174,175,186,187,208,209,223, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 131, Kaufmann, H. 267 231,234,396,413,422,423,424,429, 132,133,134,137,138,139,142,144, Kaufmann, I. e. 200 432,433,435,437 146,148, 149, 150, 153, 165, 166, 167, Kaye, K. 302 Kukla, A. 158,168,169,185,224,241, 168,184,226,317,319,350,415,419, Kazdin, A. E. 409 360,363,373,378,384,385,387,388, 428 Kazen-Saad,M. 174 391,400,415,436,441,443 Lewinson, P.M. 431 Keefe, D. E. 194,196 Kulka, R. 214,338,436 Lewis, S. K. 348 Keil, W. 209 Kiilpe, O. 21,22,24,162 Lewis, T. 409 Keller, J. A. 305 Kun, A. 377,378,400 Liberman, A. M. 294 Kelley, H. H. 4,7,33,110,247,253, Kunda,Z. 367,439 Licht, B. G. 442 283,284,319,323,347,348,349,350, Kurdek, L. A. 259 Liebert, R. M. 195,205,209 352,354,355,356,357,358,359,362, Liebhart, E. H. 100,101,237,346,360 366,370,374,376,400,407,427 Lacey, B. C. 97 Lin, Y.G. 196 Kelly, G.A. 304,344 Lacey, J. I. 91,97,100 Lindsley, D. B. 43,91 Kemmler, L. 206, 276 Lagerspetz, K. 275 Lindworsky, J. 24 Kenny, D.A. 437 Lamb,A. 274 Linneweber, V. 269 Kenrick, D. T. 247 Lambert, W. W. 276,277 Linville, P. W. 398 Kerns, R. D. 323, 332 Lamson, , E. T. 275 Lippitt, R. 121 Kessen, W. 92 Lange, L. 22, 400 Lipps, T. 258 Kidd,R.F. 249,254,255,263 Langer, E. J. 182, 363,425,431, 432 Lissner, K. 13,24,117,127,128,226, Kihlstrom, J. F. 438 Lansing, J. B. 308 440 Kinney, R.F. 182 Lantermann, E. D. 12 Littig, L. W. 330 Kipnis, D. 319,321,323,409 Lanzetta, J. T. 387 Littman, R. A. 277 Kirkland, K. 197 Larson, D. W. 431 Litwin, G. H. 205,216,220,221,330, Kistner, J.A. 442 Lasater, L. 291 335,416 Klanderman, S. B. 249 Latane, B. 247,248,249,250,258,261 Liverant, S. 153, 155, 345, 382 Klandermans, P.G. 155 Latham, G. P. 230 Lochner, D. 412 Klein, R. 438 Lau, R. P. 361 Locke, D. 341 Kleinbeck, U. 32,322,325,327,418 Lauer, J. M. 241 Locke,E.A. 24,150,168,230,231,234 500 Name Index

Locke,S.E. 332,333 Maslow, A. H. 36,59,60,61,67,314 Mikulincer, M. 430,435,436 Loevinger,J. 61,316 Mason, A. 323, 338 Milavsky, B. 289 Loewenton, E. P. 341 Matthews, M. W. 254 Milburn, M.A. 146 Logan, F.A. 139 Mattson, A. 274 Milgram, S. 288, 363, 364 Lohhausen, K. 13 May, M.A. 6,35,50,261 Miller, D. T. 110,365,368,371,416, Lombardo, J. P. 258 Mazur, A. 274 439 London, P. 245 McAdams, D.P. 301,314,315,316, Miller, F. D. 343,360, 362 Lorenz, K. 18,26,27,63,96, 118,280, 326,327,332 Miller, G.A. 12,170 281,295,297,299 McAnley, E. 380 Miller, l. W. III. 374,423,424,426 Uischper, G. 269 McArthur, L.A. 8,356,357,362,366, Miller, N. 363 Lourie, R. S. 277 375 Miller, N. E. 39,40,42,47,79,82,83, Louw, J. 375 McCandless, B. R. 283, 342 84,85,86,87,88,89,193,267 Louw-Potgieter, J. 375 McCauley, C. 341 Miller, W. R. Lovejoy, C. D. 302 McClelland,D.C. 2,8,28,30,31,32, Mills, 1. 107 Loveland, K.K. 412 40,44,59,95,96,138,199,200,201, Milner, P. 43,80,91 Low, H. 274 202,203,204,210,212,213,214,221, Minton, H. L. 378,383 Lowe, c.A. 283,363,365,370,371 240,290,294,295,308,309,311,312, Miron, D. 334 Lowell, E. L. 2,8,199,204,210 314,315,320,321,322,323,324,326, Misavage, R. 249 Lowin, A. 107 327,328,329,330,331,332,333,334, Mischel, H.N. 170 Luborsky, L. 431 335,336,339,384,389,399,404,412, Mischel, T. 4,5,6,7,21,415 Luck, H. E. 260,261 440 Mischel, W. 50,169,170 Lucker, G. W. 214 McCullers, J. C. 412 Misiak, H. 61 Luer, G. 230 McDavis, K. 256, 258 Mitchell, T.R. 157,159,160,161,317 Luginbuhl, J. E. R. 365 McDonald, R. D. 305 Mittag, H.-D. 126 Lundberg, V. 331 McDougall, W. 18,19,25,26,30,34, Moeller, G. H. 213 Lushene, R.E. 191 35,36,53,54,55,56,57,58,62,67, Molish, B. 292 Lusk, C.M. 412 72, 114,243,280 Monson, T.C. 367,368 Lutkenhaus, P. 185 McFann, H. H. 81 Montague, A. 280 Lynch, J.G. 265 McGeer, E.G. 274 Montesquio,1. 407 McGeer, P. L. 274 Montgomery, K.C. 403 Mabel, F. 92 McGillis, D. 254, 353 Montmann, V. 105,108 Macauley,J.R. 243 McGlynn, R. P. 363 Moore, B. 170 MacCasland, B. W. 292 McGuire, W.J. 33,103 Moot, S. A. 139 MacInnis,D.J. 214 McKeachie, W.1. 196,310 Moran, J.D. III. 412 Maddi, S. R. 94, 95, 404 McMahan, l. D. 382,383 Moreland, R. L. 439 Maddocks, J.A. 332 McReynolds, P. 404 Morgan, C. D. 201 Madsen, K.B. 17,19 Medea, A. 371 Morgan,C.T. 73,143 Maehr,M.L. 69,70,199,338,387 Mednick, S.A. 275 Morgan, J.J. B. 97 Magnusson, D. 3 Medway, F.1. 363,365,370,371,398 Morgan, M. 411 Magoun, H. W. 43,91 Meehl, P. E. 9 Morgenstern,O. 31,114,145 Mahler, W. 13,24,117,127,226,440 Mehlman, R. C. 365 Morgulis, S. 42 Mahoney, M.J. 155,398,410 Mehrabian,A. 210,227,263,264,278, Morris,L.W. 195,205,209 Maier, S. F. 423 303,305,311,312,313,314 Mors, H. A. 97 Main, D. S. 409 Meichenbaum, D. 198 Moruzzi, G. 43,91 Major, B. 51,357,359,362 Meise, C. 311,416,436 Mosher, D. 300 Mallick, S. K. 283,342 Melburg, V. 365 Motowidlow, S.J. 220 Malmo, R. B. 91 Messick, D. M. 254, 256 Moulton, R. W. 126,205,223,441 Mandler, G. 64,97,100,193,194,195, Metalsky, G.l. 429,431,432 Mowrer, O. H. 39,40,63,82,83,85, 311 Meter, K. 261 114,138,139,144,190,267 Manoogian,S.T. 408 Metzger, W. 343 Moyer, K. E. 268,270,273,274,280 Mansson, H. H. 106,110 Meumann, E. 21 Mueller, C. W. 289 Maples, C. W. 426 Meyer, D. 333 Muller, G. E. 22,23 Maranon, G. 98 Meyer, J. P. 374 Mummendey, A. 269 Marbe, K. 176 Meyer, W.-U. 14,21,32,158,168,185, Munsinger, H. L. 92 Marcia, J. E. 316 206,210,217,219,224,241,253,256, Munsterberg, H. 21 Marclls,J.L. 323,332 286,360,374,376,378,381,385,387, Munzert, R. 283 Margolin, B.-S. 407 388,389,390,391,393,394,396,400, Murray, E.J. 89 Marks, E. 333 415,436,440,441,442,443 Murray, H.A. 19,26,28,30,35,51,54, Marks, G. 363 Michaelis, W. 286 57,58,59,66,68,69,70,199,201, Markus, H. 438,439,440 Michaels, E.1. 226 243,249,301,303,324 Marrow, A.J. 125,126 Michela, J. L. 349 Murstein, B.l. 201,292 Marshall, G. 99 Michels, U. 238 Mussen, P. H. 292 Martire, J. C. 204 Michotte, A. E. 4,11,12,16,19,22,24, Maruyama, G. M. 364 25,165,343 Nacci, P. 286 Marx, M. N. 82 Midlarsky, E. 255,257 Nadler, A. 246,251,256 Maselli, M. D. 283 Mierke,K. 24,228,234,416 Nasby, W. 283,439 Maslach, C. 99 Mikawa,1. 305 Nash, S.c. 215 Name Index 501

Naylor, H. K. 292 Patel, V. 312,333 Rand, P. 210 Neimeyer, G.l. 304 Patten, R. L. 394 Rankin, N. D. 101 Neimeyer, R.A. 304 Patterson, G. R. 277 Ransen, D. 411 Nell, v. 322 Patton, 1. H. 51 Rao, P.A. 431 Nesdale, A. R. 287,288,289,342 Paulus, P. B. 426 Rapaport, D. 29 Neumann, 1. v. 31, 114, 145 Pawlow, I. P. 19,36,39,41,42,43,45, Raphelson, A.C 310 Neuringer-Benefiel, H. E. 262 46, 72, 134, 139 Raps, C S. 430 Newcomb, T. M. 50 Payne,J.W. 369,400 Rasch, G. 208,209 Newtson, D. 353 Peak, H. 31,86,154,155 Ratajczak, H. 184 Nicassio, P. 347 Peake, P. K. 7 Raup, R. B. 73 Nicholls,l.G. 205,210,216,236,239, Penner, D.O. 105 Raven, B.H. 317,318,319 241,242,385,386,443 Pennington, D. 341 Rawlings, B. 296 Nickel, T. W. 283 Peper, D. 299 Rayner, R. 42, 62, 97 Nicolich, L. 185 Peplau, L.A. 215 Raynor, 1.0. 12,32,223,231,416, Niepel, M. 175 Peretz, M. 407 418 Nierenberg, R. 374,382 Peri,1. 407 Reed, H. 356 Nisan, M. 412 Perin, C 1. 76, 78 Reed, L. 224,373 Nisbett, R. E. 5, 111, 343, 345, 346, Persons, 1. B. 431 Reeder, G. D. 363 347,349,350,356,359,360,362,363, Peter, N. 387 Regan, D. T. 368 364,367,368,370,375,405,408 Petermann, F. Reinhard, K. E. 430 Nomikos, M.S. 101 Peters, J. 398, 399 Reis, H. T. 259 Norman,D.A. 21 Peters, M. 42 Reisenzein, R. 99,100 Norman, W. H. 374,423,424 Peters, R. S. 341 Reiss, S. 409,410,411,412 Norman, W. T. 68 Peterson, C 425,429,430,431, Reiter, L. 315 Notz, W. W. 408 433 Reither, F. 13 Nurius, P. 438,439 Peterson, P. L. 398 Reitman, W. R. 232, 233 Nuttin, 1. M. Jr. 438 Petrullo, L. 344 Repucci, N. D. 428 Nygard, R. 32,210,223,226,230 Pfander, A. 17 Rescoria, R. A. 139 Phares, E.J. 153,345,373,382 Rest, S. 224,373,374,385,387 O'Connor, P. 227,310 Phillips, S. 425 Reuman, D. 338 O'Leary, V.E. 380 Piaget,l. 44,277,317,370,404 Reuman,D.A. 207,214 O'Malley, P. M. 235 Piekara, R. 188 Revelle, W. 215,226,227,231 O'Neil, H. F. 192 Piliavin, 1. M. 249,254,255,258, Reynolds, W.F. 137 Odbert, H. S. 68 341 Reznick, 1. S. 408 Ogilvie, D. M. 207 Piliavin, 1. A. 247,249,258,259,341 Rheinberg, F. 32,236,238,239,240, Ohman, A. 97 Pilon, D. ·309 374,378,383,412,417 Olbrich, E. 428, 435 Pilzecker, A. 22 Richardson, J. T. 249 Olds, J. 43,45,80,91,93 Pisor, K. 282 Richter, C P. 73,74,137 Olds, M. 93 Ploger, F.-O. 387,388,389 Riecken, H. W. 107 Olley,J.G. 412 Plomin, R. 304 Riemer, B. 385 Oltersdorf, G. 393 Plutchic, R. 63,64,65, 200 Riess, M. 365 Olweus, D. 274,280,282,290,291, Pollard, W. E. 317 Rimmo, P. A. 97 292,293,294,413 Polly,S. 364 Ring, K. 246 Omelich, C L. 385, 386, 400 Pomerantz, M. 210 Rinn, W. E. 64 Opton, E. M. 101 Porter, CA. 368 Riskind, J. H. 200 Orpen, Chr. 213 Porter, L. W. 158,160 Risser, J. 125,126 Orvis, B. R. 349,356 Postman, L. 125 Riter, A. 407 Ostrove, N. 374 Potepan, P.A. 378 Rivlin, L. G. 5 Overmier, 1. B. 423 Powers, 1. 12,315 Rizley, R. 378 Ovsiankina, M. 13,24,117,124, 125, Powers, W. T. Roby, T.B. 79,138,202 127,166,226,408,440 Prasad, J. A. 103 Rock, L. 219,376 Owen, S. 51 Preston, M.G. 220 Rodin, J. 249 Ozkaragog, T. 442 Pribram, K. H. 12,64, 170 Roeder, G. P. 223 Price, L. H. 207,421 Roelofsen, 1. 200 Packer, C 245 Pritchard, R. D. 160 Roew,D.C 304 Palenzuela, D. L. 345 Proshansky, H. M. 5 Rogers, C 36 Pallak, M.S. 110 Prouty, D. L. 83 Rohr, R. 246 Palola, E.G. 191 Pruitt,D.G. 252 Roney, CJ. E. 224 Parker, B. 323 Prlim, E. 4,11,12,16,22,24,165 Ronis, D. L. 103,110 Parker, D. F. 403 Pryer, R. S. 201, 368 Rorer, L.G. 362 Parkinson, B. 347 Pryor, 1. B. 368 Rose,l.H. 160 Parsons, T. 68 Purkey, W.W. 437 Rose, R. M. 273 Pasahow,l R. 430,434 Pych, V. 259 Rosenbaum, R. M. 224,373,374 Pascal, B. 145 Pyszczynski, T. A. 360 Rosenberg, R. L. 155,323,332 Paskal, V. 257 Rosenblum, L. A. 200 Passini, F. T. 68 Quanty, M. B. 295 Rosenfeld, H. M. 365 Patashnik, M. 241 Quinkert, H. 398,399 Rosenfeldt, P. 307 502 Name Index

Rosenfield, D. 365,416 313,327,330,365,379,397,399,413, Shortell, J. 285,289 Rosenhan, D. L. 245 440,442 Shotland, R. L. 246 Rosenman, R.H. 331 Schmidt, D. F. 341 Showers, e. 234 Rosenzweig, S. 125, 126 Schmidt, F. L. 160 Shrauger, J. S. 437,442 Rosier, H.-D. 126 Schmidt, H. D. 152,286 Shultz, T. R. 12 Ross, D. 286 Schmidt, K.-H. 199,418 Shuman, R. 291 Ross, E. M. 274 Schmidt-Mummendey, A. 286 Siegel, R.G. 197 Ross, G. 333 Schnackers, lJ. 322,325,327,334 Sierad, J. 393 Ross, L. 283,346,358,359,361,362, Schneider, F. W. 258 Sigal\, H. 368, 369 363,364,365,368,370 Schneider, K. 4,12,32,81,82,150, Sigwart, Chr. 175 Ross, M. 365,409,412,439 152,191,194,205,207,216,220,222, Silka, L. 168 Ross, S. 191 224,227,228,311,385,415,416,436 Silver, L. B. 277 Ross, S. A. 286 Schneider, W. 170 Silverman, J. Roth, S. 426,427 Schneirla, J.e. 64 Silverman, W. H. 288, 437 Rothbart, M. 425 Schnerring,D.A. 348 Simmel, M. 343 Rotter, J. B. 144,152,153,154,155, Schoenfeld, W. N. 85 Simmons, R. 130, 131 189,261,262,322,344,345,373,380, Schonbach,P. 107,108 Simon, H.A. 319,343 382,424,440 Schopler,J. 247,252,254 Simon, J.G. 365,383 Roussel, J. 83,137 Schuck, J. 282 Simons, L. S. 286 Rubin, I. M. 336 Schultz,e.B. 210 Singer, J. E. 99, 100 Rubin, K. H. 258 Schulz, R. 360, 425, 426 Singer, R. D. 82 Rubin, Z. 301,314 Schunk, D. H. 398 Skinner, B. F. 42,43,45,169,394,403 Ruble, D. N. 356 Schutt, M. 185 Sliosberg,1. 121 Rudin, S. A. 324 Schwab, D.P. 158,160 Smedslund, J. 362,436 Rule, B.G. 268,269,283,284,287, Schwartz, B. 97 Smith, A.A. 125 288,289,342 Schwartz, J.e. 5 Smith, e. P. 207, 233, 244 Runquist, W.N. 85 Schwartz, M. F. 255,257 Smith, E. R. 343, 360, 362 Rush, A.J. 430 Schwartz, S.H. 250,251,259,261-263 Smith, R. B. 269 Rushton, J. P. 247, 262 Scodel, A. 345 Smith, R. e. 12 Russell, B. 317 Scott,T.H. 92 Smith, T. 328 Russell, D. 361,374,380,389 Scott, W. A. 204 Smith, T. W. ,196 Rust, L. D. 91 Sears,P.S. 30,144,146,149,415 Smock, e. D.( 126 Ryals, K. 345 Sears, R. R. 82, 86, 126, 267 Snyder, e. R. 196,365 Ryan, R. M. 398,405,406,407,408, Sechenov, I. 41 Snyder, M. 367,368 409,412,413 Secord, P. F. 304 Snyde~M.L. 365,416,425,429,431 Seeman, M. R. 155 Sogin, S. R. 110 Saari, L. H. 230 Segal, D.S. 275 Sohn, D. 224,385,386 Sader,M. 207,209 Seidenstiicker, E. 207 Sokolov, E. N. 42,45,46 Salami:, R. F. 196 Seidenstiicker, G. 207 Sokolowski, K. 313 Salili, F. 387 Selg, H. 295 Solomon, R. L. 85, 125, 139 Salili, M. 199,338 Seligman, M. E. P. 97,173,374,423, Solomon, S. 168 Sandelands, L. E. 411 424,425,426,428,429,430,431 Sorman, P. B. 437 Sanders, M.S. 160 Seltzer, R.A. 421 Sorrentino, R. M. 204, 224, 232, 233, Sanford, R. N. 125,126,201 Selz, o. 23,24, 165 311,338 Sarason, B. R. 193,194,195,311 Semmel, A. 429,430,431 Southwood, K. E. 324 Sarason,I.G. 190,191,193,194,196, Sensibar, M. R. 89 Specht, H. 207 197, 198 Sentis, K. 438 Spence, J. 190 Saron, e. 332, 333 Seward, J.P. 138,139 Spence,J.T. 210,214 Sarup, K. 103 Sexton, V.S. 61 Spence, K. W. 38,39,40,47,79,81,85, Saunders, D. R. 68 Shabtai, L. 407 114,123,134,136,137,138,144,152, Savin-Williams, R. C. 271 Shaeffer, D. E. 430 190, 191, 193, 194 Sawusch, J. R. 235,421 Shaklee, H. 359 Spencer, C. P. 304 Saxe, L. 374 Shantz, D. W. 278 Spencer, H. 36 Schachter,S. 96,99,100,101,107,289, Shapira, Z. 411,412 Spiegler, M. D. 195 346,389 Shapiro, S. 442 Spielberger, C. D. 190,191,192 Schaffer, H. R. 302 Sharff, W. H. 291 Spies, K. 230 Schalling, D. 51,274 Shaver, K.G. 219,376 Spiller, H. 389 Schank, R. e. 411 Shaw, J. I. 357 Sroufe, L. A. 302 Scheele, B. 436 Shaw,K.N.230,231 Stahl, M.J. 334 Scheier, M. F. 12, 170,287 Shearin, E. 194, 196 Stanton, M. A. 435 Scher, H. 241 Sheffield, F.D. 74,79,80,137,138, Starke, E. 392, 393, 442 Scherer, K. R. 63, 64, 96 139,144 Staub, E. 247,261,263 Schill, T. R. 300 Sheppard, B. H. 232, 233, 311 Staudel, T. 13 Schlenker, B. R. 304, 365, 439 Sherrington, e. S. Staw, B.M. 409,412 Schlottmann, R. S. 291 Shils, E. A. 68 Steele, R. S. 326, 332 Schmalt, H.-D. 4,12,32,152,179,196, Shipley, T.E. 305,306 Stein, F. 195 199,205,206,207,209,210,222,240, Short,1.-A. 204,232,233 Steinberg, J. 257 Name Index 503

Steiner, 1.0. 437 Thorndike, R. L. 234 Wanner, E. 322 Steinmetz, J. L. 431 Thornton, B. 371 Ward, J.S. 83 Steller, B. 177,178,179,182 Thurstone, L. L. 229 Ward, L. 249 Stephan, E. 195 Tinbergen, N. 18,26 Ward, L. M. 376,219 Stephan, W.G. 365 Tjosfold, D. 320 Warden, e.J. 74 Stern, W. 34, 35 Toates, F. M. 73 Warner, L. H. 74 Sternberg, B. 410 Toi, M. 168,247,260 Washburn, A. L. 73 Sternberg, R.J. 301 Tolman, E.e. 30,37,38,41,67,68,82, Wasser, I. 240 Stevens,L. 366,368 112,113,114,123,128,129,130,131, Waters, S. N. 302 Stewart, A.J. 207,214,322,326,328 132,133,134,135,137,138,139,142, Watson, D. 367 Stice, G. F. 68 144, 152 Watson, J. B. 26, 42, 55,62,97, 135 Stich, M. H. 258 Toman, W. 29 Watson, R. I. 309,330,331 Stiensmeier, J. 443 Tomkins, S. 62, 64, 65, 98 Watt, H.J. 23,162,164 Stier, D. 312 Totten,J. 368 Weary, G. 349,365,367 Stiles, W. B. 287 Town, J. P. 363 Weber,M. 12,199,212,317,326 Stiller, K. 398 Tresemer, D. W. 215 Wegner, D.M. 185 Stone, e. 309 Triandis, H. 70, 375 Weiby, M. 364 Stone, P.J. 207 Triandis, H. e. 375 Weick, K.E. 105,159,405,411 Stonner, D. 286 Trivers, R. L. 245, 271 Weiner, A. W. 412 Stonner, D. M. 269,356 Trope, Y. 224,354,357,359 Weiner, B. 14,17,21,32,33,34,39,81, Storms, M. D. 347,368 Trudewind, e. 32 82,126,191,194,199,223,224,227, Stotland, E. 256, 259 Tsaltas, E. 51 360,361,362,363,373,374,375,377, Strang, H. 186,234 Tucker, J.A. 341 378,380,381,382,383,384,385,386, Strauman, T. 438 Turner, e. W. 286 387,388,389,390,391,393,398,400, Strayer, F. F. 271 Tversky, A. 145,161,220,281,362, 419 Strayer, J. 271 370,425 Weiner, J. 386 Streufert, S. 256 Weinert, F. E. 196 Stringer, R. A. 335 Uleman,J.S. 324,325,326,328 Weir, S. 343 Strodtbeck, F. L. 68 Underwood, B. 278,279 Weisfeld, G. E. 65,200,271 Struthers, S. 378 Uray, H. Weiss, M. 174,435 Sullivan, H. S. 314 Weiss, R. 209 Sullivan, J. 246 Vaillant, G. E. 316 Weiss, R. F. 258 Sushinski, L. W. 409,410,411,412 Valentine, e. W. 97 Welford, A. T. 229 Svare, B. 273 Valeri, e. R. 333 Welker, W. L. 403 Sweeney, P. D. 430,439 Valins,S. 96,100,101,111,345,346 Wells, G. L. 356 Swingle, P. 317 Valkenaar, M. e. 259 Wender, I. 398 Vallacher, R. R. 185 Wendt, H. W. 223,411 Tagiuri, R. 344 Valle, V. A. 382, 383 Werbik, H. 267,283 Tajfel, H. 246 Valzelli, L. 267,270,273 Wertheimer, M. 23, 33, 406 Tallon,S. 77 Varble, D. 292 Wessler, R. 61 Tanenbaum, R. L. 430 Venino, G. R. 398 West, M. M. 302 Taormina, R.J. 254,256 Veroff, J. 213,214,305,306,320,324, Westermarck, E. 303 Tarico, V. 380 325,328,336,338 Wetzel, e.G. 367 Taub, E. 142 Veroff, J. B. 324,328 Weyout, J. M. 259 Taylor, J.A. 39,47,81,190,191,193, Vigotsky, L. S. 302 Wheeler, L. 215 194 Voland, E. 271 Whitcher-Alagna, S. 251 Taylor, S. E. 362 Vontobel, J. 214 White, L. A. 394 Taylor,S.P. 282,284,285,291 Vorwerg, M. 398 White, R. W. 317,318,404,405 Teague, G. 330 Voss, B. 398 Whiting, B. B. 276 Teasdale, J.D. 374,424 Voydanoff, D. A. 278 Whiting, J. W. M. 276 Tedeschi, J. T. 269,283,286,317,365 Vroom, V.H. 21,30,32,114,155,156, Wicklund,R.A. 13,103,107,111,127, Teevan, R.C. 209,440 157,158,160,161,232,411 180,287,366,439 Tennen, H. 427,428,434,435 Wiecking, F.A. 337 Tennyson, R.D. 192 Wachtel, P.L. 290 Wilcox, S. 214 Terhune, K. W. 309,334 Wageman, R. 413 Wilensky, R. 13 Tesser, A. 252,438, 439 Wahba,M.A. 144,160 Wilkins, J. L. 291 Tessler, R. e. 255 Wahl, D. 234 William" B. W. 411 Test, M. 250 Wainer, H. A. 336 Williams, D. R. 141 Tetlock, Ph. E. 367 Walder, L.O. 290 Williams, H. 141 Thelen, M. H. 408 Walker, E. L. 92,114,139,140,309,404 Williams, R. M. 333 Thibaut, J. W. 247,319,323 Wall, S. N. 302 Williams, S. B. 76 Thomae, H. Wallach, M.A. 125,126 Wilson, E.O. 245,270 Thomas, G. 227,253,256 Wallston, B. S. 255 Wilson, T. D. 343,360,398 Thompson, K. 371 Walster, E. 105,247,277,278,285, Wimer, S. 374 Thorkildsen, T.A. 241 304,371 Wine, J. 193, 194, 234,304,432, Thorndike, E. L. 18,19,36/37,38,39, Walster, G. W. 277 442 41,42,43,129,131,135,138,139 Walters, R. H. 267,277,291,292 Winkel, G. H. 5 504 Name Index

Winter, D.G. 31,207,309,320,321, Wundt, W. 19,21,22,24,25,27,34,93 Zaksh, D. 407 322,323,325,326,328,334,337,338, Wurf, E. 438 Zanna, M.P. 100,344 399 Wylie, R. C. 437 Zeaman, D. 136 Wisp€:, L.G. 245 Wynne,L.C. 85,244 Zeevi, G. 408 Witt, T. R. 365 Wynne-Edwards, V. C. 245 Zeigamik, B. 24,117,124,125,126 Witty, P. A. 35 Zeiss, A. 170 Wong, P.T.P. 14,360,361,373 Yarkin, K. L. 363 Zielinski, W. Woodworth, R.S. 37,55,72,73,82, Yates, B. T. 170 Zillmann, D. 283,289,290,342 403,421 Yerkes, R. M. 12,42 Zimbardo, P.o. 99,106,110 Woolley, F. R. 192 Young, P. T. 17,40,44,45,67,80,122, Zoeller, c.J. 398 Worchel, S. 126,353 123,131,138 Zuckerman, D. M. 274,275 Wortman, C. B. 360,365,370,373, Yousseff, Z. I. 228 Zuckerman, M. 51,215,341,344,359, 424,427,428 407 Wright, R.A. 168 Zajonc, R. B. 33, 62, 103, 104, 390 Zumkley, H. 82,210,283,285,286, Wulff, J.J. 80,138 Zaks, M. 291 287,294,295,298,299