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1 Bulletin d'Information Archéologique ¬ 2 BIA ¬ 3 ¬ 4 ¬ 5 ¬ 6 Collège de FranceInstitut français ¬ 7 Chaire "Civilisation de l'Égypte pharaonique : d'archéologie orientale … archéologie, philologie, histoire" ¬ 8 ¬ 9 Bulletin d'Information Archéologique ¬ 10 BIA ¬ 11 ¬ 12 ¬ 13 www.egyptologues.net ¬ 14 LIV ¬ 15 ¬ 16 ¬ 17 Juillet - Décembre 2016 ¬ 18 ¬ 19 Le Caire - Paris 2016 ¬ 20 ¬ 21 ¬ 22 REVUE SEMESTRIELLE n° 54 ¬ 23 juillet / décembre 2016 ¬ 24 ¬ 25 ¬ 26 http://www.ifao.egnet.net ¬ 27 ¬ 28 philologie, histoire" ¬ 29 http://www.egyptologues.net ¬ 30 ¬ 31 ¬ 32 © Institut français d’archéologie ¬ 33 orientale. Le Caire. 2016 ¬ 34 © Collège de France. Paris. 2016 ¬ 35 ¬ 36 ISSN 1110-2489 ¬ 37 ¬ 38 ¬ 39 Système de translittération ¬ 40 des mots arabes ¬ 41 ¬ 42 consonnes voyelles ¬ 43 ¬ 44 ¬ 45 ..¬ 46 ¬ 47 ..¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 2/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

48 ¬ 49 ‘zq¬ 50 ¬ 51 ..¬ 52 ¬ 53 ..¬ 54 ¬ 55 bks¬ 56 ¬ 57 ..¬ 58 ¬ 59 ..¬ 60 ¬ 61 shlt¬ 62 ..¬ 63 ¬ 64 ..¬ 65 ¬ 66 thsm ¬ 67 ¬ 68 ..¬ 69 ¬ 70 ..¬ 71 ¬ 72 GDhn ¬ 73 ¬ 74 ¬ 75 ¬ 76 ..¬ 77 ¬ 78 ..¬ 79 ¬ 80 Ht¬ 81 ¬ 82 ..¬ 83 ¬ 84 ..¬ 85 ¬ 86 khz¬ 87 ¬ 88 ..¬ 89 ¬ 90 ..¬ 91 ¬ 92 D‘¬ 93 ¬ 94 ..¬ 95 ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 3/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

96 Zgh ¬ 97 ¬ 98 ..¬ 99 ¬ 100 fr¬ 101 .¬ 102 ¬ 103 ..¬ 104 ¬ 105 ..¬ 106 ¬ 107 ..¬ 108 ¬ 109 ..¬ 110 ¬ 111 ..¬ 112 ¬ 113 ..¬ 114 ¬ 115 ..¬ 116 ¬ 117 ..¬ 118 ¬ 119 ..¬ 120 ¬ 121 ¬ 122 ¬ 123 ¬ 124 SOMMAIRE ¬ 125 ¬ 126 SYSTÈME DE TRANSLITTÉRATION…………….…3 ¬ 127 ÉDITORIAL...... 5 ¬ 128 ¬ 129 SOMMAIRE...... 7 ¬ 130 ¬ 131 ¬ 132 I – JUILLET 2016 ¬ 133 SAMEDI2JUILLET2016...... 9 ¬ 134 DIMANCHE3JUILLET2016...... 9 ¬ 135 LUNDI4JUILLET2016...... 10 ¬ 136 SAMEDI9JUILLET2016...... 10 ¬ 137 DIMANCHE10JUILLET2016...... 10 ¬ 138 LUNDI11JUILLET2016...... 11 ¬ 139 MARDI12JUILLET2016...... 12 ¬ 140 MERCREDI13JUILLET2016...... 12 ¬ 141 JEUDI14JUILLET2016...... 13 ¬ 142 DIMANCHE17JUILLET2016...... 17 ¬ 143 LUNDI18JUILLET2016...... 19 ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 4/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

144 MARDI19JUILLET2016...... 19 ¬ 145 MERCREDI20JUILLET2016...... 20 ¬ 146 JEUDI21JUILLET2016...... 23 ¬ 147 SAMEDI23JUILLET2016...... 31 ¬ 148 LUNDI25JUILLET2016...... 32 ¬ 149 MARDI26JUILLET2016...... 32 ¬ 150 MERCREDI27JUILLET2016...... 33 ¬ 151 JEUDI28JUILLET2016...... 36 ¬ 152 SAMEDI30JUILLET2016...... 43 ¬ 153 DIMANCHE31JUILLET2016...... 43 ¬ 154 ¬ 155 ¬ 156 ¬ 157 I – AOÛT 2016 ¬ 158 LUNDI1ERAOÛT2016...... 45 ¬ 159 MERCREDI3AOÛT2016...... 45 ¬ 160 JEUDI4AOÛT2016...... 50 ¬ 161 VENDREDI5AOÛT2016...... 51 ¬ 162 SAMEDI6AOÛT2016...... 52 ¬ 163 LUNDI8AOÛT2016...... 52 ¬ 164 MERCREDI10AOÛT2016...... 53 ¬ 165 JEUDI11AOÛT2016...... 54 ¬ 166 VENDREDI12AOÛT2016...... 59 ¬ 167 DIMANCHE14AOÛT2016...... 59 ¬ 168 ¬ 169 VENDREDI19AOÛT2016...... 59 ¬ 170 MERCREDI24AOÛT2016...... 60 ¬ 171 JEUDI25AOÛT2016...... 62 ¬ 172 LUNDI ¬ 173 29AOÛT2016...... 65 ¬ 174 MERCREDI31AOÛT2016...... 65 ¬ 175 ¬ 176 ¬ 177 I – SEPTEMBRE 2016 ¬ 178 JEUDI1ERSEPTEMBRE2016...... 72 ¬ 179 SAMEDI3SEPTEMBRE2016...... 76 ¬ 180 DIMANCHE4SEPTEMBRE2016...... 77 ¬ 181 LUNDI5SEPTEMBRE2016...... 77 ¬ 182 MARDI6SEPTEMBRE2016...... 77 ¬ 183 MERCREDI7SEPTEMBRE2016...... 77 ¬ 184 JEUDI8SEPTEMBRE2016...... 81 ¬ 185 SAMEDI10SEPTEMBRE2016...... 85 ¬ 186 DIMANCHE11SEPTEMBRE2016...... 86 ¬ 187 MERCREDI14SEPTEMBRE2016...... 86 ¬ 188 VENDREDI16SEPTEMBRE2016...... 86 ¬ 189 SAMEDI17SEPTEMBRE2016...... 87 ¬ 190 LUNDI19SEPTEMBRE2016...... 87 ¬ 191 MARDI20SEPTEMBRE2016...... 88 ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 5/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

192 MERCREDI21SEPTEMBRE2016...... 88 ¬ 193 JEUDI22SEPTEMBRE2016...... 91 ¬ 194 VENDREDI23SEPTEMBRE2016...... 94 ¬ 195 DIMANCHE25SEPTEMBRE2016...... 95 ¬ 196 LUNDI26SEPTEMBRE2016...... 95 ¬ 197 MARDI27SEPTEMBRE2016...... 96 ¬ 198 JEUDI29SEPTEMBRE2016...... 97 ¬ 199 ¬ 200 ¬ 201 ¬ 202 ¬ 203 ¬ 204 I – OCTOBRE 2016 ¬ 205 DIMANCHE2OCTOBRE2016...... 101 ¬ 206 MERCREDI5OCTOBRE2016...... 101 ¬ 207 JEUDI6OCTOBRE2016...... 102 ¬ 208 VENDREDI7OCTOBRE2016...... 104 ¬ 209 DIMANCHE9OCTOBRE2016...... 104 ¬ 210 LUNDI10OCTOBRE2016...... 104 ¬ 211 MERCREDI12OCTOBRE2016...... 105 ¬ 212 JEUDI13OCTOBRE2016...... 108 ¬ 213 VENDREDI14OCTOBRE2016...... 110 ¬ 214 DIMANCHE16OCTOBRE2016...... 110 ¬ 215 MARDI18OCTOBRE ¬ 216 2016...... 111 ¬ 217 MERCREDI19OCTOBRE2016...... 112 ¬ 218 JEUDI20OCTOBRE2016...... 112 ¬ 219 VENDREDI21OCTOBRE2016...... 113 ¬ 220 LUNDI24OCTOBRE2016...... 115 ¬ 221 MARDI25OCTOBRE2016...... 115 ¬ 222 MERCREDI26OCTOBRE2016...... 116 ¬ 223 JEUDI27OCTOBRE2016...... 118 ¬ 224 LUNDI31OCTOBRE2016...... 122 ¬ 225 ¬ 226 ¬ 227 I – NOVEMBRE 2016 ¬ 228 MARDI1ERNOVEMBRE2016...... 123 ¬ 229 VENDREDI4NOVEMBRE2016...... 123 ¬ 230 MARDI8NOVEMBRE2016...... 123 ¬ 231 MERCREDI9NOVEMBRE2016...... 124 ¬ 232 JEUDI10NOVEMBRE2016...... 129 ¬ 233 DIMANCHE13NOVEMBRE2016...... 133 ¬ 234 LUNDI14NOVEMBRE2016...... 134 ¬ 235 MERCREDI16NOVEMBRE2016...... 134 ¬ 236 JEUDI17NOVEMBRE2016...... 136 ¬ 237 LUNDI21NOVEMBRE2016...... 137 ¬ 238 MARDI22NOVEMBRE2016...... 137 ¬ 239 ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 6/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

240 MERCREDI23NOVEMBRE2016...... 137 ¬ 241 JEUDI24NOVEMBRE2016...... 139 ¬ 242 DIMANCHE27NOVEMBRE2016...... 142 ¬ 243 LUNDI28NOVEMBRE2016...... 142 ¬ 244 MARDI29NOVEMBRE2016...... 142 ¬ 245 MERCREDI30NOVEMBRE2016...... 143 ¬ 246 ¬ 247 ¬ 248 ¬ 249 I – DÉCEMBRE 2016 ¬ 250 JEUDI1ERDÉCEMBRE2016...... 147 ¬ 251 DIMANCHE4DÉCEMBRE2016...... 151 ¬ 252 LUNDI5DÉCEMBRE2016...... 151 ¬ 253 MERCREDI7DÉCEMBRE2016...... 151 ¬ 254 JEUDI8DÉCEMBRE2016...... 154 ¬ 255 VENDREDI9DÉCEMBRE2016...... 158 ¬ 256 LUNDI12DÉCEMBRE2016...... 159 ¬ 257 MERCREDI14DÉCEMBRE2016...... 160 ¬ 258 JEUDI15DÉCEMBRE2016...... 161 ¬ 259 MARDI20DÉCEMBRE2016...... 166 ¬ 260 MERCREDI21DÉCEMBRE2016...... 166 ¬ 261 JEUDI22DÉCEMBRE2016...... 168 ¬ 262 DIMANCHE25DÉCEMBRE2016...... 171 ¬ 263 LUNDI26DÉCEMBRE2016...... 172 ¬ 264 MARDI27DÉCEMBRE2016...... 172 ¬ 265 JEUDI29DÉCEMBRE2016...... 173 ¬ 266 ¬ 267 WHO'WHO?...... 174 ¬ 268 ¬ 269 MINISTÈREDEL’ARCHÉOLOGIE...... 174 ¬ 270 MUSÉES...... 178 ¬ 271 UNIVERSITÉS...... 179 ¬ 272 POUVOIREXÉCUTIF...... 180 ¬ 273 DIVERS...... 180 ¬ 274 ¬ 275 INDEX...... 182 ¬ 276 ¬ 277 ¬ 278 ¬ 279 ¬ 280 ¬ 281 I – JUILLET 2016 ¬ 282 ¬ 283 ¬ 284 ¬ 285 One of the halls at Fârûq Corner, Hilwân ¬ 286 After five years of closure due to lax security in the aftermath of the … January 2011 Revolution, King Fârûq Corner in Hilwân is scheduled to open /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 7/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

286… within weeks, antiquities minister Khâlid al-‘Inânî announced on Saturday. … al-‘Inânî said “there is nothing standing in the way of the inauguration of … King Fârûq Corner.” “Labels would be put on every artefact and piece of … furniture while the gardens around would be developed to be used as an area … for seminars and cultural events with a cafeteria,” he added. ¬ 287 Fârûq Corner would be added to the “Hapi Nile Tour,” a trip launched by the … ministry two years ago connecting four archaeological sites located on the … Nile: The Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr, the Muhammad ‘Alî Palace in Manyal and … Mânistirlî Palace in al-Rawda Island. ¬ 288 The Corner was originally opened by King Fârûq, Egypt’s last monarch, in 1942 … to be a family rest house on the Nile in Hilwân, south of Cairo. It is a boat … shaped edifice with three floors and a basement containing the kitchen and … servants quarters. ¬ 289 The house itself is decorated on the inside with Pharaonic decorative elements … and furniture. A replica of Luxor and Karnak temples are also found on the … house’s balcony while three replica mummification beds are in the hall. … (Nevine El-Aref, “King Fârûq Corner to open soon in Egypt’s Hilwân”, Ahram … Online, July 2, 2016. Voir également Hiba ‘Âdil, « Le ministre de … l’Archéologie annonce l’inauguration du musée Ruqn Hilwân prochainement », … al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 3 juillet ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie … inaugure le musée Ruqn Hilwân après 5 ans de fermeture », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 31 … juillet). ¬ 290 ¬ 291 ¬ 292 Egypt’s antiquities ministry succeeded in recovering the stolen relief of King … Nectanebo II of the 30th dynasty that was smuggled out of Egypt over a decade … ago. Sha‘bân ‘Abd al-Gawwâd, the supervisor-general of the Antiquities … Recuperation Department, told Ahram Online that the object was stolen from a … temple in the Saqqâra necropolis during the 1990s. ¬ 293 The whereabouts of its location was not known until early last week when the … Antiquities Recuperation Department noticed the relief on the selling list of … an auction hall in Paris. ¬ 294 The ministry, ‘Abd al-Gawwâd continued, took all the necessary legal … procedures to stop the sale of the relief after proving its possession. The … Parisian hall halted the relief’s sale and withdrew it from the auction and … handed it over to the Egyptian embassy in Paris. ¬ 295 ‘Abd al-Gawwâd said that the relief will return to Egypt within weeks and … would be restored and put on display temporarily at the Egyptian Antiquities … Museum in Tahrîr until returning it to its original location in Saqqâra. ¬ 296 ‘Abd al-Gawwâd said the relief is carved in limestone and weighs 80 kilograms. … It depicts the lioness goddess Sekhmet who is adorned with the sun disk on top … of her head. The King Nectanebo II cartouche is also found beside Sekhmet. … (Nevine El-Aref, “A relief of King Nectanebo II recovered to Egypt from … Paris”, Ahram Online, July 3, 2016. Voir également “Egypt retrieves Pharaonic … stone tablet from France”, Egypt Independent, July 3 ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Le … ministère de l’Archéologie récupère une stèle en calcaire volée en France … depuis les années 1990 », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 3 juillet ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « Le … ministère de l’Archéologie récupère une stèle archéologique volée en France », /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 8/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

296… al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 3 juillet). ¬ 297 ¬ 298 ¬ 299 ¬ 300 The Egyptian embassy in London received on Monday eight wooden strips … belonging to the Tomb of the Abbasid Caliphs in Cairo. The strips were stolen … in 2012 during the security void that followed the January 25 revolution. ¬ 301 The Egyptian Antiquities Ministry discovered the pieces on a list of items up … for sale at the British auction house of Bonhams, London. The Ministry … contacted the concerned authorities to stop the auction and prove Egypt's … right to retrieve the artifacts. ¬ 302 The ministry located the strips by looking out for Egyptian antiquities on the … listings at famous international auction houses. On Sunday the ministry … announced a similar finding, that time of an ancient Egyptian stone tablet, at … a Parisian auction house found by monitoring the global auctions websites for … antiquities and their social media pages. ¬ 303 The Tomb of the Abbasid Caliphs lies next to the Mosque of Sayyida Nafîsa in … al-Khalîfa Street, Islamic Cairo. It was erected by the Abbasid caliph’s … Ambassador in Egypt, Abû Nâdya, in 1242. The Mamluk sultan, Baybars … al-Bunduqdârî, who re-established the Abbasid Caliphate in Egypt in 1261, … claimed the tomb for the burial of his two sons. ¬ 304 The tomb is famous for several notable features, as described by Caroline … WILLIAMS in the book, "Islamic Monuments in Cairo: The Practical Guide". As … WILLIAMS notes, the tomb’s shrine is preceded by a large courtyard with a … vaulted hall. On the outside, the tomb has many cusped and ribbed keel arches, … typical of buildings of that period. Inside the mausoleum can be seen the … cenotaphs of the sons of Baybars and children of Abbasid Caliphs and Abû … Nâdya. ¬ 305 The mihrâb of the tomb is designed on the Fatimid style using a niche that … dominates the sanctuary of the tomb, but is set apart by its detailed carving. … (MENA, “Egypt retrieves Abbasid artifacts from London auction house”, Egypt … Independent, July 4, 2016). ¬ 306 ¬ 307 La présidente du Fonds de développement culturel (CDF), Dr Nivîn al-Kîlânî, a … déclaré que les installations électriques et les systèmes d’alarme entravent … l’inauguration du palais ‘Â’isha Fahmî, situé à Zamâlik. Il s’agit de l’un des … projets culturels phares implantés sous l’égide du ministère de la Culture. Vu … sa valeur historique et architecturale, l’inauguration de ce palais … constituera un apport majeur. Le CDF supervise le projet de réaménagement de … ce palais inscrit sur la liste du patrimoine et placé sous la tutelle du … secteur des arts plastiques. (Basant Gamîl, « Nivîn al-Kîlânî : Les … installations électriques et les systèmes d’alarme entravent l’inauguration du … palais ‘Â’isha Fahmî », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 9 juillet 2016). ¬ 308 ¬ 309 ¬ 310 The ceiling of Rawer tomb ¬ 311 Gîza Plateau Director Ashraf Muhyî al-Dîn asserted to Ahram Online that the … tomb of the fifth dynasty official Rawer is in good condition and dismissed /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 9/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

311… claims that its ceiling had collapsed. Muhyî al-Dîn said that most of the … tomb’s walls and ceilings are not authentic, as the structure was in a partial … state of preservation when first discovered in 1929 by Egyptian Egyptologist … Silîm Hasan. ¬ 312 ¬ 313 ¬ 314 Most of the tomb’s walls and ceilings were later added as part of a … comprehensive conservation project in the 1990s. Two chapels were the only … intact parts of the tomb when it was initially discovered. The first chapel … includes of a number of engravings showing the deceased in different positions … alongside deities and family members, while the second holds a large statue of … the tomb’s owner. ¬ 315 Muhyî al-Dîn also dismissed claims that the ceiling of the tomb of Old Kingdom … government official Seshem Nefer at the Gîza Plateau has been painted in … plastic polish, describing the reports as unfounded and adding that the tomb … is in good condition. ¬ 316 Muhyî al-Dîn pointed out that only 40 percent of Seshem Nefer’s tomb is … authentic, which includes limestone pillars and wall engravings. The rest of … the tomb, including the walls and ceiling, is a replica added during the 1990s … plateau development project. ¬ 317 Muhyî al-Dîn asserted that both tombs would be officially inaugurated soon. … (Nevine El-Aref, “Old Kingdom tombs at Gîza Plateau in good condition: Plateau … director”, Ahram Online, July 10, 2016. Voir également Radwa Hâshim, « … Effondrement du plafond du mastaba de Rawer », al-Watan, 10 juillet ; Ahmad … Mansûr, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie nie l’effondrement du plafond du … mastaba de Rawer », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 10 juillet ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « Le CSA … affirme que le mastaba de Rawer est sain et sauf », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 10 … juillet ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le CSA confirme que la tombe de Rawer est … intacte », Sada al-Balad, 10 juillet ; Ahmad ‘Abd al-Halîm, « Le ministère de … l’Archéologie affirme que le mastaba de Rawer est sain et sauf », al-Shurûq, … 11 juillet ; « Le président du département des antiquités égyptiennes dément … l’effondrement du mastaba de Rawer », al-Dustûr, 11 juillet). ¬ 318 Le Musée Égyptien de Tahrîr, en collaboration avec le musée du palais Manyal, … organise mardi prochain un programme spécifique intitulé L’artisanat … patrimonial entre le passé et le présent. Cette initiative vise à rehausser la … conscience archéologique et à ressusciter l’artisanat patrimonial à travers … une série d’ateliers d’initiation à l’artisanat de l’Égypte ancienne à … l’époque islamique. Animés par des artisans contemporains, ces ateliers … passent en revue l’histoire de la céramique, du bois et de la peinture. Une … initiation aux écritures hiéroglyphique et arabe sera également proposée … alternativement entre les deux musées. (Ahmad Mansûr, « L’artisanat … patrimonial : programme conjoint entre le Musée Égyptien et le musée du palais … Manyal », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 10 juillet 2016). ¬ 319 ¬ 320 The Ministry of Antiquities began on Monday to install a new lighting system … inside and outside the Egyptian Museum in an attempt to expand its hours of … operation into the evening. The project is part of the ministry’s plan to keep … open a number of archaeological sites and museums into the evening and night. ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 10/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

321 Ilhâm Salâh, head of the ministry’s Museums Sector, described the project as … “very important,” as it would help return the museum its original glamour. The … old lighting system, she explained, is not suitable due to the museum’s … historical importance and treasured collections. Salâh told Ahram Online that … installing a new lighting system outside the museum is also crucial to the … ability of the Tourism and Antiquities Police to keep the museum, its guests, … and its collection safe at night. ¬ 322 Wa‘d Allah Abû al-‘Ilâ, head of the ministry’s Projects Sector, explains that … the project will cost EGP 2 million, a fee the Ministry of Tourism has offered … to cover. The project, he went on, includes the installation of new electric … cables as well as changing the lighting on paths both inside and outside the … museum. ¬ 323 Abû al-‘Ilâ asserted that some new lamps and cables were already installed … inside the museum, and the installation of equipment in the museum courtyard … started on Monday. (Nevine El-Aref, “New lighting system to offer expanded … Egyptian Museum hours”, Ahram Online, July 11, 2016. Voir également Ahmad … Mansûr, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie entérine un contrat de 1,6 millions … L.E. pour réaménager le Musée Égyptien », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 10 juillet ; Hiba … ‘Âdil, « Modification du système d’éclairage du Musée Égyptien en prévision de … son ouverture en nocturne », al-Ahrâm al.‘Arabî, 11 juillet ; ‘Alâ’ … al-Minyâwî, « 2 millions ¬ 324 L.E. pour moderniser le système d’éclairage du Musée Égyptien », Sada … al-Balad, 11 juillet). ¬ 325 ¬ 326 ¬ 327 ¬ 328 ¬ 329 Le président du département des projets, Wa‘d Abû al-‘Ilâ, a annoncé la … signature mardi dernier du contrat de réaménagement interne du musée Atonien. … D’un montant de 40 millions L.E., ce contrat englobe les travaux de peinture, … d’électricité, des vitrines d’exposition, du scénario muséologique, ainsi que … du landscape. L’inauguration du musée Atonien est prévue en 2017. (Ahmad … Mansûr, « 40 millions L.E. pour le réaménagement du musée Atonien », al-Yawm … al-Sâbi‘, 12 juillet 2016). ¬ 330 ¬ 331 ¬ 332 The photo that created the brouhaha ¬ 333 A photo captured at an entrance to the Egyptian Museum which showed a number … of golden objects on the dock of a truck has created brouhaha among Facebook … and Twitter, as some users claimed that the truck was improperly transporting … a collection of authentic artifacts. ¬ 334 “I am very happy of what had happened,” Ilhâm Salâh, Head of the Museums … Sector at the Ministry of Antiquities told Ahram Online, noting that the … objects seen in the photos were merely replicas of real artifacts that can be … found in the museum. Salâh asserted such an incident shows the efficient work … carried out by both Replicas Production Unit and its Art Reviving Department, … which are in charge of ministry replica production. ¬ 335 She added that the brief outrage over the incident also shows that modern /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 11/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

335… Egyptian artists have inherited the artistic skills of their ancestors, since … users on social media were unable to tell the difference. ¬ 336 Salâh said that the transported replicas are to be put on show for the first … time at the museum as the first cornerstone of a permanent, forthcoming … replica exhibition. Similar exhibitions are to be held in all museums and … archaeological sites around Egypt. ¬ 337 During the 15 days of the exhibition, Salâh pointed out, a discount of 20 … percent is to be offered on all replicas. (Nevine El-Aref, “Photo published on … social media creates brouhaha in archaeological spheres”, Ahram Online, July … 13, 2016. Voir également « Une archéologie révèle la vérité sur le transport … de statues pharaoniques sur un pickup », al-Wafd, 13 juillet ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « … Le CSA réagit aux photos de transfert de pièces antiques du Musée Égyptien », … al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 13 juillet). ¬ 338 Le ministre de l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al.‘Inânî, a pris la décision 393/2016 … concernant la promotion de certains cadres des unités portuaires à Damiette. … Il s’agit de : ¬ 339 — ¬ 340 Muhammad Muhammad ‘Alî ‘Uthmân, promu directeur général des unités … archéologiques des ports. ¬ 341 ¬ 342 — ¬ 343 Ahmad ‘Abdallah Bilâl, promu directeur général du Centre des unités … archéologiques de Damiette. ¬ 344 ¬ 345 — ¬ 346 Ahmad Mahfûz Ibrâhîm, promu directeur de l’unité archéologique du port de … Damiette. (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Promotions décidées par al.‘Inânî au sein des … unités archéologiques à Damiette », Sada al-Balad, 13 juillet 2016). ¬ 347 ¬ 348 ¬ 349 Egypt will submit a special application to the World Heritage Committee (WHC) … to list Pharaoh Island ¬ 350 ¬ 351 ¬ 352 in the town of Tâbâ in South Sinai, as a World Heritage Site next September, … Yâsmîn al-Shâzlî, General Supervisor of the International Organizations … Department at the Ministry of Antiquities, stated. The Pharaoh Island includes … of a fortress built by the Ayyubid Prince Salâh al-Dîn to protect the Islamic … Empire from the Crusades. ¬ 353 al-Shâzlî denies recent reports published in media about the Egypt’s failure … to submit the files during the annual meeting of the WHC, which opened on … Monday in Istanbul, instead asserting that the prescheduled date for the … delivery of the application is in September. al-Shâzlî added that the … International Organizations Department is working hard on the preparation of … other files to be submitted to the WHC in order to list other Egyptian sites, … like those in Alexandria — Kom al-Dikka, the Roman Theatre, the Pompey Pillar, … and underwater antiquities — as well as those in the Ptolemaic temples — … Dandara, Kom Ombo and Idfû — on the on the WHC’s list. ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 12/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

354 On Monday, the annual ten-day meeting of the WHC was inaugurated. Ahmad … ‘Ubayd, General Supervisor of the Technical Office of the Minister of … Antiquities and member of the Egyptian delegation explained that this session, … with the participation of delegations from various countries around the world, … is considered the most important global gathering that will discuss matters of … cultural heritage topics related to registered sites on the World Heritage … List (WHL). ¬ 355 He noted that there are seven Egyptian sites currently registered as World … Heritage Sites including Dayr Abû Mînâ, Historic Cairo, Saint Catherine, … Memphis, Nubia, ancient Thebes and Wâdî al-Hîtân in Fayyûm. ¬ 356 ‘Ubayd said that during the current session, the group will discuss adding the … Abû Mînâ Monastery as an endangered sites with the WHC. (Nevine El-Aref, … “Pharaoh Island to be listed as World Heritage Site in September”, Ahram … Online, July 13, 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministère de … l’Archéologie soumet le dossier de l’île Pharaon ¬ 357 à Tâbâ à l’Unesco », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 12 juillet). ¬ 358 ¬ 359 ¬ 360 Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî began his tenure in Prime Minister … Sharîf Ismâ‘îl’s second cabinet in March. His mission has been to solve the … ministry’s budgetary problems that have been likely to prevent suspended works … from being completed, whether the construction of new museums or the … development of existing ones. ¬ 361 Improving both the ministry’s infrastructure and personnel is another task, as … is working in collaboration with the ministries of tourism, civil aviation and … investment in order to provide the means to improve the infrastructure at … Egypt’s archaeological sites and tourist destinations, to encourage and … restore tourism, and to attract investment to the country. ¬ 362 Other pressing issues are the removal of encroachments on monuments or in … archaeological site buffer zones, something that occurred during the breakdown … of security after the 25 January Revolution, and the recovery of looted or … illegally smuggled artefacts, whether from illegal excavations or incidents in … the aftermath of the revolution. ¬ 363 Al-Ahram Weekly spoke to al-‘Inânî in his office decorated with replicas of … ancient Egyptian and Islamic art to find out how much he has achieved and what … challenges remain. ¬ 364 The walls are covered with ceramic gravures in foliage patterns. A replica of … the well-known ancient Egyptian painting of the Maydûm Geese decorates the … office entrance wall, while a large map of Egypt showing the country’s … archaeological sites is on the wall at the far end. The side tables are … decorated with replicas of the lion god Sekhmet, the justice goddess Maat, the … boy king Tutankhamun astride a panther and hunting on a papyrus skiff, and two … large replicas of Islamic vases painted with foliage motifs and geometrical … designs. ¬ 365 ¬ 366 ¬ 367 What are the challenges you have faced since taking up your post in March? ¬ 368 I have had six main challenges to deal with: the lack of budgetary resources; /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 13/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

368… the postponing of archaeological projects, especially in the museums sector; … the lack of highly qualified staff, especially in international law; the … encroachment on archaeological sites after the 2011 Revolution as well as … illegal excavations; problems from subterranean water at sites and the lack of … documentation of Egypt’s monuments; and finally weak infrastructure at … archaeological sites and museums and the lack of archaeological awareness … among the population as a whole. ¬ 369 What were the causes of the ministry’s budgetary problems? ¬ 370 The main problem goes back several years, as the ministry’s budget has been … mainly dependent on ticket fees from archaeological sites and museums all over … the country. There has been no investment policy to feed its annual budget. … This policy was sufficient earlier when the tourism industry in Egypt was … growing and the number of tourists had reached its peak. But with the decline … in tourism and the increase in the number of the ministry’s employees the … ministry has entered financial deadlock. ¬ 371 The ministry has lost around LE1 billion of its annual income, which decreased … to just LE275 million in 2015. Its debts since 2011 have reached almost LE6 … billion, as it has had to borrow from the ministry of finance in order to pay … its employees and for postponed projects. ¬ 372 Bazaars and cafeterias at archaeological sites and museums have closed their … doors because of the decline in tourism. This has meant that the ministry has … lost a good deal of its income. ¬ 373 How are you managing the ministry’s budgetary problems? ¬ 374 To help solve these problems, the ministry took decisions such as decreasing … the rental of bazaars by up to 70 per cent and cafeterias by up to 60 per cent … as well as offering facilities to franchise-holders to help them pay their … debts. The ministry has succeeded in recovering 40 per cent of its debts, … instead of zero per cent five years ago. Reopening the bazaars and cafeterias … has also provided job opportunities to youngsters, as well as providing … facilities to tourists at archaeological sites. ¬ 375 The ministry discounted its publications by 70 per cent until 2012, giving 25 … per cent reductions on those published after 2012. This is designed to … encourage reading among people in general and increase their archaeological … awareness. I have other ideas in mind in order to provide unconventional ways … of financing and I think that this could be achieved through planned … investment and management services at archaeological sites such as printing … the logos of organisations on the backs of tickets, finding sponsors to … organise exhibitions, and publishing ads on the ministry’s Website. ¬ 376 How will you complete the archaeological projects put on hold after the 2011 … Revolution? ¬ 377 When the ministry was in its heyday, it was thought a good idea to start … several archaeological projects at the same time because it had a sufficient … budget to finance and accomplish all of them at one time. Within the framework … of the country’s policy to raise the cultural and archaeological awareness of … Egyptian people towards their national heritage, whether tangible or … intangible, the ministry invested efforts in building national museums in … every governorate in Egypt and it started to build two major museums in Cairo … — the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) overlooking the Gîza Plateau and the /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 14/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

377… National Museum of Egyptian Civilisation (NMEC) on the ‘Ayn al-Sîra Lake. … Several development and restoration projects at archaeological sites such as … the Gîza Plateau Development Project and the al-Gamâliyya restoration projects … in Islamic Cairo were also started. ¬ 378 However, after the revolution the scene was different. All these projects were … put on hold, and some of them have been deteriorating. These problems are in … direct relation with the budgetary problems, and when the appropriate funds … are available all these projects will be resumed. With the help of the … government a soft opening of the GEM is to be held at the end of 2017. This … includes the inauguration of the staircase hall that puts on display the … Ramses II colossi and other gigantic statues and the halls exhibiting the … Tutankhamun collection. ¬ 379 The ministry has not decreased the budget of the GEM, but it has been trying … hard to decrease costs by, for example, buying local materials instead of … imported ones if they still meet requirements. The planned design of the GEM … will not be changed as has been rumoured. The government has been helping in … the construction of the GEM, and measures are in place in order to borrow $482 … million to complete it. ¬ 380 ¬ 381 ¬ 382 As for the NMEC, work is underway to inaugurate the temporary exhibition hall … in October, which will put on show artefacts from the Museum’s permanent … collection and change every three months. ¬ 383 The ministry is also working on 39 projects in Islamic Cairo with a budget of … LE600 million. The Gîza Plateau Development Project is going ahead as the … Ministry of Tourism is to provide the required budget of LE51 million very … soon. Still waiting on the list are 20 restoration projects in Islamic … antiquities, 10 development projects in the ancient Egypt section, and more … than 20 regional museums that are under construction. ¬ 384 What kinds of challenges have there been to archaeological work? ¬ 385 These have mostly been in the registration and documentation of antiquities. … But we have first to differentiate between these things. Registration means … making sure that antiquities are properly recorded, whereas documentation … means photographing the artefacts and describing every inch of them on paper … and digitally. All artefacts are registered, but not all of them are … documented. ¬ 386 The increases in encroachments on archaeological sites have had negative … impacts on the monuments, and there have been increases in illegal … excavations. The high level of subterranean water and the growth of grass at … several sites require intervention. ¬ 387 I have also been working on the issue of antiquities repatriation. Last week … in collaboration with the Tourism and Antiquities Police and the Gîza … Governorate, the ministry succeeded in removing 23 encroachments on … archaeological sites in Dahshûr. ¬ 388 What kind of staff does the ministry lack? ¬ 389 I sympathise with all the ministry’s employees. Since 2011 they have been … under enormous pressure due to decreases in their salaries and other issues. … They have also had to work under extremely difficult conditions, and they have /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 15/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

389… been subjected to blame and criticisms. ¬ 390 The ministry’s staff can be placed in three categories. The first one hardly … exists at the moment and includes experts in international law, marketing and … financial resources development. These people are required to deal with … antiquities repatriation issues and negotiations or signing contracts with … international museums or scientific institutions. Although some of the … ministry’s staff has been exerting efforts to fill the gap, the ministry still … needs more people with these skills. ¬ 391 The second category is insufficient and includes engineers, technical experts, … and security personal. The third category includes other personnel. In … general, there is a need across the board for more training and development of … skills. ¬ 392 To solve part of the problem I reconvened the National Committee for the … Repatriation of Stolen and Smuggled Antiquities (NCRSSA), which held its first … meeting last month since 2010. The Committee will draw up a strategy to … repatriate all artefacts that have been stolen and illegally smuggled out of … the country and to guarantee the protection of Egypt’s cultural and … antiquities heritage. ¬ 393 What improvements do you have in mind to the infrastructure of archaeological … sites? ¬ 394 Infrastructure means security measures, monitoring cameras, lighting systems, … signboards, guidebooks and raising archaeological awareness among the … country’s population. A private or public-sector company could be contracted … to help manage the services provided at archaeological sites and museums … across Egypt, including shops, cafeterias and restaurants. I would also like … to see a new production unit to make and sell replicas of ancient items. The … company concerned should upgrade the level of services provided, which in turn … would increase the ministry’s income. ¬ 395 One of the prime minister’s directives to you is to work in collaboration with … other ministries. How are you doing this? ¬ 396 The Ministry of Antiquities is working in collaboration with several … ministries, such as the Ministry of Tourism, in upgrading services at … archaeological sites such as at the Gîza Plateau Development Project. It also … works with the Ministry of Civil Aviation to develop a documentary for … screening on EgyptAir flights. ¬ 397 ¬ 398 ¬ 399 Horus, the EgyptAir magazine, is also to be developed in order to promote … tourism to Egypt. ¬ 400 I have asked the minister of civil aviation to provide halls within every … airport in Egypt to be used as small museums like the one recently inaugurated … at the Cairo International Airport. A unit to sell the ministry’s books and … replicas is to be provided in every such hall. Sharm al-Shaykh and Hurghada … Airports will be the first to host such museums for the benefit of transit … passengers. We have selected the halls and are waiting for the architectural … designs in order to convert them into museums. ¬ 401 I have also written to the minister of culture so that Ministry of Antiquities … documentaries on archaeological sites can be posted on the ministry’s planned /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 16/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

401… Website and Facebook pages. In the holy month of Ramadan I opened all … archaeological sites free of charge to the Ministry of Culture so that it … could organise its Ramadan festival and events. ¬ 402 How will you raise popular archaeological awareness? ¬ 403 Raising archaeological awareness, especially among children, is one of my top … priorities in order to nourish children’s loyalty towards their country, … Egypt. Such awareness can be achieved through opening all archaeological sites … and museums in Egypt free of charge to Egyptian pupils. A curator could guide … them around the museum halls and sections of archaeological sites in order to … explain how the ancient Egyptians built Egypt’s civilisation. ¬ 404 I have talked to the minister of education about such a project, and he has … sent an official circular to all schools in order to encourage excursions to … museums and sites. A number of schools have attended such programmes at the … Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr Square in Cairo. ¬ 405 What are you doing to document Jewish sites in Egypt? ¬ 406 I issued a ministerial decree in May to establish an inventory of all the … Jewish sites in Egypt and to document them. I am the first minister to do … this. ¬ 407 What other decisions have been taken? ¬ 408 The holding of wedding parties in necropolises like the Gîza Plateau, the … Qâytbây fortress in Alexandria and the Salâh al-Dîn Citadel in Cairo has been … prohibited. They can be held in gardens, as they are in other countries … worldwide. According to the new regulations, weddings can be held in the … gardens of palaces for a fee ranging between LE50,000 to LE60,000 depending on … the site. I am also promoting palaces that could be suitable for holding other … events, such as conferences and dinners, to be used instead of holding such … events in hotels. Information on this programme will be distributed to … government and other organisations. ¬ 409 Do you plan changes in ministry officials? ¬ 410 There have been some changes. When I took office I realised that some … qualified officials were responsible for two or more jobs, while others, also … qualified, had little to do. I made changes in order to make sure every … official in the ministry was responsible for his or her proper field. (Nevine … El-Aref, “Challenges for antiquities”, Al-Ahram Weekly, July 14, 2016. Voir … également Ranâ Guhar, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie : Nous avons besoin de … 1,4 milliards L.E. pour poursuivre les projets gelés », al-Ahrâm, 13 juillet ; … ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie affronte 6 défis », Sada … al-Balad, 17 juillet). ¬ 411 ¬ 412 A part of khufu’s papyri ¬ 413 The Papyri of Khufu from Wâdî al-Garf, a temporary exhibition at the Egyptian … Museum in Tahrîr, showcases for the first time the cache of papyri unearthed … in 2013 in Wâdî al-Garf, 119 km from Suez. The discovery was made by a … Franco-Egyptian mission led by Egyptologists Pierre TALLET and Sayyid Mahfûz. ¬ 414 “It is among the most significant papyri collections ever to be found,” … Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî told Al-Ahram Weekly. “It is only … because of the cache that we now know the reign of the Old Dynasty King Khufu … lasted 26 years.” ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 17/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

415 The collection is the earliest example of Egyptian writing to be discovered. … It predates both the Fifth Dynasty Abûsîr Papyri and the Fourth Dynasty … al-Gabalayn. ¬ 416 ¬ 417 ¬ 418 The papyri, which mostly comprise accounts for commodities delivered monthly … to a team of workers from across the Nile Delta, testify to the sophistication … of the central administration under the Old Dynasty. ¬ 419 According to al-Husayn ‘Abd al-Basîr, head of the Department of Scientific … Publications, one of the most important documents belonged to a middle ranking … official, Merer, who oversaw a team of sailors. Merer kept a diary in which he … daily noted details of the work of his crew as they transported limestone … blocks from the quarries of Tura, on the east bank of the Nile, to the Gîza … Plateau for the construction of King Khufu’s Great Pyramid, a journey that … took between two and three days. ¬ 420 The Papyri of Khufu from Wâdî al-Garf is accompanied by two smaller displays. … The first includes replicas of ancient Egyptian artefacts produced by the … Ministry of Antiquities; the second comprises the Ministry’s publications. ¬ 421 Visitors will receive a discount of 20 per cent on replica purchases, 75 per … cent on pre.2011 publications and 20 per cent on more recent titles. The … exhibition continues for 15 days. (Nevine El-Aref, “Pyramid accounts”, … Al-Ahram Weekly, July 14, 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Les papyrus de … Chéops exposés pour la première fois au Musée Égyptien », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 11 … juillet ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « Pour la première fois, exposition de quelques … fragments des papyrus de Chéops demain au Musée Égyptien », al-Ahrâm … al.‘Arabî, 13 juillet ; Nevine El-Aref, “Khufu papyri on show at Egyptian … Museum Thursday”, Ahram Online, July 13 ; Ahmad ‘Abd al-Halîm, « Pour la … première fois, exposition de quelques fragments des papyrus de Chéops … découverts à Wâdî al-Garf », al-Shurûq, 14 juillet ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « … Quelques fragments des papyrus de Chéops exposés au Musée Égyptien pour la … première fois», Sada al-Balad, 14 juillet). ¬ 422 ¬ 423 Le ministre de l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al.‘Inânî, a déploré que l’Égypte ait … cessé d’organiser des expositions archéologiques à l’étranger depuis la … révolution du 25 janvier 2011. Cette désertion de la scène internationale a … incité les pays, les institutions et les musées du monde à s’échanger leurs … collections égyptiennes pour organiser des expositions. Ce procédé d’échange … quasi gratuit leur est favorable, alors que l’Égypte leur impose des frais … faramineux, des assurances, l’accueil d’une délégation, etc. ¬ 424 La décision de l’ancien ministre de l’Archéologie, Dr Mamdûh al-Damâtî, de … renouer avec les expositions à l’étranger visait à redonner à l’Égypte une … visibilité. al-‘Inânî a souligné les efforts déployés par l’Égypte pour … organiser des expositions dans les grandes capitales. Le compromis consiste à … ne pas envoyer des pièces archéologiques rares, tout en en engrangeant le … maximum de revenus. ¬ 425 L’Égypte a reconsidéré sa politique d’organisation des expositions à … l’étranger, en exigeant un pourcentage sur la vente des billets, des répliques … archéologiques et des autres produits dérivés. (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 18/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

425… ministre de l’Archéologie : Il faut reconsidérer la politique d’organisation … des expositions à l’étranger », Sada al-Balad, 17 juillet 2016). ¬ 426 Le ministre de l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al.‘Inânî, a été récemment la cible de … critiques à cause de la réapparition sur le devant de la scène de ses deux … prédécesseurs, Zâhî Hawwâs et Mamdûh al-Damâtî. L’implication de ces deux … derniers dans les activités menées actuellement par le ministère de … l’Archéologie a été interprétée comme s’ils continuaient de tirer les ficelles … des marionnettes, cachés derrière un rideau. ¬ 427 Pour al-‘Inânî, le recours à Hawwâs se justifie par son expérience … scientifique, notamment dans le domaine des pyramides. Quant à al-Damâtî, son … avis compte dans la poursuite de tous les chantiers initiés par lui-même … lorsqu’il était ministre de l’Archéologie. ¬ 428 « Je suis chercheur avant d’être ministre », confie al-‘Inânî. « Je communique … avec Hawwâs et al-Damâtî tout comme je communique avec Dr Muhammad Ibrâhîm, … ex-ministre de l’Archéologie, et tous les autres. Il m’importe de recueillir … tous les points de vue. Recourir à Hawwâs et al-Damâtî ne signifie nullement … que c’est eux qui gèrent les affaires à ma place. Je mets à profit les … relations internationales de Hawwâs, notamment dans la restitution des … antiquités volées à l’étranger. D’une façon générale, je veille toujours à … associer mes prédécesseurs aux travaux et célébrations, par respect pour eux … ». (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie : Je gère mon ministère à … la façon d’édifier le temple de Karnak », Sada al-Balad, 17 juillet 2016). ¬ 429 ¬ 430 ¬ 431 To overcome declining tourism revenues, the Ministry of Antiquities launched … its first exhibition for high-quality replicas. The opening of the exhibition … at the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr Square on 14 July saw many ambassadors and … cultural counsellors from a number of African, Asian, and European countries … in attendance. One of the highlights of this exhibition is King Khufu’s rare … papyrus collection, which was discovered two years ago but has only just been … revealed to the public. ¬ 432 “The goal of this project is to create alternative financial resources to … replace the tourism sector’s declining revenues, which have dropped to less … than EGP 250m from EGP 1.25bn before the 25 January Revolution,” said … supervisor for the scientific publication administration at the Ministry of … Antiquities Husayn ‘Abd al-Basîr. ¬ 433 ¬ 434 According to the latest records of the Central Agency for Public Mobilisation … and Statistics (CAPMAS), the number of tourists decreased from 834,600 … tourists in March 2015 down to 440,700 in March 2016. ¬ 435 “This step will also help raise people’s awareness about Egyptian archaeology … and the unique antiquities we display in our museums. We used to have a gift … shop with some replicas of the original monuments, but it shut down following … the attack on the Egyptian Museum on 28 January 2011,” he added. ¬ 436 The ancient Egyptian art revival centre and the replica production unit have … been working on producing a large number of high-quality replicas for several … years, such as copying the antique collection found in Tutankhamun’s tomb. The … ministry has also published a large number of archaeological books since 2011 /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 19/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

436… that will be sold at reasonable prices at the exhibition. ¬ 437 “Unlike other ministries, the Ministry of Antiquities relies on self-funding. … This includes profits from ticket sales and books in the museums and cafes at … archaeological sites. Under supervision of the minister, Khâlid al.‘Inânî, we … are trying to come up with innovative ideas in order to fund our different … institutions,” ‘Abd al-Basîr said. ¬ 438 The first day of the exhibition was incredibly successful. “The exhibition has … already managed to attract a large number of people because it sells different … pieces at reasonable, competitive prices compared to private shops found in … Khân al-Khalîlî,” he said. ¬ 439 From 14 July to 29 August, the permanent exhibition is offering an extra 20% … discount on all replicas. ¬ 440 This is not the ministry’s only plan for increasing tourism revenues in Egypt. … “We intend to hold more international exhibitions to showcase original … antiquities in Japan and England. We also have other plans to renew the cafes … and restaurants in the pyramids area and establish new shops and cinemas in … the museum of civilisation,” he said. ¬ 441 A photo, taken by the backdoor of the museum showing a number of golden … replicas on the back of a truck, raised waves of rage and discontent among … social media users who accused the ministry of “mistreating the original … pieces”. To clarify the misunderstanding, the official Facebook page of the … ministry posted the picture with a statement explaining that what was seen … were replicas. ¬ 442 In this post, the head of the Museums Section at the Ministry of Antiquities, … Ilhâm Salâh, described the incident as “wonderful” because it shows the … efficient work carried out by both the Replicas Production Unit and Art … Reviving Department. She said this shows that modern Egyptian artists have … inherited the artistic skills of their ancestors. ¬ 443 Exhibiting King Khufu’s papyrus would be a great addition to the Egyptian … museum. They were discovered in al-Garf area in 2013 by an Egyptian mission … that had been working there since 2011. ¬ 444 “These papyruses are a great discovery as they document the incidents of the … daily lives of workers who were building the largest pyramid. This also proves … that Egyptians are the original creators of the pyramids, unlike the claims of … some historians,” ‘Abd al-Basîr explained. ¬ 445 ¬ 446 ¬ 447 More than 20,000 workers participated in building this pyramid. This discovery … proves that the Egyptian pyramids are not only an architectural miracle but … also a great administrative miracle. These rare pieces will be also used for … promoting tourism and attracting more archaeologists to Egypt. ¬ 448 Another main objective of the ministry is promoting domestic tourism and … urging more Egyptians to visit museums. “We do not need to solely depend on … foreign tourists. Grabbing the attention of the Egyptian and Arab tourists … also will help revive the tourism sector for a while,” he concluded. (Rana … Khaled, “Ministry of Antiquities launches first permanent exhibition for … replicas”, Daily News Egypt, July 17, 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le … ministère de l’Archéologie inaugure une exposition de ses publications /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 20/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

448… scientifiques et archéologiques », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 10 juillet ; Hiba ‘Âdil, … « Le ministère de l’Archéologie inaugure au Musée Égyptien la première … exposition de répliques archéologiques », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 14 juillet). ¬ 449 ¬ 450 During his visit to Egypt, Deputy Director General and Head of the Department … of Technical Cooperation Dazhu YANG paid a visit Monday evening to the Grand … Egyptian Museum (GEM) and the Gîza Plateau. ¬ 451 YANG was guided by Târiq Tawfîq, General Supervisor of the GEM, during his … visit to the museum’s wooden artefact laboratories and a number of the … Tutankhamun collection exhibits that were transported to GEM for restoration. … YANG was very happy with the efficient work carried out in the labs and … described the Egyptian restoration technicians as “skilful”. ¬ 452 Tawfîq also led YANG on a tour of GEM construction work and explained the … museum’s different construction phases, which began in 2002 and are still … presently underway. YANG then toured the Gîza plateau, where he visited … Khufu’s Pyramid and the Sphinx. (Nevine El-Aref, “Director of Technical … Cooperation visits Egyptian Museum, Gîza plateau”, Ahram Online, July 18, … 2016. Voir également ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Achèvement fin 2016 des gros œuvres … du GEM », Sada al-Balad, 1er novembre). ¬ 453 Le Comité permanent, présidé par le secrétaire général du CSA, Dr Mustafa … Amîn, a approuvé le remplacement des vitres ordinaires du Musée Égyptien de … Tahrîr par un vitrage anti solaire, en plus de l’installation de rideaux. … Cette mesure est destinée à mieux protéger les pièces antiques exposées dans … la salle 14 au ¬ 454 1er ¬ 455 étage. De son côté, le président du département des projets, Wa‘d Abû al-‘Ilâ, … a estimé à environ 1 million L.E. le coût de cette opération. (Ahmad Mansûr, « … Installation d’un vitrage anti solaire au Musée Égyptien », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, … 18 juillet 2016). ¬ 456 ¬ 457 ¬ 458 Lifting up the beams ¬ 459 An Egyptian-Japanese archaeological team has removed Tuesday a collection of … 12 wooden beams from the pit of Khufu’s second solar boat in order to send … them to the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) on the Gîza Plateau for restoration. ¬ 460 ‘Îsa Zaydân, restoration director at the GEM, told Ahram Online that over the … next two days the team is scheduling to remove a collection of 30 wooden beams … from the pit. Before its transportation to the GEM, these beams would be … subjected in situ to preliminary restoration work and documentation via 3D … scans. ¬ 461 Zaydân explains that presently a collection of 685 wooden beams have been … removed from the pit; 645 of the beams have been preliminarily restored in … situ, and 389 of them have been transported to the GEM. ¬ 462 ¬ 463 ¬ 464 The Khufu boats were discovered inside two separate pits in 1954 when Egyptian … archaeologists Kamâl al-Mallâkh and Zakî Nûr were carrying out routine … cleaning on the southern side of the Great Pyramid of Gîza. ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 21/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

465 The second boat remained sealed in the neighbouring pit until 1987 when it was … examined by the American National Geographic Society in association with the … Egyptian Office for Historical Monuments. ¬ 466 In 2009, a Japanese scientific and archaeological team from Waseda University … headed by Sakuji YOSHIMURA offered to remove the boat from the pit, restore … and reassemble it and put it on show to the public. ¬ 467 The team cleaned the pit of insects and inserted a camera through a hole in … the chamber’s limestone ceiling in order to examine the boat’s condition and … determine appropriate methods of restoration. (Nevine El-Aref, “Beams of … Khufu’s second solar boat transported to Egyptian Museum”, Ahram Online, July … 19, 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Retrait de nouvelles planches de la … deuxième barque de Chéops en vue de leur exposition au GEM », al-Yawm … al-Sâbi‘, 19 juillet ; Ahmad ‘Abd al-Halîm, « Retrait des planches de la 8e … strate de la deuxième barque de Chéops », al-Shurûq, 19 juillet). ¬ 468 ¬ 469 Egyptian restorers were face-to-face Wednesday with an alabaster seated statue … of King Menkawre at the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr in an attempt to pack it for … transportation to the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) overlooking Gîza plateau. ¬ 470 Târiq Tawfîq, GEM Supervisor General, told Ahram Online that the statue is … safe and was undamaged during packing as rumoured. The statue, he continued, … has been in very poor condition since it was discovered in 1908 at Menkawre’s … Valley Temple in Gîza Plateau. The statue was suffering from cracks and was … incorrectly restored when first discovered. ¬ 471 Tawfîq said that the first individuals who attempted to restore the statue … used gypsum and cement, which had negative impact on the statue. Recently, he … continued, employees at the Tahrîr museum consolidated and packed the statue … before its voyage to the GEM, where employees would repair the statue and … restore it correctly. “The statue is safe and in the same condition as it has … always been in,” Tawfîq asserted. ¬ 472 ¬ 473 The statue during packing ¬ 474 ‘Îsa Zaydân, director of GEM restorations, told Ahram Online that the packing … procedures were carried out according to the latest techniques by … consolidating the statue weak points with state-of-the-art Japanese paper … called Tshou and covering it with cotton pillows which are in turn covered … with the Tshou. ¬ 475 Zaydân explains that the statue was also covered with a special kind of … textile and cotton before it was consolidated with wooden beams padded with … foam. Safety belts were also put around the statue with a special design named … L-Shape. The statue arrived safely at the GEM and it will be subjected to … comprehensive restoration in order to prepare it to its permanent exhibition … at the GEM. ¬ 476 The statue is depicting King Menkawre seated on the thrown with his royal … skirt and crown decorated with the copra. His hand is on his feet. (Nevine … El-Aref, “Previously-damaged Menkawre statue arrives safely at GEM”, Ahram … Online, July 20, 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Arrivée de la statue de … Mykérinos au GEM », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 18 juillet ; MENA, « Le GEM reçoit la … statue de Mykérinos en vue de sa restauration », al-Dustûr, 18 juillet ; ‘Alâ’ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 22/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

476… al-Minyâwî, « La statue de Mykérinos arrive au GEM pour y être restaurée », … Sada al-Balad, 18 juillet ; Muhammad ‘Abd al-Mu‘tî, « Le GEM accueille … aujourd’hui la statue de Mykérinos », al-Ahrâm, 20 juillet). ¬ 477 ¬ 478 ¬ 479 ¬ 480 Ruey-Lin Chang, docteur en sciences de ¬ 481 l’Antiquité et papyrologue, explique les ¬ 482 plus récentes techniques papyrologiques. ¬ 483 Al-Ahram Hebdo : Quelle est la genèse de la papyrologie dans le monde et son … évolution ? ¬ 484 Ruey-Lin CHANG : La papyrologie en tant que discipline scientifique à … mi-chemin entre l’archéologie, l’histoire ancienne et la philologie, est née … pendant le dernier quart du XIXe siècle. Les papyri et d’autres supports … d’écriture portables ont commencé alors à être considérés comme un ensemble … cohérent sur les plans chronologique et géographique. Et sont devenus la base … d’une investigation scientifique. Le recoupement des informations de ces … documents nous permet d’approfondir nos connaissances sur l’histoire ancienne … de l’Égypte. De plus, le déchiffrement de ces manuscrits anciens contribue … grandement au progrès de notre étude de la paléographie, à savoir l’évolution … de l’écriture et sa mise en forme technique. Depuis les années 1990, la … papyrologie se numérise intensément, et on dispose maintenant d’outils en … ligne performants qui améliorent les performances des chercheurs. La … papyrologie grecque a fait preuve d’une remarquable organisation. Sa … méthodologie a été empruntée par la suite par des spécialistes qui travaillent … sur des papyri en démotique, copte et arabe. La direction actuelle de la … recherche est profondément marquée par ce multilinguisme, mais la … documentation grecque domine toujours, en termes de quantité et de qualité de … leurs publications. ¬ 485 La papyrologie cherche en même temps à étendre son impact sur l’étude … géographique et institutionnelle des mondes gréco-romain, byzantin et … islamique. Depuis les années 1980, l’histoire égyptienne se débarrasse … progressivement de son image de cas particulier et quelque peu exotique pour … intégrer l’histoire du Grand Orient de la même façon que les autres grandes … civilisations. La papyrologie aujourd’hui s’ouvre à d’autres disciplines, et … mêle par exemple les faits archéologiques et études papyrologiques. ¬ 486 — ¬ 487 Avant l’utilisation des papyri, sur quoi écrivaient les Égyptiens ? ¬ 488 ¬ 489 — ¬ 490 Je ne sais pas, et je ne peux qu’imaginer, comme tout le monde. D’ailleurs, … cette question ne se pose pas seulement pour les Égyptiens, mais pour toutes … les grandes civilisations. L’écriture se faisait peut-être alors sur du bois, … des poteries, du textile ou de l’argile. Mais, à mon avis, tenter de remonter … aux origines du monde sans d’autres bases que son imagination peut nous faire … tomber dans une spéculation stérile. ¬ 491 ¬ 492 — ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 23/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

493 Comment la technique de la fabrication des papyri a-t-elle pu être découverte … ? Et quand ? ¬ 494 ¬ 495 — ¬ 496 Nos connaissances sur la fabrication des papyri antiques sont dans une large … mesure fondées sur les renseignements de Pline l’Ancien (Ier siècle av. J.-C.) … dans son Histoire naturelle. Au XXe siècle, les tentatives de reproduction se … sont multipliées, notamment celles de Hasan Ragab. Un diagramme extrait d’un … dépliant du Musée du papyrus de la Bibliothèque nationale autrichienne à … Vienne nous donne quelques détails à cet égard. Néanmoins, on n’a jamais pu « … découvrir » la technique complète. Nous essayons encore aujourd’hui de la … reconstituer. ¬ 497 ¬ 498 — ¬ 499 Quels sont les plus importants papyri qui existent dans le monde ? ¬ 500 ¬ 501 — ¬ 502 Je crois qu’il faut en premier lieu citer un long rouleau de papyrus grec … conservé au British Museum, datant de la fin du Ier siècle apr. J.-C. et … restauré à la fin du XIXe siècle. On dit qu’il a été trouvé à Meir, mais sa … provenance est sans doute Hermopolis/al-Ashmûnayn. Il porte sur son recto un … registre de comptes privés concernant les recettes et les dépenses d’un … domaine agricole, et sur son verso, un ouvrage jusqu’alors perdu d’ARISTOTE : … Constitution des Athéniens ! Pour moi, c’est sans doute la découverte la plus … sensationnelle de tous les temps. Il y a également de nombreux papyri de … renom, mais ils sont majoritairement littéraires. Non moins sensationnels sont … les imposants papyri documentaires, tels que le codex fiscal d’Hermopolis de … l’époque byzantine édité par Jean GASCOU, le plus volumineux codex conservé de … l’Antiquité, et les trois rouleaux ¬ 503 ¬ 504 ¬ 505 ¬ 506 ¬ 507 fiscaux d’Hermopolis de l’époque romaine édités par moi-même et publiés à … l’Ifao. Il faut aussi noter que l’importance des papyri ne réside pas dans une … seule pièce, mais dans un ensemble de documents rassemblés autour de quelques … personnages centraux. Les papyri ont fait l’objet d’un archivage dans … l’Antiquité, mais de nos jours, ils sont dispersés dans plusieurs collections. … Citons les archives de Dioscore d’Aphrodite étudiées par Jean-Luc FOURNET, les … archives du stratège de l’Heptacomie Apollonios en cours d’étude par Thomas … KRUSE et les archives de l’Anystès Chénouté éditées par Federico MORELLI. ¬ 508 — ¬ 509 Comment pouvez-vous reconstituer, lire et identifier la date des anciens … papyri ? Quelle est la phase la plus difficile ? ¬ 510 ¬ 511 — ¬ 512 Quand le texte est explicitement daté par le scripteur, nous avons la date … sous les yeux. Mais encore faut-il bien connaître le système chronologique, ce /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 24/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

512… qui n’est pas toujours une mince affaire. Quant aux autres textes non datés … antiquement, il faut jouer avec différents critères : paléographiques, … prosopographiques (les personnages mentionnés et leurs carrières mentionnées … ailleurs), institutionnels (par exemple la mention d’une loi qui n’est plus … pratiquée à telle ou telle date), etc. La phase la plus difficile est toujours … le dernier moment, c’est-à-dire le moment où je me rends compte qu’il y a … toujours des lettres ou des mots qui échappent encore à ma lecture. Souvent … avec un certain recul, j’arrive à résoudre le problème. C’est la tâche … essentielle d’un papyrologue : observer, déchiffrer et lire. Si on ne peut pas … lire correctement, cela signifie que l’édition de ce papyrus n’est pas prête. … (Dalia Farouq, « Ruey-Lin CHANG : La tâche du papyrologue est d’observer, de … déchiffrer et de lire », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 20 juillet 2016). ¬ 513 ¬ 514 ¬ 515 Former minister of antiquities Zâhî Hawwâs received the Dominican Republic … Cultural Award yesterday from the Dominican Republic’s minister of culture … Jose ANTONIO in a special event held in honour of Hawwâs. ANTONIO gave Hawwâs … the award for his efforts to protect and preserve Egyptian heritage, whether … locally and internationally. ¬ 516 The Dominican minister asked Hawwâs to help the Dominican Republic to recover … stolen artefacts that currently reside in Turin University in Italy as the … former Egyptian minister once helped Peru in repatriating 100 artefacts from … Hill University in the United States. ¬ 517 ¬ 518 Hawwâs with DE FERNANDEZ ¬ 519 A 50-minute-long documentary on the Egyptian-Dominican excavation mission for … the search for Cleopatra’s tomb at Taposiris Magna was screened at a renowned … cinema in the Dominican capital Santo Domingo. ¬ 520 Hawwâs announced that the mission, led by Kathleen MARTINEZ, conducted a radar … survey inside the Taposiris Magna temple in search of Cleopatra’s tomb at a … depth of 500 km, noting that the results would be announced soon. ¬ 521 During his Dominican tour, Hawwâs met Margarita Cedeno DE FERNANDEZ, vice … president of the Dominican Republic, and asked her to support Egypt’s … candidate for the post of director-general of the United Nations Educational … Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Mushîra Khattâb. DE FERNANDEZ … accepted the request and promised Hawwâs to discuss it officially with the … Dominican minister of foreign affairs. This was not Hawwâs’ first meeting with … DE FERNANDEZ. The duo first met in 2009 with late artist Omar Sherif when DE … FERNANDEZ’s husband was the president of the Dominican Republic. ¬ 522 Hawwâs asked the vice president to gather a group of 500 pioneer students … every year to meet with prominent international figures in hopes that the … students could benefit from such experiences. DE FERNANDEZ agreed on such an … idea and invited Hawwâs to be the first to meet the students. (Nevine El-Aref, … “Former minister Hawwâs receives cultural award in Dominican Republic”, Ahram … Online, July 20, 2016). ¬ 523 ¬ 524 ¬ 525 ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 25/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

526 ¬ 527 With the decline of the tourism industry in Egypt in the aftermath of the 25 … January Revolution, the Ministry of Antiquities has been suffering from … budgetary problems. Its budget is mainly dependent on ticket fees from … archaeological sites and museums across the country, as well as touring … exhibitions abroad. ¬ 528 The ministry has lost around LE1 billion of annual income, which reached just … LE275 million in 2015. Its debts since 2011 have reached almost LE6 billion, … as it has had to borrow from the Ministry of Finance in order to pay its … employees and work on postponed projects. ¬ 529 Bazaars and cafeterias at archaeological sites and museums have closed their … doors because of the decline in tourism, also leading to the loss of a good … deal of income. ¬ 530 In order to help solve such budgetary problems the ministry on Thursday … inaugurated its first ever replica exhibition at the bookshop of the Egyptian … Museum in Tahrîr Square, inviting a number of foreign ambassadors and cultural … counsellors from the United States, France, Austria, Argentina, Italy, Serbia, … Australia and Brazil to visit it. ¬ 531 The exhibition will last until the end of July and put on show a large … collection of replicas of some of the ancient Egyptian, Islamic and Coptic … artefacts in the museum. ¬ 532 Part of the museum exhibition halls has been transformed into a workshop with … workmen and artisans carving, drawing, painting, modelling and decorating … replicas of Egypt’s ancient, Graeco-Roman, Coptic and Islamic artefacts, or … else hammering pieces of bronze to transform them into necklaces, earrings or … bracelets embellished with semi.precious stones. ¬ 533 “During the period of the exhibition, artisans will produce clay, wood and … copper replicas to show visitors how the ancient Egyptians made the authentic … items,” ‘Amr al-Tîbî, director of the Archaeological Replicas Production Unit … at the ministry, told Al-Ahram Weekly. He said there was a discount of 20 per … cent on replicas during the exhibition days. ¬ 534 The replicas on display were from the unit’s production lines, he said, and … presented a collection of replicas of the pharaoh Tutankhamun’s funerary … collection and some of the Egyptian Museum’s treasured artefacts. ¬ 535 Among them are a collection of ceramic pots and gravures with foliage patterns … as well as Coptic icons and engravings depicting the Archangel Michael and St … Paul. ¬ 536 al-Tîbî said that in collaboration with al-Ahrâm, the unit was organising a … touring exhibition to Japan near the end of this year. “This replica … exhibition is the nucleus of the permanent one at the Egyptian Museum. There … will be another similar exhibition at the Museum of Islamic Art (MIA) in the … Bâb al-Khalq area of Cairo,” Ilhâm Salâh, head of the Museums Section at the … ministry, told the Weekly. ¬ 537 She said that upon the reopening of the MIA, the ministry would establish a … permanent replica exhibition to display reproductions from the collection of … the MIA. A similar exhibition would be created in the Coptic Museum in Old … Cairo. ¬ 538 National museums in governorates around Egypt would also exhibit collections /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 26/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

538… of replicas from Egypt’s ancient Egyptian, Graeco-Roman, Coptic and Islamic … civilisations, she said. ¬ 539 Accompanying this exhibition is another one of books published by the ministry … at a discount of 70 per cent until 2012, with 25 per cent reductions available … on books published after 2012. The exhibition is designed to encourage reading … among people in general and increase their archaeological awareness. ¬ 540 “The goal of the project is to create alternative financial resources to … replace the tourism sector’s declining revenues, which have dropped to less … than LE275 million from LE1.25 billion before the 25 January Revolution,” … Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî said. ¬ 541 “It will also help raise people’s awareness of Egyptian archaeology and the … unique antiquities we display in our museums. There was formerly a gift shop … in the museum with replicas of the original artefacts, but this shut down … following the attack on the Egyptian Museum on 28 January 2011,” he added. ¬ 542 ¬ 543 ¬ 544 The Egyptian Art Revival Centre and the Replica Production Unit have been … working hard for years producing a large number of high.quality replicas. ¬ 545 “Unlike other ministries, the Ministry of Antiquities relies on self-funding. … This includes profits from ticket sales and books in museums and cafes at … archaeological sites. We are trying to come up with innovative ideas in order … to fund our various institutions,” al-‘Inânî told the Weekly, adding that … other measures included decreasing the rents of bazaars by up to 70 per cent … and cafeterias by up to 60 per cent as well as offering facilities to … franchise-holders to help them pay their debts. ¬ 546 Reopening the bazaars and cafeterias has provided job opportunities to … youngsters, as well as providing facilities to tourists at archaeological … sites. ¬ 547 After the approval of the ministry’s board, al-‘Inânî has lowered the fees … imposed on those filming for cinema or television at archaeological sites by … 50 per cent. ¬ 548 Khâlid al-Manawî, former chair of the Chamber of Tourism Companies and Travel … Agencies in Egypt, said the decisions would contribute to promoting tourism to … Egypt. ¬ 549 Ahmad ‘Awad, head of the National Cinema Centre, told the Weekly that the … decision to lower the film fees would attract more international film … directors to come to make their films in Egypt instead of other countries. … Some of the latter had built replica cities on ancient Egyptian models to … boost tourism and filmmaking, he said. ¬ 550 Ilhâmî al-Zayyât, chair of the Egyptian Tourism Federation, said that Turkey … had succeeded in attracting tourism from Arab countries through the popularity … of TV series shot at touristic sites. He said the Egyptian decision would help … promote tourism in Egypt, especially in areas rich in archaeological sites … like Luxor. (Nevine El-Aref, “Boosting revenues”, Al-Ahram Weekly, July 21, … 2016. Voir également MENA, « Exposition des publications archéologiques … soldées au Musée Égyptien », al-Shurûq, 10 juillet ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Des … emplacements réservés dans les aéroports pour la vente des répliques … archéologiques produites par le ministère de l’Archéologie », al-Yawm /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 27/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

550… al-Sâbi‘, 6 décembre). ¬ 551 ¬ 552 The late ‘Abd al-Rahmân Mahmûd Ibrâhîm ‘Abd al-Tawwâb was the father and dean … of all Egyptian archaeologists who worked or are still working in Islamic … Archaeology in Egypt and was also among the most important pioneers in Islamic … archaeological field studies. ¬ 553 ‘Abd al-Tawwâb was born in Munissa in al-Munûfiyya on 6 November 1916 and went … to school in Cairo. He graduated from the Department of History at Fu’âd I … University (now Cairo University) in 1941, receiving a diploma in Islamic … Archaeology from the same university in 1944. ¬ 554 He started his career in the Saving Antiquities Administration on 27 July … 1947, where he was appointed an inspector of antiquities and later became … director of the Islamic Antiquities Sector, of the Documentation Centre, and … of Archaeological Affairs at the Egyptian Antiquities Organisation. When he … retired, he became a consultant to the chairman of the same organisation. ¬ 555 During his long career, ‘Abd al-Tawwâb had an interest in all aspects of … scientific and archaeological work. His scientific publications include “Our … Water Buildings through the Ages” and “Sultan Qâytbây al-Mahmûdî,” a … translation of a book by Ahmad Fakhrî on the al-Bagawât Cemetery. He also … wrote many scientific papers, which have been published in the records of the … Saving Antiquities Committee, especially those about the antiquities of Gîza, … Minyâ and Asyût. ¬ 556 The French Institute in Cairo (IFAO) published his books on his discoveries … and studies of tombstones at the Aswân Cemetery. He also participated in a … French expedition in registering the palaces and houses of Cairo. ¬ 557 He excavated for 16 years at Aswân, Dayr Abû Heness, Dayr Abû Maqqâr, … Minqabâd, Bâwît, Rosette, and Fustât. He also participated in excavations with … foreign expeditions in Egypt, such as Swiss and French excavations in the … region of al-Qaliyah, with the American mission at Fustât, and with the German … Archaeological Institute in Cairo expedition at Abû Mînâ and Saqqâra. ¬ 558 ¬ 559 ¬ 560 ‘Abd al-Tawwâb had many achievements in the restoration and conservation of … Islamic antiquities to his credit, such as in the German Archaeological … Institute in Cairo project to restore the Prince Methal School. He was also … interested in Coptic antiquities in the Islamic period and established the … Islamic and Coptic Antiquities Sector at the Egyptian Antiquities … Organisation. He founded the Islamic Antiquities Documentation Centre and the … Archaeological Handicrafts Centre. ¬ 561 After the 1992 earthquake in Cairo, he was appointed the head of the emergency … committee to investigate the condition of the country’s Islamic antiquities in … order to determine which urgently needed restoration and conservation. He … participated in various archaeological meetings in Egypt and abroad, including … in Morocco, Spain, Japan, the United Arab Emirates, Niger, Syria, Tunisia, … Turkey, and Saudi Arabia. ¬ 562 He was a member of the Islamic and Coptic Antiquities Permanent Committee at … the Ministry of Culture and also founded the Department of Archaeology at the … Faculty of Arts at Suhâg University. He taught Islamic and Coptic Archaeology /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 28/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

562… at the undergraduate and graduate levels and supervised MA and PhD … dissertations at Cairo University, Minyâ University, Asyût University, and … ‘Ayn Shams University in Egypt. He received major awards from prestigious … institutions in Egypt and abroad, including the Supreme Council of … Antiquities, the General Union of Arab Archaeologists, and many others. ¬ 563 On 7 July 2016, ‘Abd al-Tawwâb passed away after a century of loving, … studying, teaching, excavating, and restoring the Islamic and Coptic … antiquities of Egypt. He will be greatly missed, but he will always be … remembered, along with his many outstanding achievements. (al-Husayn ‘Abd … al-Basîr, “Obituary: ‘Abd al-Rahmân ‘Abd al-Tawwâb (1916-2016) Dean of Islamic … archaeology”, Al-Ahram Weekly, July 21, 2016. Voir également Ibtisâm Abû … Dahab, « Le doyen des archéologues, ‘Abd al-Rahmân ‘Abd al-Tawwâb : grand … témoin de l’histoire de Fustât », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 6 juillet ; « Le doyen des … archéologues, ‘Abd al-Rahmân ‘Abd al-Tawwâb, s’éteint à l’âge de 100 ans », … al-Shurûq, 7 juillet). ¬ 564 ¬ 565 Sortis d’Égypte en contrebande et introduits en Israël de manière illégale via … Dubaï, deux couvercles de sarcophage antiques datant de l’époque pharaonique … ont été remis à l’ambassade d’Égypte en Israël. Selon Sha‘bân ‘Abd al-Gawwâd, … président du département des antiquités récupérées au ministère des … Antiquités, ces pièces ont été pillées en Égypte durant la période … d’instabilité politique qui prévalait dans le pays après la révolution de … 2011. « Ce sont les autorités israéliennes qui les détenaient depuis quatre … ans. Les deux pièces étaient déposées dans le magasin d’un concessionnaire, … dans la vieille ville de Jérusalem. Ensuite, l’Égypte a fait une demande … auprès des autorités israéliennes pour que ces dernières les restituent. Les … efforts se sont poursuivis en coopération avec le ministère des Affaires … étrangères et l’ambassade d’Égypte à Tel Aviv pour leur récupération », … explique ‘Abd al-Gawwâd. Ces sarcophages sont en bois recouverts de plâtre et … décorés d’hiéroglyphes et d’illustrations brillantes. L’un d’eux est âgé de 3 … 400 à 3 600 ans et remonte à la XVIIIe dynastie. L’autre date de 3 000 ans. ¬ 566 « C’est la deuxième fois depuis la signature du traité de paix entre l’Égypte … et Israël en 1979 que l’Égypte récupère des pièces d’antiquités d’Israël », … assure Khâlid al-‘Inânî, ministre des Antiquités. La première fois était en … 1994, lorsque l’Égypte a récupéré plus de 38 000 pièces de l’État hébreu. « En … vertu d’une des clauses du traité de paix, Israël devait rendre à l’Égypte … toutes les pièces d’antiquités découvertes dans le Sinaï lors de l’occupation … israélienne », souligne ‘Abd al-Halîm Nûr al-Dîn, ex-président du Conseil … suprême des antiquités et président de la délégation archéologique qui a … ramené les antiquités égyptiennes en Égypte. Il explique que pendant son … occupation du Sinaï, de 1967 à 1982, Israël avait fouillé plus de 35 sites … archéologiques au long et au large de la péninsule égyptienne. D’après lui, … une délégation de 17 personnes, constituée notamment de professeurs … d’archéologie, d’archéologues, de restaurateurs et de conservateurs, s’est … rendue à Jérusalem pour examiner les pièces, les enregistrer et les ramener … soigneusement en Égypte par route. « Cette collection comprenait des statues, … des vases, des ouchebtis, des stèles et des pièces de monnaie. 20 000 pièces … ont été exposées au musée d’al-‘Arîsh au nord du Sinaï et à Qantara près /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 29/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

566… d’Ismâ‘îliyya », se souvient Nûr al-Dîn. ¬ 567 ¬ 568 ¬ 569 Selon le président du département des antiquités, d’autres pièces d’antiquités … égyptiennes se trouvent encore en Israël. Le ministère multiplie les efforts … pour récupérer plus de 90 pièces qui avaient été mises en vente dans deux … salles aux enchères à Jérusalem. L’histoire remonte à la fin de 2013 lorsque … le département de récupération des antiquités a découvert sur Internet la mise … en vente de 126 pièces remontant à différentes époques pharaoniques, dans deux … salles de vente aux enchères israéliennes : Aweidah Gallery et Baidun Shop. ¬ 570 Le ministère égyptien des Antiquités a aussitôt envoyé une lettre au ministère … égyptien des Affaires étrangères, lui demandant de prendre les mesures … nécessaires, en collaboration avec l’ambassade d’Égypte à Tel Aviv, pour … récupérer les pièces en question. Le ministère a également contacté Interpol … et l’Unesco, afin d’ouvrir une enquête. « On a demandé aux autorités … israéliennes de mener des enquêtes indépendantes pour déterminer si les deux … salles de vente sont les propriétaires légales de ces objets ou s’ils sont … illégalement exposés », explique ‘Alî Ahmad, ex-directeur du département des … antiquités récupérées. La vente a été arrêtée, mais plus d’une trentaine de … pièces avaient été déjà vendues. « On a alors intenté un procès devant la cour … israélienne afin de récupérer ces pièces, surtout que les salles de vente aux … enchères n’avaient pas de certificats d’authenticité », reprend-il, ajoutant … que ces pièces ont été volées. ¬ 571 Encore plus choquante est la vente toujours en cours sur un autre site … Internet spécialisé dans la vente des pièces antiques d’un grand fragment … faisant partie de la collection connue sous le nom de Moshe DAYAN, l’ancien … ministre israélien de la Défense. Selon Mustafa Muhammad, directeur des … antiquités du Sud-Sinaï, ce fragment fait partie d’une scène pillée du temple … de la déesse Hathor à Sirâbît al-Khâdim dans le Sinaï. « Loin des fouilles des … autorités archéologiques israéliennes qui étaient documentées et enregistrées, … DAYAN avait visité ce site deux fois en 1956 lors de l’agression tripartite … sur l’Égypte, et en 1969 après l’occupation du Sinaï. Il a pillé quelques … pièces du temple, notamment des fragments, et les a transportées par … hélicoptère chez lui en Israël. Seule la colonne d’Hathor a été récupérée en … 1994 et a été remise à sa place au temple », explique Muhammad, ajoutant que … c’est DAYAN lui-même qui a reconnu ces faits dans son livre intitulé Vivre … avec la Bible, publié en 1978, où il raconte son voyage à Sirâbît al-Khâdim au … centre du Sinaï. ¬ 572 Selon le directeur des antiquités, personne ne connaît le nombre exact ou … encore la nature des pièces d’antiquités égyptiennes pillées pendant … l’occupation israélienne. « Et on ne le saura jamais. On le saura seulement … lorsque ces pièces apparaîtront, soit dans les salles de vente aux enchères, … soit sur des sites Internet spécialisés, soit dans des expositions. … D’ailleurs, on s’attend à l’apparition de beaucoup d’autres pièces appartenant … à la civilisation égyptienne, et on va certainement entamer des procédures … afin de les récupérer », conclut-il. (Doaa Elhami, « Le patrimoine détourné de … l’Égypte », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 20 juillet 2016). ¬ 573 ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 30/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

574 A collection of three dozen fragments of papyri has been put on display for … the first time in a special exhibition in the foyer of the Egyptian Museum in … Tahrîr Square in Cairo after their discovery in 2013 in the entrance to two … caves at Wâdî al-Garf 119 km from Suez by a Franco-Egyptian mission led by … French Egyptologist Pierre TALLET and Egyptian Egyptologist al-Sayyid Mahfûz, … writes Nevine El-Aref. ¬ 575 ¬ 576 ¬ 577 Mahfûz described the discovery of the papyri as “very important” because they … show the history of international maritime navigation in Egypt and of ancient … Egyptian writing during the Old Kingdom. The papyri are written in early … hieratic writing and hieroglyphics. ¬ 578 Wâdî al-Garf is one of the oldest ports discovered anywhere in the world, … though two others, Wâdî Gawâsîs south of Safâgâ and al.‘Ayn al-Sukhna south of … Suez, are of similar structure and have also been discovered on the Red Sea … coast dating from the later Middle Kingdom. ¬ 579 The papyri make up “the oldest archive of ancient Egyptian writing ever … discovered,” Mahfûz told the Al-Ahram Weekly, explaining that that they were … older than the al-Gabalayn papyri dating to the end of the Fourth Dynasty and … the Abûsîr papyri dating to the end of the fifth. ¬ 580 “We know from these papyri that the reign of Khufu was 26 years long and not … 16 or 20 as had previously been thought,” he said. He added that the papyri … contained documents recording the commodities delivered to workers in Wâdî … al-Garf in antiquity. These came from various places in the Nile Delta, … confirming central control over the country’s affairs at the time. ¬ 581 The text of the papyri is in the form of a table showing each category of … commodity and registering what should be given to workers. Black characters … show what has been delivered by the administration, and red is used to … indicate what is still expected. ¬ 582 Among the papyri are two fragments of a large papyrus measuring 1.5 to 2m long … known as the “Log of Merer” and showing the daily lives of workers at Wâdî … al-Garf. Mahfûz said that Merer, whose name means “beloved one,” was a … middle-ranking official in charge of skilled workers and sailors, probably … numbering around 40 men, at the time. These used to transport limestone blocks … from the Tura quarries on the east bank of the Nile to the Pyramid of Khufu at … Gîza. ¬ 583 The blocks were moved across the Nile and by canal in two or three days. The … document indicates that there was also a logistics centre called Ro-She Khufu … where most of the procedures were carried out. This was under the authority of … vizier Ankh-Haef, a half-brother of Khufu, who was probably the architect … responsible for the construction of the Great Pyramid in its final stages as … the original architect, Hemiunu, died during the construction work. ¬ 584 “This papyrus in particular is a very important discovery because it gives … details of the administrators who directed the construction work on the Great … Pyramid and the strong administrative regime during Khufu’s reign,” Mahfûz … said, adding that it also showed that the Pyramid’s construction was a … national project. ¬ 585 A collection of ropes, the remains of boats, and anchors was also discovered. /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 31/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

585… (Nevine El-Aref, “Learning from papyrus”, Al-Ahram Weekly, July 21, 2016. Voir … également Ibtisâm Abû Dahab, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie inaugure … l’exposition des papyrus de Chéops au Musée Égyptien », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 14 … juillet ; Ahmad ‘Abd al-Halîm, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie : Les papyrus … de Chéops sont les plus anciens jamais découverts dans l’histoire de … l’écriture égyptienne », al-Shurûq, 14 juillet ; Doaa Elhami, « Des papyri qui … en disent long sur l’histoire de l’Égypte », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 20 juillet). ¬ 586 ¬ 587 The Ministry of Antiquities aims to complete construction of the first phase … of the Grand Egyptian Museum before the end of the year. The museum will be … partially opened by mid.2017. Meanwhile, the ministry is considering a number … of proposals and suggestions to increase its resources, following the decline … in tourism revenues, which dropped down to EGP 229.8m from EGP 1.273bn in … 2010. ¬ 588 Daily News Egypt recently sat down with Minister of Antiquities Khâlid … al-‘Inânî, who revealed that the ministry is reviewing potential new sources … of revenue. These sources will be presented at the upcoming Supreme Council of … Antiquities meeting next week. The most prominent ideas suggested are placing … advertisements on tickets to archaeological sites and offering package ticket … deals to tourists. ¬ 589 ¬ 590 ¬ 591 How will the ministry deal with the decline in revenue and lower visitor … numbers? What are the new ideas for developing revenue resources? ¬ 592 The ministry is studying several proposals and ideas for implementation in the … coming period in order to improve the ministry’s revenue sources. We are … considering putting forward package ticket deals that include a number of … archaeological sites and are valid for several days at discounted rates, … depending on the number of days and the sites included. ¬ 593 This proposal is not something new. Many countries around the world offer … similar kinds of tickets. These packages should encourage tourists to visit … more archaeological areas as they will not need to waste time buying tickets … at each site. ¬ 594 The ministry is also studying the launch of the first auction of its kind for … companies to place their advertisements on entry tickets to archaeological … sites before the end of this year. We are currently reviewing the feasibility … of the proposal and whether to offer a collective bid or separate bids for … each area. ¬ 595 Does the ministry have a vision to improve inbound tourism? What are the most … important operational steps? ¬ 596 We must first admit that the tourism crisis has many reasons behind it. It has … been impacted by events across the region. It is also influenced by security. … The ministry is promoting Egyptian antiquities around the world via TV … channels and international media. ¬ 597 The ministry has opened new archaeological sites and reopened palaces, … museums, and monuments that were shut down in 2011 or the two years following. … This aims to change Egypt’s image and assure tourists that Egypt is safe. … Allowing the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr Square to stay open at night also /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 32/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

597… highlights the safety of the entire downtown district, which will attract more … tourists. The government has also been developing airport security for the … same purposes. ¬ 598 We have recently opened the Pyramid Complex of Unas in Saqqâra and the Tomb of … Nefertari in Luxor. We also lowered the ticket price for groups of 15 people … or fewer from EGP 19,000 to EGP 1,000. ¬ 599 The ministry also opened the first permanent exhibition for high-quality … replicas at the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr last week. I want to point out that … garnering large revenues is not necessary at first, as the exhibition will … serve as an initiative to improve revenues by opening similar exhibitions … abroad. ¬ 600 What is the ministry’s plan for fully utilising archaeological sites, … cafeterias, and bazaars near them? ¬ 601 The Supreme Council of Antiquities has cut down the rent value by 60% for … cafeterias and 70% for bazaars. We aim to encourage tenants to continue their … leases. ¬ 602 The council has also launched a closed.envelope bid to rent out 15 closed … cafeterias and bazaars near archaeological sites. The committee to decide on … the bid will meet next week and award the cafeterias and bazaars, after … receiving all technical and financial bids. The 15 cafeterias and bazaars … offered last week were in Cairo, Gîza, Suez, Luxor, and Aswân. ¬ 603 The tenants of 250 bazaars have owed the Ministry of Antiquities EGP 29m since … January 2011. ¬ 604 What projects and museums does the ministry plan to open or reopen soon? ¬ 605 The ministry has completed renovations of the Museum of Islamic Art. We are … waiting for the cabinet to select a date for its inauguration in order to … organise a ceremony befitting the museum’s reputation. The total cost of … renovation was EGP 57m, of which EGP 50m came from the Emirati government, … while the Ministry of Antiquities secured EGP 7m. ¬ 606 The Museum of Islamic Art was damaged by a bomb that was detonated in front of … the Cairo Security Directorate in January 2014. The front walls, gates, and … windows of the museum were all badly damaged, as well as some of the … exhibitions inside. ¬ 607 The ministry also plans to reopen the Museum of Mallawî — which was robbed in … August 2014 —next month. This will send a message to the world that Egypt is … able to rebuild. ¬ 608 The total cost to renovate the museum was EGP 11m. The Ministry of Antiquities … funded EGP 4m, the Governorate of Minyâ contributed EGP 3m, and Italy provided … a grant of display windows worth EGP 4m, as part of the Debt for Development … Exchange Programme. ¬ 609 ¬ 610 ¬ 611 The Museum of Mallawî was robbed in August 2014, following the dispersal of … the Râbi‘a al-‘Adawiyya and al-Nahda sit-ins. Its exhibitions were stolen, … walls were destroyed, and its walls were damaged from the inside and out. The … remaining exhibitions were moved to the ministry’s storage houses in Minyâ. ¬ 612 The ministry recovered most of the artefacts stolen from the museum, except … for 69 pieces. The total number of recovered pieces so far stands at 930 /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 33/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

612… artefacts. ¬ 613 King Fârûq Corner Palace and al-Qasr Islamic City are scheduled to be reopened … within days. The cost of rehabilitating al-Qasr city in Dâkhla Oasis was EGP … 2.75m, and funded by the Japanese government. ¬ 614 What will be the future of the Egyptian Museum? Will it be closed after the … opening of Grand Museum? ¬ 615 The Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr Square will not be closed even after the opening … of the Grand Egyptian Museum, as only part of the monuments in the current … museum will be transferred to the new one. The new museum aims to display … these monuments in a more sophisticated manner and in a larger venue, which … provides more attractiveness and security than its current place. ¬ 616 The development process of the Egyptian Museum is ongoing — internal and … external lighting systems began being changed a week ago, so the lighting will … match the style of the building and the monuments on display. ¬ 617 It was suggested to the cabinet to allow the museum to remain open for another … four hours in the evening (from 5.00pm to 9.00pm). The cabinet agreed for it … to remain open on Sunday and Thursday and to increase the number of days if … everything goes well. ¬ 618 The museum’s night hours will begin within the next few weeks after increasing … the number of external spotlights upon request of the Ministry of Interior to … ensure the security of the museum site. ¬ 619 Alnasser Company is responsible developing the lighting systems and for the … installation of LED lighting and new lighting systems inside the museum at a … cost of EGP 1.2m. Alnasser Company won the tender launched by the ministry in … January to develop the museum. ¬ 620 Elsewedy Electric is currently working on developing the external lighting … system of the museum and changing the cables at a cost of EGP 1m. ¬ 621 The Ministry of Tourism is funding the development project worth EGP 2.2m for … the museum’s lighting system — this will take four months. ¬ 622 Through the opening of the museum, the ministry aims to deliver a message to … the whole world that Egypt is safe and that Tahrîr Square — which represents … the 25 January Revolution to many foreigners — is also safe and can receive … visitors at night time. This will also allow tourists to visit archaeological … sites such as the pyramids and the museum at night. ¬ 623 Will other development work be conducted in the museum? ¬ 624 There is a development plan for the museum, which includes installing fans for … ventilation inside the halls, developing the lighting system, changing the … display stands, and refurbishing the bathrooms. ¬ 625 The ministry allocated EGP 1m to develop the display stands and labels for … information about the artefacts on display, and to bring back the museum’s … showcase techniques. ¬ 626 These development works started in 2013 and are set to take six years. The … total cost of the development works in the Egyptian Museum is €10m, which the … German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development and the … European Union are aiding us in. ¬ 627 Of this financing budget, €200,000 was allocated to finish the development … works in the first phase, which includes developing some halls on the upper … floors and the first half of the corridor leading to these halls. ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 34/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

628 Moving artefacts from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr Square to the Grand … Egyptian Museum will commence in the next period without affecting the old … museum’s work. The transportation of important and large pieces is delayed … until the date of the museum’s partial opening is closer. ¬ 629 What are the most recent developments in the Grand Egyptian Museum and when … will it open? ¬ 630 The ministry is targeting to finish all the establishment works — such as … engineering, some facilities, and displays — in the Grand Egyptian Museum by … the end of this year. It will be partially opened by mid-2017, which is ahead … of schedule as the first phase of the opening programme was set to be in early … 2018. ¬ 631 ¬ 632 ¬ 633 The ministry will announce next week which office — out of10 that competed in … a tender — will design the displays in the Grand Egyptian Museum. Five foreign … offices, three international coalitions, and two Egyptian offices competed for … this project. ¬ 634 Are there any conditions for holding events or concerts at archaeological … sites? ¬ 635 The ministry no longer allows for any occasion to be celebrated at historic … citadels or cemeteries, following the concert that was held at Qâytbây … citadel. This event provoked widespread debate among Egyptians, considering … the sanctity of such archaeological sites to us. ¬ 636 The ministry only allows concerts and meetings to be held in palace gardens … and archaeological museums, under several conditions. The ministry specifies … certain areas that are allowed such as Baron Palace garden, Muhammad ‘Alî … palace gardens in Manyal, Rukn Fârûq garden, and Mânistirlî Palace. ¬ 637 The ministry allocated the courtyard of Muhammad ‘Alî’s Mosque, al-Rifâ‘î … Mosque, the Mosque of Ibn Tûlûn, and al-Hâkim Mosque for occasions such as … weddings, which is available for EGP 10,000 per 100 individuals. ¬ 638 The Supreme Council of Antiquities increased the fees for holding social … events at archaeological sites by 300% to reach EGP 60,000 per 300 … individuals, compared to EGP 15,000 previously, in an attempt to increase the … ministry’s income. ¬ 639 Are there plans to reopen closed archaeological sites and palaces? ¬ 640 Prime Minister Shirîf Ismâ‘îl called for a ministerial committee of eight … ministries to be formed in order to pen a plan to develop these archaeological … sites and palaces. This committee will come up with solutions and steps within … six weeks from the cabinet meeting held last week. ¬ 641 The committee includes the ministries of housing, planning, international … cooperation, finance, tourism, culture, and antiquities, as well as the … general business sector. ¬ 642 Egypt has a total number of 45 palaces. These vary between presidential … palaces, antiquarian, and museums. Of these, 10 palaces require development … and fast restoration, but the rest are in good condition. ¬ 643 The average cost required to develop, restore, and reopen each palace is … between EGP 30m and EGP 150m. ¬ 644 What are the most important museums that have stalled due to a lack of /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 35/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

644… funding? ¬ 645 Sharm al-Shaykh Museum has cost EGP 600m to develop so far and needs an extra … EGP 600m for the completion of its construction and opening. If EGP 200m … becomes available during this current period, the museum will partially open … within a year. ¬ 646 The ministry also resumed work at the Suhâg Museum, which has been closed … since 1993 and needs about EGP 20m. ¬ 647 What are the details of the development project at the Pyramids of Gîza, such … as how many stages and the cost? ¬ 648 This month, the ministry began the first phase of the Pyramids Archaeological … Zone Development Project, which is scheduled to be completed by October. The … project has a total cost of EGP 51m, funded by the Ministry of Tourism. ¬ 649 The first phase includes constructing a visitors centre and opening the second … entrance for the archaeological area on Fayyûm road, as well as allocating … club cars to transport visitors into the area. ¬ 650 The ministry hopes to start work on the second phase of the project once the … first phase is completed. The total cost of the second phase is expected to … reach EGP 120m. The second phase will include developing the area around the … pyramids by establishing golf courses. ¬ 651 The Ministry of Antiquities has sought to develop this area since 2009, and it … was scheduled to be completed in 2012 at a cost of EGP 336m, but the … ministry’s financial issues over the past years meant that the timetable for … the project fell by the wayside. ¬ 652 EGP 70m has been spent on the project so far, of which EGP 50m was funded by … the Ministry of Antiquities and EGP 20m was funded by the Ministry of Tourism … in 2013. ¬ 653 ¬ 654 ¬ 655 The ministry assigned the task of installing and maintaining surveillance … cameras around the archaeological site to the Arab Organisation for … Industrialisation, which will start the installation after the completion some … assessments in the coming period. ¬ 656 The project includes installing and maintaining cameras that will operate by … solar.power. The total number of cameras in this area currently is 197 … cameras, including 61 non-functioning cameras in need of replacement. (Basma … Ragab, “Construction of Grand Egyptian Museum to be completed by year’s end … and partially opened in mid-2017: Minister of Antiquities”, Daily News Egypt, … July 21, 2016. Voir également ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie … : Inauguration partielle du GEM fin 2017 », Sada al-Balad, 14 juillet ; Ahmad … Mansûr, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie achève le scénario muséologique du … musée de Mallawî dans 15 jours », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 16 juillet ; Mâhir ‘Abd … al-Sabûr, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie : Inauguration du musée de Mallawî le … mois prochain », al-Shurûq, 23 juillet ; Haggâg al-Husaynî, « 3 ans après sa … mise à sac, inauguration du musée de Mallawî le mois prochain », al-Ahrâm, 24 … juillet ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie s’apprête à inaugurer le … musée de Mallawî à Minyâ », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 19 août ; Ahmad Gûda, « Les … locataires des bazars saluent la décision du ministre de l’Archéologie de … réduire le montant du loyer », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 20 décembre ; Ibrâhîm Sa‘îd, /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 36/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

656… « Le coût du projet de développement du plateau de Gîza s’élève à ¬ 657 350 millions L.E. », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 26 ¬ 658 décembre). ¬ 659 - - ¬ 660 ¬ 661 ¬ 662 Le ministre de l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al.‘Inânî, a nommé Mamdûh Taha au … poste de superviseur archéologique du projet de la deuxième barque de Chéops. … Il succède à l’archéologue Wâ’il Fathî qui a été nommé inspecteur en chef du … plateau de Gîza. Ces nominations s’inscrivent dans le cadre de la promotion … des jeunes archéologues à de hautes responsabilités au sein du ministère de … l’Archéologie. (Ahmad Mansûr, « Mamdûh Taha nommé superviseur archéologique du … projet de la deuxième barque de Chéops », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 23 juillet 2016. … Voir également ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « al-‘Inânî nomme un nouveau superviseur … archéologique du projet de la deuxième barque de Chéops », Sada al-Balad, 23 … juillet). ¬ 663 Le Comité permanent des antiquités égyptiennes, présidé par le secrétaire … général du Conseil Suprême des Antiquités (CSA), Dr Mustafa Amîn, a décidé la … suspension de la mission française présidée par Philippe BRISSAUD, qui opère à … Tell Dibgou, situé dans le gouvernorat d’al-Sharqiyya. ¬ 664 Cette décision de suspension est motivée par le différend qui oppose François … LECLÈRE à Philippe BRISSAUD, ex-directeur de la mission française de Sân … al-Hagar, concernant les résultats scientifiques des fouilles. En effet, … chacune des deux parties accuse l’autre d’être responsable de la disparition … de ces résultats scientifiques archivés au siège de l’École pratique des … hautes études (EPHE). Aucune issue n’a été trouvée pour résoudre cette crise. ¬ 665 Par conséquent, le Comité permanent des antiquités égyptiennes a décidé … l’arrêt des travaux de la mission française de fouille sur le Tell Dibgou … jusqu’à la remise de tous les résultats scientifiques (photographies, … négatifs, plans, dessins archéologiques et relevés architecturaux) depuis le … début des travaux de la mission. (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le comité permanent du … CSA décide la suspension de la mission française travaillant à Tell Dibgou », … Sada al-Balad, 23 juillet 2016. Voir également Hiba ‘Âdil, « Le CSA décide la … suspension de la mission française travaillant à Tell Dibgou », al-Ahrâm … al-‘Arabî, 23 juillet ; « Suspension de la mission française travaillant à … Tell Dibgou », Veto Gate, 23 juillet ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Le CSA suspend la … mission française travaillant à al-Sharqiyya à cause de la perte des résultats … scientifiques et des cartes », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 26 juillet ; Dînâ al-Sibâ‘î, … « Le CSA suspend la mission française travaillant à al-Sharqiyya à cause de la … perte des résultats scientifiques et des cartes », al-Nahâr, 26 juillet). ¬ 666 Le ministre de l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al.‘Inânî, a déclaré que le … département des musées accuse une dette qui s’élève à 1,114 milliards livres … égyptiennes. Les sommes colossales dont ont besoin les musées se répartissent … ainsi : ¬ 667 ¬ 668 ¬ 669 NOM DU MUSÉE BESOINS ¬ 670 Musée de Suhâg 20 millions L.E. ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 37/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

671 Musée Atonien à Minyâ 140 millions L.E. ¬ 672 pour la ¬ 673 deuxième phase ¬ 674 des travaux ¬ 675 Musée de Banî Swayf 10 millions L.E. ¬ 676 Musée Égyptien 12 millions L.E. ¬ 677 pour le sous-sol ¬ 678 et l’installation ¬ 679 de 75 vitrines ¬ 680 d’exposition ¬ 681 murale ¬ 682 Musée des Carrosses 12 millions L.E. ¬ 683 royaux à Bûlâq ¬ 684 Musée de Muhammad ‘Alî à 9 millions L.E. ¬ 685 la citadelle du Caire ¬ 686 Palais al-Gawhara à la 15 millions L.E. ¬ 687 citadelle du Caire ¬ 688 Palais al-Shinnâwî à al. 9 millions L.E. ¬ 689 Mansûra ¬ 690 Musée archéologique de 120 millions L.E. ¬ 691 Port-Saïd ¬ 692 Musée de Suez 12 millions L.E. ¬ 693 Projet du musée de Sharm 600 millions L.E. ¬ 694 al-Shaykh ¬ 695 Musée de Kafr al-Shaykh 15 millions ¬ 696 Musée gréco-romain 70 millions L.E. ¬ 697 d’Alexandrie ¬ 698 Musée de la mosaïque en 50 millions L.E. ¬ 699 Alexandrie ¬ 700 Le kiosque du thé du jardin 6 millions L.E. ¬ 701 al-Muntazah en Alexandrie ¬ 702 Musée des Bijoux royaux en 7 millions L.E. ¬ 703 ¬ 704 Alexandrie ¬ 705 (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « al-‘Inânî : Le montant total des dettes du département … des musées dépasse 1 milliard L.E. », Sada al-Balad, 23 juillet 2016). ¬ 706 ¬ 707 Le directeur général du Pôle de restauration du Grand Musée Égyptien (GEM), Dr … Usâma Abû al-Khayr, a précisé que sur les 480 000 m2 de superficie du GEM, le … Pôle de restauration et les entrepôts muséologiques en occupent 32 000 m2. Par … ailleurs, le Pôle de restauration est édifié en sous-sol. Un tunnel … sous-terrain long de 200 m le relie au bâtiment central. Quant aux personnels, … ils bénéficient régulièrement de stages de formation destinés à améliorer leur … niveau et à accroître leurs compétences. Dès sa réception, chaque pièce … archéologique est soumise à un protocole stricte : stérilisation, … enregistrement, documentation, restauration, entreposage, exposition. (‘Alâ’ … al-Minyâwî, « Abû al-Khayr révèle le processus en vigueur dans le Pôle de … restauration du GEM », Sada al-Balad, 25 juillet 2016). ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 38/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

708 ¬ 709 ¬ 710 The wining photo ¬ 711 Tonight at the Mânistirlî Palace overlooking the al-Rawda Nile Corniche, … UNESCO will celebrate the Egyptian winner of "The Photo and Story" contest … held in 2015 as part of the global #Unite4Heritage campaign. ¬ 712 Ahmad ‘Ubayd, general supervisor of the minister of antiquities’ office, told … Ahram Online that the competition, which attracted more than 10,000 entries … from all over the world, involved participants posting on social media their … most inspiring photos of cultural heritage and explain why they matter to … them. ¬ 713 The entries were narrowed down to the top 20, ‘Ubayd said, and from there the … winner was selected. The winning photo, captured by Egyptian photographer … Muhammad ‘Abd al-Gawwâd, shows traditional moulid dancing in Egypt. ¬ 714 The photo shows a woman dancing at al-Sayyida Fâtima al-Nabawiyya’s moulid in … Cairo’s al-Bâtniyya to a song by one of the local bands. Women frequently … dance and sing during moulids. Moulid celebrations involve rituals dating back … to ancient Egypt, such as receiving the blessings of awliyâ’, henna and … lighting candles. They are also an important place for Egyptians from urban … and rural areas and of different sects and ages to gather, dance, celebrate … and listen to chants and prayers. ¬ 715 ¬ 716 ¬ 717 The ceremony will be attended by Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî and … Egypt’s UNESCO candidate Mushîra Khattâb as well as top governmental … officials. (Nevine El-Aref, “UNESCO to celebrate Egyptian winner of … #Unite4Heritage ‘Photo and Story’ contest”, Ahram Online, July 26, 2016. Voir … également Hiba ‘Âdil, « La photo du mouled remporte le prix de la campagne … #Unite4Heritage », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 26 juillet). ¬ 718 Le Conseil d’administration du CSA, présidé par le ministre de l’Archéologie, … Dr Khâlid al.‘Inânî, a approuvé, lors de sa réunion de la semaine dernière, un … don présenté par une société privée. Ce don consiste en 200 ventilateurs en … cours d’installation dans différentes salles du Musée Égyptien. Le superviseur … général du Musée Égyptien, Sumayya ‘Abd al-Samî‘, a expliqué que ces … ventilateurs viendront s’ajouter aux climatiseurs déjà installés dans le … musée. Ce genre de dons accordés par des sociétés privées est une pratique … assez courante. (Ahmad Mansûr, « Installation de 200 ventilateurs dans le … Musée Égyptien », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 26 juillet 2016. Voir également ‘Alâ’ … al-Minyâwî, « 200 ventilateurs installés dans le Musée Égyptien », Sada … al-Balad, 26 juillet ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « al-Zahhâr : L’utilisation des … ventilateurs dans le Musée Égyptien nous ridiculise aux yeux du monde entier … », Sada al-Balad, 1er août). ¬ 719 ¬ 720 Lors de sa dernière réunion présidée par le secrétaire général du CSA, Dr … Mustafa Amîn, le Comité permanent des antiquités islamiques et coptes a … approuvé la restauration des coupoles d’Abû Samra et de Yahya al-Basrî, … situées dans la zone archéologique d’al-Bahnasâ dans le gouvernorat … d’al-Minyâ. Ces travaux de restauration seront menés sous la supervision du /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 39/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

720… département des projets. Ils seront financés grâce à un don privé présenté par … le président de la cour d’assises d’al-Mansûra, le magistrat Khâlid Muhammad … al-Halabî. (MENA, « Restauration des coupoles d’Abû Samra et de Yahya al-Basrî … à al-Bahnasâ », Sada al-Balad, 26 juillet 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « … Le ministère de l’Archéologie lance la restauration des coupoles d’Abû Samra … et de Yahya al-Basrî à al-Bahnasâ », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 28 juillet). ¬ 721 ¬ 722 Cela fait 15 ans que le site d’Abû Mînâ est en péril. Cette ville sainte … chrétienne située à Alexandrie a été inscrite sur la liste du patrimoine … mondial en 1979 et figure sur la liste en péril depuis 2001. Elle était le … sujet des discussions du Comité de l’Unesco lors de sa dernière session en … Turquie. Le comité a décidé de maintenir Abû Mînâ sur la liste des sites en … péril. Après avoir examiné le document présenté par le ministère égyptien des … Antiquités, le Comité de l’Unesco a exprimé à nouveau sa préoccupation au vu … de l’état de conservation du site archéologique, notant alors que l’Égypte … doit prendre des mesures pour protéger le site et le conserver. ¬ 723 « Le ministère s’est chargé il y a quelques mois d’étudier l’état de la ville … sainte et de ses alentours », explique Khâlid al-‘Inânî, ministre des … Antiquités. Selon lui, il y a un projet entamé en 2010 pour le drainage de la … nappe phréatique qui couvre une large partie du site, mais qui a du être … interrompu il y a quelques années en raison des problèmes de maintenance des … équipements de pompage et un manque de ressources financières. Le chef du … secteur des projets, Wa‘d ‘Abd al-’Âl, a souligné que le comité chargé des … études des projets présentés au ministère s’est engagé à confier à une … entreprise privée la responsabilité des travaux d’abaissement du niveau de … l’eau souterraine qui menace le site. « L’entreprise en question entamera dans … quelques semaines les travaux avec un coût de 3 millions de L.E. Le contrat … prévoit une assurance d’un an pour les équipements de pompage », précise-t-il. ¬ 724 Le ministère des Antiquités devra également se charger de maintenir de façon … régulière les pompes avec un budget de 900 000 L.E. par an. Il est à noter que … le niveau de la nappe phréatique s’est élevé d’une façon remarquable après la … panne des pompes de drainage, surtout au cours de l’année dernière. Ce qui a … provoqué l’inondation de la tombe du martyr Ménas d’Alexandrie, mort en 296. « … Tout cela a eu des répercussions sur les structures de la tombe, ainsi que sur … plusieurs édifices, aussi bien en surface que souterrains, de la vieille ville … », a ajouté ‘Abd al-’Âl. ¬ 725 ¬ 726 ¬ 727 C’est la raison pour laquelle le nouveau projet présenté par le comité au … ministère ainsi que par le gouvernorat d’Alexandrie, en coopération avec les … responsables du monastère d’Abû Mînâ, a tenté de présenter des solutions pour … isoler ce site archéologique après le drainage de l’eau souterraine. Il a … également mis en avant un projet prioritaire de restauration et de … conservation du chantier et de sa basilique. Plus encore, un nouveau musée … regroupant les monuments résultant des fouilles archéologiques commencées … depuis 1900 devrait prochainement voir le jour. Sur le terrain, la … construction d’un centre d’accueil pour les visiteurs a d’ores et déjà … commencé. ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 40/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

728 C’est ce rapport, qui inclut tous ces projets de restauration, de conservation … ou de réhabilitation du site, que l’Égypte a présenté au Comité du patrimoine … de l’Unesco. Ce dernier a estimé qu’il faut maintenant les mettre en œuvre. « … On doit accélérer les étapes pour pouvoir exécuter le travail et régler tous … les points recommandés par le Centre du patrimoine mondial, car notre prochain … rapport doit être présenté d’ici le 1er février 2017 afin de l’examiner lors … de la 41e session », souligne ‘Abd al-’Âl. « Le site enregistré sous le numéro … 90 à l’Unesco retournera ensuite sur la liste du patrimoine mondial », … conclut-il. ¬ 729 Les vestiges du monastère de Saint Ménas, situé à environ 50 km au sud-ouest … d’Alexandrie, comptent parmi les sites historiques les plus importants en … Égypte. Ce site est devenu un lieu de pèlerinage pour les chrétiens suite à … des actes antichrétiens de l’Empire romain envers saint Ménas qui fut torturé … et décapité. La ville a conservé son église, son baptistère, ses basiliques, … ses édifices publics, ses monastères et ses ateliers qui datent des premiers … temps du christianisme. Selon la légende, le monastère, bâti au IIIe siècle à … la mémoire de saint Ménas, cacherait les restes du saint. Vu les dangers … menaçant le site, il restera fermé au public jusqu’au jour où tous les travaux … seront achevés. (Nasma Réda, « Une nouvelle chance pour Abû Mînâ », Al-Ahram … Hebdo du 27 juillet 2016). ¬ 730 The Geographic Information System (GIS) at the Ministry of Antiquities has … created an archaeological map locating all the archaeological sites and … museums over Egypt. The map is in both Arabic and English and will be provided … to all archaeological sites and museums. ¬ 731 ‘Azza al-Khûlî, the head of the GIS department, explained that it created this … map upon a request from the Antiquities Minister Khâlid al-‘Inânî, and would … facilitate museum and archaeological site visits for both Egyptians and … foreigners. ¬ 732 al-Khûlî pointed out that a number of departments participated in the … preparation of this map including the permanent committees and missions as … well as the department of space and property. al-Khûlî also added that the GIS … is in the process of finalising a digital version of the map to be put on the … ministry’s web page that is set to be launched in August. (Nevine El-Aref, “A … map of Egypt’s archaeological sites to be launched”, Ahram Online, July 27, … 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie achève la … préparation d’une carte des sites archéologiques en Égypte », al-Yawm … al-Sâbi‘, 27 juillet ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie achève la … préparation d’une carte de recensement de tous les sites archéologiques en … Égypte », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 27 juillet ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Nouvelle carte … géographique de tous les sites archéologiques en Égypte », Sada al-Balad, 27 … juillet). ¬ 733 ¬ 734 ¬ 735 ¬ 736 son inscription comme monument contemporain par le ministère égyptien des … Antiquités, qui doit le nettoyer, le restaurer et le consolider dans un … objectif de préservation. Le pont est en fait le premier viaduc construit sur … le Nil pour relier l’est et l’ouest du Caire (Le Caire à Gîza). ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 41/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

737 Tout commence avec les célébrations de l’inauguration du Canal de Suez. Le … khédive Ismâ‘îl avait décidé de rendre la capitale égyptienne, Le Caire, le … Paris de l’Orient. Il a alors fait construire place Ismâ‘îliyya (l’actuelle … place Tahrîr). À l’ouest, il a fait construire plusieurs palais et sérails. Le … premier était le palais de Guézira, qui est l’ancien pavillon de l’actuel … hôtel Marriott, bâti dans le but d’accueillir l’impératrice française Eugénie. … À été érigé aussi le palais de Gîza, dont le jardin a été transformé … ultérieurement en zoo. Deux autres sérails, consacrés aux fils du khédive, ont … été également construits. Ils occupaient l’actuelle faculté des Arts appliqués … et ce, sans oublier les terrains que la princesse Fâtima, fille du khédive … Ismâ‘îl pacha, a donnés en guise d’aide pour la construction de l’Université ¬ 738 Ier ¬ 739 nationale, la future université de Fu’âd (l’actuelle Université du Caire). … C’est dans ce contexte que le pont Qasr al-Nîl a vu le jour. ¬ 740 C’est en 1869 que le khédive Ismâ‘îl pacha donne l’ordre de bâtir le pont. « … D’un coût de 2,75 millions de francs de l’époque, l’ingénieur français … Pierre-Félix MOREAUX, de la Compagnie Fives-Lille, l’a exécuté sur des plans … de Linant DE BELLEFONDS, alors l’ingénieur en chef des travaux publics en … Égypte. Les travaux ont pris fin en 1871 », raconte l’archéologue Ayman Fu’âd … Sayyid. Mais l’inauguration a eu lieu un an plus tard en 1872 après avoir … examiné sa solidité. Parmi les tests, « une équipe d’artillerie composée de 6 … canons est alors passée sur le pont qui a gardé sa stabilité », souligne … l’archéologue. Le pont s’ouvre aussi à certains moments de la journée pour … permettre aux bateaux de poursuivre leur navigation. ¬ 741 D’après les archéologues, l’installation d’un pont métallique était urgente à … cette époque. Car avant ce pont, le déplacement de l’île Guézira au Caire et … vice-versa, que ce soit des personnes, des animaux ou de la nourriture, était … effectué par le biais d’un pont flottant installé par l’armée française lors … de l’Expédition d’Égypte (1799-1801). Mais les accidents étaient nombreux … causant un grand nombre de victimes. Donc, le pont a été construit pour relier … la place Ismâ‘îliyya au palais Guézira (l’actuel hôtel Marriott). ¬ 742 Concernant les quatre lions, c’est le khédive Ismâ‘îl qui a donné ordre à … Henri-Alfred JACQUEMART de les sculpter. Un tel projet a coûté 198 000 francs … français. Sculptées de bronze en France, ces statues ont été transférées à … Alexandrie pour enfin trouver leur emplacement à l’extrémité du pont Qasr … al-Nîl au Caire. Depuis, l’ouvrage a connu plusieurs noms comme « le pont des … lions », « le pont de Guézira » et « le pont Qasr al-Nîl » (palais du Nil), … qui reste sa nomination jusqu’à nos jours. « Le pont a obtenu son nom en … raison de la présence d’un palais érigé par Muhammad ‘Alî pacha, fondateur de … la famille alide, à sa fille Nâzlî Hânim. Et malgré l’absence de ce palais, le … pont garde, jusqu’à nos jours, la même dénomination », raconte-t.il. ¬ 743 L’inauguration du pont a été la bienvenue. « Non seulement le pont facilitait … le transport, mais une taxe de passage était aussi versée, dont le montant … variait selon le mode de transport », explique Muhammad Husâm Ismâ‘îl, avec … par exemple 2 piastres pour un dromadaire chargé, 2 piastres pour les … charrettes chargées, etc. Seuls les enfants de moins de 6 ans étaient … dispensés de cette taxe. Ces recettes servaient à la maintenance du pont. ¬ 744 Le pont, non seulement avait facilité le transport entre l’est et l’ouest du /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 42/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

744… Caire, mais a surtout contribué au développement urbain direct de la région. « … L’installation de ce viaduc a permis d’accomplir de grands projets urbains à … cette époque et a aussi donné naissance aux jardins, aux clubs sportifs ainsi … qu’aux bâtiments haussmanniens du centre-ville du Caire », reprend Ismâ‘îl. … Les jardins Huriyya et Andalous (Andalousie) et le Club des Anglais (l’actuel … Guézira) sont les plus remarquables projets fondés dans les alentours. Il ne … faut pas non plus oublier le pont aveugle (le pont Galâ’) qui relie l’actuel … Opéra à l’hôtel Sheraton du Caire, riverain du Nil. ¬ 745 Avec l’expansion de la ville et ses nouvelles avenues, le pont a connu la … surcharge et ne pouvait plus répondre aux besoins de l’expansion … démographique. Il a fallu attendre 1931 pour que le viaduc se modernise. Cette … fois, c’est le cabinet d’architectes britannique Dorman, Long & Co. Limited … qui remporte l’appel d’offres pour les travaux de rénovation. Ainsi, les … quatre lions sont déplacés au zoo, laissant le champ libre aux architectes … pour accomplir leurs travaux. Avec deux petites conditions : « Préserver la … beauté du pont et du paysage et réinstaller les lions. En outre, les … architectes devaient éviter l’utilisation du feu dans leurs travaux », … explique Ismâ‘îl. ¬ 746 ¬ 747 ¬ 748 « Le corps du pont a été divisé en pièces numérotées, nettoyées et … consolidées. Les lions ont ensuite repris leur place d’origine tout en élevant … leurs piédestaux de deux mètres. Et en 1933, le roi Fu’âd en personne a … inauguré le pont le nommant le pont du khédive Ismâ‘îl ». Mais avec la … Révolution de 1952, le pont a retrouvé son ancien nom. ¬ 749 Actuellement, avec un financement de la banque Ahlî, le ministère des … Antiquités consolide et restaure le pont. Il vise aussi à rehausser les … piédestaux des lions de deux mètres supplémentaires. « Nous voulons éviter … qu’ils soient endommagés par les passants qui les escaladent pour prendre des … photos », souligne Wa‘d Abû al-‘Ilâ, directeur du secteur des projets au … ministère égyptien des Antiquités. (Doaa Elhami, « Le pont Qasr al-Nîl déclaré … patrimoine », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 27 juillet 2016. Voir également ‘Alâ’ … al-Minyâwî, « Nettoyage des lions de Qasr al-Nîl au moyen d’un équipement … laser ultramoderne », Sada al-Balad, 12 août ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministère de … l’Archéologie restaure les lions du pont Qasr al-Nîl », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 18 … août). ¬ 750 ¬ 751 In the northwest of the al-Dâkhla Oasis in Egypt’s Western Desert is the … mediaeval village of al-Qasr with its mud brick buildings, alleys, mosques, … Pharaonic temple and seed mill. Its serenity was disturbed earlier this week … when minister of antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî along with New Valley governor … Mahmûd ‘Ashmâwî and other officials reopened the village to tourism after 15 … months of conservation work. ¬ 752 al-‘Inânî described the work as “wonderful” and “one of the ministry’s most … important achievements.” He said the village was one of the most important … Islamic settlements in Egypt, not only because of its distinguished … architecture but also because it was the meeting point of several routes as … well as being on a main road for trade and pilgrimage. ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 43/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

753 ‘Ashmâwî said the inauguration would help promote tourism to the New Valley … and highlight the historical importance of the al-Dâkhla and al-Khârga Oases. ¬ 754 “al-Qasr is one of the most important Islamic sites in Egypt,” Ahmad Kamâl, a … member of the ministry of antiquities scientific office, told the Weekly. He … added that it was one of the only surviving examples of Islamic civil … architecture from the Ottoman era. It also contains a large number of … documents that highlight the historical importance of the village. ¬ 755 Kamâl explained that al-Qasr, which means “palace” in Arabic, had gained its … name because before the Islamic conquest of Egypt in the 7th century CE, the … village already had huge buildings and the remains of a Pharaonic temple. ¬ 756 The village itself was built in the 12th century during the Ayyubid period on … the remains of an earlier Roman settlement in order to serve as the capital of … the al-Dâkhla Oasis. It was in a defensive position facing marauding invaders … from the southwest. Stone blocks from the earlier Roman settlement can still … be seen in the façades of village houses, probably reused from older ones. ¬ 757 al-Qasr was extended under the Ottomans and was built like all mediaeval towns … in Egypt at the time, with narrow covered streets divided into quarters, … districts and alleys that were closed with gates at night to protect them from … invaders. ¬ 758 A few metres from the village’s narrow alleys, Kamâl said the remains of a … three.storey mud brick minaret 21 metres high had been found near the Mosque … of Nasr al-Dîn, erected during the Ayyubid period and considered one of the … village’s landmarks. The minaret is the only original part of the Mosque that … has survived from the 12th century, while the rest of the building was … reconstructed in the 19th century. ¬ 759 The mausoleum of Shaykh Nasr al-Dîn is inside the Mosque, and the minaret and … entrance are decorated with wooden lintels carved with verses from the Qur’an. … A madrasa (school) is attached to the Mosque and a court building from the … Ayyubid period is also nearby. This features painted arches, niches for legal … texts, cells for felons and a beam above the door from which criminals were … once suspended. ¬ 760 Kamâl said the houses in the village were built during the Ayyubid and Ottoman … periods in mud brick and adorned with acacia wood lintels decorated with … verses from the Qur’an or inscriptions with the name of the builders or … occupants. The oldest house is that of a man called Ibrâhîm and dates to 1518. ¬ 761 ¬ 762 ¬ 763 The 13 old houses of the village are built in a way that decreases the … temperature inside them to 12 degrees less than the weather outside. They have … ventilation systems that allow the entrance of cool air, replacing the heat … inside the house. The narrow alleys of the village also protect inhabitants … from sandstorms. ¬ 764 The house of Abû Narfîr was built on top of a Ptolemaic temple and some of the … temple’s blocks were used in its construction. The doorjambs are decorated … with hieroglyphics, for example. ¬ 765 There is also a pottery factory and an old corn mill in the village. Mud … bricks are still made in the ancient manner, and there is a foundry where men … still work using bellows.fanned fire. Today, the village is best known for its /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 44/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

765… traditional earthenware pots and palm-leaf basketry. ¬ 766 “In 2015, the first phase of a comprehensive restoration project started in … the al-Qasr Village in collaboration with the ministry of social solidarity … and the Community Development Organisation in al-Rashed,” al-Sa‘îd Hilmî, head … of the Islamic and Coptic Department at the ministry of culture, told the … Weekly. ¬ 767 He said the conservation work was funded by a Japanese grant of LE2.7 million … and later increased to reach LE3 million. The work included the restoration of … eight houses of the 13 that are extant, including the al-Hag Ismâ‘îl Sa‘îd … Mill and the house of Hamâm’s Sons. The second phase of the work is to start … as soon as the required funds are available. ¬ 768 Wa’d Allâh Abû al-‘Ilâ, head of the Projects Department at the ministry, said … the work had been carried out under the supervision of ministry engineers and … restorers. He added that all the walls of the buildings had been consolidated … and covered with clay mortar in the same style, cracks repaired, damaged … stairs replaced with new ones of the same design, and all wooden doors and … windows maintained. ¬ 769 Ahmad al-Nimr, a member of the ministry’s scientific office, said the village … had been archaeologically documented before and after its restoration and the … second and final phase of the project was to be started soon. ¬ 770 After the inauguration of the village, al-‘Inânî laid the foundation stone of … a new set of state-of-the-art archaeological galleries in the al-Dâkhla Oasis. … (Nevine El-Aref, “The pride of al-Dâkhla Oasis”, Al-Ahram Weekly, July 28, … 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie achève la ¬ 771 1er¬ 772 restauration d’al-Qasr », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, juillet ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « Le … ministre de l’Archéologie inaugure la ville d’al-Qasr située dans l’oasis … d’al-Dâkhla », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 21 juillet ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « al-‘Inânî … inaugure la ville d’al-Qasr », Sada al-Balad, 21 juillet). ¬ 773 Egypt’s Ministry of Antiquities is to establish the first touring exhibition … of antiquities replicas produced by the ministry following the success of the … first local replicas exhibition inaugurated by Minister of Antiquities Khâlid … al-‘Inânî early July at the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr Square. ¬ 774 ‘Amr al-Tîbî, executive director of the Archaeological Replicas Unit at the … ministry told Ahram Online that the exhibition comes within the framework of … joint cooperation between the antiquities ministry and al-Ahrâm Establishment, … which would pay the packaging and transportation costs of the exhibition as … well as insurance amounting to EGP37.7 million. al-Tîbî explained that the … exhibition would be inaugurated in the fourth quarter of this year in Japan … and will continue for 18 days, including nine days in Tokyo and nine days in … Osaka. ¬ 775 Thee exhibition will feature 150 replicas of the King Tutankhamun collection … in addition to a number of archaeological and scientific publications and … books published by the antiquities ministry — similar to the current replicas … exhibition in the Egyptian Museum. ¬ 776 Ilhâm Salâh, head of the Museums Sector at the ministry stated that the … exhibition confirms the keenness of the ministry regarding new approach to … increasing the ministry’s income. Salâh added that the success of the replicas /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 45/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

776… exhibition at the Egyptian Museum was central to the ministry’s decision to … tour the exhibition, starting with the planned exhibition in Japan. ¬ 777 Salâh stated that the exhibition highlights the skills of the ministry’s staff … along with efforts to revive an interest in heritage, not only in Egypt but … abroad as well. (Nevine El-Aref, “al-Ahrâm and antiquities ministry to … organise first tour of replica exhibition”, Ahram Online, July 28, 2016. Voir … également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie organise sa première … exposition de répliques archéologiques à l’étranger », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 28 … juillet ; Ahmad ‘Abd al-Halîm, « Première exposition de répliques … archéologiques à l’étranger organisée au Japon », al-Shurûq, 28 juillet). ¬ 778 ¬ 779 ¬ 780 Three years after it was damaged following unrest sparked by the ousting of … former Islamist president Muhammad Mursî, the Mallawî Museum in the Upper … Egyptian city of Minyâ has been restored in order to re-open in mid-August. ¬ 781 Looters who broke into the Museum in 2013 made off with 1,050 artefacts and … damaged showcases, colossi and sarcophagi, objects too difficult to remove … from the premises. ¬ 782 Thus far, 900 artefacts have been recovered, according to Ilhâm Salâh, head of … the Museums Sector at the ministry of antiquities. Some were handed over by … local residents, while others were dropped off at the Museum gardens. A third … group was recovered from abroad after being smuggled out of the country. ¬ 783 Minister of antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî visited the Museum earlier this week … in order to inspect the restoration work and preparation towards the … re-opening. He told the Weekly that the restoration had cleaned walls and … floors, replaced damaged materials, and renewed showcases. ¬ 784 The large pieces that were damaged in the looting have been restored, as well … as the recovered objects, and both will be returned to their original display … in the Museum. ¬ 785 Salâh said the restoration work had been carried out by the National Service … Agency of the army under the supervision of the ministry of antiquities. A … budget of LE3 million was provided by the Minyâ governorate. (Nevine El-Aref, … “Mallawî Museum reopens”, Al-Ahram Weekly, July 28, 2016. Voir également Ahmad … Mansûr, « Résurrection du musée de Mallawî après sa destruction », al-Yawm … al-Sâbi‘, 9 août). ¬ 786 More than 50 years have passed since the Egyptian request to the UN cultural … organisation UNESCO to launch an international campaign to safeguard the … monuments of Nubia by the late Tharwat ‘Ukâsha, a former minister of culture. ¬ 787 The campaign successfully resulted in saving the unique monuments of Nubia … from being submerged under the waters of Lake Nâsir created by the Aswân High … Dam. Among the helpers of this amazing project was the French Egyptologist … Christiane DESROCHES NOBLECOURT, who passed away in June 2011. ¬ 788 DESROCHES NOBLECOURT was the most important French woman Egyptologist of the … last century. She was born on 17 November 1913 in Paris. When the British … Egyptologist Howard CARTER made his legendary discovery of the tomb of the … golden pharaoh Tutankhamun in 1922, the young Christiane decided to become an … Egyptologist. The Egyptologist Étienne DRIOTON encouraged her in taking this … step, and she joined the Ancient Egyptian Department at the Louvre Museum in /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 46/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

788… Paris. ¬ 789 As a result, she was the first woman to be a fellow of the prestigious … Institut français d’archéologie orientale (Ifao) and was also the first woman … to lead an archaeological excavation in Egypt in the late 1930s. During World … War II, she joined the French Resistance and helped to hide the Louvre’s … Egyptian treasures in free regions of occupied France. ¬ 790 In 1954, when the then president of Egypt Gamâl ‘Abd al-Nâsir decided to start … building the High Dam at Aswân, the construction helped promote the name of … DESROCHES NOBLECOURT among others and led her to achieve her most significant … contributions to saving the monuments of Egypt in ancient Nubia. ¬ 791 The antiquities of Nubia were under threat of being lost forever under the … waters of Lake Nâsir. Among these monuments were the famous Temples of Abû … Simbil, Philae, Kalâbsha, Wâdî al-Subu‘a, Dakka, and Dirr. UNESCO asked … DESROCHES NOBLECOURT, as curator of the Ancient Egyptian Antiquities … Department at the Louvre, to make a list of all the archaeological sites in … ancient Nubia that were under threat so that they could be saved by funds … raised from the international community. ¬ 792 The International Campaign to Save the Nubian Monuments carried out remarkable … studies of the region, registering monuments, making excavations, and … relocating existing monuments away from the rising waters to higher locations. … Fifty countries contributed funds to save the monuments, and more than 14 … temples were moved. Excavations took place at sites that were under threat of … being lost under the water. ¬ 793 ¬ 794 ¬ 795 DESROCHES NOBLECOURT also organised an exhibition on the golden pharaoh … Tutankhamun at the Louvre Museum in Paris in 1967. As a result, Nâsir awarded … her the Egyptian Republic Medal Second Class in 1968. There then followed … exhibitions on Ramses II in 1976 and Amenhotep III in 1993. Among DESROCHES … NOBLECOURT’s many publications are books written both alone and with others, … including Toutankhamon: vie et mort d’un pharaon, Le petit temple d’Abû … Simbil, Le grand pharaon Ramsès II et son temps, La momie de Ramsès II, Ramsès … II, la véritable histoire, Le secret des temples de la Nubie, and Le secret … des découvertes. ¬ 796 DESROCHES NOBLECOURT received many prestigious awards from France, Egypt, and … other countries during her long career, including the Grand Cross of the … Légion d’honneur, Officer of the Ordre national du Mérite, Médaille de la … Résistance, Commander of the Ordre des Palmes académiques, Commander of the … Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, Grand Officer of the Order of the Liberation of … Egypt, Gold Medal of the French National Centre for Scientific Research, the … Silver Medal of UNESCO, the Vermeil Medal of the City of Paris, Great Gold … Medal of the Society for Encouraging Progress, and Silver Medal of the Academy … of Architecture. ¬ 797 Christiane DESROCHES NOBLECOURT passed away at the age of 97 in 2011. She has … been greatly missed. But her efforts to save the antiquities of Nubia will be … eternally remembered. (Husayn Basîr, “French mistress of the Nile”, Al-Ahram … Weekly, July 28, 2016). ¬ 798 Established on 117 feddans, the Grand Egyptian Museum is set to be the world’s /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 47/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

798… largest museum, with the main exhibition built on a third of its total area. … The museum includes facilities, entertainment, and commercial buildings next … to the museum garden, all of which make the museum a new monument by itself — … ready to welcome 8 million visitors per year. ¬ 799 Daily News Egypt was given an exclusive chance to roam the museum halls, which … are still under construction. The main building is located on an area of … 160,000 metres — ¬ 800 making it the world’s largest exhibition. The museum includes 14 restoration … labs for all antiquities; wooden, heavy (more than 250 kg), and small … antiquities, as well as the Grand Stairwell — on which 100 king statues will … be places to showcase the different eras of Ancient Egyptian history — in … addition to a conference hall that can accommodate up to 1,000 visitors a day. ¬ 801 ¬ 802 Târiq Sayyid Tawfîq, the general supervisor for the Grand Egyptian Museum (DNE … Photo) ¬ 803 The Grand Egyptian Museum’s management aims to finalise feasibility studies … for cutting down the project’s timeline and will announce a soft opening … within two months, as part of President ‘Abd al-Fattâh al-Sîsî’s directive to … the Minister of Antiquities. ¬ 804 During an exclusive tour of the museum, Târiq Tawfîq, the general supervisor … of the project, told Daily News Egypt that the museum was originally scheduled … for a partial opening at the end of 2018. Now, the ministry has been tasked … with opening it mid-2017. ¬ 805 Tawfîq added that the early opening of the museum requires a different work … plan from the current one, which would increase working hours and the number … of workers on site. ¬ 806 What is the current rate of construction of the Grand Egyptian Museum? ¬ 807 Rates of work are going well. Almost 70% of concrete construction work has … been completed, which was the hardest phase. Other construction projects are … 40% complete. ¬ 808 The interiors in some parts of the museum have also been completed to … accommodate the antiquities moved to it. The first and second phases, … including the restoration labs worth $50m, have been finalised, in addition to … the museum’s power plant. ¬ 809 ¬ 810 ¬ 811 What plan is the museum abiding by to implement the president’s mandate for a … partial opening in mid-2017 instead of the end of 2018? ¬ 812 The museum’s administration is currently studying the possibility of … intensifying the rate of construction and implementing a new plan to open the … museum earlier. This study is expected to take two months. ¬ 813 Foreign tourists do not understand random scheduling. They will need a … specific date for the opening in order to schedule their visits. There will be … a large worldwide promotional campaign once the opening date is selected. ¬ 814 The intensification of work has already begun: shifts have been increased, … more workers have been added, and the work plan has been rearranged. If … necessary, we will work on weekends, too. ¬ 815 There are 3,000 to 5,000 workers on site depending on the type of /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 48/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

815… construction. We are currently working 24 hours a day. In the morning we work … on the inside of the museum to avoid the heat and move on to the outside of … the museum at night. ¬ 816 ¬ 817 Is the cost expected to increase with the new plan? ¬ 818 The initial contract was set at $800m in 2002. However, with the increasing … cost of materials, the total project is estimated to cost over $1bn. We are … currently looking for means to rationalise spending even with intensifying the … work. ¬ 819 The Ministry of Antiquities has entered into negotiations with several … international bodies, such as the Japan International Cooperation Agency … (JICA), to obtain another loan worth $482m to complete the construction work. ¬ 820 JICA has secured $400m of the total project’s cost in a facilitated loan, … while the Egyptian government provided $250m, next to EGP 284m last year. ¬ 821 How many artefacts were relocated to the museum so far? ¬ 822 About 38,000 have been moved to the restoration and maintenance centre. The … total number expected is 100,000, including 50,000 for the permanent … exhibition. ¬ 823 Over 15,000 pieces have been restored up until now, including 2,500 pieces … from King Tutankhamun’s tomb that have not been exhibited before. ¬ 824 The collection will be showcased in an interesting way to reveal many details … on the king’s social, religious, and political life, as well as the charters … of his time during the 18th dynasty. ¬ 825 Where are those pieces coming from? ¬ 826 The ministry is moving artefacts from storage nationwide. This aims to … showcase the greatness of the Egyptian state over the centuries and its impact … on the world as evidenced by the cultural and archaeological monuments. ¬ 827 The Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr sent most pieces, as 50,000 pieces are coming … from there for changing exhibitions and archaeological research. ¬ 828 The Egyptian Museum’s halls in Tahrîr include over 160,000 pieces exhibited … and stored on 10,000 sqm. ¬ 829 There are also artefacts coming from storage houses in Luxor, Minyâ, Suhâg, … Asyût, Banî Swayf, Fayyûm, the Delta, and Alexandria. ¬ 830 The ministry is seeking to deliver a message to visitors that there are … numerous sites in Egypt worth visiting more than once. ¬ 831 Will the transfer of such a large number of the artefacts affect the museum in … Tahrîr or other places? ¬ 832 The relocated antiques mostly come from archaeological storage units. This … aims to exhibit them instead of keeping them hidden. ¬ 833 The Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr has been criticised for being stacked with … artefacts, making it a storage unit itself rather than an exhibition for … antiquities. Therefore, reducing the number of its pieces will not have an … impact on it, but could even improve it. ¬ 834 Both collections of King Tutankhamun and Queen Hetepheres are scheduled to be … moved from Tahrîr’s Egyptian Museum. ¬ 835 ¬ 836 ¬ 837 The ministry has completed the transfer of King Tutankhamen’s collection for /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 49/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

837… maintenance and restoration. ¬ 838 How will the Grand Egyptian Museum be different from other museums? ¬ 839 There is a new and different style for exhibiting artefacts. We will use … modern presentation methods of lighting techniques and applications for mobile … phones, as well as interactive stations inside the museum. ¬ 840 Museum education is also a very important element. This component was given a … space of 7,000 sqm in the museum — almost the same size of the space given to … Tutankhamun’s collection of 5,000 artefacts. ¬ 841 The artefacts will also be displayed on large areas to allow for tourist … groups to move easily throughout the museum. ¬ 842 ¬ 843 Usâma Abû al-Khayr – executive manager of the Grand Egyptian ¬ 844 Museum Restoration Department (DNE Photo) ¬ 845 ¬ 846 Usâma Abû al-Khayr, the executive manager of the Grand Egyptian Museum … Restoration Department, explained that the restoration centre of the museum is … part of the second phase of the project. The goal is the restoration of … 100,000 artefacts that will be put on display. He added that the centre … contains 14 labs, including seven for restoration and another seven for … analysis. ¬ 847 There is also a dedicated heavy monuments section that will equip and restore … artefacts weighing more than half a tonne and that cannot be transferred to … internal laboratories. The 80 experts stationed at the labs were selected to … include experienced and fresh graduates in order to see that the centre is … well equipped to pass on expertise. ¬ 848 The Japanese institution JICA contributed to the training of restoration … experts in the heavy monuments section through 10 courses held in Japan and 16 … more in packaging in transfer. The ministry was interested in training and … educating experts instead of using expensive moving companies that charge … $1,000 for the relocation of each piece. ¬ 849 Experts have so far successfully moved 38,000 artefacts to the labs at the … Grand Egyptian Museum. They have also restored 15,000 pieces and maintained … 12,600 over the past four years. About 15% of the received artefacts required … expatriate restoration, 30% needed complete restoration, and the remainder … only needed maintenance. ¬ 850 The ministry has equipped the lab with the most sophisticated world … technology. Some devices cost over EGP 10m. The total cost of the 14 labs cost … a total of EGP 51m. The labs also hold training courses for all restoration … experts across the republic. They are currently training experts from Aswân. ¬ 851 As for the rumours of using gypsum and cement for restoration, Abû al-Khayr … said that the current modern techniques and materials are still quite new and … were not known by older experts. He said that the ministry is working to … address and correct improper restoration processes by replacing them with … newer materials. Experts now use almost 80% of locally produced materials, … where importing has been limited to analysis devices in cooperation with the … German Zeiss, Abû al-Khayr added. ¬ 852 ¬ 853 ‘Îsa Zaydân – primary manager of restoration and transfer of artefacts (DNE /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 50/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

853… Photo) ¬ 854 ‘Îsa Zaydân, the primary manager of the restoration and transportation of … antiquities in the Grand Egyptian Museum, told Daily News Egypt that King … Mankaraa’s statue arrived last week amongst other royal statues planned to be … exhibited on the museum’s great staircase for its opening. ¬ 855 ¬ 856 ¬ 857 The statue goes back to the era of the fourth family, and weighs about one … tonne and has a length of 175cm. It is made of alabaster, and was discovered … by American archaeologist George Andrew REISNER in 1908 in the king’s valley … temple in the area of Haram. ¬ 858 The statue was transferred to undergo a process of thorough restoration … according to a plan by restoration experts in the area of heavy artefacts in … order to prepare for the opening of the Grand Egyptian Museum. Mankaraa’s … statue has deteriorated due to weak layers in its structure, as well as … previous restoration attempts. The statue’s weak areas were treated before it … was packaged and transferred. ¬ 859 Packaging and transfer phases ¬ 860 The packaging process differs from one piece of antiquity to another, in terms … of the substance, size, and weight. All pieces go through mass screening in … order to determine their weak areas. This allows for appropriate, sufficient, … and safe support. ¬ 861 The step following this includes covering the antiquities with Japanese tissue … paper, which is acid-free and does not react with the substances from which … the artefact is made. Then the piece is packaged in an protective cloth. ¬ 862 The last step in packaging the antiquity is placing it in a wooden holder in … an L-shape in order to ensure its stability during the transfer process. There … are other types of wooden holders that are specifically designed for the size … of the piece, and they are usually square shaped. ¬ 863 The packaging process takes a day, while the transfer process takes up to two … days, depending on the location from where the antiquity is transferred. ¬ 864 The ministry has managed to transfer antiquities at a weight of 3.5 tonnes, … consisting of medium and heavy items. During the next phase, it aims to … transfer antiquities that weigh up to 5 tonnes. ¬ 865 According to the exhibit plan in the Grand Egyptian Museum, about 100 royal … pieces are expected to be exhibited on the museum’s grand staircase, where the … statues of Khufu, Khafre, and Mankaraa will be placed in parallel to the three … pyramids located in the museum’s panorama. ¬ 866 ¬ 867 Husâm Râshid – manager of the heavy antiquities zone in the restoration centre … (DNE Photo) ¬ 868 Husâm Râshid, manager of the heavy antiquities zone in the Grand Egyptian … Museum, said that all arriving antiquities are documented in pictures, and a … special folder for each piece is created before, during, and after … restoration. The folder includes information about the piece, including its … weight, condition, and historical era. ¬ 869 A future plan is then set before beginning restoration works on any artefact. … The plan includes a suggested way for the restoration, which could either be /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 51/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

869… mechanical — which means soft brushes will be used to remove dust — or through … organic materials for chemical cleaning and the usage of alkaline solutions. ¬ 870 Egyptian restoration experts in the Grand Egyptian Museum’s restoration centre … use many ways of scientific restoration and documentation, as is the case in … all museums across the world, like Le Louvre, the British Museum, Boston … Museum, and the Metropolitan Museum. ¬ 871 Midhat ‘Abdallah, manager of the laboratory for wooden antiquities restoration … and maintenance, said that the lab is specialised in studying the cultural … values of wooden artefacts, in addition to carrying out restoration and … maintenance operations of the pieces to be exhibited in the museum after its … opening. ¬ 872 The lab gives special care to monitoring and studying how these wooden pieces … were created, in terms of the material and substances used by ancient … Egyptians, in addition to the techniques of manufacturing and the shapes of … the pieces, as well as the method of clutching wooden parts together, all ¬ 873 with the purpose of documenting the ¬ 874 information to create a reference for ¬ 875 archaeologists later. ¬ 876 ¬ 877 The lab uses different substances in the ¬ 878 ¬ 879 ¬ 880 restoration and maintenance of wooden artefacts. These substances’ reactions … are tested in advance in order to ensure their safety with the artefacts to … avoid any negative impacts they might leave on the pieces’ original condition. ¬ 881 ¬ 882 Midhat ‘Abdallah – manager of the wooden antiquities restoration ¬ 883 and maintenance laboratory (DNE Photo) ¬ 884 ¬ 885 The lab can easily access any archaeological data thanks to the database of … the restoration centre. Its share of contributions, on the other hand, is … represented in publishing scientific research through global conferences in … the field of wooden antiquities restoration on a regular basis. ¬ 886 The lab has received about 1,000 wooden antiquities, and about 80% of them … have been restored since 2010. The sizes of the wooden pieces, like coffins, … reach a length of 2 meters and a height of 70cm. As for wooden booths in King … Tutankhamun’s collection, their length reaches 4 metres, with a height of 4.5 … metres. ¬ 887 According to the manager of the museum’s laboratory, the damage rate of … arriving pieces does not exceed 20%, whereas the rest of the pieces are in … good condition given Egypt’s dry climate. ¬ 888 The lab includes 15 restorers who work according to international standards … and rules in order to maintain the stability and safety of the pieces as much … as possible without significant changes to their original shape. Ancient … Egyptians used two types of wood in manufacturing their furniture and … possessions; this includes wood imported from the ancient state, and local … wood. ¬ 889 The local types of wood include sycamore and willow, whereas the imported ones /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 52/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

889… include Lebanese cedar wood, ebony, teak, juniper, and elm. Some wooden … antiquities made of sycamore arrive infested with insects, while other … hardwood pieces arrived in a better shape. This wood was used in making boats. ¬ 890 Ancient Egyptians painted the surface of wood with certain materials in order … to make them smooth and create an easy space to draw and decorate on them. The … painting substances include those currently being used, like calcium sulphate … along with animal glue. (Basma Ragab, “The Grand Egyptian Museum: an exclusive … tour”, Daily News Egypt, July 28, 2016). ¬ 891 ¬ 892 L’Union des archéologues égyptiens (UAE) traverse dernièrement une crise … financière aiguë qui menace son existence. Son président, Dr ‘Abd al-Halîm Nûr … al-Dîn, déplore le non versement des membres de leurs cotisations annuelles, … ce qui entraînerait le gel de toutes les activités. Par ailleurs, l’exiguïté … des locaux de l’UAE freine l’organisation des congrès et des stages de … formation pour les archéologues. ¬ 893 Nûr al-Dîn en appelle à l’aide de l’Union des archéologues arabes. Celui-ci … pourrait héberger les activités de l’UAE dans ses locaux vastes situés à … al-Shaykh Zâyyid. Il est urgent de sauver les archéologues égyptiens, dit-il. … (Ahmad Mansûr, « La crise économique oblige l’UAE à geler ses activités », … al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 30 juillet 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Muhammad … al-Kahlâwî : l’UAE est un "avorton" que nous allons soutenir sous nos propres … conditions », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 30 juillet). ¬ 894 ¬ 895 The Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities Scientific Publications Department is to … issue two new peer-reviewed journals. The first is “Archaeology in Egypt” and … is concerned with publishing archaeological fieldwork from expeditions working … in Egypt across all periods. The second, “Conservation in Egypt,” is concerned … with conservation and restoration works carried out in Egypt ¬ 896 Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî described the decision as “great” and … an attempt to inform archaeologists and antiquities lovers on ongoing work in … the different fields of archaeology, including discovery, conservation and … site management. ¬ 897 ¬ 898 ¬ 899 al-Husayn ‘Abd al-Basîr, general supervisor of the Scientific Publications … Department, told Ahram Online that the first journal on archaeological … discoveries would appear in January and July of each year, while the second, … on conservation, would appear once a year. (Nevine El-Aref, “Two Egyptian … archaeological periodicals to be launched soon”, Ahram Online, July 31, 2016. … Voir également Hiba ‘Âdil, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie édite un périodique … d’information », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 4 juillet ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le … ministre de l’Archéologie approuve la publication d’une revue mensuelle … spécialisée dans la restauration », Sada al-Balad, 24 juillet). ¬ 900 Egypt’s antiquities ministry has launched a competition on its Facebook page … to select a “piece of the month” from thirteen different ancient Egyptian … artefacts from the collections of the Egyptian Museum. ¬ 901 Last month the ministry began a new practice of sharing a set of artefacts … from the museum on its page and asking followers to select one as the “piece /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 53/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

901… of the month.” ¬ 902 Ilhâm Salâh, head of the Museum Section at the ministry, said that the … selected pieces of this month include children toys such as puzzles, a statue … of Ra-Hotep and his wife from the fourth dynasty, a piece of leather decorated … with a hunting scene, as well as a collection of pots for cosmetics. (Nevine … El-Aref, “Egyptian Museum asks Facebook followers to vote on artefact of the … month”, Ahram Online, July 31, 2016). ¬ 903 -¬ 904 -¬ 905 ¬ 906 ¬ 907 ¬ 908 II – AOÛT 2016 ¬ 909 ¬ 910 ¬ 911 Le directeur général du musée du palais Manyal, Dr Walâ’ al-Dîn Badawî, a … annoncé qu’une plaquette en trois langues (arabe, anglais et français) du … musée est sous presse. Parallèlement, un catalogue digne de ce musée verra … bientôt le jour. Le contenu scientifique a été élaboré. Quant à l’impression, … elle sera réalisée en coopération avec l’Association des amis du musée Manyal. … (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Musée Manyal : un catalogue et une plaquette en … coopération avec l’Association des ¬ 912 1er¬ 913 amis du musée », Sada al-Balad, août 2016). ¬ 914 ¬ 915 ¬ 916 Quatre mois après sa nomination au ministère égyptien des Antiquités, Khâlid … al-‘Inânî revient sur les principaux défis auxquels fait face le ministère … ainsi que les moyens de les surmonter. ¬ 917 Al-Ahram Hebdo : Depuis fin mars dernier, vous êtes en poste comme ministre … des Antiquités, quelles sont vos priorités ? ¬ 918 Khâlid al-‘Inânî : Pendant toute cette période j’ai essayé de déterminer les … principaux défis qu’affronte le ministère et de trouver des solutions. Il y a … six défis principaux, à savoir le manque de ressources financières, la … suspension de plusieurs projets, le manque de personnel qualifié, … l’empiètement sur les sites archéologiques et les fouilles illégales, surtout … après la révolution de 2011. Il y a aussi le dossier des antiquités … restituées, le manque de documentation relative aux monuments, la faiblesse de … l’infrastructure et des services sur les sites archéologiques et les musées, … et dernièrement, le manque de sensibilisation archéologique des citoyens. ¬ 919 — ¬ 920 Avez-vous déterminé les causes des problèmes budgétaires et les moyens d’y … remédier ? ¬ 921 ¬ 922 — ¬ 923 Le ministère des Antiquités était financièrement indépendant, puisque ses … fonds sont basés essentiellement sur les tickets des sites archéologiques … payés par les touristes. Mais vu le manque de touristes, surtout après 2011, /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 54/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

923… nos ressources financières ont chuté et sont passées de 1,3 million de L.E. … par an à seulement 275 000 L.E. Suite à ce déficit, on doit réfléchir … différemment. Un des challenges les plus importants est de trouver de … nouvelles sources de revenu. On a par exemple réfléchi à vendre les répliques … des pièces d’antiquités produites par le Centre de renouvellement de l’art. Le … ministère a aussi commencé à vendre toutes les publications depuis 2011 à des … prix réduits. Autres idées en cours : l’exploitation des palais historiques … pour la tenue de manifestations culturelles et la publicité sur les billets … des sites. ¬ 924 ¬ 925 — ¬ 926 À propos des projets archéologiques suspendus depuis 2011, comment allez-vous … les exécuter ? ¬ 927 ¬ 928 — ¬ 929 Avant la crise financière, plusieurs projets archéologiques avaient commencé … tels que le nouveau grand musée de Gîza (GEM) et le Musée national de la … Civilisation à Fustât (NMEC). Mais à cause du manque de ressources, tous ces … projets et d’autres ont été arrêtés, et plus de 20 musées dans différents … gouvernorats ont fermé leurs portes. De même, plusieurs projets de … développement et de restauration des sites archéologiques, tels que le projet … de développement du Plateau de Gîza, ont été reportés. Avec le soutien de … l’actuel gouvernement, le ministère a été chargé d’exécuter la première phase … du GEM. Les travaux doivent prendre fin vers 2017 au lieu de 2018, et quelques … salles d’exposition et des ¬ 930 ¬ 931 ¬ 932 ¬ 933 ¬ 934 activités du NMEC seront inaugurées au cours des prochains mois. ¬ 935 — ¬ 936 Êtes-vous satisfait de l’état actuel des grands musées d’Égypte ? ¬ 937 ¬ 938 — ¬ 939 Bien sûr que non. Bien que j’aie eu l’honneur de diriger le Musée Égyptien, … son état est déplorable. Aujourd’hui et après l’accord conclu avec une … compagnie privée de nettoyage, le touriste remarque qu’il y a un progrès dans … les salles et les vitrines. D’autres projets sont en cours, on appliquera un … nouveau système d’éclairage. Cela aidera à ouvrir le musée la nuit pour … encourager les gens à le visiter. ¬ 940 ¬ 941 — ¬ 942 Les autres musées et sites archéologiques ouvriront-ils le soir également ? ¬ 943 ¬ 944 — ¬ 945 On commencera par le Musée Égyptien, puis la citadelle de Salâh al-Dîn au … Caire et celle de Qâytbây à Alexandrie. Cette mesure non seulement aidera à … augmenter les revenus du ministère, mais en plus transmettra le message que /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 55/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

945… l’Égypte est un pays sûr. ¬ 946 ¬ 947 — ¬ 948 Comment pouvez-vous améliorer la formation des employés au sein du ministère ? … Et quel est le personnel dont le ministère a besoin ? ¬ 949 ¬ 950 — ¬ 951 Le ministère a besoin d’experts en marketing et en droit international pour … développer ses ressources financières. De même, on a besoin de personnel de … sécurité. Ce personnel est nécessaire pour récupérer les antiquités volées, … pour mettre en application les contrats des expositions à l’étranger ou encore … pour sécuriser les sites archéologiques. Malheureusement, le gouvernement … n’autorise pas les embauches. Nous essayons de combler ce manque avec le … personnel du ministère. Des mémorandums d’entente ont été signés avec des … institutions éducatives pour former les employés. ¬ 952 ¬ 953 En outre, nous avons demandé aux missions archéologiques étrangères de former … deux inspecteurs par mois durant leur saison de fouilles sur le territoire … égyptien. Cela permet de compenser l’insuffisance de la formation … universitaire, spécialement dans le domaine des fouilles. ¬ 954 ¬ 955 — ¬ 956 Le ministère a signé différentes conventions et des protocoles d’entente avec … plusieurs institutions étrangères. Quel est l’intérêt de ces accords ? ¬ 957 ¬ 958 ¬ 959 — ¬ 960 Les protocoles avec les universités visent à faciliter les études supérieures … aux employés. Tandis qu’avec les pays étrangers comme l’Arabie saoudite et la … Jordanie, ces accords visent à mettre fin au trafic illicite des biens … culturels et l’échange des expertises et des expositions comme avec le Musée … du Louvre. ¬ 961 ¬ 962 — ¬ 963 Le dossier du trafic illégal des antiquités paraît sans fin... ¬ 964 ¬ 965 — ¬ 966 Bien que depuis 2010 le ministère ait fondé un département pour la … récupération des antiquités volées, nous faisons face à d’énormes problèmes … juridiques, surtout pour prouver que ces pièces nous appartiennent. Le … ministère a commencé à présent à inscrire les pièces sur des registres, mais … aussi à les documenter en détail avec des photos. ¬ 967 ¬ 968 — ¬ 969 Comment améliorer le niveau des services fournis sur les sites archéologiques … ? ¬ 970 ¬ 971 — ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 56/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

972 Des services comme la sécurité, les caméras de surveillance, le système … d’éclairage en plus des magasins, des cafétérias et des restaurants qui sont … fournis sur les sites archéologiques ou dans les musées seront gérés par une … compagnie nationale holding qui regroupera des délégués de plusieurs … ministères sous la surveillance du ministère des Antiquités. Cette société … doit améliorer au fur et à mesure le niveau des services fournis qui, à son … tour, augmentera les revenus du ministère. ¬ 973 ¬ 974 — ¬ 975 Êtes-vous pour ou contre l’idée d’organiser des expositions à l’étranger ? ¬ 976 ¬ 977 — ¬ 978 Je suis complètement pour cette idée, mais selon des conditions. Il faut que … l’endroit où les pièces sont exposées soit d’un certain niveau, la … contrepartie financière doit être plus élevée et le ministère doit avoir un … pourcentage sur toute autre activité organisée en marge de ces expositions. ¬ 979 ¬ 980 — ¬ 981 Quelles sont les étapes prises pour sensibiliser le public à l’importance des … monuments ? ¬ 982 ¬ 983 — ¬ 984 L’une des priorités du ministère est la sensibilisation archéologique, en … particulier chez les enfants. C’est la manière la plus efficace pour faire … face aux fouilles clandestines et au trafic illégal. On a commencé à ouvrir … les sites archéologiques et les musées en Égypte gratuitement aux lycéens. Un … conservateur les guide à travers les salles et les pavillons. On travaille … aussi avec le ministère de l’Éducation pour distribuer dans toutes les écoles … un ¬ 985 ¬ 986 ¬ 987 ¬ 988 ¬ 989 nouvel atlas avec les sites archéologiques actuels. ¬ 990 — ¬ 991 L’ouverture des sites archéologiques ou historiques aux cérémonies de mariages … et aux fêtes privées a suscité un grand débat. Qu’en pensez-vous ? ¬ 992 ¬ 993 — ¬ 994 Lors d’une récente réunion au ministère, nous avons décidé d’interdire les … fêtes et les noces de mariage sur des sites comme le plateau de Gîza, la … citadelle de Qâytbây à Alexandrie et la forteresse de Salâh al-Dîn au Caire. … Selon le nouveau règlement, les mariages peuvent être organisés seulement dans … les jardins des palais historiques en échange d’une grande somme. J’encourage … également la tenue d’événements comme les conférences et les dîners de travail … dans les palais historiques au lieu de les tenir dans les hôtels. ¬ 995 ¬ 996 — ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 57/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

997 Retournons aux grands projets, comment évaluez-vous les travaux de la mission … du ScanPyramids Project ? ¬ 998 ¬ 999 — ¬ 1000 Cette mission travaille en Égypte depuis 2015. Nous avons formé un comité … scientifique qui surveille le travail de la mission. La pyramide est un … monument spécial dans le monde entier et elle doit être traitée avec beaucoup … de délicatesse. Même chose pour la tombe de Toutankhamon. Quand les études … n’ont pas abouti à la certitude qu’il y a quelque chose derrière les murs, on … a tout reporté. On doit s’assurer que n’importe quel projet scientifique ne … représente pas le moindre danger pour l’intégrité du monument. ¬ 1001 ¬ 1002 — ¬ 1003 La fabrication de la réplique de la tombe Séthi Ier est actuellement en cours, … quel est l’intérêt d’un tel projet ? ¬ 1004 ¬ 1005 — ¬ 1006 Le même projet a été déjà fait pour la tombe de Toutankhamon. On travaille … actuellement sur celle de Séthi Ier et on compte faire une réplique de la … tombe de Néfertari. Un tel projet est conçu pour protéger les tombes qui … reçoivent un grand nombre de visiteurs. Pour réduire les visites, on a dû … vendre les billets de Séthi et de Néfertari à 1 000 L.E. Ceux qui ne peuvent … pas payer n’ont qu’à visiter les répliques. (Nasma Réda, « Khâlid al.‘Inânî : … La sensibilisation archéologique est l’une des priorités du ministère », … Al-Ahram Hebdo du 3 août 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Interview du … ministre de l’Archéologie… », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 3 août ; Reuters « Le ministre … de l’Archéologie : Les défis sont nombreux et pas d’alternative au retour du … tourisme », Sada al-Balad, 25 août). ¬ 1007 ¬ 1008 ¬ 1009 ¬ 1010 Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî is to embark Thursday on an … inspection tour of the halls of the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization … (NMEC) to follow up the latest work undertaken in a temporary exhibition that … will soon be held in the museum’s temporary exhibition hall. ¬ 1011 Mahrûs Sa‘îd, Supervisor General of the NMEC, told Ahram Online that the NMEC … is to organize a temporary exhibition entitled Handicrafts and Industries … Along the Span of Time to show a collection of 400 artefacts carefully … selected from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr, the Coptic Museum in Old Cairo, … the Jewellery Museum in Alexandria and the Muhammad ‘Alî Palace in Manyal. ¬ 1012 The objects that have been transported to the museum include of 38 coloured … ceramic and porcelain pots, tea and coffee pots and vases from the modern era. ¬ 1013 During his inspection tour, al-‘Inânî is to meet with the museum’s … administration board and the company overseeing the project to follow up the … latest updates and discuss any problems or concerns with the exhibition’s … progress. (Nevine El-Aref, “Preparations for NMEC temporary exhibition in full … swing”, Ahram Online, August 3, 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Transfert … de 400 pièces archéologiques en vue de l’exposition sur les métiers /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 58/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1013… traditionnels organisée au NMEC », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 2 août ; ‘Alâ’ … al-Minyâwî, « Préparatifs au NMEC pour réceptionner les pièces archéologiques … destinées à l’exposition sur les métiers traditionnels », Sada al-Balad, 2 … août ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie inspecte le NMEC », … al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 24 novembre ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie en … visite d’inspection au NMEC », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 25 novembre). ¬ 1014 ¬ 1015 ¬ 1016 Après cinq ans de fermeture, le bazar du Musée Égyptien ouvre, enfin, ses … portes aux visiteurs. Avant la révolution de janvier 2011, ce bazar renfermait … des répliques d’œuvres faites par commerçants dont le revenu représentait … l’une des recettes importantes du ministère des Antiquités. Actuellement, les … œuvres qui y sont mises en vente sont les productions du ministère lui-même. … Elles varient entre répliques fabriquées au Centre de renouvellement de l’art … égyptien et les publications du ministère. ¬ 1017 « En faisant le tour des différents départements du ministère, j’ai découvert … de très belles répliques conservées depuis plusieurs années dans les dépôts. … C’était illogique de les laisser ainsi, alors que nousavions ce bazar au sein … du Musée Égyptien », explique Khâlid al-‘Inânî, ministre des Antiquités. Il a … alors inauguré le bazar avec une exposition (4 juillet-13 août) des … productions du ministère. Pour lui, ces répliques de bonne qualité sont … façonnées par les sculpteurs et artistes du Centre du renouvellement de l’art … égyptien, dirigé par l’archéologue Doris Hanna Doss, et l’Unité de la … production des répliques antiques au ministère, présidée par l’égyptologue … ‘Amr al-Tîbî. Le prix des répliques exposées est réduit de 20 %. ¬ 1018 Le même scénario est répété avec les publications du ministère. « Tous les … livres qui sont publiés par le ministère avant 2011 sont exposés en vente avec … une réduction de 75 %, et les plus récents avec seulement 20 % de réduction. … Le grand public doit profiter », reprend le ministre dans un récent discours, … tout en assurant que si l’exposition est réussie, sa durée pourra être … prolongée. ¬ 1019 Les productions exposées couvrent toutes les époques de la civilisation … égyptienne : pharaonique, copte et islamique. « Depuis l’exposition des … répliques, un grand nombre de pièce a été vendu. J’étais vraiment surprise de … ce nombre considérable de pièces vendues », souligne la directrice Doris Hanna … Doss. Vu leur facilité de transport, les petites répliques sont les plus … demandées. Les clients sont des Égyptiens et des étrangers, notamment chinois … et japonais. À noter que certains artistes du Centre du renouvellement de … l’art égyptien façonnent des répliques au sein même du bazar. « Ces petits … ateliers donnent de la crédibilité à nos productions. Ce qui encourage le … client à les acheter », reprend la directrice. En fait, le centre a reçu … plusieurs commandes d’œuvres à façonner. Cette méthode est efficace pour … accroître les recettes du centre et du ministère en général. ¬ 1020 L’Unité des répliques antiques y présente en principe des œuvres de l’Égypte … ancienne. Ses productions varient en volume entre les petites tailles de 10 … cm, comme la tête de Néfertiti, et les grandes tailles de 160 cm, comme les … célèbres gardes de Toutankhamon, son trône ou même ses sanctuaires. « Nos … ventes ont dépassé les 100 000 L.E. au cours des 10 premiers jours de /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 59/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1020… l’exposition », explique al-Tîbî, directeur de l’unité. Pour lui, les … ouchebtis de Toutankhamon, dont les prix vont de 60 à 200 L.E., sont les … best-sellers. Quant aux grandes pièces, elles servent plutôt à la photographie … de souvenir. « Ces répliques, exposées hors vitrines, peuvent être touchées et … prises en photo sans danger », commente le directeur. ¬ 1021 Selon al-Tîbî, le client cherche de belles répliques de bonne qualité comme … souvenir. Raison pour laquelle les Chinois achètent les productions du … ministère dont l’apparence est quasi authentique, mais diffère dans la … matière, qui est plus légère. Elles sont aussi accompagnées d’un certificat … tamponné par l’unité. Le bazar du Musée Égyptien n’est pas l’unique lieu de … vente des produits du ministère égyptien des Antiquités. Les Musées d’art … islamique, copte, Gayer Anderson, celui des barques solaires de Chéops et le … Musée national d’Alexandrie, tous renferment des bazars similaires. ¬ 1022 Les répliques ne sont pas les seules nouvelles recettes financières que le … ministère essaye de développer. Les publications du ministère ont, elles … aussi, attiré une clientèle considérable au bazar, entre égyptologues, … amateurs avertis et grand public. « Nous avons découvert de rares références … exposées à de modestes prix. Celles-ci sont utiles pour les étudiants de la … faculté d’Archéologie et les spécialistes », explique Ahmad Samîr, inspecteur … au Musée Égyptien. Le dictionnaire d’Ahmad Kamâl pacha et le catalogue du … temple de Kalâbsha en sont les best-sellers. ¬ 1023 ¬ 1024 ¬ 1025 Plus surprenant : certains livres présentent des monuments inconnus pour les … spécialistes. C’est l’exemple du temple al-Durr (perle), à Aswân. Pour Ahmad … Samîr, le lot de livres d’archéologie vendu durant les jours de l’exposition … reflète l’avidité du grand public pour ce type de publication. Il espère … retrouver le stand du ministère au Salon du livre du Caire et d’Alexandrie. ¬ 1026 Les musées sont par ailleurs une bonne source de recettes pour le ministère … des Antiquités. Ilhâm Salâh, directrice générale du secteur des musées, assure … que les jardins de certains établissements sont loués pour y organiser des … festivités culturelles et sociales. C’est l’exemple du jardin du musée du … Palais Manyal et le Palais Mânistirlî sur l’île de Rawda, au Caire. « Les … activités sont nombreuses comme le permet la loi des antiquités », conclut … Salâh. (Doaa Elhami, « Bazars : Les bonnes affaires du ministère », Al-Ahram … Hebdo du 3 août 2016). ¬ 1027 The Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr awarded the grant of the United States … Ambassadors Fund for Cultural Preservation (AFCP). ¬ 1028 The AFCP grant was awarded to the Egyptian Museum — whose application was … submitted in December 2015 by the museum’s then-secretary general Khâlid … al-‘Inânî — following a worldwide competition, Sabâh ‘Abd al-Râziq, first … secretary of the Egyptian Museum, told Ahram Online. ¬ 1029 She explains that the grant provides $130,000 to help in research and … assessment of the current condition, and conservation and preservation of the … Museum’s collection of wooden coffins. The coffins are currently stored in the … museum’s basement and third floor galleries ¬ 1030 The AFCP supports the preservation of cultural sites, cultural objects, and … forms of traditional cultural expression in more than 100 developing countries /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 60/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1030… around the world. ¬ 1031 AFCP-supported projects include the restoration of ancient and historic … buildings, assessment and conservation of rare manuscripts and museum … collections, preservation and protection of important archaeological sites, … and the documentation of vanishing traditional craft techniques and indigenous … languages. (Nevine El-Aref, “Egyptian museum wins cultural preservation … grant”, Ahram Online, August 3, 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le Musée … Égyptien gagne un don de 130 mille dollars », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 3 août ; Hiba … ‘Âdil, « Le Musée Égyptien gagne un don de l’AFCP », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 3 … août ; MENA, « Le Musée Égyptien gagne un don de l’AFCP », Sada al-Balad, 3 … août). ¬ 1032 Le secrétaire général du CSA, Dr Mustafa Amîn, a approuvé la mise en place de … la nouvelle ligne à haute tension de 500 kV sur une longueur de 190 Km. Il … s’agit d’un projet national qui dessert le Nord de la Haute-Égypte de Banî … Swayf jusqu’à Asyût. L’expertise conduite par le département des antiquités … égyptiennes du CSA a démontré que cette ligne à haute tension n’interfère … nullement avec les zones archéologiques de Moyenne-Égypte. (MENA, « Le CSA … approuve l’installation de la ligne à haute tension Banî Swayf-Asyût », Sada … al-Balad, 3 août 2016). ¬ 1033 Des photos d’une dizaine de pièces archéologiques ont récemment été publiées … sur la page Facebook officielle du Musée Égyptien. Objectif : faire … sélectionner celles du mois d’août après la réussite de l’expérience du vote … électronique pour celles du mois de juillet, par les visiteurs de la page. … C’était une première fois pour la direction du musée. « Grâce à notre page … officielle Facebook, j’ai invité les visiteurs à choisir la plus belle pièce … », explique Sabâh ‘Abd al-Râziq, directrice du département des expositions … temporaires. Cette initiative marque la première année d’existence de la page. … Durant les 12 mois derniers, la page a beaucoup évolué, a vu et verra … plusieurs nouveautés. ¬ 1034 Au début, Yâsmîn al-Shâzlî, ex-directrice du bureau d’enregistrement au Musée … Égyptien et assistante pour les affaires des musées au ministre des … Antiquités, a décidé de créer un compte Twitter nommé « Museum Week ». Il … publiait les chefs-d’œuvre des musées de toute l’Égypte, accueillait les … propositions et échangeait les informations concernant d’autres musées. … Ensuite, une nouvelle page officielle a été ouverte sur Facebook avec de plus … modestes moyens. D’après Imân Ahmad Hasan, responsable de la page Facebook du … musée, « seule notre page est officielle. Toutes les nouvelles du musée … (conférences, expositions, événements, célébrations) y sont diffusées. … D’ailleurs, cette page nous a aidés à diffuser le patrimoine égyptien au grand … public, égyptien ou pas, explique Hasan. L’équipe de la page y publie des … contes fabuleux de certaines pièces : le récit de la découverte du fameux … couple de l’Égypte ancienne, Rahotep et Néfert par exemple ». ¬ 1035 ¬ 1036 ¬ 1037 L’équipe de la page invente aussi des devinettes nommées « La pièce … mystérieuse ». Les visiteurs doivent répondre à des questions afin … d’identifier l’œuvre en question. Pour Hasan, cette méthode est attirante, … surtout chez les visiteurs de 13 à 14 ans. ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 61/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1038 La page est aussi enrichie de petites vidéos qui enregistrent les … restaurations des pièces récemment restituées au pays. Elle comprend encore … les photos privées que les visiteurs ont prises pendant leur visite au musée. … Actuellement, le nombre des visiteurs de la page a atteint 6 000 personnes, de … différents âges et nationalités, Arabes et Européens. ¬ 1039 D’après les jeunes égyptologues, cette page, encore à ses débuts par rapport à … celles d’autres musées mondiaux, sera enrichie de plusieurs nouveautés pour … l’interaction avec le public. Elle accueille d’ailleurs toutes les bonnes … propositions et les commentaires de ses visiteurs. (Doaa Elhami, « Facebook au … service de l’égyptologie », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 3 août 2016). ¬ 1040 ¬ 1041 ¬ 1042 On the banks of the Nile in Hilwân near Cairo in an area far from the bustle … of this now busy district stands the three-storey King Fârûq Rest House, its … modest boat-shaped architecture and quaint garden providing the impression of … a country lodge. ¬ 1043 Some 80 years ago Hilwân was a peaceful resort enjoyed by members of the royal … family, aristocrats and top government officials, and the Rest House is a … reminder of this time of pure air and lush greenery. ¬ 1044 A life-size bronze statue of an ancient Egyptian harpist greets visitors to … the Rest House, which also contains a bronze sphinx and a huge gilded clock … encrusted with precious stones and featuring golden dials. The glass frame of … the clock is decorated with golden ancient Egyptian-style crocodiles. ¬ 1045 “We have reopened the King Fârûq Rest House a month after my last visit and … created a new attraction for tourists that has been off the map for the last … five years,” Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî told Al-Ahram Weekly. … “Nothing stood in the way of its reopening,” he said, adding that the recent … work had mainly been a matter of adding labels and restoration work in the … building’s halls. ¬ 1046 The building was closed in 2011 due to the lack of security that took over the … country after the 25 January Revolution. al-‘Inânî said that for the reopening … labels were put on every artefact and piece of furniture and security measures … were reviewed. New monitoring cameras were added to the security system, old … cameras mended and broken ones replaced. “The garden has been developed for … seminars and cultural events with a cafeteria, a book store and a replicas … shop,” al-‘Inânî said. ¬ 1047 The Rest House would now be added to the Hapi Nile Tour, a trip launched by … the ministry two years ago connecting four sites located on the Nile in Cairo. … The sites are the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr Square, the Muhammad ‘Alî Manyal … Palace and the Mânistirlî Palace on Rawda Island. ¬ 1048 The land on which the Rest House was built was bought in 1916 by Italian … architecture Arsan GIOVANNI in order to build a tea kiosk for the grand hotel … then in Hilwân. In 1932, it was bought by Bek Muhammad Hâfiz and then sold to … King Fârûq in 1935, which added a large garden. ¬ 1049 The outbreak of World War II delayed construction work, but in 1942 the … building was completed and was surrounded by a botanical garden containing … rare plants. The building includes a basement with a large entrance gate at … the back where the kitchen and servants quarters are located. (Nevine El-Aref, /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 62/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1049… “Rest House reopens”, Al-Ahram Weekly, August 4, 2016. Voir également Ahmad … Gûda, « Les ministres de l’Archéologie, de la Culture et du Tourisme … inaugurent le musée Rukn Fârûq à Hilwân », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 2 août ; Hiba … ‘Âdil, « Inauguration du musée Rukn Fârûq à Hilwân, cinq années après sa … fermeture », al-Ahrâm al.‘Arabî, 2 août ; Muhammad ‘Abd al-Mu‘tî, « … Inauguration de Rukn Hilwân, cinq années après sa fermeture », al-Ahrâm, 3 … août ; Nasma Réda, « Le musée Rukn Fârûq retrouve sa fraîcheur », Al-Ahram … Hebdo du 10 août). ¬ 1050 ¬ 1051 ¬ 1052 After the success of the first exhibition of replicas from the tomb of the boy … pharaoh Tutankhamun at the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr Square in Cairo this … month, replicas of some of the treasured collection are to travel to Japan at … the end of this year. ¬ 1053 ‘Amr al-Tîbî, director of the Archaeological Replicas Unit at the Ministry of … Antiquities, said that the exhibition came within the framework of joint … cooperation between the ministry and Al-Ahram Establishment, which would pay … the packaging and transportation costs of the exhibition as well as insurance … amounting to LE37.7 million. ¬ 1054 He said the exhibition would be inaugurated in the fourth quarter of this year … in Japan and would continue for 18 days, including nine days in Tokyo and nine … in Osaka. The exhibition will feature 150 replicas of the Tutankhamun … collection produced by the unit, in addition to a number of archaeological and … scientific publications and books published by the ministry. ¬ 1055 Ilhâm Salâh, head of the Museums Section at the ministry, said the exhibition … confirmed the ministry’s keenness to try new approaches to increasing its … income. She said the success of the exhibition at the Egyptian Museum had been … central to the ministry’s decision to tour the exhibition, starting with the … planned exhibition in Japan. ¬ 1056 The exhibition also highlights the skills of the ministry’s staff, along with … efforts to revive an interest in Egyptian heritage, not only in Egypt, but … also worldwide, she said. (Nevine El-Aref, “Tutankhamun in Japan”, Al-Ahram … Weekly, August 4, 2016). ¬ 1057 ¬ 1058 The Egyptian Museum in Cairo is to put on the ancient piece of pottery … selected as the "piece of the month" on Facebook on display in the museum’s … foyer starting Friday. ¬ 1059 Ilhâm Salâh, head of the museums department at the antiquities ministry, said … that the cosmetic pot from the reign of King Tutankhamun won August’s vote for … piece of the month on the ministry’s Facebook page. ¬ 1060 The piece is a cylindric pot carved in alabaster and decorated with lotus … flowers and animals, with a lion-shaped handle. Salâh describes the piece as … “distinguished.” ¬ 1061 The "piece of the month" competition was begun last month, with ministry … officials putting 13 pieces from the museum’s collections on their Facebook … page for the vote. (Nevine El-Aref, “Egyptian Museum to display ancient pot … voted ‘piece of the month’ in foyer”, Ahram Online, August 5, 2016. Voir … également Ahmad ‘Abd al-Halîm, « Un pot de parfum choisi Piece of the month /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 63/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1061… pour le mois d’août au Musée Égyptien », al-Shurûq, 4 août ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, … « Un pot de parfum choisi Piece of the month pour le mois d’août au Musée … Égyptien », Sada al-Balad, 4 août). ¬ 1062 ¬ 1063 The restoration centre at the yet-to-opened Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) … overlooking the Gîza Plateau has started a radar survey on the alabaster … statue of King Menkawre, transported two weeks ago from the Egyptian Museum in … central Cairo. ¬ 1064 Usâma Abû al-Khayr, director of the museum’s restoration centre, told Ahram … Online on Friday that the survey would inspect all the places on the marble … statue, which had been previously restored, as well as detecting its weakest … point. ¬ 1065 ¬ 1066 ¬ 1067 A team of restorers led by Husayn Kamâl, director of technical affairs at the … restoration centre, will then draw up a restoration plan for the statue as it … is in very poor conservation condition. ¬ 1068 The statue was discovered in 1908 at Menkawre’s Valley Temple in the Gîza … Plateau. It had cracks and was incorrectly restored when first discovered. ¬ 1069 The statue depicts King Menkawre seated on a throne with his royal skirt and … crown decorated with cobra. (Nevine El-Aref, “Egyptian antiquities experts to … restore King Menkawre statue”, Ahram Online, August 5, 2016. Voir également … Ahmad Mansûr, « La statue de Mykérinos soumise à un examen radiologique au GEM … », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 4 août ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « Le roi Mykérinos subit un examen … radiologique », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 4 août ; « Examen radiologique de la … statue de Mykérinos en vue de sa restauration », al-Bashâyyir, 6 août). ¬ 1070 Le secrétaire général du CSA, Dr Mustafa Amîn, a annoncé que la mission de … l’université de Lyon travaillant à Abû Sîr sur la côte Nord a procédé au … nettoyage du bain romain mis au jour lors des précédentes campagnes de … fouille. La mission a également formé deux inspecteurs du CSA dans le cadre de … la coopération bilatérale. (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Une mission de l’université de … Lyon nettoie le bain romain à Abû Sîr », Sada al-Balad, 5 août 2016). ¬ 1071 ¬ 1072 Le secrétaire général du CSA, Dr Mustafa Amîn, a annoncé que la mission de … l’Universidad de Santo Domingo a procédé au nettoyage et au désherbage du … temple de Taposiris Magna (Abû Sîr) ainsi que des tombes n° 1 et 2. Par … ailleurs, la mission a utilisé un radar GPR sous la supervision du Centre de … recherches et de Maintenance. Elle a également photographié et documenté le … site conformément à l’autorisation accordée par le Comité permanent. (‘Alâ’ … al-Minyâwî, « La mission de l’Universidad de Santo Domingo a désherbé le … temple de Taposiris Magna », Sada al-Balad, 6 août 2016). ¬ 1073 ¬ 1074 The Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) overlooking the Gîza Plateau received 418 … artefacts from the collection of third dynasty King Djoser for restoration … before they are put on display at their permanent location at the GEM during … its official opening. ¬ 1075 The artefacts, said Usâma Abû al-Khayr, chargé d’affaires of the GEM … supervisor-general, arrived from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr and include of /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 64/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1075… a collection of alabaster pots, pans and jars that belong to King Djoser, who … built the Saqqâra Step Pyramid. ¬ 1076 ‘Îsa Zaydân, director-general of preliminary restoration at the GEM, told … Ahram Online that the collection arrived yesterday from Tell al.Rub‘a in … al-Mansûra and is now being unpacked and prepared for restoration at the GEM … lab. The collection, he continued, includes 2,500 objects from different … ancient Egyptian dynasties. ¬ 1077 Among them is a granite statue of 30th dynasty King Nectanebo I, a collection … of limestone sarcophagi from the late period, as well as a collection of … amulets and alabaster pots from the pre-dynastic period. ¬ 1078 A statue from the New Kingdom of the goddess Isis breastfeeding her son Horus … is also among the collection. (Nevine El-Aref, “King Djoser funerary … collection arrives at Grand Egyptian Museum”, Ahram Online, August 8, 2016. … Voir également Hiba ‘Âdil, « 418 pièces archéologiques arrivent au GEM », … al-Ahrâm al.‘Arabî, 7 août ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « 418 pièces archéologiques … arrivent au GEM », Sada al-Balad, 7 août ; Muhammad ‘Abd al-Mu‘tî, « Le GEM … accueille 418 pièces archéologiques », al-Ahrâm, 8 août). ¬ 1079 The number of visitors to museums around Egypt in the last week of July … reached 23,498, with an income totalling EGP 745,533 ($84,431), the secretary … general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities announced. ¬ 1080 Mustafa Amîn also said that the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr received the most … visitors, at 17,206, while revenues reached EGP 624,101 ($70,679). ¬ 1081 ¬ 1082 ¬ 1083 “This indicates that the number of visitors to Egypt has increased which in … turn suggests that the tourism industry in Egypt is on its way to recovery,” … Amîn told Ahram Online. (Nevine El-Aref, “Number of Egyptian museums visitors … increases”, Ahram Online, August 8, 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Les … musées égyptiens ont accueilli 24 mille visiteurs au cours d’une semaine », … al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 8 août ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « 23 498 personnes ont fréquenté … les musées égyptiens en juillet », Sada al-Balad, 8 août). ¬ 1084 ¬ 1085 ¬ 1086 Vue générale de la cité islamique. (Photo : Ministère égyptien de … l’Archéologie) ¬ 1087 C’est avec une donation japonaise de 2,7 millions de L.E. augmentée pour … atteindre les 3 millions de L.E. que le projet de restauration de la cité … islamique ancienne al-Qasr (le palais) a connu une première phase … d’achèvement. La cité se situe à une trentaine de kilomètres au nord de … Dâkhla, dans le gouvernorat de la Nouvelle Vallée, et la première phase du … projet, qui renferme huit éléments architecturaux, a pris fin en février … dernier pour être inaugurée la semaine dernière par le Dr Khâlid al-‘Inânî, … ministre des Antiquités. ¬ 1088 Ce projet est conduit par l’Association du développement de la société en … coopération avec le ministère de la Solidarité sociale, représenté par le … Fonds social pour le développement, sous la supervision du ministère des … Antiquités égyptiennes. « L’objectif essentiel de ce projet est la … restauration et la conservation d’une cité ancienne exemplaire de l’époque /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 65/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1088… ottomane (XVIe siècle), encore présente. Ces travaux sont effectués par la … jeunesse de la communauté locale », explique Kamâl Bayyûmî, chef des … inspecteurs des Antiquités islamiques à Dâkhla. Pour lui, la restauration a … fourni de l’emploi aux jeunes de la région, les a rendus plus consciencieux … des richesses archéologiques, tout en soutenant la protection et la … conservation du patrimoine islamique national. ¬ 1089 La première phase a demandé un an de travail en 2015-2016. Elle a concerné le … moulin de hadj Ismâ‘îl et son entrée, les maisons de Qandîl, d’Abû ‘Abd … al-Mun‘im, des héritiers Abû Ismâ‘îl et celle de Mahdî ‘Awada ; ainsi que les … ruelles couvertes dénommées saqîfa, terme dérivé de « plafond » en arabe. À … l’époque ottomane, les rues couvertes étaient l’une des caractéristiques de la … cité islamique, afin de protéger du soleil. ¬ 1090 D’après Kamâl Bayyûmî, l’état de ces éléments architecturaux était déplorable. … Les maisons sur les rues principales de la cité étaient presque écroulées, … menaçant les visiteurs. « Leur restauration était urgente », renchérit … Bayyûmî. Ces bâtiments sont soumis à une restauration architecturale globale … de qualité. « Aujourd’hui, les consolidations de brique crue abîmée sont … remplacées ; les fissures sont traitées ; les murs détruits sont reconstruits, … tout en respectant leur dimension d’origine. Les murs sont recouverts d’une … couche protectrice semblable à l’ancienne ; enfin, les portes et les fenêtres … de bois sont restaurées et renforcées », explique l’ingénieur Wa‘d Abû … al-‘Ilâ, directeur du secteur des projets au ministère des Antiquités. ¬ 1091 ¬ 1092 Une salle de l’une des maisons restaurées. (Photo : Ministère égyptien de … l’Archéologie) ¬ 1093 Vu son emplacement stratégique dans le désert Occidental, la cité islamique « … était le carrefour de plusieurs routes anciennes. Elle se trouvait sur la … route principale des convois commerciaux, celle des pèlerins du Maghreb et des … tribus qui partaient pour La Mecque », a précisé le ministre dans son discours … d’inauguration. Autre importance, selon Ahmad Kamâl, membre du bureau … scientifique au ministère, la cité d'al-Qasr est l’unique exemple de cité … islamique avec une architecture de l’époque ottomane encore présente en … Égypte. ¬ 1094 ¬ 1095 ¬ 1096 De loin et avant de franchir la cité, le visiteur peut remarquer le minaret … ayyoubide de sa mosquée Nasr al-Dîn, la plus connue des mosquées de toute … l’oasis. Elle a été restaurée au XIXe siècle. La cité renferme des quartiers … d’habitation avec des ruelles étroites, des moulins à blé et maïs, un pressoir … et un tribunal. « Les vestiges témoignent de sa prospérité au cours de … différentes époques », explique Magdî ‘Atiyya, guide touristique de l’oasis de … Dâkhla. ¬ 1097 Mais la cité ottomane était occupée bien avant cette époque. Les origines … d’al-Qasr sont romaines, d’après les documents dégagés récemment par des … fouilles. Les constructions islamiques de la cité ont été bâties sur les … vestiges ensevelis d’une forteresse romaine, dont on peut encore voir les … ruines d’une muraille. ¬ 1098 Des poteries datant des IVe et Ve siècles, ainsi que des ostraca coptes y ont /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 66/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1098… été retrouvés, témoignant de l’identité des premiers occupants de la ville. … Les constructions islamiques portent, elles aussi, des traces prouvant … qu’al-Qasr remonte à une période plus reculée que l’époque romaine. La maison … d’Abû Nâfir, qui a été restaurée il y a quelques années, « fut érigée avec un … nombre considérable de blocs en provenance du temple ptolémaïque. On y trouve … encore des hiéroglyphes gravés sur les linteaux de certaines maisons », … reprend ‘Atiyya. ¬ 1099 Ces éléments permettent d’affirmer que les bâtisseurs de l’époque ottomane ont … ciselé les pierres d’un temple ptolémaïque qui se trouvait à proximité, au … lieu de se rendre dans les carrières alentour. Cette richesse architecturale … issue de plusieurs époques fait d’al-Qasr une cité unique en son genre. « Vu … la grandeur des bâtiments de cette cité, les Arabes l’ont nommée al-Qasr », … renchérit l’expert Kamâl. ¬ 1100 Parmi les constructions de la cité al-Qasr, le tribunal apparaît comme l’une … des plus importantes. Il s’agit d’un vaste bâtiment voûté. À l’entrée, une … plaque en bois rouge indique son entrée. Au sein de l’édifice se trouve une … cour où les juges et leurs adjoints s’installaient pour rendre leur jugement. … Derrière eux se dresse toujours une étagère où étaient rangés les dossiers des … procès. L’édifice est annexé d’un échafaud. Le tribunal de la cité antique … était un complexe abritant toutes les procédures législatives. ¬ 1101 La cité d'al-Qasr était et reste le modèle des cités islamiques répandues en … Égypte à une époque donnée et qui ont disparu au fil des âges. Une fois la … première phase de restauration terminée, une seule maison a été réutilisée … comme musée anthropologique. Dans l’attente de la deuxième phase de … restauration, et du retour des touristes, les guides et les inspecteurs des … antiquités ambitionnent d’aménager les maisons restaurées en bazars et … cafétérias. (Doaa Elhami, « al-Qasr, cité touristique prometteuse », Al-Ahram … Hebdo du 10 août 2016). ¬ 1102 ¬ 1103 ¬ 1104 The four bronze lions guarding the two ends of the Qasr al-Nîl Bridge linking … Gezira to Tahrîr Square in downtown Cairo have witnessed a great deal since … they were first set up at the end of the 19th century, from the romantic … dating of young couples staring at the Nile to the roars of the millions of … Egyptians who marched over the bridge during the 25 January Revolution … chanting for freedom, equality and the toppling of the former Mubârak regime. ¬ 1105 They have witnessed major political and social events across the span of … Cairo’s history. In 1898, the lions served as toll stations for farmers and … merchants crossing the Nile to the large market in what is now Tahrîr Square … where they exchanged and traded goods. ¬ 1106 According to author Shafîqa Sulaymân Hamamsî in her book Zamalek: The Changing … Life of a Cairo Elite, farmers and merchants stopped at the lions to pay a tax … to cross over to reach the market. The tax depended on the type of goods and … the means of transportation passing through. Owners of donkeys paid one and . … piasters while the owners of old camels paid two piasters. Those owning young … camels paid only . piaster. ¬ 1107 ¬ 1108 ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 67/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1109 The lions witnessed major accidents that took place on the bridge. Among the … most talked about was that of royal cabinet advisor and sometime desert … explorer and first ever Egyptian Olympic gold medallist Ahmad Hasanayn in … 1946. ¬ 1110 The funeral processions of various prominent public figures took place along … the bridge in front of the lions, among them the funeral of late president … Gamâl ‘Abd al-Nâsir in September 1970 when dozens of heads of state and … government marched across the bridge behind his coffin. The funerals of … beloved singers Umm Kulthûm and ‘Abd al-Halîm Hâfiz also passed along the … bridge. ¬ 1111 During the 25 January Revolution, the lions witnessed peaceful protesters … chanting to topple the former Mubârak regime as well as battles against … teargas and rubber bullets. When former president Husnî Mubârak finally … resigned, the lions witnessed victory as some protestors climbed onto their … pedestals to hold up the Egyptian flag. Similar scenes were repeated on 30 … June and 3 July 2013 when protestors toppled the Muslim Brotherhood regime. ¬ 1112 However, this history has taken its toll on the magnificent lions. ‘Izzat … Salîb, director of the restoration of archaeological sites and museums in … Greater Cairo, told Al-Ahram Weekly that the lions were suffering from erosion … and that the graffiti written on them by protestors had had negative effects. ¬ 1113 Restorers from the Ministry of Antiquities were working at full swing for two … shifts a day to meet the deadline for the restoration of the lions by the end … of August, he said. Graffiti and previous paint on the lions has had to be … removed, and their surfaces cleaned with lasers and using nano-technology to … consolidate the bodies. ¬ 1114 “An anti-graffiti material is to be used to cover the surfaces of the lions to … prevent the writing of graffiti or painting on them,” Gharîb Sunbul, head of … restoration, told the Weekly. He said that this material could not prevent the … writing of graffiti, but it could facilitate its removal using only a dry rag. ¬ 1115 ‘Îsa Zaydân, director of restoration at the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM), told … the Weekly that the lions were previously restored in 1998 and the present … project was under the supervision of the cabinet. The working team includes … restorers, professors of fine arts and archaeologists. ¬ 1116 The lions have been suffering from calcification and thick layers of paint due … to the polishing of the statues over time. Graffiti is spread all over them. … Zaydân said that the restoration included mechanical and chemical cleaning as … well as covering the statues with a special layer to protect the bronze from … corrosion. The work will cost some LE90,000. ¬ 1117 The history of the lions goes back to 1869, when the khedive Ismâ‘îl … commissioned famous French sculptor Henri-Alfred JACQUEMART to make four … bronze lions and a statue of the viceroy Muhammad ‘Alî. At the same time … French sculptor Henri Joseph Charles CORDIER was commissioned to make a statue … of Ibrâhîm Pasha. ¬ 1118 The lions were originally intended to stand guard around the Muhammad ‘Alî … statue in Alexandria, but were instead set up to guard the ends of the … newly-built Khedive Ismâ‘îl Bridge that linked Ismâ‘îliyya (Tahrîr Square and … downtown) with Gezira, (Zamâlik) in 1872. ¬ 1119 When King Fu’âd took the throne in the early decades of the last century he /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 68/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1119… ordered the renovation of the bridge. In 1933, it was reopened after … reconstruction and opened twice a day for ships and boats to continue on their … way up the Nile. After the 1952 Revolution the name of the bridge was changed … to the Qasr al-Nîl Bridge, and since then it has never been opened. ¬ 1120 JACQUEMART’s works in Egypt include the Muhammad ‘Alî statue in Alexandria … from 1869, the Sulaymân Pasha statue from 1874, and the statue of Muhammad … Lâzughlî Bey from 1875. (Nevine El-Aref, “Cairo lions revamped”, Al-Ahram … Weekly, August 11, 2016. Voir également Nevine El-Aref, “The Four Lions of … Cairo’s Qasr al-Nîl Bridge almost ready to roar”, Ahram Online, August 19). ¬ 1121 The town of Samannûd is located on the eastern bank of the Nile branch leading … to Damietta and is not only one of Egypt’s most important administrative … centres but also has a distinguished history, being the capital of the country … in ancient times during the rule of the Third Dynasty. ¬ 1122 ¬ 1123 ¬ 1124 It has a particular value for Egyptian Christians as the Holy Family passed by … Bilbays, part of Samannûd, during their journey into Egypt. A church was built … named after the Virgin Mary in Samannûd, and when this fell into ruins a new … one was built on the same site named after St Abânûb. ¬ 1125 ¬ 1126 The church today contains a courtyard containing a well believed to have been … blessed by the infant Jesus, now covered to protect it from pollution, and a … large granite bowl in which the Virgin is believed to have made bread. The … bowl is also covered to protect it, and it now contains holy water that people … can touch as a blessing. ¬ 1127 The church contains a shrine containing the remains of Saint Abânûb the … Martyr, and in the same region the relics of a further 8,000 early Christian … martyrs can be found. The church was officially reopened this week by Minister … of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî after a period of restoration. ¬ 1128 Head of the Islamic and Coptic Antiquities Department at the ministry … al-Sayyid Hilmî told Al-Ahram Weekly that in 2003 monks at the church had … asked the then Supreme Council of Antiquities to restore it using funds that … they would help provide. ¬ 1129 The work began in 2005 under the supervision of the ministry and included the … restoration of the building itself as well as its decorative elements. ¬ 1130 ¬ 1131 The walls and foundations of the church have been consolidated, cracks … repaired, and the ceiling covered to prevent the leakage of rain into the … building. Damaged wooden elements were replaced by new similar ones and ruined … plaster layers removed. ¬ 1132 ¬ 1133 Palais al-Shinnâwî ¬ 1134 During his visit to the church for the reopening, the minister also embarked … on an inspection tour of the al-Shinnâwî Palace in al-Mansûra, giving the … go-ahead to a long-awaited restoration project. ¬ 1135 Gharîb Sunbul, head of the Restoration Administration, told the Weekly that … the palace was in poor condition because it had been used by the Mansûra … University as an administration building. This had led to changes in the /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 69/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1135… palace’s structure as well as to its internal decoration. ¬ 1136 Preliminary restoration had taken place, Sunbul said, explaining that this had … involved the consolidation of the ceilings and covering the roof with a … protective layer halting the leakage of water into the building. The … restoration work would now start as soon as possible in order to rescue this … great Italian.style palace, he said. ¬ 1137 The palace belonged to Muhammad Bek al-Shinnâwî, a former member of … parliament. It was built in 1928 on 4,164 m2 and includes a basement and two … main floors. It was subsequently designated a “House of the Nation” like … nationalist politician Sa‘d Zaghlûl’s house in Cairo because it was a meeting … point for political figures. ¬ 1138 al-‘Inânî announced that after restoration the palace would be converted into … a museum displaying artefacts discovered in al-Mansûra. (Nevine El-Aref, … “Restoration projects in the Delta”, Al-Ahram Weekly, August 11, 2016. Voir … également Ahmad Fathî, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie inaugure l’église du … martyr Abânûb après sa restauration », al-Watan, 6 août ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « … Le ministre de l’Archéologie inspecte le palais al-Shinnâwî », Sada al-Balad, … 6 août ; ‘Alâ’ Shibl, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie inaugure l’église Abânûb … après sa restauration », al-Shurûq, 6 août ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « Le ministre de … l’Archéologie inaugure l’église Abânûb dans le gouvernorat d’al-Gharbiyya », … al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 6 août ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie … inaugure aujourd’hui l’église Abânûb à al-Gharbiyya », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 6 … août ; Ahmad Abû Shanab, « En présence du ministre de l’Archéologie et du … gouverneur : inauguration de l’église de la Vierge après sa restauration », … al-Ahrâm, 7 août ; Nasma Réda, « L’église Abânûb fait peau neuve », Al-Ahram … Hebdo du 24 août). ¬ 1139 ¬ 1140 ¬ 1141 The archaeological area around the Pyramids of Gîza is one of the most famous … and most important historic sites in the world. It has a special place in the … hearts of tourists and visitors of all nationalities. Daily News Egypt toured … the site and discovered the latest developments of the Ministry of … Antiquities’ plan to improve it and make visitors’ time there more enjoyable. ¬ 1142 The project includes the construction of a visitor’s centre, as well as second … entrance to the site from Fayyûm road, which will later become the main … entrance, in order to prevent traffic and congestion on al-Ahrâm road. ¬ 1143 ¬ 1144 Director General of the Giza Plateau Ashraf Muhyyî (DNE Photo) ¬ 1145 Director General of the Gîza Plateau Ashraf Muhyyî said that the Ministry of … Antiquities is preparing to finalise all works of the second (and last) phase … of the development project, which will be opened before the end of the year. … He added that 70% of the total work has already been completed. ¬ 1146 The remaining 30% will be completed within the next few months. This includes … finishing the administration building and the visitor’s centre, as well as … completing the roads around the site and contracting with companies that … supply electric cars. ¬ 1147 The first phase of the project had already been completed before 2011, … including the new ticket building and the construction of a new entrance on /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 70/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1147… Fayyûm road, in addition to fencing the site. ¬ 1148 The final stage includes moving the main entrance — currently located next to … Mena House Hotel — to Fayyûm road. ¬ 1149 The new entrance will feature a wide-space parking lot to accommodate tourist … buses and visitors’ cars. Visitors of the site will then be welcomed through … the Visitors Centre, which will include stereographs of the pyramids and the … monuments within the site, along with a map to the area. Moreover, the centre … will have a theatre to play a short six-minute documentary introducing … visitors to the site and its monuments. ¬ 1150 Following the development, the site will offer electric cars to transport … visitors around the shrines and monuments. The tour includes the three Great … Pyramids, Khufu ship, and the Sphinx. The cars will then take visitors back to … the parking lot. ¬ 1151 The Ministry of Antiquities is considering a number of offers submitted by … companies to secure the electric cars based on their efficiency and the cars’ … ability to withstand the terrain, Muhyyî said. ¬ 1152 A special area will be designated for a promenade where horses and camels can … be ridden. Bazaars and vendors will be moved to an area adjacent to the main … entrance. ¬ 1153 The Ministry of Antiquities plans to put forward a tender to rent out 50 … bazaars that will be established before the end of this year in conjunction … with the opening of the site. ¬ 1154 Gîza Plateau is currently inventorying a list of street vendors in the site to … organise them. Muhyyî added that small kiosks would be built in the bazaar … area for vendors to lease. ¬ 1155 Further, there will be buildings for the Tourism Police, for ticketing with … seven electronic gates, as well as a Civil Protection building with fire … engines and ambulances, to ensure the protection and security of the site and … people there. The development plan includes the establishment of four … helipads. ¬ 1156 Queen Service, one of the National Service Project organisations for the … Ministry of Defence, will be tasked with overseeing the maintenance of the … public restrooms on site, the number of which will also be increased prior to … the opening. ¬ 1157 ¬ 1158 ¬ 1159 According to Muhyyî, a company affiliated to the National Defence Council has … been supervising the project since the beginning of negotiations with the … contractor and will continue to do so until the project is handed over. ¬ 1160 The total cost of the project stands at EGP 349m, of which EGP 200m has been … spent already. The Ministry of Antiquities secured EGP 149m before 2011 to … complete the first phase. ¬ 1161 The Ministry of Tourism is to provide EGP 51m for the establishment of the … administrative building, gates, Visitors Centre, and the Civil Protection … building, as well as the promenade area and its services. This sum will also … be used to fence the site and build the internal roads network and the parking … space. ¬ 1162 Both the ministries of antiquities and tourism have been coordinating to /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 71/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1162… secure the remaining cost of the project amounting to EGP 150m. ¬ 1163 The pyramids area development project began in 2009 and was scheduled to be … completed by 2012; however, the financial bottleneck of the Ministry of … Antiquities has put the project on hold over the past few years, Muhyyî … explained. ¬ 1164 The new administrative building will include an office ready to host the … Ministry of Antiquities for three days a week to facilitate his overseeing the … development project and the establishment of the Grand Egyptian Museum. ¬ 1165 The final stage of the project includes the restoration of archaeological … tombs and cemeteries and ancient buildings in the area. ¬ 1166 The Arab Organisation for Industrialisation has surveyed the area for the … installation of security cameras and maintenance of the existing surveillance … system. It will also work to install solar-powered lights to illuminate the … surrounding desert. Currently, there are 197 cameras on the site, of which 61 … are offline. ¬ 1167 The area is expected to attract more tourists after the development project is … completed. ¬ 1168 ¬ 1169 Chief Antiquities Inspector of the Gîza Plateau Wâ’il Fathî Mursî ¬ 1170 (DNE Photo) ¬ 1171 ¬ 1172 Chief Antiquities Inspector of the Gîza Plateau Wâ’il Fathî Mursî explained … that the flow of tourists visiting Egypt is somewhat low, but is usually … steady in the summer season due to domestic tourists and tourists from the … region visiting. ¬ 1173 The total number of visitors in July was 148,000, including 3,992 foreigners, … 13,595 foreign students, 85,302 Egyptians, and 45,198 Egyptian students. The … total revenue registered was EGP 3.2m, according to Mursî. ¬ 1174 Ticket prices are EGP 5 for Egyptian students and EGP 10 for Egyptians. The … pass for the Great Pyramid of Gîza, and for the Pyramid of Khufu, is EGP 30 … for Egyptians and EGP 20 for Egyptian students. The Pyramid of Menkaure is EGP … 10 for Egyptians and EGP 5 for Egyptian students. There is also an EGP 10 … ticket for Egyptians to enter the Tomb of Meresankh, which is EGP 5 for … Egyptian students. ¬ 1175 As for foreigners, the main ticket is EGP 20 for non-students and EGP 40 for … students. The ticket for entering the Great Pyramid is EGP 200 for … non-students and EGP 100 for students. The third pyramid ticket is EGP 40 for … non-students and EGP 20 for students. The Tomb of Meresankh costs EGP 50 for … non.students and EGP 25 for foreign students. (Basma Ragab, “Pyramids … archaeological development project 70% complete, scheduled for opening before … year’s end”, Daily News Egypt, August 11, 2016. Voir également ‘Alâ’ … al-Minyâwî, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie : Nous avons dépensé 200 millions … L.E. sur les 350 millions consacrées au développement du plateau de Gîza », … Sada al-Balad, 1er août). ¬ 1176 ¬ 1177 ¬ 1178 ¬ 1179 ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 72/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1180 Does he look familiar? The reconstructed face of a 4,000-year-old Egyptian … mummy is now on display at a German museum. A wealthy civil servant in Ancient … Egypt, he is now one of the world’s best-researched mummies. He is known as … Idu II, and is affectionately called “Mr. Idu” by the researchers who’ve … studied him for many years. ¬ 1181 Now the Roemer-und Pelizaeus-Museum in Hildesheim in northern Germany has … reconstructed the face of the man who worked for Pharaoh Pepi around 2200 BC. … A digital representation of his face goes on display Friday as part of the … exhibition “Mummies of the World” that runs through August 28. ¬ 1182 A three-dimensional model of Idu’s face has been cast, but still needs to be … painted before going on permanent display in the museum. ¬ 1183 With the life-size version of the mummy’s head “we are going back 4,000 … years,” Egyptologist Oliver GAUERT said Friday while presenting the foam … version of the head in Hildesheim. “You can look a person in the face.” ¬ 1184 Idu II was a governor in Ancient Egypt. Researchers have concluded that he was … 1.66 meters (5.44 feet) tall. He is also said to be right-handed and not … muscular. As a welcome importer of wood from Lebanon, he was able to afford a … coffin made out of cedar wood. ¬ 1185 The Idu’s burial chamber was discovered in 1914 by Wilhelm PELIZAEUS, who … co-founded the Hildesheim museum. ¬ 1186 Roemer-und Pelizaeus-Museum, which maintains one of the most significant … Ancient Egyptian collections in the world, plans to create a separate … exhibition room to display the mummy, the reconstruction of his head, and the … treasures that were found with him in his grave: a head rest, numerous staffs, … shell dishes and pieces of gold jewellery. (Deutsche Welle, “German museum … presents face of Egyptian mummy”, Daily News Egypt, August 12, 2016). ¬ 1187 ¬ 1188 Lors de sa dernière réunion présidée par le secrétaire général du CSA, Dr … Mustafa Amîn, le Comité permanent des antiquités islamiques et coptes a … approuvé la demande présentée par le Polish Centre of Mediterranean … Archaeology in Cairo (PCMA), afin de poursuivre ses travaux ¬ 1189 1er¬ 1190 à Dayr al-Naqlûn dans le Fayyûm du septembre au 9 octobre 2016. Les activités … de la mission englobent entre autres les travaux de maintenance de l’église de … l’ange Gabriel et la formation de trois archéologues égyptiens. (Ahmad Mansûr, … « Le Comité permanent autorise la mission polonaise à poursuivre ses travaux … dans le monastère Gabriel dans le Fayyûm », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 14 août 2016. … Voir également ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le CSA autorise le PCMA à poursuivre ses … travaux dans le Dayr al-Naqlûn dans le Fayyûm », Sada al-Balad, 14 août). ¬ 1191 ¬ 1192 ¬ 1193 Curators of Mallawî Museum in the Upper Egyptian City of Minyâ are busy … putting the final touches to the museum’s exhibitions for a reopening expected … to happen in the coming weeks. ¬ 1194 In August 2013, the museum was looted and damaged following unrest sparked by … the ousting of president Muhammad Mursî. The damaged showcases have since been … repaired and replaced, 900 artifacts of the 1,050 total collections have been … recovered, and the exhibition design has been updated. ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 73/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1195 “The new exhibition design focuses on highlighting Egypt’s identity and the … means of loyalty towards our country Egypt,” Ilhâm Salâh, head of the Museum … Department at the antiquities ministry told Ahram Online. She added that … during the restoration walls and floors had been cleaned and damaged materials … replaced. ¬ 1196 ¬ 1197 ¬ 1198 The restoration work was carried out by the National Service Agency of the … army under the supervision of the antiquities ministry, she said. (Nevine … El-Aref, “Newly restored Mallawî Museum in Egypt’s Minyâ to reopen in weeks”, … Ahram Online, August 19, 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le département … des musées commence le scénario muséologique du musée de Mallawî », al-Yawm … al-Sâbi‘, 4 août). ¬ 1199 ¬ 1200 The Ministry of Antiquities launched Wednesday on its official Facebook page a … poll where voters get to select the Egyptian Museum’s September piece of the … month, which will be put on display at the museum. ¬ 1201 The Egyptian Museum undersecretary for archaeological affairs, Sabâh ‘Abd … al-Râziq, said that the voting will be open for seven days and that voters … will get to choose their favourite object from six artefacts carefully … selected from the Egyptian Museum’s treasured collection. ¬ 1202 “These objects will be put on display for the first time, as they had … previously been in storage in the museum’s basement,” ‘Abd al-Râziq told Ahram … Online. ¬ 1203 ‘Abd al-Râziq said the artefacts include a Middle Kingdom royal head of a king … wearing the crown, a stele engraved with the image of three persons raising … their arms in the Oaranos fashion, and an anthropoid wooden sarcophagus lid. … (Nevine El-Aref, “Voting begins on Egyptian Museum’s September piece of the … month”, Ahram Online, August 24, 2016). ¬ 1204 « Aujourd’hui, nous allons cuisiner la galette préférée du roi Ramsès III … (1186-1155 av. J.-C.), la galette shaïte. Elle se compose de souchet broyé, de … miel et de dattes ». C’est avec ces propos que l’égyptologue Amîra Siddîq, du … National Center for Documentation of Cultural and Natural Heritage (CULTNAT), … a commencé son atelier. « Toutes bonnes choses » au Centre des enfants pour la … civilisation et la créativité, basé à Héliopolis. ¬ 1205 Cette expression vient de l’ancien égyptien où la nourriture était appelée « … bonne chose ». À travers les scènes descriptives présentes sur différentes … tombes, comme celle du souverain Ramsès III, les enfants ont reconnu les … fameux céréales, légumes, viandes, volailles, poissons et fromages qui … composaient la gastronomie de cette époque lointaine. Si les parois des tombes … de toutes les dynasties de l’Égypte ancienne décrivent la nourriture, « seules … celles du Nouvel Empire en décrivent les recettes », commente l’égyptologue. ¬ 1206 ¬ 1207 Au sein de l’une des salles du Centre des enfants pour la civilisation et la … créativité, une quinzaine d’entre eux (de 4 à 14 ans) se sont regroupés devant … ces scènes projetées et ont écouté attentivement les récits de la spécialiste. … « J’aime faire une galette et la manger », crie la voix infantile de Gannate, … 4 ans. Certaines scènes exposent la culture et la moisson des céréales de /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 74/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1207… l’époque. Ce sont le blé, le maïs et l’orge. Le brai était utilisé dans la … fabrication de la bière. Cette boisson était d’usage à cette époque. ¬ 1208 D’autres décrivent la préparation du pain : les céréales sont broyées en … farine, façonnées pour devenir une pâte, puis mélangées avec une levure avant … d’être laissées au repos. Une fois la pâte levée, elle est passée au four. « … Le ferment qui compose la levure est une création égyptienne. L’Égypte a connu … 200 types de baguettes de pain, comme le battaw, qui est connu en Haute-Égypte … jusqu’à aujourd’hui », précise l’égyptologue, qui souligne l’importance du … pain pour les Égyptiens jusqu’à nos jours. On l’appelle « ‘aysh » signifiant « … vie » en arabe. Le pain est pour les Égyptiens l’essence de la vie. ¬ 1209 Une série de scènes représente les légumes qui se cultivaient à l’époque, … comme le concombre d’Égypte, l’oignon, les laitues, la fève, la lentille, … l’ail et le taro. Un troisième type de scènes explique la variété de volailles … qui y existaient. « Les longues nuques des oies sont penchées pour ramasser … les graines éparpillées sur le sol. Et sur une autre image, on voit une femme … en train de nourrir elle-même les oies en mettant les graines directement dans … leurs becs », raconte Abânûb, 9 ans, étonné. « Pourquoi fait-elle ça ? », … a-t-il demandé. D’après l’égyptologue Siddîq, ces deux méthodes … d’engraissement des volailles sont toujours présentes aujourd’hui dans les … campagnes, ce sont deux façons de faire différentes. ¬ 1210 ¬ 1211 ¬ 1212 Les volailles représentées sur les tombes anciennes sont les oies, les … canards, les pigeons et les cailles. Les dessins représentent également les … différentes étapes de préparation des volailles : égorgées, nettoyées, puis … bouillies, rôties ou farcies. « Ces volailles étaient farcies, avec du riz … n’est-ce pas ? », demande l’une des mères des enfants. D’après l’égyptologue, … elles étaient farcies d’oignon, car le riz n’était pas encore connu à cette … époque. Il est venu plus tard d’Asie. L’Égypte ancienne était aussi connue … pour l’élevage des ovins dont on mangeait la viande. « On emmenait les animaux … brouter en traversant la rivière. C’est beau ! », souligne Bishoy, 9 ans, sous … le charme de ce tableau idyllique. ¬ 1213 Pour que toutes ces informations soient accessibles aux enfants, « on leur a … distribué des bandes dessinées pharaoniques à colorer », explique … l’égyptologue. « Je suis en train de colorier un homme en train de dépecer une … bête », explique Ahmad de 10 ans. Il continue : « La viande est ensuite coupée … en morceaux comme chez le boucher de notre quartier ». ‘Amr, lui, a préféré … colorier les poissons séchés et salés, étalés sur de grandes nattes au sol. ¬ 1214 Une fois le coloriage terminé, les dessins sont ramassés, et les responsables … apportent les ingrédients de la galette shaïte, la galette préférée de Ramsès … III. Une boissellerie (récipient de terre servant de mesure), de la farine de … souchet, du miel et des dattes ont remplacé les couleurs et les illustrations. … Quelques enfants mesurent trois boisselleries de farine qu’ils mélangent à de … l’eau. Un deuxième groupe coupe et remplit une boissellerie de dattes. Et un … troisième la mélange à une autre mesure de miel. Le tout est alors précuit … pendant que la pâte est préparée. Les petites mains s’activent alors pour … former des galettes de différentes formes. Les œuvres sont alors mises au feu. … Tout le monde est ravi et déguste la shaïte du jour. ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 75/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1215 « Cette galette est très facile à réaliser avec les enfants. Mais il y a de … nombreuses recettes », ajoute l’égyptologue Shaymâ’. Les deux expertes … espèrent que la gastronomie de l’Égypte ancienne reviendra au goût du jour, … bien que les Égyptiens d’aujourd’hui aient conservé certaines coutumes … alimentaires comme par exemple celle de mélanger de l’oignon à de la fève ou … encore cuisiner des pigeons farcis à l’oignon. L’alimentation égyptienne est … variée, elle a été le sujet de plusieurs livres comme La Cuisine de l’Égypte … ancienne, de Pierre TALLET, et Pain, bière et toutes bonnes choses... De … l’alimentation de l’Égypte ancienne, de Madeleine Peters DESTERACT. Et ce … patrimoine immatériel, qui mérite d’être étudié plus en profondeur, a retenu … allègrement les enfants pendant trois heures. (Doaa Elhami, « L’art culinaire … pharaonique pour les enfants », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 24 août 2016. Voir également … Ahmad Gûda, « L’art du dessin chez les anciens Égyptiens : un programme … gratuit pour les enfants au Musée Égyptien », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 10 août ; Hiba … ‘Âdil, « Le Musée Égyptien organise un programme éducatif pour les enfants … intitulé Les couleurs de nos ancêtres », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 29 août). ¬ 1216 ¬ 1217 Tutankhamun collection during packing ¬ 1218 An archaeological committee started on Sunday the process of transporting a … number of artefacts from the Tutankhamun collection from the Egyptian Museum … in Tahrîr to the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) overlooking the Gîza Plateau. ¬ 1219 This move, according to Târiq Tawfîq, supervisor general of the GEM, is a step … in the ministry’s preparation for the soft opening of the GEM at the end of … 2017. ¬ 1220 The soft opening will include two sections of the museum; the Grand Staircase … Hall and the halls of the boy king’s funerary collection, now on display at … the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr. ¬ 1221 ¬ 1222 ¬ 1223 Tawfîq asserted that the transportation process would not affect the … Tutankhamun exhibit at the Tahrîr Museum, as the transportation plan was drawn … up by a scientific archaeological team led by archaeologist Usâma Abû … al-Khayr. ¬ 1224 ‘Îsa Zaydân, director-general of preliminary restoration at the GEM, told … Ahram Online that the objects transported from the collection are those in … dire need of restoration, and that the rest of the collection would be … transported gradually until the GEM’s soft opening. ¬ 1225 He added that all security and safeguarding techniques are being utilised in … packing and transportation the artefacts. (Nevine El-Aref, “Antiquities … ministry starts transportation of Tutankhamun collection to GEM”, Ahram … Online, August 24, 2016. Voir également Hiba ‘Âdil, « Transfert de quelques … pièces de la collection de Toutankhamon vers le GEM », al-Ahrâm al.‘Arabî, 23 … août ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Les collections de Toutankhamon prennent le chemin … du GEM », Sada al-Balad, 24 août ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Le transfert des … collections de Toutankhamon se poursuit », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 30 août). ¬ 1226 ¬ 1227 ¬ 1228 Many people looking at the awe-inspiring Baron Empain Palace on al-‘Urûba /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 76/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1228… Street in Heliopolis today may wonder how it became a house of horror for many … Cairo residents despite its distinguished Indian architectural style. ¬ 1229 Rumours about the Palace have spread throughout the city, and those visiting … the monument today may feel that they might meet one of the ghosts that have … long been claimed to inhabit the palace. However, the truth is more ordinary, … since this is only an abandoned building in a very bad state of conservation. ¬ 1230 The story of the palace started in 1904 when the Belgian industrialist Edward … EMPAIN arrived in Egypt to construct a railway line linking the lower Egyptian … city of al-Mansûra to Matariyya on the far side of Lake Manzala. ¬ 1231 He became entranced by the country and its distinguished civilisations. … Although his company, Chemins de Fer de la Basse-Égypte, failed to complete … the intended project, EMPAIN remained in Egypt and married an Egyptian, Yvette … Boghdadi. ¬ 1232 Two years later he established the Cairo Electric Railways and Heliopolis … Oases Company, which laid out plans for the new town of Heliopolis 10 km … northwest of Cairo. ¬ 1233 When it was finished, Heliopolis was a luxurious and leisured suburb with … elegant villas with wide terraces, apartment buildings, and tenement blocks … with balconies, hotels and facilities as well as recreational amenities … including a golf course, racetrack and large park. ¬ 1234 While workmen were busy constructing the new suburb of Heliopolis, EMPAIN … asked French architect Alexandre MARCEL to build him a magnificent palace in … the Avenue of Palaces (now al-‘Urûba Street) that would stand out from the … others being built in the same period. ¬ 1235 Inspired by the temples of Angkor Wat in Cambodia and the Hindu Temple of … Orissa in India, MARCEL incorporated into the external design of the new … palace reproductions of a variety of human figures, statues of Indian dancers, … elephants, snakes, Buddhas, Shivas and Krishnas. MARCEL’s colleague … Georges-Louis CLAUDE designed the interior and decoration. ¬ 1236 Both architects were well-known at the time as they had already constructed … and decorated the Oriental Pavilion attached to the Royal Palace of Laeken in … Belgium. ¬ 1237 Baron EMPAIN’s new palace consisted of two floors and a small extension near … the roof. Windows studded with Belgian glass were especially created so as … never to lose sight of the sun. ¬ 1238 Construction was completed in 1911, and the palace was surrounded by a … landscaped garden adorned with ascending green terraces, each with its own set … of marble statues and exotic vegetation. EMPAIN later died at Woluwe in … Belgium in 1929, but his body was brought back to Egypt for burial under the … Basilica of Notre Dame in Heliopolis. ¬ 1239 ¬ 1240 ¬ 1241 Three generations of Empains then occupied the palace, but in 1957 it was sold … by its owners and began to fall into ruin. Some parts of the Indian … decorations and sculptures crumbled and fell away, and the beautifully … designed parquet floors and gold-plated doorknobs disappeared. ¬ 1242 As negligence took its toll, the palace became the residence of bats, which in … an odd way rather suited its more Gothic aspect. The gilded ceilings, the /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 77/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1242… decorations and the famed Belgian mirrors that once graced the walls were … masked by hundreds of bats and their droppings. ¬ 1243 Rumours about the palace spread all over Cairo, and for many it became a house … of horror. Some said that it was used by drug.dealers as a storage space for … illicit goods, while others believed it was haunted by devils and called it … the “House of Vampires” or “Count Dracula’s Castle.” ¬ 1244 The palace’s neighbours called it the “House of Ghosts” and claimed to hear … the sound of voices and dragging furniture in the middle of the night, while … lights in the garden lit up and turned off suddenly. ¬ 1245 ‘Amm ‘Abd al-Rahîm, who worked as a guard at the building behind the palace, … insists that the building is haunted. He says that noises can often be heard … from the palace in the middle of the night, especially of shifting furniture. ¬ 1246 He told Al-Ahram Weekly that in 1982 he and others had seen smoke coming from … the palace’s main room and up through the tower, but in the evening all traces … of a fire had been extinguished. ¬ 1247 An Internet site, kafsoa.hubpage.com, said that there were several reasons … that might explain the smoke phenomenon. “Baron EMPAIN had his main room in … the tower, which wasn’t entered by anyone but him. Even his sister Helena and … his daughter Merriam weren’t allowed to enter it,” the site said. ¬ 1248 “This room was known as the Chamber of the Rosary, and it has internal doors … that lead to a tunnel joining it to the Basilica where EMPAIN is buried,” it … added. According to rumours, people who broke into the Baron’s room found all … the mirrors stained with blood, along with a huge number of bats. ¬ 1249 The site says that the death of Baroness Helena was caused by her falling from … the balcony in the palace’s interior. EMPAIN ran to help his sister, it says, … but it was too late. EMPAIN’s daughter Merriam was also found lying face down … dead in the palace, the site claims, in the well of the elevator used to carry … the Baron’s meals upstairs. ¬ 1250 It goes on to suggest that many of the palace guards left shortly after being … hired, and some have testified that blood appeared in the Chamber of the … Rosary after the Baron’s death “as the Baron was the cause of suffering for … the whole family”. ¬ 1251 Blood belonging to cats killed by devil worshippers has been found in the … palace, some say. ¬ 1252 “All these stories about the palace are simply unfounded rumours created by … people’s imaginations,” Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Azîz, director of the Historic Cairo … Rehabilitation Project and responsible for the restoration of the palace, told … the Weekly. He said that the blood spots found on the walls were from killing … the bats that have lived in the abandoned palace for decades. ¬ 1253 In 1993, the palace was listed on Egypt’s Antiquities List, he said, but was … then still owned by an Egyptian-Saudi owner. In 2005, the cabinet agreed to … transfer the ownership of the palace to the Supreme Council of Antiquities … (SCA), now the Ministry of Antiquities, and compensate the owner. ¬ 1254 In 2007, the ownership of the palace was transferred to the SCA and the … building was cleaned and the bats removed. A restoration project was launched, … and an Indian company suggested that it would restore the Palace and embarked … on an inspection tour, taking photographs and carrying out a detailed … architectural survey. ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 78/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1255 In the event, this company did not start the restoration. In 2009, a Belgian … company offered to restore the palace, and after a year of studying the state … of the building it proposed a plan to restore the historic landmark. ¬ 1256 In 2010, a comprehensive restoration project for the palace was launched in … collaboration with a Belgian mission in an attempt to turn the building into a … cultural centre and museum. ¬ 1257 ¬ 1258 ¬ 1259 Unfortunately, this stalled after the 25 January Revolution, when work ceased … due to budgetary problems. ¬ 1260 In January 2015, the Ministry of Antiquities carried out the minor restoration … and consolidation of a number of the palace’s decorative elements and sections … having particular problems. ¬ 1261 In August, the ministry re-contacted the Belgian agency that had drawn up the … 2010 restoration plan. Two Belgian architects arrived in Egypt to review the … palace’s conservation condition and compare it with the situation in 2010. A … workshop was organised with the Heliopolis Heritage Organisation and a number … of heritage professionals in order to agree on the best solution to restore … the palace. ¬ 1262 In collaboration with the Misr Bureau for Investment the Ministry of … Antiquities then launched a competition in Al-Ahram for ideas and suggestions … on the rehabilitation of the palace and its best use after restoration. ¬ 1263 In April 2016, a scientific committee of architects from Cairo University and … the French University in Egypt was formed to select the best ideas to … rehabilitate the palace and reuse it after restoration. ¬ 1264 ‘Abd al-‘Azîz told the Weekly that the selected project for the Baron Empain … Palace was divided into two parts. The first would return the building to its … original glory and the second would reuse it after restoration. ¬ 1265 According to the standards agreed by the ministry’s Permanent Committee for … Islamic and Coptic Monuments, three suggestions were selected by the … committee. The first was to use the palace as a cultural centre by using its … front garden as a cafeteria and an exhibition area while the back yard would … be used as an open-air theatre. ¬ 1266 The second was to use the basement of the palace as a social centre, while the … ground floor would be used for different purposes. The first floor would be … used as a “royal wing” where visitors could spend the night. ¬ 1267 The third was to use the palace as a new cultural centre devoted to reading in … particular. ¬ 1268 “Nothing has yet been done apart from the restoration project,” ‘Abd al-‘Azîz … said, adding that the three suggestions would be submitted to the ministry’s … Permanent Committee for further consideration. (Nevine El-Aref, “New roles for … the palace?”, Al-Ahram Weekly, August 25, 2016). ¬ 1269 ¬ 1270 During excavation and cleaning work carried out in the tomb of the 25th … Dynasty Thebes Mayor Karabasken in south al-‘Assâsîf, on Luxor’s west bank, … the Egyptian American South Asâsîf Conservation Project discovered his burial … chamber and sarcophagus. ¬ 1271 “The sarcophagus is a unique example of Kushite sarcophagi in an elite tomb,” /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 79/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1271… Mahmûd ‘Afîfî, head of the Ancient Egyptian Antiquities Department at the … Ministry of Antiquities told Ahram Online, adding that the sarcophagus is … carved in plain red granite and does not bear any engravings or paintings. ¬ 1272 Elena PISCHIKOVA, director of the archaeological mission, explained that the … burial chamber was found accidently during excavation work carried out in a … room of the tomb. As an was found in its centre and it led to the burial … chamber. ¬ 1273 PISCHIKOVA said that the base and lid of the sarcophagus bore deliberate … damage — evidence of two attempts to break into the sarcophagus at some time … in antiquity. ¬ 1274 “The interior of the sarcophagus was flooded after the first attempt, but … further cleaning work will show if any fragments of the wooden coffin or other … burial equipment are still preserved inside,” PISCHIKOVA said. (Nevine … El-Aref, “Burial chamber discovered in al-‘Assâsîf on Luxor’s west bank”, … Ahram Online, August 25, 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le CSA annonce … la découverte à Louqsor de la chambre funéraire et du sarcophage du maire de … Thèbes », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 25 août ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « Mise au jour de la chambre … funéraire et du sarcophage d’un prêtre d’Amon de la XXVe dynastie », al-Ahrâm … al-‘Arabî, 25 août). ¬ 1275 ¬ 1276 ¬ 1277 ¬ 1278 ¬ 1279 The agreement, signed in the Panorama Hall on the 12th floor of al-Ahrâm’s … main building, allows for the first international exhibition of exact replicas … of ancient Egyptian artefacts. The signing was attended by Minister of … Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî and al-Ahrâm’s chairman Ahmad al-Naggâr. Japan’s … Ambassador to Egypt Takehiro KAGAWA also watched as Mustafa Amîn, the … secretary general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, and Hishâm Lotfî, … head of al-Ahrâm Advertising Agency, signed the protocol. ¬ 1280 al-‘Inânî told Al-Ahram Weekly the cooperation protocol develops plans to … establish touring exhibitions of replicas first touted following the success … of July’s showing of replicas at the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr Square. ¬ 1281 ‘Amr al-Tîbî, Executive Director of the Replicas Unit at the Ministry of … Antiquities, says the first show, containing 150 replicas of objects from the … funerary collection of Tutankhamun, will open for nine days in April 2017 in … Tokyo and then move to Osaka. ¬ 1282 Under the terms of the protocol agreement al-Ahrâm foots the bill for the … costs of the exhibition, including LE3.7 million in insurance fees. (Nevine … El-Aref, “The pharaohs strike back”, Al-Ahram Weekly, August 25, 2016. Voir … également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie signe un accord avec … al-Ahrâm pour la tenue d’une exposition au Japon », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 22 août … ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « Signature d’un protocole de coopération entre la Fondation … al-Ahrâm et le ministère de l’Archéologie », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 22 août ; … Nevine El-Aref, “al-Ahrâm and antiquities ministry sign protocol for … Tutankhamun touring exhibition in Japan”, Ahram Online, August 22 ; Doaa … Elhami, « Un pas de plus pour faire revenir les touristes », Al-Ahram Hebdo du … 31 août). ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 80/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1283 ¬ 1284 The Ministry of Antiquities received four artefacts that were accidently … unearthed beneath the American Consulate in Alexandria, including three roman … marble columns and an Islamic-era water well holder. ¬ 1285 ‘Alî Dâhî, the director-general of the ministry’s Archaeological Collection … Administration, told Ahram Online that the objects were found in the garden of … the American Councillor during routine maintenance work. The American Consul … immediately reported the find to the ministry, who in turn assigned an … archaeological committee to determine the authenticity of the objects. ¬ 1286 Dâhî said that the artefacts are genuine and are now in the possession of the … ministry, which referred them to the Kom al-Shuqâfa archaeological … inspectorate for restoration and documentation. Dâhî added that the artefacts … are well preserved. (Nevine El-Aref, “Roman and Islamic-era artefacts … accidentally unearthed in Alexandria”, Ahram Online, August 29, 2016. Voir … également Hiba ‘Âdil, « Le CSA reçoit 4 pièces antiques du consulat américain … en Alexandrie », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 25 août ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le CSA … reçoit 4 pièces du consulat américain en Alexandrie », Sada al-Balad, 25 … août). ¬ 1287 ¬ 1288 Le ministère égyptien des Antiquités a désormais décidé d’une réduction de 50 … % sur les frais de tournage sur tous les sites archéologiques en Égypte. Selon … une annonce de la part du ministère, « les prix des nouveaux films varient … selon le type de production et le lieu historique requis. Ils varient de 150 … dollars pour une émission de télévision à 15 000 dollars pour une production … cinématographique ». Cela dit, une baisse des deux tiers des tarifs fixés … auparavant. ¬ 1289 ¬ 1290 ¬ 1291 « Le but est d’encourager les producteurs étrangers à venir tourner leurs … œuvres artistiques en Égypte. Plusieurs pays de la Méditerranée sont en … compétition sur ce plan, comme l’Espagne, la Turquie et surtout le Maroc ; … tous fournissent un support complet aux productions », vient de souligner … Khâlid al.‘Inânî, ministre égyptien des Antiquités. ¬ 1292 ¬ 1293 Sur le plan régional, et parmi tous les pays arabes, le Maroc a toujours été … le havre des producteurs de films occidentaux. Il a de tout temps attiré les … principales productions hollywoodiennes, même celles qui étaient censées avoir … l’Égypte pour cadre historique. Les producteurs américains y ont même tourné … la série La Momie, et des films qui se situent en Égypte ancienne. « Étant … donné que l’Égypte possède des sites touristiques et archéologiques … extraordinaires, nous devons en profiter. Une exploitation optimale et bien … mesurée sera sans doute dans l’intérêt de tout le monde », ajoute al-‘Inânî. ¬ 1294 Selon les cinéastes, cette réaction de la part du ministère des Antiquités … représente un pas sur la route de la réforme, toutefois, celle-ci nécessite … encore plus de décisions et de décrets de la part des entités officielles et … ministérielles, afin que l’affaire ne soit pas un simple essai de raviver le … tourisme à travers la production du cinéma, tout en étant loin de seconder … véritablement le 7e art et son industrie. ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 81/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1295 « Pour plusieurs productions américaines ou occidentales, les frais de … tournage ne sont pas le grand problème, il s’agit aussi des facilités et des … permis de tournage qu’ils doivent obtenir », souligne le producteur … cinématographique, Ihâb Ayyûb. « Sans gérer raisonnablement le côté officiel … et sans abattre fermement la bureaucratie dominant tout le système, de manière … à décerner les permis de tournage, ainsi que les autorisations de sécurité, … plus facilement, le remède restera insuffisant. Les pays voisins demeureront … plus attractifs », insiste-t-il. ¬ 1296 Connu pour son expérience dans le domaine de la coproduction et de la … collaboration avec des producteurs étrangers, Ayyûb affirme la présence de … plusieurs difficultés majeures, dont entre autres l’intransigeance de la … censure, la surévaluation des droits de douane, ainsi que la nonchalance et le … manque de support de la part du syndicat des Métiers cinématographiques. ¬ 1297 « Outre les tarifs excessifs et souvent illogiques pour tourner les films en … Égypte, les producteurs étrangers se trouvent coincés face à d’autres … exigences encore plus outrancières, comme la nécessité de verser aux douanes … égyptiennes 20 % de la valeur du matériel de tournage en Égypte, ainsi qu’une … garantie bancaire de cette valeur pour s’assurer le rapatriement du matériel, … en plus d’une somme qui dépasse 500 dollars qu’ils doivent payer … hebdomadairement au syndicat des Métiers cinématographiques, pour chaque … technicien oumembre de l’équipe de tournage en Égypte ». Et à lui de conclure … : « Bref, c’est devenu malheureusement un effroi angoissant pour chaque … producteur pensant un jour tourner son film sur les sites égyptiens ». ¬ 1298 Un succès peut en aviser un autre. La popularité d’un film ou d’une série … télévisée entraîne parfois dans son sillage des gains financiers ou certes une … réussite touristique, quand les fans ont envie de partir sur les traces de … leurs héros. Si les studios turcs deviennent — depuis les cinq dernières … années — les lieux privilégiés de tournage des films européens et des spots … publicitaires, cette activité productive dans l’industrie du cinéma a parmi … ses buts le désir de ranimer le secteur du tourisme et de l’hôtellerie au pays … de l’Anatolie, mais avant tout — selon la presse opposante turque — « le rêve … de dominer la région, indirectement, sur les plans culturel, artistique et … économique ». ¬ 1299 Un rêve qui a commencé certes à devenir réalité, surtout après le grand succès … réalisé par les séries turques diffusées par les télévisions arabes, avec des … héros adulés : Mohannad, Nour ou Fatma, ainsi que l’arrivée de quelques films … turcs dans les salles égyptiennes, tels al-Sultân al-Fâtih (Conquête de 1453). ¬ 1300 ¬ 1301 ¬ 1302 On a commencé d’ailleurs à trouver la mode et la haute couture turques … dominantes dans la plupart des capitales arabes, dont une grande part de … jeunes hommes se sont allés à porter les moustaches et les barbes au look … turc, alors que certains plateaux en Istanbul ont vu cette année défiler — … malgré l’instabilité politique — les équipes de tournage de trois affiches … internationales. Mais pourquoi un tel attrait ? Les différentes entités de … l’État turc se sont résolues à la nécessité d’offrir à la communauté … cinématographique internationale tous les renseignements nécessaires pour … préparer la production d’un film à l’étranger, avec une gamme d’endroits et /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 82/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1302… d’infrastructures de production bon marché. ¬ 1303 Toutefois, c’est le Maroc qui reste jusqu’alors La Mecque des producteurs et … des grands studios hollywoodiens et régionaux. Environ 200 films de production … étrangère ont été tournés au Maroc entre 2006 et 2015 pour un investissement … de plus de 400 millions d’euros, dont 1,17 milliard de dirhams générés par le … tournage de films étrangers en 2014, selon le Centre Cinématographique … Marocain (CNM). Les productions américaines se présentent toujours en tête, … suivies de films anglais, puis français, canadiens et allemands. ¬ 1304 En terme de choix des sites pour ces productions, Ouarzazate vient en tête des … principaux lieux de tournage réalisés au Maroc, durant ces cinq dernières … années, suivi de Rabat, Casablanca, Marrakech et Tanger. D’après le CNM, … plusieurs sociétés à Casablanca, Marrakech, Ouarzazate, Asilah et Tanger … rivalisent à proposer leurs services aux sociétés de production américaines ou … européennes. Le Maroc en profite pour renforcer et multiplier ses avantages … compétitifs par la signature d’accords de coopération, dans le domaine de la … coproduction cinématographique. Des mesures malheureusement encore absentes … sur la scène cinématographique égyptienne. (Yasser Moheb, « Des plateaux à … ciel ouvert », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 31 août 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « … Le CSA baisse de 50 % les taxes perçues sur le tournage cinématographique dans … les sites archéologiques », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 8 août ; Nevine El-Aref, “Fees … cut in half for filming at Egypt’s archaeological sites”, Ahram Online, August … 8 ; Muhammad ‘Abd al-Mu‘tî, « Baisse de 50 % des taxes sur le tournage dans … les zones archéologiques », al-Ahrâm, 9 août). ¬ 1305 Renowned Egyptologist and former antiquities minister Zâhî Hawwâs embarked on … a tour around the United States to promote tourism to Egypt. The first leg of … his trip was in Los Angeles, where Egypt’s Consul General Lâmiya Mikhaymar … organised a gala reception at Egypt’s consulate. The event was attended by a … number of Egyptian and American politicians, actors and other prominent … figures. ¬ 1306 Among the attendees were actors Peter WELLER, David GORDON and Jacqueline … BISSET, as well as Fox channel director David HILL and Egyptian actor and … UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador for the Middle East and North Africa Mahmûd Qâbîl. ¬ 1307 During the reception, Hawwâs delivered a lecture on ancient Egyptian … civilisation and the new development project of Gîza Plateau, and called on … Americans to visit Egypt. “Egypt is very safe and the return of tourism is a … call to whole world to help in the restoration of the country’s unique … heritage,” Hawwâs said, inviting all the actors in attendance to participate … in the upcoming Cairo International Film Festival, to which the actors agreed. ¬ 1308 The second leg of his trip will be in San Francisco. (Nevine El-Aref, … “Egyptologist Hawwâs tours the United States to promote tourism in Egypt”, … Ahram Online, August 31, 2016). ¬ 1309 ¬ 1310 À l’entrée du Musée Égyptien du Caire, le visiteur trouvera exposée, tout au … long du mois de septembre, la stèle qui remonte à l’époque gréco-romaine … représentant le mythe de l’enlèvement de Perséphone par Hadès. La stèle a été … choisie comme pièce du mois du musée. Ce choix a été fait suite à un vote tenu … sur Facebook, par le ministère des Antiquités, pour choisir une pièce du mois … parmi cinq autres. ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 83/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1311 Selon la mythologie grecque, Perséphone était la fille de Zeus et de Déméter … ou selon d’autres sources la fille de Zeus et de la nymphe Styx. Elle formait … avec Déméter le groupe des « grandes déesses », vénérées à Éleusis. Elle … épousa Hadès contre son gré et devint la reine des Enfers. D’une grande … beauté, Perséphone fut élevée en secret en Sicile par sa mère. Mais Hadès … l’aperçut, et décida d’en faire sa reine des Enfers et de l’enlever avec la … tacite complicité de Zeus. Déméter la chercha partout pendant neuf jours et … neuf nuits puis déchaîna une terrible famine. (« Hadès et Perséphone … accueillent les visiteurs du Musée Égyptien », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 31 août 2016. … Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le public du Musée Égyptien choisit la stèle de … l’enlèvement de Hadès comme Piece of the month », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 4 … septembre ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « La légende de l’enlèvement d’Hadès votée Piece of … the month », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 4 septembre ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « La légende … de l’enlèvement d’Hadès votée Piece of the month », Sada al-Balad, 4 … septembre). ¬ 1312 ¬ 1313 ¬ 1314 ¬ 1315 Mamdûh ‘Ûda, directeur général du département de la gestion des crises et des … catastrophes, récemment créé, explique sa mission pour la préservation du … patrimoine égyptien. ¬ 1316 Al-Ahram Hebdo : Quand le département général de la gestion des crises et des … catastrophes a-t-il été mis en place ? ¬ 1317 Mamdûh ‘Ûda : Le département a officiellement été mis en place en janvier … 2016, mais l’idée de sa création remonte à 2012, lorsque l’un de nos collègues … a fait un stage de gestion des risques d’origine humaine et naturelle en … Italie avec la société Akrom (société internationale pour la préservation des … musées). De retour en Égypte, il a animé des formations qui ont réuni une … trentaine de personnes de divers secteurs du ministère. Ces formations ont été … renouvelées, afin qu’il y ait un nombre suffisant de personnes qualifiées pour … couvrir tout le pays. ¬ 1318 Avant la création du département, un groupe intitulé « Équipe de sauvegarde du … patrimoine égyptien » a été créé. Il a notamment travaillé au Musée d’Art … islamique, après l’attentat à l’explosif qui l’a frappé en janvier 2014. ¬ 1319 L’équipe a pu isoler et protéger les pièces antiques tout en documentant les … étapes de leur travail sur CD, qui ont été transmis à l’Unesco. L’équipe a … aussi opéré à Wâdî al-Natrûn, où certaines salles d’anciennes églises ont été … fortement affectées par les inondations torrentielles qui ont eu lieu en … novembre 2015. Cette équipe de travail est le noyau fondateur de la création … de ce département. ¬ 1320 — Quel est l’objectif du département ? ¬ 1321 — ¬ 1322 Son objectif est d’évaluer les risques auxquels sont exposés les monuments … importants du patrimoine égyptien et d’éviter les risques, en mettant en place … différentes solutions, que ce soit pour les musées ou les sites … archéologiques. Ainsi, en cas de crise, on peut directement faire face aux … problèmes qui surviennent. La formation du personnel ministériel est une étape … primordiale. Elle comprend des archéologues, des restaurateurs ou encore les /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 84/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1322… agents de sécurité des musées ou des chantiers. Il est également important de … former un certain nombre de personnes pour qu’elles puissent faire face à une … situation de crise. ¬ 1323 ¬ 1324 — ¬ 1325 Quel genre de crise ou de catastrophe le département traite-t-il ? ¬ 1326 ¬ 1327 — ¬ 1328 En principe il y a deux types de catastrophes : naturelle et humaine. Les … catastrophes naturelles varient entre les tremblements de terre, les … inondations, les changements climatiques, le niveau d’humidité, les effets … nocifs des zones de bord de mer, à l’exemple de la citadelle de Salâh al-Dîn, … dressée sur l’île Pharaon à Tâbâ. Le dossier de ce site sera bientôt présenté … à l’Unesco pour être enregistré comme site à protéger. Le rapport comprend … l’état du bâtiment et son environnement, mais aussi les effets nocifs de la … mer sur la citadelle. La composition de ce rapport détaillé nécessite par … exemple l’intervention de notre département. ¬ 1329 ¬ 1330 ¬ 1331 Pour les catastrophes d’origine humaine, surgissent en premier lieu le … terrorisme et ses dégâts destructeurs, à l’exemple de l’attentat qui a eu lieu … devant le Musée d’Art islamique du Caire, ou l’incident du musée de Mallawî à … Minyâ, en Moyenne-Égypte. Les fouilles clandestines et les incendies … représentent aussi de grandes menaces, comme le prouve le palais al-Musâfir … Khâna, l’un des joyaux de l’architecture islamique, victime d’un immense … incendie. ¬ 1332 ¬ 1333 ¬ 1334 — ¬ 1335 Depuis la création officielle du département, quelles sont les missions déjà … accomplies ? ¬ 1336 ¬ 1337 — ¬ 1338 Nous avons agi au Dayr al-Suryân à Wâdî al-Natrûn, où nous avons restauré les … murs fissurés, subissant l’humidité et la salinité des lieux. Nous avons … également reconstruit la coupole du monastère. Notre équipe travaille en ce … moment à la réhabilitation des réseaux électrique et sanitaire. Nous avons … aussi fait une évaluation des dangers qui menacent le musée Copte, comme l’eau … de pluie, et avons modifié les planches qui recouvraient le patio où se … trouvent les colonnes et des chapiteaux de pierre. Nous sommes également … intervenus au Musée Égyptien, où nous avons restauré le sistrum coloré du … plafond. Les tombes des bâtisseurs des pyramides, construites de brique crue, … ont aussi été consolidées et recouvertes d’un film protecteur. ¬ 1339 ¬ 1340 — ¬ 1341 Quels sont les sites prioritaires ? Et pourquoi ? ¬ 1342 ¬ 1343 — ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 85/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1344 La ville cosmopolite d’Alexandrie, la Côte-Nord et Wâdî al-Natrûn sont nos … trois priorités actuelles. Les deux premières sont exposées à l’humidité et … aux effets de la Méditerranée qui fragilisent les monuments. Nous avons déjà … entamé une carte d’évaluation des risques pour les sites archéologiques … alexandrins, y compris les musées. En réalisant cette carte, nous avons … découvert l’état déplorable de plusieurs sites importants. La même chose s’est … produite pour les sites de Wâdî al-Natrûn qui ont besoin d’un réaménagement … global, afin de lutter contre les prochaines pluies torrentielles. Un énorme … travail nous attend et le département a besoin de moyens, d’outils et d’un … dépôt pour accomplir cet énorme travail. (Doaa Elhami, « Mamdûh ‘Ûda : Un … énorme travail nous attend », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 31 août 2016). ¬ 1345 ¬ 1346 ¬ 1347 « Découverte dans le caveau TT290, appartenant à l’un des ouvriers de Dayr … al-Madîna nommé Ari-Nefer, ayant vécu à l’époque de Ramsès II, cette momie … tatouée est, en soi, un événement exceptionnel », souligne Cédric GOBEIL, … directeur de la mission archéologique de l’Institut Français d’Archéologie … Orientale (IFAO) opérant à Dayr al-Madîna. La mission a comptabilisé une … trentaine de tatouages présents sur le corps de cette femme, ce qui en fait la … momie égyptienne la plus tatouée. Les motifs sont tous figuratifs. Ils … représentent soit des animaux, babouins, vaches, serpents, soit des … hiéroglyphes, des fleurs, des objets rituels et des symboles prophylactiques … (œil Oudjat). GOBEIL assure que le caractère exceptionnel de cette découverte … tient du fait que, pour la toute première fois, les tatouages sont des motifs … figurés répartis de manière symétrique sur la moitié supérieure du corps de la … femme. ¬ 1348 ¬ 1349 Tatouage bien visible sur le cou de la momie. (Photos : Anne AUSTIN, … Université de Standford) ¬ 1350 Avant cette découverte, les seuls tatouages connus étaient de simples motifs … géométriques, des lignes ou des points. Selon lui, il est difficile de … préciser l’identité de cette femme momifiée, car la tombe où elle a été … retrouvée a traversé des périodes de pillage. Cette tombe découverte dans … l’antiquité a été visitée jusqu’à l’époque moderne. « Nous ne pouvons donc pas … assurer avec certitude que la dame tatouée ait été inhumée dans cette tombe, … surtout que des déplacements de corps d’une tombe à une autre ont été … également attestés à l’époque où le commerce des momies battait son plein. … Outre le propriétaire de la tombe Ari-Nefer et son épouse, aucun autre … individu n’a laissé de trace écrite de son nom. Nous ignorons donc tout des … quelques dizaines de fragments de momies qui ont été aussi trouvées dans la … même tombe », explique-t-il. ¬ 1351 Mais, en se fondant sur les momies tatouées découvertes précédemment et en … faisant des parallèles iconographiques, les égyptologues suggèrent qu’il y a … une corrélation entre la pratique du tatouage et le culte de Hathor (déesse de … l’amour et de la maternité). Une grande partie des motifs figurés sur cette … momie viennent prouver le lien avec la déesse. Parmi les tatouages se … trouvent, entre autres, deux représentations de la déesse sous sa forme … animale de vache avec une couronne hathorique et un collier Ménat, ainsi qu’un /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 86/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1351… manche à tête de Hathor. « Dans ce contexte, on peut facilement imaginer que … cette femme ait été impliquée dans un culte rendu à la déesse, en tant que … musicienne, chanteuse ou prêtresse. Sinon, on peut aussi penser qu’elle a pu … être une sorte de magicienne agissant comme intermédiaire entre le monde … terrestre et le monde divin. Des textes contemporains de l’époque à laquelle a … vécu cette femme attestent de l’existence d’une telle pratique », explique … GOBEIL. ¬ 1352 ¬ 1353 ¬ 1354 Pour sa part, l’anthropologue Anne AUSTIN de La Leland Stanford Junior … University, qui était parmi l’équipe de travail de Dayr al-Madîna, assure que … le style de momification de cette momie correspond à celui qui était pratiqué … durant le Nouvel Empire, soit entre 1550 et 1070 av. J.-C. Cet indice s’ajoute … au fait qu’elle a été trouvée dans une tombe appartenant à une communauté … d’artisans ayant œuvré à la confection des tombes royales de cette même … époque. ¬ 1355 En ce qui concerne l’étude de la momie, c’est grâce à la technique de la … réflectographie infrarouge à laquelle a été soumise cette momie, que les … archéologues ont pu découvrir cinq tatouages qui étaient restés invisibles à … l’œil nu, car ils étaient recouverts d’une couche de résine noirâtre empêchant … de voir la peau. N’étant pas recouverte de bandelettes, cette momie a pu … également être examinée sous rayon X basique, mais rien de particulier n’est … apparu. « L’iconographie égyptienne recèle bien quelques scènes dans les … temples dans lesquelles on peut voir des femmes dont le corps est décoré de … petits motifs, mais curieusement, aucun de ces motifs ne se retrouve sur le … corps de notre momie. C’est la toute première fois que ces motifs figuratifs … et animaliers sont découverts sous forme de tatouage sur un corps momifié », … reprend GOBEIL. ¬ 1356 Environ une douzaine de momies tatouées, qui sont toutes des femmes, ont déjà … été retrouvées en Égypte. D’après l’archéologue français, en fonction du petit … nombre de momies tatouées découvertes jusqu’à présent, les représentations … iconographiques qui représentent des individus ayant des motifs, peints ou … tatoués, sur le corps, restent assez inhabituelles. « On peut imaginer que le … tatouage était une pratique plutôt rare dans l’Égypte pharaonique », … déclare-t-il. ¬ 1357 « Cependant, en archéologie, ce n’est pas parce qu’on n’a pas encore trouvé … une chose que celle-ci n’existe pas. En d’autres termes, nos affirmations se … fondent sur les indices réunis jusqu’à maintenant et s’apparentent en quelque … sorte à un échantillon », affirme GOBEIL. « Il reste encore un très grand … nombre de momies à mettre au jour et rien n’empêche de penser qu’un jour, un … grand nombre d’individus tatoués sera découvert. Mais encore faut-il garder à … l’esprit que tous les Égyptiens n’étaient pas momifiés et que toutes les … momies ne sont pas parvenues jusqu’à nous. Le hasard des découvertes et de la … conservation est un filtre qui déforme la réalité passée », conclut-il. (Dalia … Farouq, « Le tatouage : Une pratique pharaonique », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 31 août … 2016). ¬ 1358 Situé à l’ouest de Thèbes, le village de Dayr al-Madîna est un village où … résidait la confrérie des artisans chargés de construire les tombeaux et les /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 87/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1358… temples funéraires des pharaons et de leurs proches durant le Nouvel Empire. ¬ 1359 Le site antique de Dayr al-Madîna recèle actuellement de vestiges d’un … village, d’une nécropole et d’une zone culturelle, laissés par la communauté … d’ouvriers et d’artisans ayant œuvré à la réalisation des tombes royales. Ce … site, grâce aux témoignages uniques sur l’âge d’or égyptien qu’il a fournis … (maisons des ouvriers, textes documentaires ou littéraires, dessins, … céramiques et mobiliers divers), a permis aux archéologues et aux égyptologues … de rendre compte de la vie quotidienne de cette période. Les habitants de Dayr … al-Madîna sont à l’origine d’une grande partie des tombes de la Vallée des … rois et des temples funéraires qui longent la rive ouest du Nil. Sur le flanc … de la colline bordant le village, les tombes des ouvriers ont été construites … et décorées par les ouvriers de la nécropole eux-mêmes. ¬ 1360 Loin d’avoir livré tous ses secrets, ce site, fouillé par l’Ifao depuis 1921, … continue activement à faire l’objet, chaque année, de fouilles et de … nettoyages. La plupart des projets menés à Dayr al-Madîna se basent sur une … coopération entre différents spécialistes. « Les égyptologues qui étudient les … tombes du site travaillent de pair avec des restaurateurs. En plus de … préserver les monuments, ces derniers aident les égyptologues à mieux … comprendre comment les décors ont été conçus, et surtout, ils améliorent la … lecture des textes et des scènes par leur technique de nettoyage fine et … précise. La mission travaille également avec un topographe spécialisé dans la … photogrammétrie (modélisation 3D par photographie et production de photos … orthonormées). L’emploi de cette technique permet, en outre, aux égyptologues … de mieux comprendre le développement architectural d’une tombe, la manière … dont elle a été creusée et son articulation par rapport aux autres tombes … avoisinantes », explique le président de la mission, Cédric GOBEIL. (Dalia … Farouq, « Dayr al-Madîna continue de livrer ses secrets », Al-Ahram Hebdo du … 31 août 2016). ¬ 1361 ¬ 1362 ¬ 1363 Lors de sa dernière réunion présidée par le secrétaire général du CSA, Dr … Mustafa Amîn, le Comité permanent des antiquités égyptiennes a approuvé la … demande présentée par l’American Research Center in Egypt (ARCE), afin de … poursuivre ses travaux à Idfû du 1er septembre au 30 décembre 2016. Les … travaux de la mission de l’University of Chicago consistent dans les fouilles, … l’étude, la restauration et la photographie aérienne au moyen d’un … cerf-volant. (Ahmad Mansûr, « Le CSA approuve la demande de l’ARCE pour … poursuivre ses travaux à Idfû », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 31 août 2016. Voir … également ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le CSA approuve la poursuite des travaux de … l’University of Chicago à Idfû », Sada al-Balad, 31 août). ¬ 1364 -¬ 1365 -¬ 1366 ¬ 1367 ¬ 1368 ¬ 1369 III – SEPTEMBRE 2016 ¬ 1370 ¬ 1371 ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 88/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1372 ¬ 1373 The Mallawî Museum in the Upper Egyptian city of Minyâ has been a hive of … activity over recent weeks, with curators, restorers and exhibition design … specialists all busy at work to meet the museum’s scheduled re-opening within … the next few days. ¬ 1374 Workers are cleaning the dust from gigantic colossi, and curators are placing … labels at the foot of artefacts as others install descriptive panels beside … showcases. Restorers are on the scene inspecting the condition of every … object. ¬ 1375 “Finally after three years of rehabilitation work the Mallawî Museum is in the … limelight again, with a little twist,” head of the Museums Department at the … Ministry of Antiquities Ilhâm Salâh told Al-Ahram Weekly. She said the … two.storey museum building had been overhauled and its indoor decoration and … design renewed. The first floor was formerly dedicated to displaying the … museum’s treasured collection and the second floor for administration. ¬ 1376 But the new design concept of the museum no longer depended on placing … artefacts next to each other to illustrate ancient Egyptian civilisation, she … said. Instead, it provided a broader educational service to visitors and sent … out messages that would raise archaeological awareness and loyalty towards … Egypt. It informed Egyptian visitors about how their ancestors had built such … a great civilisation through showing daily life, industries and culture, she … said. ¬ 1377 “This is a new philosophy that the ministry of antiquities is adopting in … order to turn the country’s regional museums into more educational, cultural … and productive institutions,” Salâh said, adding that the idea was for these … museums to help educate people about culture, religions and politics. ¬ 1378 Egypt’s regional museums had sometimes not fulfilled their true potential … because they had often displayed objects without a thematic storyline. This … had meant that they had not always attracted their fair share of visitors. … “Every regional museum should reflect the city or town in which it is … located,” Salâh said, explaining that in the new Mallawî Museum, for example, … the exhibition design provided clear information about the history of Mallawî … and Minyâ and the role these had played in Egyptian civilisation. ¬ 1379 The museum has a permanent exhibition of 425 artefacts; some of them from its … former collection while the rest have been carefully selected from the … al-Ashmûnayn and al-Bahnasâ storerooms in the Minyâ Museum. ¬ 1380 The exhibition is divided into sections displaying Minyâ residents’ daily … lives in ancient times and the utensils they used in their houses for cooking … as well as the tools they used to make goods and those used for cultivation … and trading. ¬ 1381 The museum has sections on clay pots and pans, textiles, medicines and writing … styles. Panels explaining the development of tools in the area are on display, … as is information on how the ancient Egyptians used natural and artificial … light. ¬ 1382 Jewellery is on display in one section of the new museum, shown through a … display of make-up containers, wigs, necklaces, earrings and bracelets. ¬ 1383 Ancient Egyptian religious rituals are highlighted in the new museum, since … Minyâ was a main centre of the monotheistic religion introduced by the pharaoh /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 89/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1383… Akhenaten in ancient times. ¬ 1384 A collection of mummified animals is also on display to show visitors that the … ancient Egyptians not only worshipped animals but also were also very fond of … them. ¬ 1385 ¬ 1386 ¬ 1387 Concepts of justice, love and eternity are also illustrated. The funerary … collection of Henu, one of the region’s ancient nobles, is on display, for … example, reflecting traditions regarding the afterlife in ancient times. ¬ 1388 “Workshops to revive ancient Egyptian handicrafts are being organised in the … museum,” Salâh told the Weekly, adding that these would teach ancient tapestry … weaving in order to help local people gain skills that could lead to … sustainable employment. Goods produced by the workshops would be sold under an … agreement with the ministry. ¬ 1389 Wa‘d Allah Abû al-‘Izz, head of the Projects Department at the Ministry of … Antiquities, told the Weekly that the restoration of the museum had cost … around LE10 million provided by the ministry, the Minyâ governorate and … Belgian donors. ¬ 1390 The building, he said, had been completely renovated, changed from being a … mostly outdoor museum to indoor exhibition halls. A new lighting and security … system had been installed and walls cleaned and polished and damaged showcases … had been replaced with new ones. ¬ 1391 Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî visited the museum earlier this week … in order to inspect the restoration work and preparations towards the … re-opening. He told the Weekly that larger pieces damaged when the museum was … looted had been restored and recovered objects would be returned to their … original places. ¬ 1392 The Mallawî Museum was looted during clashes between supporters of deposed … former president Muhammad Mursî and the security forces after the latter broke … up the sit-ins in the Râbi‘a al-‘Adawiyya and al-Nahda Squares in Cairo in … 2013. ¬ 1393 Some 1,049 of the museum’s 1,089 artefacts were reported missing, including a … collection of faience beads, statuettes of the ancient Egyptian god Osiris, … clay pots, a limestone statue of the god Thot in the shape of a baboon, a … rectangular relief of an ibis bird and the palm of the goddess Maat, as well … as a collection of papyri written in ancient Egyptian demotic script and … various Graeco-Roman marble and limestone reliefs. ¬ 1394 Artefacts too heavy for the vandals to carry away were damaged in situ. 663 … objects were recovered after being handed in by Mallawî residents or left at … the museum’s gates after the ministry declared an amnesty on the return of any … looted artefacts. (Nevine El-Aref, “Mallawî Museum to reopen”, Al-Ahram … Weekly, September 1, 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le musée de Mallawî … emprunte 5 pièces au musée Copte pour les exposer lors de la cérémonie … d’inauguration », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 8 septembre ; Ahmad ‘Abd al-Halîm, « Le … ministre de l’Archéologie inaugure jeudi le musée de Mallawî », al-Shurûq, 20 … septembre ; Hasan ‘Abd al-Ghaffâr, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie : … L’inauguration du musée de Mallawî est une victoire de l’État égyptien sur le … chaos et le terrorisme », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 22 septembre ; Nevine El-Aref, /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 90/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1394… “Egypt’s Mallawî Museum inaugurated”, Ahram Online, September 22 ; Hiba ‘Âdil, … « Le ministre de l’Archéologie inaugure le musée de Mallawî après 3 ans de … fermeture », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 22 septembre ; Nasma Réda, « Le musée de … Mallawî revoit le jour », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 28 septembre). ¬ 1395 Lors de sa réunion du 11 août, le Comité permanent des antiquités égyptiennes … présidé par le secrétaire général du CSA, Dr Mustafa Amîn, a approuvé la … poursuite des travaux de la mission de l’Institut français d’archéologie … orientale (Ifao) dans les carrières antiques d’albâtre, situées au sud … d’al-Minyâ. Ces travaux se dérouleront du 1er au 30 septembre. (Ahmad Mansûr, … « Le Comité permanent approuve la demande de l’Ifao de poursuivre ses travaux … dans les carrières d’albâtre », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, ¬ 1396 1er ¬ 1397 septembre 2016. Voir également MENA, « La mission de l’Ifao poursuit ses … travaux dans les carrières d’albâtre à Minyâ », Sada al-Balad, 2 septembre). ¬ 1398 ¬ 1399 Part of the lifted piece ¬ 1400 History has a special scent and taste on the Gîza Plateau, where an … unsurpassed assembly of soaring pyramids, the awe-inspiring Sphinx, and … splendid chapels and tombs reflects the great civilisation of ancient Egypt. … Although most of the plateau has been thoroughly excavated, there are still … secrets to be revealed. ¬ 1401 ¬ 1402 ¬ 1403 The Japanese-Egyptian team as well as journalists and photographers, yesterday … gathered around the pit of the Pharaoh Khufu’s second boat on the southern … side of the Great Pyramid at Gîza to watch minute by minute the lifting up of … a boat beam that had recently been discovered, revealing a further such … secret. ¬ 1404 The beam is carved in wood with metal pieces in different shapes and sizes. … The restorers had earlier removed other beams from the pit and covered them in … situ with a special chemical solution to protect them from the atmosphere. ¬ 1405 The present beam has now been taken to the laboratory on the plateau where … restorers will first reduce its humidity until it has reached 55 per cent and … then treat and consolidate it. ¬ 1406 “This may be the beam that once held the oars of Khufu’s second boat,” ‘Îsa … Zaydân, director of restoration at the project told Al-Ahram Weekly, adding … that the beam had been found during excavations carried out inside the pit on … the boat’s eighth layer. ¬ 1407 He said the beam was 8m long, 40cm wide and 4cm thick, while the metal pieces … were in L and U shapes. “Until now the Egyptian-Japanese team has not been … able to identify the kind of metal used in the fabrication of these pieces, … but it could be copper,” Zaydân said. ¬ 1408 “We cannot decide on the original function of the beam or why it looks like it … does. But we are sure it is a unique piece, and nothing like it was found in … Khufu’s first boat or in other ancient boats discovered elsewhere,” site … manager Hiromasa KUROKOCHI told the Weekly. “The only suggestion we have is … that the beam may be the oar holder, and the metal pieces could be a frame to … prevent the steering rows from falling into the sea when using the oars to /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 91/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1408… change the boat’s direction,” he added. ¬ 1409 Zaydân said he thought the beam could be an oar holder made by the ancient … Egyptians to prevent friction with the body of the boat, which would have … damaged the timber. The beam is not in very good condition, but with … scientific cleaning and restoration it could reveal more of its secrets, he … said. ¬ 1410 KUROKOCHI said that more studies would be carried out in order to discover the … beam’s original function and why it was in the second boat and not the first … one. There were also other questions about the boats, he said. Was the first a … solar boat and the second only a boat for transportation, he asked? ¬ 1411 Mamdûh Taha, Supervisor of Khufu’s second boat project described the discovery … as “very important” and possibly revealing more secrets about Khufu’s boats. … He said the Japanese excavators and restorers were working hard with their … Egyptians colleagues to protect one of Egypt’s most distinguished monuments. ¬ 1412 When all the beams are recovered, Taha said, the boat would be reconstructed … to join the first one in a special display at the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) … overlooking the Gîza Plateau. ¬ 1413 The boat was discovered along with the first one inside two pits neighbouring … each other in 1954, when Egyptian archaeologists Kamâl al-Mallâkh and Zakî Nûr … were carrying out routine cleaning on the southern side of the Great Pyramid. ¬ 1414 The first boat was removed piece by piece under the supervision of restorer … Ahmad Yûsuf, who spent more than 20 years restoring and reassembling the boat, … which is now on display at Khufu’s Solar Boat Museum on the Gîza Plateau. ¬ 1415 The second boat remained sealed up until 1987 when it was examined by a … Japanese team from Waseda University in Tokyo with non-invasive scanning … devices. Later in same year the pit was examined by the American National … Geographic Society in association with the Egyptian Office for Historical … Monuments. A hole was bored into the limestone beams covering the pit and a … micro-camera and measuring equipment inserted. The void space over the boat … was photographed and air measurements made, after which the pit was sealed. ¬ 1416 It was thought that the pit had been so well-sealed that the air inside would … be as it had been since ancient Egyptian times, but sadly this was not the … case as natural air leaked into the pit and mixed with the air inside. This … allowed insects to thrive and affected some parts of the wooden beams. Water … also leaked from the nearby museum housing the first solar boat and affected … part of the wood, making it necessary quickly to finish the studies and … restore it. ¬ 1417 ¬ 1418 ¬ 1419 In 2008, KUROKOCHI said, a Japanese scientific and archaeological team from … Waseda University headed by Sakuji YOSHIMURA had offered to remove the boat … from the pit, restore and reassemble it, and put it on show to the public. ¬ 1420 The team cleaned the pit of insects and inserted a camera through a hole in … the chamber’s limestone ceiling in order to examine the boat’s condition and … determine appropriate methods to restore it. Images were obtained showing … layers of wooden beams and timbers of cedar and acacia, as well as ropes, mats … and the remains of limestone blocks and small pieces of white plaster. ¬ 1421 A temporary magazine and laboratory was established on the Plateau to use /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 92/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1421… during the restoration process. State-of-the-art equipment such as a device to … adjust the temperature and humidity vital to the preservation of the wooden … boat’s remains was installed. ¬ 1422 A laser scanning survey documented the area and the wall between the Great … Pyramid and the boat pit. A solar electricity system was installed at the site … to save energy during chemical treatments. ¬ 1423 Diyâ al-Dîn Ahmad, the inspector of the project, said that while the filling … around the sides of the covering stone was being cleaned, the team had … uncovered the cartouche of the Pharaoh Khufu inscribed on one of the blocks … and beside it the name of Djedefre. This, he argued, meant that the boat had … been constructed during the reign of Khufu and not, like the first boat, … during the reign of Djedefre. ¬ 1424 “In 2011, the Japanese-Egyptian team lifted aside the first stone block, … weighing 16 tons, to start uncovering Khufu’s second boat and begin the … restoration work,” YOSHIMURA told the Weekly. He said that the on-site team … had developed a new technique to lift the blocks. They had first inserted a … chemically-treated piece of wood beneath the covering stone and then lifted it … up, he said. (Nevine El-Aref, “Boat beam lifted”, Al-Ahram Weekly, September … 1, 2016. Voir également ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie … inspecte le laboratoire de restauration du bois de la deuxième barque de … Chéops », Sada al-Balad, 31 août ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie … inspecte la deuxième barque de Chéops », al-Ahrâm al.‘Arabî, 31 août ; Ahmad … Gûda, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie : Le coût du projet de restauration de la … deuxième barque de Chéops s’élève à 10 millions de dollars », al-Yawm … al-Sâbi‘, 31 août). ¬ 1425 Le président de l’Union des archéologues égyptiens, Dr ‘Abd al-Halîm Nûr … al-Dîn, a salué la contribution des hommes d’affaires à la construction des … musées archéologiques côtiers. « S’ils comptent prodiguer des dons et des … prêts, ils seront les bienvenus », dit-il. Toutefois, cette contribution de la … part des investisseurs ne leur confèrera nullement le droit d’ingérence dans … le champ archéologique, scientifique, ni même administratif. Car le patrimoine … archéologique est la propriété de la nation toute entière. Personne ne pourra … en disposer à sa guise, ajoute Nûr al-Dîn. ¬ 1426 L’invitation lancée par le président du département des projets du ministère … de l’Archéologie doit donc être assortie de critères précis, afin de ne pas … nuire au travail archéologique. (Ahmad Mansûr, « L’Union des archéologues … égyptiens soutient la proposition de la contribution des hommes d’affaires à … la construction des musées côtiers », al-Yawm al.¬ 1427 1er¬ 1428 Sâbi‘, septembre 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « L’Union des archéologues … arabes appelle le gouvernement à se charger de la construction des musées … côtiers », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 1er septembre). ¬ 1429 ¬ 1430 The Egyptian-American mission working on the South ‘Asâsîf Conservation … Project on the West Bank of the Nile at Luxor this week stumbled on the burial … chamber of Karabasken, mayor of Thebes and priest of the god Amun during the … 25th Dynasty. The discovery was made during cleaning work at Karabasken’s … tomb, number TT391, at the South ‘Asâsîf necropolis. ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 93/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1431 ¬ 1432 ¬ 1433 Project director Elena PISCHIKOVA told Al-Ahram Weekly that the descent to the … burial chamber had been found in the centre of the cult room, which features … six niches on its north and south walls and the remains of a false door on the … west wall. Excavation work in this area had revealed an angled descent 900cm … long and 225cm wide leading to a burial chamber filed with flood deposits up … to the ceiling. ¬ 1434 “Clearing the deposits led to the discovery of Karabasken’s red granite … sarcophagus occupying almost the whole space of the room,” PISCHIKOVA said, … describing it as “a monumental and unique example of a Kushite sarcophagus in … an elite tomb.” ¬ 1435 She said the sarcophagus was 241cm tall with a base of 163cm and a lid of … 77cm. It is 306cm long, 130cm wide, and the thickness of the base is 18cm. The … base of the sarcophagus is a rectangular box with a rounded head, while the … lid is vaulted with a convex upper surface and an almost flat lower surface. … The sarcophagus is decorated with a single horizontal band 27cm wide without … any inscriptions on its exterior surface. ¬ 1436 “It seems the sarcophagus was subjected to two looting attempts in antiquity … as the base and lid show deliberate damage in the head area and on the left … side close to the foot,” PISCHIKOVA said. She said the interior of the … sarcophagus had been flooded after the first attempt at looting, but further … clearing would show if any fragments of the wooden coffin and other burial … equipment were still preserved inside. ¬ 1437 PISCHIKOVA said the architectural features of the descent and burial chamber … had been designed to install and house a large sarcophagus contemporary with … the original tomb. “The royal features in the burial apartment and sarcophagus … of Karabasken are manifestations of the Kushite revival of past traditions and … the assimilation of royal and temple features in the elite tombs of this … period,” she said. ¬ 1438 In 2006 the South ‘Asâsîf Conservation Project started its work with the … discovery of the two Kushite tombs of Karabasken and Karakhamun (TT 223) and … the Early Saite tomb of Irtieru (TT 390). The project works under the auspices … of the Ministry of Antiquities, and its Egyptian-American team has been … working on clearing, conserving and reconstructing these tombs for 11 years. … (Nevine El-Aref, “Ancient sarcophagus discovered”, Al-Ahram Weekly, September … 1, 2016). ¬ 1439 ¬ 1440 Le Comité permanent des antiquités égyptiennes présidé par le secrétaire … général du CSA, Dr Mustafa Amîn, a approuvé la poursuite des travaux de la … mission du British Museum dans le village Shatb à Asyût. Les fouilles menées … par cette mission vont durer deux années sous la supervision du CSA. ¬ 1441 Le Comité permanent a également autorisé le CNRS et le Center of Documentation … and Studies of Ancient Egypt de poursuivre leur mission conjointe sur le site … du Ramesseum à Louqsor du 15 octobre 2016 au 10 janvier 2017. En vertu du … programme de cette mission, la partie française poursuivra l’étude et la … photographie des façades du premier pylône, l’achèvement des relevés des … décors et des inscriptions de la deuxième cour et de la salle hypostyle. Par /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 94/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1441… ailleurs, les deux parties égyptienne et française reprendront leurs travaux … dans la vallée des Rois, dans la vallée des Reines, dans la zone al-Khukha, … al-Shaykh ‘Abd al-Qurna et Dayr al-Madîna. (Ahmad Mansûr, « Le CSA approuve … les travaux de quelques missions archéologiques égyptiennes et étrangères », … al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 3 septembre 2016. Voir également ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « … Poursuite des travaux de la mission du British Museum dans le village Shatb à … Asyût », Sada al-Balad, 3 septembre). ¬ 1442 La présidente du syndicat des archéologues, Dr Fâyza Haykal, a exprimé sa … solidarité avec Dr Mukhtâr al-Kasabânî, professeur d’archéologie islamique à … l’université du Caire, après la décision de sa mise à pied pour une durée de … trois mois. Le président de l’université du Caire a pris cette sanction contre … Dr al-Kasabânî pour avoir dénoncé les travaux de ¬ 1443 climatisation ayant défiguré la coupole de ¬ 1444 l’université et transformé la terrasse en ¬ 1445 quasiment un « dépotoir ». ¬ 1446 Dr Haykal estime que lorsque Dr al- ¬ 1447 ¬ 1448 Kasabânî dénonce de telles infractions, il mériterait plutôt d’être remercié … et non sanctionné abusivement par le président de l’université, Dr Gâbir … Nassâr, qui aurait dû arrêter ces travaux et restaurer la coupole endommagée. … (Ahmad Gûda, « Le syndicat des archéologues : La mise à pied d’al-Kasabânî est … une mesure abusive », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 3 septembre 2016). ¬ 1449 ¬ 1450 ¬ 1451 ¬ 1452 Le Conseil d’administration du CSA, présidé par le ministre de l’Archéologie, … Dr Khâlid al.‘Inânî, a décidé la gratuité de l’accès aux musées et aux sites … archéologiques pour tous les Égyptiens, les étrangers ou les Arabes ayant … dépassé l’âge de soixante ans. Cette décision est entrée en vigueur à compter … du ¬ 1453 1er ¬ 1454 septembre. Le secrétaire général du CSA, Du Mustafa Amîn, a expliqué que cette … initiative vise à rehausser la conscience archéologique des citoyens en … facilitant l’accès des seniors à tous les sites historiques. (Ahmad Mansûr, « … Le CSA ouvre gratuitement ses sites et ses musées à tous les seniors », … al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 4 septembre 2016). ¬ 1455 ¬ 1456 Le Comité permanent des antiquités égyptiennes présidé par le secrétaire … général du CSA, Dr Mustafa Amîn, a autorisé la mission du Deutsches … Archäologisches Institut Kairo (DAIK) à poursuivre ses travaux dans l’île … Éléphantine à Aswân du 1er septembre 2016 au 30 juin 2017. Le programme de … cette mission englobe la poursuite des fouilles des temples, l’achèvement des … relevés de toute la zone archéologique, la restauration, la documentation et … le transfert des pièces découvertes des entrepôts d’Éléphantine vers les … magasins des antiquités égyptiennes et islamiques. ¬ 1457 Seront également poursuivis les travaux de restauration et d’étude du temple … romain au sud de la zone archéologique, ainsi que l’achèvement de la … reconstruction de l’enceinte de la ville antique, afin de la protéger du côté /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 95/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1457… sud. (Ahmad Mansûr, « Le CSA approuve la poursuite des travaux de la mission … du DAIK à Aswân », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 5 septembre 2016. Voir également ‘Alâ’ … al-Minyâwî, « La mission du DAIK à Éléphantine est autorisée à poursuivre ses … travaux », Sada al-Balad, 4 septembre). ¬ 1458 ¬ 1459 Le Japon s’engage à verser 49,4 milliards de yens (près de 0,5 milliard de … dollars) à l’Égypte sous forme d’emprunt, afin de contribuer au financement de … la construction du Grand Musée Égyptien (GEM). Selon Kyodo News, ce « prêt au … bas taux d’intérêt » a été annoncé par le Premier ministre, Shinzô ABE, lors … de sa rencontre hier avec le président ‘Abd al-Fattâh al-Sîsî, en marge du … sommet du G20 en Chine. Cet emprunt s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une série de … décisions prises par le Japon, afin d’assurer la stabilité du Moyen Orient en … général et du développement économique en Égypte en particulier. ¬ 1460 De son côté, le président al-Sîsî a remercié ABE pour ce prêt qui vient … s’ajouter aux 34,8 milliards de yens octroyés par le Japon à l’Égypte, au … cours des dix dernières années. (MENA, « Un prêt japonais de 0,5 milliard de … dollars pour contribuer à la construction du GEM », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 6 … septembre 2016. Voir également Hiba ‘Âdil, « La commission mixte … égypto-japonaise examine les moyens pour résoudre les difficultés qui … entravent le GEM », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 27 septembre ; ‘Alâ’ ¬ 1461 al-Minyâwî, « La service du GEM », septembre). technologie Sada japonaise … al-Balad, au 27 ¬ 1462 - - ¬ 1463 ¬ 1464 ¬ 1465 ¬ 1466 The Ministry of Antiquities has concluded maintenance work at Cairo’s Sultan … Qalâwwûn complex on al-Mu‘izz Street, where damage was caused by a rising … level of subterranean water due to a blockage in one of the water pipes. ¬ 1467 ¬ 1468 ¬ 1469 Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Azîz, director-general of the Historic Cairo Rehabilitation … Project, told Ahram Online that the maintenance work started a month ago after … subterranean water under the Qalâwwûn complex increased beyond its normal … level. ‘Abd al-‘Azîz said the ministry took steps to identify the cause of the … problem, discovering that the rise in water levels was due to blockage in one … of the drinking water pipes. ¬ 1470 Wa‘d Allah Abû al-‘Ilâ, the head of the Projects Department at the ministry, … said that the pipe was cleared and the level of subterranean water has … returned to normal. ¬ 1471 The Qalâwwûn complex is among the magnificent structures erected during the … Mameluk period in Egypt. The complex, built by Sultan Qalâwwûn on a plot of … land by the western Fatimid Palace in 1284, consists of three buildings; a … madrasa (school) a mausoleum, and a bîmâristân (hospital). ¬ 1472 An archaeological engineering committee from the ministry is currently … reviewing every inch of the complex to identify and repair water damage, … including fixing cracks in the walls, reducing the level of humidity and … cleaning out salts accumulated on the walls. ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 96/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1473 Abû al-‘Ilâ pointed out that in 2007, the ministry restored the Qalâwwûn … complex with a budget of EGP 37 million. The restoration work included the … consolidation of the complex's walls and soil as well as the restoration of … its wood works and decoration. (Nevine El-Aref, “Maintenance work complete at … Qalâwwûn complex after rising water levels caused damage”, Ahram Online, … September 7, 2016. Voir également ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Les fuites d’eau à … proximité du complexe de Qalâwwûn se ¬ 1474 1er¬ 1475 poursuit », Sada al-Balad, août ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Le CSA achève la baisse du … niveau des eaux souterraines sous le complexe de Qalâwwûn », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, … 6 septembre ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie achève la baisse du … niveau des eaux souterraines sous le complexe de Qalâwwûn », al-Ahrâm … al-‘Arabî, 7 septembre). ¬ 1476 Ce n’est pas une mosquée, mais elle a failli l’être. Car le bâtiment … d’al-Mugawra, où May al-Ibrâshî a choisi d’installer son association de … développement urbain, est un lieu de culte musulman inachevé qui a servi … longtemps de dispensaire. Situé à la rue al-Ashraf, dans le vieux quartier … d’al-Khalîfa, la construction de cet édifice, à l’architecture curieuse, a … commencé vers les années 1920 et a été probablement suspendue à cause de la … Deuxième Guerre mondiale. Ensuite, à un moment donné, après la Révolution de … 1952, il a été le siège de l’Union socialiste sous Nâsir. Pour ce, les … personnes les plus âgées l’appellent jusqu’à présent « le bâtiment d’al-Tahrîr … », ou celui de la libération, lui attribuant donc l’emblème de toute une … époque. ¬ 1477 ¬ 1478 May al-Ibrâshî (Photo : Mohamad Adel) ¬ 1479 L’architecte May al-Ibrâshî s’intéresse toujours à l’histoire des lieux, à … leur âme, au rapport que maintiennent les gens avec eux. Elle est tout à fait … consciente que lorsqu’elle restaure un monument, elle s’en prend aussi à la … longue vie qu’il a déjà eue. « À mes débuts, je me retrouvais en face-à-face … avec le monument à restaurer, seule, imprégnée de purisme. Maintenant, ma … démarche est beaucoup plus compliquée, mais plus riche. Les gens qui habitent … ces lieux font partie intégrante de mon travail, désormais plus varié, car … s’étendant davantage à l’infrastructure et aux conditions socioéconomiques du … site. C’est la bonne approche lorsqu’on s’attaque à des zones historiques, … sinon, le bâtiment restauré reviendra comme avant au bout de quelques années. … Comme si de rien n’était », souligne al-Ibrâshî, dans son bureau où l’on … arrive en empruntant des escaliers tortueux qui devaient mener à un minaret … qui n’a jamais existé. ¬ 1480 Aujourd’hui, au bout de 4 ans passés aux alentours d’al-Khalîfa, depuis le … lancement de son association en 2012, elle sait précisément où mettre les … pieds. Cependant, elle craint qu’en cherchant à développer le quartier, on … risque de changer sa structure sociale et d’attirer une classe moyenne … supérieure, étrangère aux lieux. « Ce serait une grave erreur que d’autres … catégories de gens viennent acheter des maisons et expulser les vrais … habitants », lance-t-elle, en expliquant que déjà les autorités avaient … tendance à écarter ces derniers des sites historiques, en créant ce que l’on … s’accorde à appeler « des bulles touristiques ». Cela s’est fait autour de la /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 97/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1480… mosquée Ibn Tûlûn et de la maison ottomane de Gayer Anderson, transformée en … musée. « Automatiquement, les habitants ne pouvaient s’en approcher, par … obéissance aux ordres ou par intimidation », dit celle qui œuvre afin de … restituer aux fils du quartier les édifices qu’ils ont côtoyés depuis la nuit … des temps. D’où le nom de son initiative al-Athâr lanâ (ces monuments nous … appartiennent). ¬ 1481 ¬ 1482 ¬ 1483 Au fil des années, elle a cultivé une grande sensibilité à l’égard de ces … habitations vétustes, de ces ruelles hérissées de minarets, constellées de … palais et de mausolées visant à rendre éternelle la mémoire de plusieurs … descendants du prophète. Elle connaît le cheval qui a grandi avec le voisin … qui s’abreuve à l’entrée de l’association. Sirote un thé avec des collègues au … café de Mustafa. Collabore régulièrement avec Sayyid, le menuisier du coin, … qui fait désormais partie de la grande famille d’al-Mugawra, regroupant … quelque 100 sympathisants, volontaires et professionnels. ¬ 1484 « Lorsque j’ai débarqué, ces locaux étaient squattés par un monsieur qui loue … des chaises aux voisins pour les cérémonies de mariage ou de deuil : Ahmad … al-Farrâsh. C’était une sorte de dépôt avec des chaises et des motos partout. … Des oies et des canards s’y promenaient à volonté. Une fois que les habitants … ont compris que j’étais en bons termes avec le ministère des Antiquités et le … gouvernorat, avec lesquels je travaillais en coopération, on était à l’abri de … tout soupçon », indique l’architecte. Et de poursuivre : « Ahmad al-Farrâsh … nous a laissé son dépôt, il l’a vidé du jour au lendemain, nous disant que lui … aussi aspire à l’aménagement du quartier et que son aïeul a bâti cette … mosquée. Chose vraie. Car en consultant les livres d’historiens comme ‘Alî … Mubârak, j’ai trouvé que son nom de famille correspondait à celui du bâtisseur … d’une ancienne mosquée, érigée autrefois à ce même endroit ». ¬ 1485 al-Ibrâshî raconte cette histoire pour faire remarquer que les gens simples … sont moins réticents au changement, lorsqu’ils sont convaincus de la sincérité … de leur interlocuteur, contrairement à certains académiciens et spécialistes … qui peuvent se montrer beaucoup plus rigides. Les fonctionnaires de l’État, … comme les petits employés, ont également fait preuve de flexibilité : « Nous … sommes plutôt dans un rapport de partenariat. Jamais en conflit avec les … autorités locales ». ¬ 1486 Cela étant, elle essaye de les aider, afin d’obtenir un financement de la part … de l’American Research Center in Egypt (ARCE) ou de l’USAID, afin de résoudre … le problème d’infiltration de l’eau, en provenance des égouts et des réseaux … d’adduction d’eau potable, provoquant des dégâts assez lourds dans les … bâtiments historiques ou autres. Elle organise des ateliers culturels au … profit des enfants et propose un plan visant à transformer quelques terrains … vagues en terrain de football, espace de jeux ou endroit pour apprendre aux … femmes à cultiver leurs terrasses et à faire du jardinage. « Le terrain de … sport à Darb al-Husr sera inauguré vers la fête du grand Baïram. Et à partir … d’octobre prochain, l’association organisera une promenade guidée, tous les … mois, afin de faire découvrir les merveilles du quartier et des cimetières à … côté. Car par là, la vie et la mort cohabitent inextricablement ». ¬ 1487 May al-Ibrâshî tient à ne pas tomber dans le piège de l’idéalisation des /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 98/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1487… endroits et des gens qu’elle fréquente. Elle admet que partout, il y a des … bons et des méchants, et garde les pieds sur terre en rêvant. Elle ne cherche … à modifier ni la Constitution, ni la loi sur la société civile, comme on … l’espérait au lendemain de la révolution de 2011, avec d’autres collègues et … associations, actifs dans le domaine de l’architecture, de l’urbanisme et de … la restauration. « Mieux vaut me concentrer sur la zone où j’ai décidé de … travailler, avec les partenaires de mon choix ». Cependant, la seule chose ou … plutôt le seul endroit qu’elle tend à vêtir de romantisme c’est la Cité des … morts, munie d’une charge émotive et spirituelle, incomparable à ses yeux. ¬ 1488 Ayant préparé un master et une thèse sur le cimetière sud du Caire, de … l’époque mamelouke jusqu’à la moitié du XXe siècle, elle a touché de près aux … phénomènes inexpliqués et aux réalités dérangeantes que renferme ce monde … occulte. De quoi acquérir une vision plus ésotérique et tolérante vis-à-vis … des contes et légendes auréolant le lieu. « Pour mes études supérieures au … School of Oriental & African Studies (SOAS) en Angleterre, je me suis inspirée … des livres d’al-ziyâra, littéralement la visite, dressant des itinéraires … minutieux pour faire le tour des différents mausolées, afin de réaliser un … schéma cartographique. Ces guides populaires d’autrefois fournissaient une … description détaillée, permettant aux fidèles de se rendre aux sites … commémorant un saint. En comparant les cartes qui en résultent à celles que … l’on peut extraire des ouvrages d’al-Maqrîzî, à titre d’exemple, nous … parvenons à deux lectures très différentes de la ville. C’est l’histoire … populaire versus l’histoire plus officielle ou intellectuelle. La première … abonde surtout d’espoir et de conviction », précise May al-Ibrâshî. ¬ 1489 ¬ 1490 ¬ 1491 En ce moment, l’architecte travaille de nouveau sur la restauration du … mausolée d’al-Imâm al-Shâfi‘î (édifice ayyoubide qui date de l’an 1211 apr. … J.-C.) et de son entourage, l’un des endroits où elle se sent particulièrement … en paix. Elle y est souvent revenue depuis son ancienne collaboration avec … Nairy HAMPIKIAN, une autre architecte-restauratrice avec qui elle a œuvré à … sauver le cimetière historique du Caire. ¬ 1492 Cependant, cette fois-ci, les nouveaux immeubles de dix étages marquent le … paysage. Ils ont poussé comme des champignons durant le chaos qui a suivi la … révolution. D’où le sentiment que l’endroit est toujours menacé dans son … existence, « même si on a réussi, grâce à une étude effectuée avec l’Unesco, à … classer la Cité des morts en tant que patrimoine mondial ». ¬ 1493 En fait, on ne naît pas avec une passion pour les cimetières ; celle-ci arrive … progressivement au fur et à mesure qu’on effectue notre petit bonhomme de … chemin, psychologique et intellectuel. Les arpenteurs des nécropoles évacuent … la dimension purement funéraire, pensent différemment le rapport à la mort, à … la vie et à la religion populaire. Tout un parcours que May a dû effectuer, … loin de son domicile dans le quartier résidentiel d’Héliopolis, de ses cours … de natation, de ses études en architecture à l’Université de ‘Ayn Shams ou des … amphithéâtres des Universités américaine et britannique où elle a enseigné. ¬ 1494 « Souvent, je répète : Chez nous, les trafiquants de drogue posent vraiment … problème ! Alors, on me pose tout de suite la question : Pourquoi ? Vous … habitez où ? », rit elle en ajoutant : « Je considère le quartier d’al-Khalîfa /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 99/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1494… comme chez moi. Du coup, quand je sors avec des amis dans un endroit huppé, je … suis étonnée de voir les filles, avec des blouses échancrées ou des épaules … nues. J’ai l’habitude des tenues plus réservées d'al-Khalîfa ». ¬ 1495 Normal, elle y passe le gros de son temps, sacrifiant plein d’autres choses … pour y être ou reportant des projets jusqu’à nouvel ordre, comme celui … d’éditer sa thèse. « J’aime les mausolées de l’imâm al-Shâfi‘î et de l’imâm … al-Laythî. J’ai découvert aussi, un peu plus récemment, l’espace où se … recueillait al-Sayyida Nafîsa, la petite-fille du prophète. On y est vraiment … à l’aise ». Et d’ajouter : « Ma manière de me comporter durant les fêtes … foraines commémorant un saint (mouled) a changé. C’est dû peut-être à l’âge, … mais aussi à la maturité acquise sur place. Maintenant, je fais comme les gens … du quartier. Sans être trop agitée, je me pose dans un coin et regarde, plutôt … en retrait ». Bref, elle a appris, sur le tas, à s’intégrer pour pouvoir … atteindre les résultats espérés, à se faire accepter en tant que personne … objective et neutre, au sein du milieu où elle travaille, au lieu d’adresser … aux gens de longs questionnaires imprimés. (Dalia Chams, « May al-Ibrâshî : … L’architecte de la rue du Calife », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 7 septembre 2016). ¬ 1496 ¬ 1497 After a week of studies and analysis, the Ministry of Antiquities has … confirmed the authenticity of an Ancient Egyptian Ushabti figurine newly … recovered from Mexico. ¬ 1498 Sha‘bân ‘Abd al-Gawwâd, the head of the Antiquities Repatriation Department, … told Ahram Online that the statuette was found one month ago by Mexican … citizen at his newly purchased house. The citizen handed over the statuette to … the Egyptian embassy in Mexico. ¬ 1499 ¬ 1500 ¬ 1501 After its return to Egypt, the artefact was studied by an archaeological … committee of curators and restorers from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr. ‘Abd … al-Gawwâd says that the artefact, which has been dated to the 19th dynasty, … was smuggled out of the country following illegal excavation. The statuette is … carved in wood and engraved with hieroglyphic text showing the deceased name … “Ra-Nes” and that “he was honest”. ¬ 1502 The artefact is currently undergoing restoration at the Egyptian Museum in … Tahrîr. (Nevine El-Aref, “Egyptian statuette recovered from Mexico is … authentic: Antiquities ministry”, Ahram Online, September 7, 2016. Voir … également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le CSA récupère une statuette archéologique volée au … Mexique », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 7 septembre ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « Le Mexique restitue … une statue de la XIXe dynastie », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 7 septembre ; ‘Alâ’ … al-Minyâwî, « L’Égypte récupère une statue archéologique du Mexique », Sada … al-Balad, 7 septembre). ¬ 1503 ¬ 1504 ¬ 1505 The decision by President of Cairo University Gâbir Gâd Nassâr to change the … air conditioning pipes of the Grand Celebrations Hall, perhaps affecting the … university’s famed dome, has elicited much reaction. ¬ 1506 “The truth is that there is no maintenance process for the dome itself, only … for the central air-conditioning system that was installed in the sixties,” /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 100/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1506… Nassâr said during a press conference held in Cairo University. “The company … responsible for this replaced only the old pipes with new ones of the same … width,” Nassâr said, adding that the system was renovated in the eighties, … then again in 2009 after it stopped working altogether. ¬ 1507 “They then had to install separate air.conditioning units,” Nassâr said. “The … problem was that the length between the internal and external units was up to … 10 metres and some external units were installed inside the building which … could cause fires. After the 2014 financial amendments, fixing the central … air.conditioning devices became possible.” ¬ 1508 “Cairo University’s dome is precious to those in charge of it and who will not … allow any changes in its appearance under any circumstances,” Nassâr said. … “These pipes were painted in the colour of the dome which is why no one saw … them before.” Nassâr added that the renovation was decided some 10 years ago … because the air-conditioners were worn out. ¬ 1509 But the renovation has stoked debate after photos of the pipes on top of the … dome were published in newspapers. Some are saying it has destroyed the dome’s … architectural beauty. ¬ 1510 “What happened to Cairo University’s dome is a crime against history, a … deformation of a historical building,” says architectural consultant ‘Abbâs … Mahmûd ‘Abbâs. “There are hundreds of ways to install air-conditioners instead … of the way they chose to install them, by putting pipes over the dome. The … dome was built more than 100 years ago and it is time to renovate it. The … issue is not the renovation process itself but who executes it, their … speciality, and the materials they use. They should not use cement to renovate … historical buildings, for example. They should use the same materials that … were used to build the building. “I hope the outcome is good,” ‘Abbâs said. ¬ 1511 “The dome is the symbol of Cairo University and Cairo, not only a historical … monument. This symbol must be preserved using all possible methods. We need a … true artist to do so. We are dealing with a unique building unlike anywhere in … the world. They should think outside the box,” ‘Abbâs added. ¬ 1512 “We appreciate the concerns of the Egyptian people about their property, the … Cairo University dome. We also value the Cairo University buildings and put … more effort in maintaining them than we do our own homes. We will not cover up … any mistakes if they are made,” Nassâr said. ¬ 1513 “Cairo University’s dome represents Egypt’s mind,” argued Suhayr Hawwâs, … professor of architectural design at the Faculty of Engineering in Cairo … University, and a member of the board of directors of the National … Organisation for Urban Harmony (NOUH). “To preserve the dome and to have it … appear at its best shows that people are interested and care, a phenomenon … that we have not seen a lot in many things. The fact that people are inquiring … about what is going on in the dome is a positive sign. We all care about the … mind of Egypt. Any old building in use is in constant need of upgrading of its … functional efficiency. Such a great historical building must be updated to … match the age especially that the weather is changing in Egypt”. ¬ 1514 ¬ 1515 ¬ 1516 “Installing air-conditioners to old buildings is problematic,” Hawwâs said. … “They have to install it from the outside to avoid as much damage as possible. /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 101/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1516… What we are witnessing in the dome is maintenance and renovation of the air … conditioning system already installed in the dome which we did not see since … it was probably at a lower level and was painted in a similar colour to that … of the building. With the advent of advanced technology someone photographed … the phase of installation of these pipes before they were painted. However, … there were some changes made to these pipes that made them appear they were on … the surface, which should not happen”. ¬ 1517 “We are meeting with a number of experts and concerned parties to discuss how … to solve the problem. The aim is to preserve the dome without any negative … effects from air.conditioners,” Hawwâs said. ¬ 1518 “We should cure the problem especially if the problem will cause a bigger … problem,” says architectural expert and founder of the Egyptian Architectural … House ‘Isâm Sayf al-Dîn. “Cairo University’s dome and clock are its symbols. … They were built in the 1920s. There were no modern studies for controlling the … temperature of a building or any type of air-conditioning. The problem was not … displayed to those who are specialised and can solve it. The pipes of these … air conditioners should be installed internally, not externally. There has to … be an intellectual effort behind it, at least from an architectural … department. Then air-conditioner installing experts can start work. This … should include experts from the National Organisation for Urban Harmony (NOUH) … and the Architects Union.” ¬ 1519 “The dome was built at the beginning of the 20th century. It was considered … unique at the time, covering a wide area without barriers. It is one of the … features of Cairo University recognised anywhere in the world,” Hawwâs said. ¬ 1520 According to Cairo University’s website, the Grand Celebrations Hall was … inaugurated in 1935, 3,160 square metres. It is roofed with a … hemisphere-shaped cupola 52 metres in length, which is what distinguishes … Cairo University. The dome has small windows on its edge in every direction to … allow natural light to enter the hall. ¬ 1521 In front of the main entrance there is a foyer, which resembles the main hall … in architectural features in which cultural seminars and artistic exhibitions … take place during the cultural and artistic season of Cairo University. The … building is composed of the main hall, the first floor and second floor. It … accommodates nearly 4,000 spectators. The main hall includes a broadcasting … room and a translation room. It is decorated by Cairo University’s slogan and … gilded ornaments. It also includes a huge theatre 20 by 20 metres. It is used … for artistic shows presented during occasions. There is also an orchestra hall … below the theatre. In the last decade, innovations have been made in the hall … including furnishing it with mats, modern illuminating devices and central … air.conditioning. ¬ 1522 “I think the solution lies in installing the pipes from the back of the … building and in the ground or distributing where these pipes are placed, in … different parts of the building, instead of on the roof. Water pipes could be … drained into nearby toilets, for example,” added Sayf al-Dîn. ¬ 1523 Professor of engineering in Cairo University Midhat al-Shâzlî explained the … outcomes of meetings held on the dome. “We will rearrange where the pipes are … so that 90 to 95 per cent of them do not show. We will use GRC, a substance to … hide the rest of the pipes whose places cannot be changed. This will take /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 102/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1523… about a month.” ¬ 1524 “We will not put a nail in the dome,” Nassâr said. “The executing company will … not charge us extra.” (Mai Samih, “Debate on the dome”, Al-Ahram Weekly, … September 8, 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Crise autour de la coupole … de l’université du Caire », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 29 août ; Doaa Elhami, « La … coupole de l’Université du Caire en danger », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 28 septembre). ¬ 1525 ¬ 1526 ¬ 1527 Le ministre de l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al.‘Inânî, a décidé la nomination de … l’archéologue Sabâh ‘Abd al-Râziq au poste de directrice générale du Musée … Égyptien, en remplacement de l’archéologue Sumayya ‘Abd al-Samî‘ qui prendra … sa retraite dans peu de jours. (Ahmad Mansûr, « Nomination de Sabâh ‘Abd … al-Râziq au poste de directrice générale du Musée Égyptien », al-Yawm … al-Sâbi‘, 8 septembre 2016. Voir également ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le ministre de … l’Archéologie procède à des remaniements à la tête du Musée Égyptien », Sada … al-Balad, 8 septembre). ¬ 1528 ¬ 1529 It is sometimes said that if you really want to know about a nation, look at … the attention it pays to its children. As people flock to see the relics of … ancient Egyptian civilisation at the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr Square in Cairo … they could do worse than look carefully at the children’s toys and board games … amid all the grand statues and other objects. ¬ 1530 These items reveal a lot about the civilisation that made them, particularly … in the excellence and attention to detail shown in them. ¬ 1531 According to a recent book, Ancient Egyptians at Play: Board Games Across … Borders by Walter CRIST, Anne-Elizabeth DUNN-VATURI and Alex DE VOOGT, the … “culture of board games in Egypt has long been a topic of interest for … archaeologists, anthropologists and lay people alike, the climatic conditions … of the Nile Valley allowing the preservation of perishable materials.” ¬ 1532 On the second floor of the Egyptian Museum in the corridor that leads to the … display of the funerary items found in the tomb of the boy pharaoh … Tutankhamun, there are some very interesting ancient Egyptian royal toys. ¬ 1533 There is the toy box of Tutankhamun himself, a white wooden box with a round … handle so that the royal baby does not hurt himself when handling it. The box … is very like those used today for children to keep their toys in while tidying … up their rooms. ¬ 1534 ¬ 1535 The display also contains a small wooden toy in the shape of a monkey, its … arms and legs being mobile so the monkey can move up and down. Next to the … monkey are two cone.shaped objects representing toy bread from ancient Egypt. ¬ 1536 There are also children’s rattles made of rope and palm leaves to keep infants … safely entertained. Like a modern rattle in concept, these ancient ones are … softer and more eco.friendly. The rattles are tucked away on a shelf that also … displays clay and wooden toys. There are dolls made of decorated leather with … thread for hair, these being like the stuffed cloth dolls still seen in parts … of Egypt today. ¬ 1537 While the latter are not on display in the Egyptian Museum, people living in … rural areas still often make handmade cloth dolls for their children from /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 103/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1537… unwanted clothing. It is a form of recycling, in the olden days part of the … village’s daily rituals. ¬ 1538 On a parallel shelf there are all sorts of soft leather balls for toddlers to … play with in different sizes and colours. Balls in different shades of blue … and green are carefully displayed next to small statues that may have been … figures for children’s entertainment. ¬ 1539 The oldest toys ever found in Egypt, little toy boats carved from wood, come … from a child’s tomb dating to the Pre-Dynastic Period. Wooden dolls for … children have also been found. However, nothing beats the mobile toy frog made … of bones and wood that can be seen on display in the Museum. The frog still … has a thread dangling from it, which made it hop when pulled. ¬ 1540 ¬ 1541 ¬ 1542 There are also board games that are a mélange of chess and siga, a traditional … Egyptian board game. A favourite of the young pharaoh Tutankhamun, there are … several versions of the game. Known by historians as “senet,” this board game … for two players with five to seven pieces per player resembles backgammon in … its rules and was popular among our ancestors and was not only limited to … royal entertainment. ¬ 1543 ¬ 1544 The board had 30 squares, which were traversed boustrophedonically (from left … to right and then from right to left) along an S-shaped pathway. It is the … Pharaonic original of the folk game siga, still popular in Upper Egypt. Unlike … senet, siga can be played on the ground by drawing a square with small squares … inside it. It can be played with small stones or date stones. ¬ 1545 Senet boards often had another game on the reverse side called the “game of … twenty,” which bore a strong resemblance to an ancient Mesopotamian game … called the “royal game of Ur” by archaeologists in which two players moved … pieces along a path or track. ¬ 1546 Another ancient Egyptian game, mehen (or snake), is the earliest known example … of a linear-track game in which players attempt to move their pieces from one … end of the board’s track to the other, often using tricks or shortcuts. ¬ 1547 The ancient Egyptian “hounds and jackals” game is also on display. This takes … the form of a square-shaped board with several small rounded holes and sticks … with hound and jackal heads on top of them to play the game. The board has two … sets of 29 holes. The pieces consist of ten small sticks with either jackal or … dog heads. The aim was probably to start at one point on the board and to move … all the figures to another point on it. ¬ 1548 Another board game that resembles the modern game of Ludo can be seen at the … Egyptian Museum. The latter also has a beautiful set of dice made from … different coloured stones cleverly transformed into even squares with regular … dots on them. ¬ 1549 What’s great about all these games is that replicas of them are now also being … sold online, meaning that today’s players can get a real taste of the games … inherited from ancient Egypt. (Amira El-Noshokaty, “Games from ancient Egypt”, … Al-Ahram Weekly, September 8, 2016. Voir également ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Les … jeux et les distractions dans l’Égypte ancienne : un nouveau programme initié … par le Musée Égyptien », Sada al-Balad, 2 août ; Basant Gamîl, « Les pharaons /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 104/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1549… ont pratiqué tous les jeux sportifs à l’exclusion du foot », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, … 14 septembre). ¬ 1550 Le Comité permanent des antiquités égyptiennes présidé par le secrétaire … général du CSA, Dr Mustafa Amîn, a autorisé la mission de l’Institut français … d’archéologie orientale (Ifao) à poursuivre ses relevés dans le temple de … Dandara. La mission entamera sa nouvelle phase de travaux vers la mi-novembre, … sous la supervision de l’inspectorat archéologique du temple. Les travaux … engloberont des relevés du mammisi, une couverture photographique interne et … externe grâce à l’utilisation d’un drone, des relevés géophysiques et … géomorphologiques à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur du temple. ¬ 1551 Par ailleurs, le Comité permanent a également autorisé la mission de … l’université de Vienne de poursuivre ses fouilles dans les sites al-Shaykh … Fadl et Awlâd al-Shaykh situés dans le gouvernorat d’al-Minyâ. (Ahmad Mansûr, … « Le CSA approuve la poursuite des travaux de la mission de l’Ifao dans le … temple de Dandara », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 8 septembre 2016. Voir également Hiba … ‘Âdil, « Poursuite des travaux de l’Ifao dans le temple de Dandara », al-Ahrâm … al-‘Arabî, 8 septembre ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « La mission de l’Ifao poursuit ses … travaux dans le temple de Dandara », Sada al-Balad, 8 septembre). ¬ 1552 Many people do not know the name of Nicole ALEXANIAN, one of the most … important Egyptologists of our time who died on 28 April this year. Nicole was … an intelligent scholar and excavator and a very decent human being. I was … abroad when my former student Muhammad Ismâ‘îl, now director of Foreign … Archaeological Missions at the Ministry of State for Antiquities, called me … and told me the sad news of her death, adding that Nicole’s illness had never … been enough to stop her from working. ¬ 1553 ¬ 1554 ¬ 1555 ¬ 1556 I used to see Nicole twice a year or so when she would come to my office with … her husband Stephan SEIDLMAYER, director of the German Archaeological … Institute in Cairo, another great Egyptologist. He and Nicole used to work … hard offering fellowships to young Egyptian archaeologists, and they would … review the articles in German in the publications of the Supreme Council of … Antiquities. I will never forget Nicole’s beautiful smile that used to cheer … everyone, and on hearing of her passing I immediately contacted Stephan, … knowing that he would sorely miss his beautiful wife, the love of his life. ¬ 1557 Nicole ALEXANIAN was born in January 1965 and studied Egyptology, art history … and German at Heidelberg University in Germany. Her PhD thesis was on “Die … provinziellen Mastabagräber und Friedhöfe im Alten Reich” (Provincial Mastaba … Tombs and Cemeteries in the Old Kingdom), which she was awarded in 2001. ¬ 1558 While still at school, she joined excavations in Egypt, working from 1988 at … Dahshûr and serving as project director there after 2005. Dahshûr and the … archaeology of Old Kingdom funerary culture remained the focus of her … scholarly work. Her book on the monumental mastaba of Netjer-Aperef at Dahshûr … and her articles on the archaeological traces of funerary rituals earned her … international recognition. Throughout her life, she devoted much effort to … caring for others, whether site workers, students, or colleagues. Living in … Egypt and working for Egyptian archaeology was for her the most important /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 105/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1558… thing in life. ¬ 1559 What really made me respect Nicole was her work at Dahshûr. This is a very … important archaeological site, originally excavated by the great Ahmad Fakhrî … who discovered the valley temple of the Dahshûr Pyramid, blocks of which are … stored in Gîza. The antiquities department gave Nicole permission to study … these. ¬ 1560 I remember on one occasion when Nicole was with me in my office with Stephan … and we were discussing the famous Bent Pyramid at Dahshûr. I told him that … Fakhrî had gone up into the chambers of the Pyramid, finding a current of cold … air that had led him to believe that the actual burial chamber of the Pyramid … had yet to be found. I told Nicole that I myself had visited the chambers and … had felt the cold air he had described. ¬ 1561 The causeway is located on the southwest corner of the valley temple … discovered by Fakhrî. The walls of the temple are decorated with scenes of a … procession of personified funerary estates. On the east wall there are scenes … of Upper Egypt and the lower funerary estates show female bearers. ¬ 1562 Nicole carried on Fakhrî’s work and was able to locate the causeway of the … pyramid to 140m away. She also worked on the cemetery located to the east of … the Red Pyramid and found the tombs of the priests who had served under the … pharaoh. She carried out an important study of the bones found inside the … tomb, the most important being her study of the skeleton of a man of 30 to 40 … years old found in a shaft. She also found the workmen’s area. I now plan to … go to Dahshûr to see this work for myself. ¬ 1563 Nicole ALEXANIAN will be greatly missed by all those working in the field of … Egyptology. This has lost one of its most important scholars who dedicated her … life to the revival of the mysteries of the early Fourth Dynasty. (Zâhî … Hawwâs, “Nicole ALEXANIAN (1965 -2016)”, Al-Ahram Weekly, September 8, 2016). ¬ 1564 ¬ 1565 Lors de sa réunion du mois de septembre, le Comité permanent des antiquités … égyptiennes présidé par le secrétaire général du CSA, Dr Mustafa Amîn, a … approuvé la demande présentée par la Politecnico di Torino, afin de poursuivre … ses travaux et d’effectuer un relevé radar dans la vallée des Rois à Louqsor, … en coopération avec des géologues égyptiens. Ces travaux se dérouleront entre … le 1er septembre 2016 et le 30 août 2017, sous la supervision du CSA. (Ahmad … Mansûr, « Le CSA autorise une mission italienne à effectuer un relevé radar … dans la vallée des Rois », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 10 septembre 2016). ¬ 1566 ¬ 1567 ¬ 1568 ¬ 1569 Le président de l’administration des Unités archéologiques portuaires, Ahmad … al-Râwî, a annoncé la saisie aujourd’hui d’une épée datant de l’époque … ottomane, fin du XIXe siècle, dans le hall 3 de l’aéroport du Caire, en … possession d’un voyageur égyptien en partance pour Riyad. ¬ 1570 ¬ 1571 peau et décoré. Il s’agit d’une pièce exceptionnelle. Le voyageur qui tentait … de l’exporter illégalement croyait que les unités archéologiques de l’aéroport … ne fonctionnaient pas durant les fêtes et les jours fériés. En fait, six … unités sont réparties à l’intérieur de l’aéroport et fonctionnent tout au long /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 106/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1571… de l’année 24h/24, 7j/7. (Ahmad Mansûr, « Saisie à l’aéroport du Caire d’une … épée d’époque ottomane », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 11 septembre 2016. Voir également … Minyâwî, « Tentative déjouée d’exportation illicite d’une épée antique ¬ 1572 vers l’ Arabie saoudite », Sada al-Balad, 1 ¬ 1573 septembre). ¬ 1574 - - ¬ 1575 ¬ 1576 ¬ 1577 Le Comité permanent des antiquités égyptiennes présidé par le secrétaire … général du CSA, Dr Mustafa Amîn, a autorisé la mission du Deutsches … Archäologisches Institut Kairo (DAIK) à poursuivre ses travaux dans la zone … archéologique de Dhirâ‘ Abû al-Nagâ à Louqsor. ¬ 1578 1er¬ 1579 Du octobre 2016 au 15 mai 2017, la mission reprendra ses fouilles dans le … secteur H, dans le monastère copte et aux alentours, ainsi que dans quelques … tombes. En outre, la mission entreprendra un relevé géophysique du site. … (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le CSA approuve la poursuite des travaux de la mission du … DAIK à Dhirâ‘ Abû al-Nagâ », Sada al-Balad, 14 septembre 2016. Voir également … Ahmad Mansûr, « Le CSA approuve la demande du DAIK pour poursuivre ses travaux … à Louqsor », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 26 septembre). ¬ 1580 La faculté d’Archéologie de l’université du Caire a annoncé la tenue de son Ve … congrès international intitulé « Les antiquités et le patrimoine dans un monde … qui change » du 19 au 22 octobre 2016. Sur son site Internet, la Faculté a … précisé que le programme de ce congrès englobe un certain nombre de visites … scientifiques des musées et des sites archéologiques au Caire et à Gîza, parmi … lesquels le chantier de fouilles de la Faculté à Saqqâra. Ce congrès vise à … présenter aux chercheurs les nouveautés dans le domaine des études … archéologiques et de la restauration en Égypte et dans les autres pays du … pourtour de la Méditerranée. (Ibrâhîm al-Dîb, « La faculté d’Archéologie du … Caire accueille le Ve congrès international pour le patrimoine », Sada … al-Balad, 14 septembre 2016). ¬ 1581 ¬ 1582 Le Comité permanent des antiquités égyptiennes, présidé par le secrétaire … général du CSA, Dr Mustafa Amîn, a approuvé la demande soumise par … l’University of Liverpool, afin de poursuivre ses travaux à Tell Nabîsha dans … la zone archéologique d’al-Sharqiyya. Du 15 octobre au 18 décembre 2016, la … mission reprendra l’étude de la céramique, effectuera un sondage sur le site, … en plus des travaux de relevés au magnétomètre. (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « La … mission de l’University of Liverpool poursuit ses travaux à Tell Nabîsha à … al-Sharqiyya », Sada al-Balad, 16 septembre 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, … « Le CSA approuve la demande de l’University of Liverpool pour poursuivre ses … travaux à al-Sharqiyya », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 27 septembre). ¬ 1583 Le Comité permanent des antiquités égyptiennes, présidé par le secrétaire … général du CSA, Dr Mustafa Amîn, a approuvé la demande soumise par le … Metropolitan Museum of Art, afin de poursuivre ses travaux à Dahshûr. Du 1er … septembre au 15 décembre 2016, la mission s’occupera du transfert des pièces … découvertes et entreposées dans son ancien magasin à al-Lisht vers un nouvel … entrepôt muséographique aménagé à Dahshûr. La mission poursuivra également la /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 107/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1583… fouille du complexe pyramidal de Sésostris III, ainsi que l’étude des momies … et des restes humains exhumés au cours des précédentes campagnes. (‘Alâ’ … al-Minyâwî, « Le CSA approuve la poursuite des travaux de la mission du … Metropolitan Museum à Dahshûr », Sada al-Balad, 16 septembre 2016. Voir … également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le CSA autorise le Metropolitan Museum à poursuivre … ses travaux à Dahshûr », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 24 septembre). ¬ 1584 ¬ 1585 ¬ 1586 ¬ 1587 Le Comité permanent des antiquités égyptiennes, présidé par le secrétaire … général du CSA, Dr Mustafa Amîn, a approuvé la demande soumise par l’Eberhard … Karls Universität Tübingen, afin de poursuivre les travaux de la mission … égypto-allemande sur le site d’Athribis à Nag‘ al-Shaykh Hamd à Abydos dans le … gouvernorat de Suhâg. Du 15 octobre 2016 au 31 mai 2017, la mission effectuera … des fouilles dans le temple de Ptolémée IX et de Ptolémée XII. À cela … s’ajoutent les travaux de restauration, de photographie, de documentation, … ainsi que la formation des inspecteurs et spécialistes de la restauration. … (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « La mission de l’Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen … poursuit ses travaux à Athribis », Sada al-Balad, 17 septembre 2016. Voir … également Ahmad Mansûr, « L’Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen forme des … inspecteurs et des restaurateurs égyptiens », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 26 septembre). ¬ 1588 ¬ 1589 Within the framework of the ministry of antiquities efforts to encourage … scientific publication, the fifteenth edition of the Cahiers de Karnak was … released. The new edition is the product of cooperation between the ministry … and the French-Egyptian Center for Karnak Temples Studies (CFEETK). ¬ 1590 al-Husayn ‘Abd al-Basîr, director general of Scientific Publication at the … ministry, told Ahram Online that this edition is devoted to studies and … research on variety topics related the Temples of Karnak. ‘Abd al-Basîr … explained that the periodical, which is issued annually, usually features a … variety of studies in French and English, in addition to summaries translated … into Arabic. ¬ 1591 ¬ 1592 Cahiers de Karnak also carried studies of stelae and chapels such as the … chapel dedicated to the god Khonsu between the Mut Temple and the Nile. … (Nevine El-Aref, “Egypt’s fifteenth edition of the Cahiers de Karnak out”, … Ahram Online, September 19, 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministère … de l’Archéologie édite les Cahiers de Karnak en français, en anglais et en … arabe », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 19 septembre ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « Nouvelle livraison … d’un périodique spécialisé sur les temples de Karnak », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 19 … septembre ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le CSA édite le 15e numéro des Cahiers de … Karnak », Sada al-Balad, 19 septembre). ¬ 1593 Le Comité permanent des antiquités égyptiennes, présidé par le secrétaire … général du CSA, Dr Mustafa Amîn, a approuvé la demande soumise par … l’Università degli studi di Milano, afin de poursuivre ses travaux dans la … zone archéologique de Umm al-Dabâdib dans l’oasis d’al-Khârga. Du 1er … septembre 2016 au 30 juin 2017, la mission effectuera des fouilles dans la … forteresse, ainsi que l’étude du système agricole, sous la supervision de /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 108/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1593… l’inspectorat archéologique. (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « La mission de l’Università … degli studi di Milano poursuit ses travaux à Umm al-Dabâdib dans la Nouvelle … Vallée », Sada al-Balad, 19 septembre 2016). ¬ 1594 ¬ 1595 ¬ 1596 ¬ 1597 ¬ 1598 Conformément aux directives du ministre de l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al-‘Inânî, … une commission présidée par le président du secteur des antiquités islamiques … et coptes, al.Sa‘îd Hilmî ‘Izzat, a inspecté le kiosque à thé situé dans le … parc al-Muntazah en Alexandrie. Ce bâtiment est classé sur la liste du … patrimoine islamique. Cette inspection vise à en déterminer l’état … architectural, afin de poursuivre les travaux de restauration. (‘Alâ’ … al-Minyâwî, « Une commission d’inspection du kiosque à thé en vue de sa … restauration », Sada al-Balad, 20 septembre 2016). ¬ 1599 ¬ 1600 ¬ 1601 Jean-Luc MARTINEZ, président-directeur général du Musée du Louvre, revient sur … l’accord conclu entre son établissement et le ministère égyptien des … Antiquités. ¬ 1602 Al-Ahram Hebdo : Quel est le but de cet accord signé entre le ministère des … Antiquités et le Musée du Louvre ? ¬ 1603 Jean-Luc MARTINEZ : Nous, les Français, avons une longue histoire partagée … avec l’Égypte et le ministère des Antiquités. Les savants français ont … beaucoup travaillé en Égypte sur l’époque pharaonique ainsi que sur l’époque … copte, byzantine et aussi islamique. Ce protocole est basé sur les échanges … d’histoire et d’expertise dans le domaine des antiquités et spécialement dans … le domaine des musées. Nous commencerons par les conservateurs égyptiens du … musée d’Art islamique (MAI) qui vont se rendre pour trois semaines en France, … afin d’être formés à la muséologie. Ils étudieront la collection du … département de l’art de l’islam au Louvre. Nos chercheurs aussi vont se rendre … en Égypte pour un échange d’expertise en matière d’antiquités islamiques. ¬ 1604 — ¬ 1605 Pourquoi avoir choisi le musée d’Art islamique ? ¬ 1606 ¬ 1607 — ¬ 1608 Le musée d’Art islamique au Caire existe depuis 1926, et pendant 25 ans, il a … été présidé par le Français Gaston WIET. Nous conservons donc en France … beaucoup d’archives et de photographies du musée. Donc, le travail commencera … par l’échange des archives, nous voulons les étudier avec nos partenaires … égyptiens parce que presque tous les documents sont écrits en français, et … bien entendu, nos collègues égyptiens ont le droit de les étudier parce que … c’est une partie de l’histoire de leur musée. ¬ 1609 ¬ 1610 — ¬ 1611 Cette convention se base-t-elle uniquement sur l’échange scientifique entre le … Louvre et le MAI ? ¬ 1612 ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 109/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1613 — ¬ 1614 C’est principalement une collaboration au niveau de la formation du personnel … mais aussi pour l’organisation d’expositions et les échanges de savoir-faire. … On va commencer un travail de numérisation des archives du Louvre, car on … possède des photographies qui remontent au moment des découvertes des pièces … antiques depuis les années 1920. Ensuite on compte collaborer pour organiser … des expositions en échangeant à la fois des thèmes et du savoir-faire. Il n’y … a pas beaucoup de collections d’art islamique dans le monde. ¬ 1615 ¬ 1616 — ¬ 1617 Du point de vue des échanges entre les deux pays, comment cette collaboration … se traduira-t-elle ? ¬ 1618 ¬ 1619 — ¬ 1620 Il sera très intéressant que les archéologues égyptiens se rendent à Paris, … afin de travailler sur la collection française de l’art de l’islam au Louvre. … Les premiers qui se rendront au Louvre sont ceux qui ont travaillé sur les … pièces actuellement exposées au MAI ¬ 1621 ¬ 1622 ¬ 1623 ¬ 1624 ¬ 1625 après leur restauration et leur aménagement. Ceci nous donne une idée pour … pouvoir changer et faire évoluer l’actuelle présentation des pièces islamiques … au Louvre, pour mieux comprendre la culture islamique. Pour nous, Français, … cette collaboration nous permet de retrouver ce lien avec la réalité de ce … pays. ¬ 1626 — ¬ 1627 Comment votre récente visite au musée d’Art islamique au Caire renforce-t-elle … les relations culturelles franco-égyptiennes ? ¬ 1628 ¬ 1629 — ¬ 1630 Je faisais partie de la délégation culturelle qui accompagnait le président … François HOLLANDE lors de sa visite en Égypte en avril dernier. Suite à cette … visite, le président nous a conseillé sur la nécessité du renforcement des … relations culturelles entre les deux pays, notamment dans le domaine du … patrimoine et des musées. On a alors signé une convention entre les deux pays … sur la coopération dans le domaine de la muséologie. Après cette signature, je … sens qu’on est sur le bon chemin pour appliquer cette coopération. C’est un … pas en avant. ¬ 1631 ¬ 1632 — ¬ 1633 Comment évaluez-vous le MAI du Caire après sa restauration ? ¬ 1634 ¬ 1635 — ¬ 1636 Je suis vraiment impressionné par le travail qu’on a trouvé au MAI parce que … j’ai vu à travers les photos que le musée était complètement endommagé par … l’explosion de janvier 2014. C’était une destruction totale. Un travail de /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 110/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1636… fond a été fait et le musée s’est redressé de nouveau. Ce qui est remarquable … vraiment, c’est le travail des restaurateurs, des conservations, de … muséologie, un travail aussi de réflexion publique. ¬ 1637 ¬ 1638 — ¬ 1639 Selon vous, le MAI présente-t-il efficacement ses collections au public ? ¬ 1640 ¬ 1641 — ¬ 1642 Au Musée islamique, il y a une clarté dans l’exposition des pièces. Ainsi, le … fil conducteur de visite est bien effectué à travers une collection … surprenante, un bâtiment exceptionnel ainsi qu’un quartier incroyable tout … autour. En fait, les musées doivent raconter des histoires pour faire le lien … entre les œuvres présentées et le public. Le MAI établit bien ce lien afin que … la visite soit intéressante. Un autre aspect remarquable au MAI, c’est qu’il … regroupe une belle collection de pièces islamiques étrangères. Ce qui est … assez rare. La plupart des pays de culture islamique ont des musées qui … possèdent des pièces uniquement de leurs propres pays. Alors que le MAI … possède des pièces d’art islamique de l’Iran, et de l’Empire ottoman, etc. Il … les met bien en ¬ 1643 ¬ 1644 ¬ 1645 valeur. En Égypte, on est au cœur du monde islamique, alors on a des objets … très anciens (égyptiens), mais aussi des pièces provenant d’autres régions du … monde, ce qui est assez exceptionnel. ¬ 1646 Il est vrai que la plupart des musées d’art islamique occidentaux possèdent … des collections d’art iranien ou ottoman, mais il est difficile pour les … étrangers de bien comprendre les points de divergence entre les différentes … pièces vu la richesse de l’histoire islamique. La muséologie est une science … très importante pour pouvoir attirer les visiteurs. ¬ 1647 — ¬ 1648 Après une tournée au MAI, quelles sont vos critiques ? ¬ 1649 ¬ 1650 — ¬ 1651 J’ai l’impression que tout est bien fait. Le musée est prêt pour … l’inauguration. Il attend son public. (Nasma Réda, « Jean-Luc MARTINEZ : Nous … allons collaborer pour organiser des expositions en échangeant le savoir-faire … », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 21 septembre 2016). ¬ 1652 ¬ 1653 ¬ 1654 « Tûf we Shûf » (se balader et observer). C’est le nom d’une nouvelle campagne … lancée par le ministère des Antiquités pour promouvoir la prise de conscience … archéologique chez les enfants. L’initiative a été lancée le 2 août dernier. « … On vise une grande partie des Égyptiens, surtout les enfants accompagnés de … leurs parents qui aiment les excursions », explique Rashâ Kamâl, directrice … générale du secteur du développement culturel. Selon elle, cette initiative, … en collaboration avec l’ONG Misr al-Irâda (la volonté de l’Égypte), veut … également sensibiliser les jeunes à leur histoire culturelle et les lier aux … sites archéologiques, « ce qui créera un sentiment de loyauté à la patrie ». ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 111/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1655 « Le rôle des guides accompagnant ces groupes n’est pas seulement éducatif et … culturel, ils doivent entendre les propositions du public et étudier celles … plus importantes et créatives, afin de les appliquer dans différents sites … archéologiques aux quatre coins du pays », explique Muhammad Yâsîn, chef de … l’ONG. L’idée n’est pas nouvelle, mais le pari est d’instaurer une relation … permanente entre les Égyptiens et leurs sites archéologiques. « Le ministère a … réfléchi à distribuer de petits catalogues des lieux visités », souligne … Kamâl. ¬ 1656 Les responsables de cette initiative ont choisi une quinzaine de sites au … Caire et ont décidé aussi de distribuer un passeport illustré aux … participants, contenant les noms et adresses de chaque endroit. À chaque … visite, il sera tamponné du sceau du site. ¬ 1657 ¬ 1658 ¬ 1659 Mais la visite guidée n’est pas une simple balade archéologique. Elle est … aussi importante pour raconter des histoires sur chaque site et attirer … l’attention des enfants. « Également, la visite a prévu une pause pour … visionner un documentaire sur l’histoire de l’endroit visité », indique Kamâl, … qui a accompagné les trois premières tournées. Elle ajoute : « On organise de … même des ateliers de dessin et des travaux manuels. Nous distribuons aussi des … puzzles et des questionnaires pour les plus grands. De même, les jeunes … peuvent participer aux concours pour l’écriture de pièces de théâtre ou de … nouvelles ou même des poèmes décrivant une scène qui se déroule dans un lieu … archéologique. Les prix seront distribués à la fin du programme par le … ministère des Antiquités. Ils varient entre entrées gratuites ou billets à … prix réduits sur les sites archéologiques », indique Yâsîn. ¬ 1660 Cette première phase de « Tûf we Shûf », qui s’organise chaque semaine, se … déroulera sur quatre mois consécutifs. Outre le programme d’hiver prévu plus … tard. « On vise à aller plus loin dans les gouvernorats, surtouten … Haute-Égypte avec un public un peu plus âgé », conclut Kamâl. (Nasma Réda, « … Visiter en s’amusant », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 21 septembre 2016. Voir également « … Un passeport pour encourager les enfants à visiter les sites archéologiques », … Sada al-Balad, 9 août ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « Lancement du programme Tûf we Shûf … destiné à rehausser la conscience archéologique », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 10 août … ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Lancement de la deuxième phase du programme Tûf we Shûf dans … la zone archéologique d’al-Ghûriyya », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 11 août). ¬ 1661 ¬ 1662 égyptologues égyptiens, ont été annoncés lorsqu’il travaillait sur son … Dictionnaire hiéroglyphe-arabe, en 1923. Ce dictionnaire est le fruit de 21 … ans de travail et de recherche sur la civilisation de l’Égypte ancienne. … Malgré cette annonce datant de presque un siècle, ce dictionnaire n’a vu le … jour qu’à l’occasion de l’exposition des répliques et des publications du … ministère égyptien des Antiquités en cours au Musée égyptien du Caire. ¬ 1663 « L’ex-ministre des Antiquités, Zâhî Hawwâs, a recueilli les manuscrits … d’Ahmad Kamâl pacha et les a publiés dans l’imprimerie du ministère », raconte … Ahmad Samîr, inspecteur au Musée Égyptien. La publication a respecté le nombre … de volumes du dictionnaire précisé par l’auteur. Seuls 20 volumes ont été … retrouvés sur les 23 composant le dictionnaire. Ces volumes longtemps /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 112/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1663… conservés dans les dépôts du ministère ont dû attendre « la validation du … nouveau ministre des Antiquités, Khâlid al-‘Inânî, pour organiser une … exposition pour le grand public ». ¬ 1664 « C’est l’une des plus importantes références pour les étudiants de l’Égypte … ancienne et les égyptologues », commente Samîr. Pour lui, ce dictionnaire est … un monument, puisque la dernière édition est identique au manuscrit d’origine … « qu’Ahmad Kamâl pacha a rédigé à la main, et dont les pages de grand format … sont beiges et non-alignées », continue-t-il. Chaque volume est protégé de … deux couvertures : la première est en papier épais tandis que la seconde est … noire et ornée de hiéroglyphes dorés avec l’équivalent arabe. L’auteur a … choisi comme titre Dictionnaire hiéroglyphe-arabe, et celui-ci est resté … inchangé. Pour toutes ces raisons, ce dictionnaire est devenu le best-seller … des publications exposées. ¬ 1665 Le dictionnaire renferme le mot hiéroglyphe, ses synonymes variés et leur … équivalent en arabe. Celui-ci est encore enrichi d’explications et de … commentaires en français, la langue favorite de l’auteur. « Parfois on y … trouve encore les équivalents : copte, hébreu, éthiopien ou araméen… », … explique l’expert en égyptologie, Lu’ay Mahmûd Sa‘îd, dans son livre Kamâl et … Yûsuf, deux archéologues du bon vieux temps. Ce dictionnaire explique que les … hiéroglyphes et la langue arabe sont dérivés de la même racine. Même la … grammaire est quasi identique. « Mon étude minutieuse de la civilisation de … l’Égypte ancienne, débutée à l’âge de 18 ans jusqu’à mes 60 ans, m’a guidé … dans mes recherches, et m’a permis de démontrer que la langue de l’Égypte … ancienne et l’arabe d’aujourd’hui proviennent de la même source », a annoncé … Ahmad Kamâl pacha dans une conférence scientifique en 1914. Ce parti pris a … freiné la publication de cette grande étude. ¬ 1666 ¬ 1667 ¬ 1668 En 1923, l’auteur a tenté de publier son œuvre à travers le ministère de … Ma‘ârif (ancien ministère de l’Éducation) qui lui en proposait 4 000 L.E. Mais … le directeur des publications, qui était anglais, a invité l’égyptologue … anglais FIRTH, pour revoir le dictionnaire. « Ce dernier a refusé de corriger … l’œuvre d’Ahmad Kamâl pacha, mais a demandé au directeur du MuséeÉgyptien qui … était à cette époque un Français, LACOS, d’y participer. Ce dernier a refusé … de publier l’ouvrage pour qu’il reste la propriété des Français », retrace … l’expert Sa‘îd. ¬ 1669 Après la parution du célèbre Dictionnaire de Berlin quelques années plus tard, … celui d’Ahmad Kamâl pacha est tombé dans l’oubli. Il faudrait attendre les … années 1960 pour que l’affaire du dictionnaire surgisse à nouveau. Les … héritiers de Kamâl pacha craignaient alors le vol de l’ouvrage et souhaitaient … qu’il ait été édité. Toutes les tentatives ont échoué. ¬ 1670 Dans les années 2000, enfin, le premier dictionnaire rédigé, Dictionnaire … hiéroglyphe-arabe, est publié dans les imprimeries du ministère égyptien des … Antiquités. Et ce trésor de la civilisation égyptienne devient enfin … accessible au public. (Doaa Elhami, « Le dictionnaire de Kamâl pacha s’offre … au public », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 21 septembre 2016). ¬ 1671 ¬ 1672 D’un seul coup, nous avons élagué une superficie de 14 feddans », confie /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 113/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1672… Badawî. « Cette tâche titanesque a nécessité le concours de tous les employés … du musée, des jardiniers et de la compagnie en charge de la maintenance », … conclut-il. (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le directeur du palais Manyal : Les arbres du … parc n’ont pas été élagués depuis 10 ans », Sada al-Balad, 21 septembre 2016). ¬ 1673 ¬ 1674 ¬ 1675 Conservation work of the newly uncovered beam from Khufu’s second boat … (photos: Khaled El-Fiki) ¬ 1676 The newly revealed wooden beam with pieces of metal on it that has been taken … from the pit of the ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu’s second solar boat on the … Gîza Plateau has raised controversy over the original use of the boat. ¬ 1677 Was it intended to transport the deceased king throughout eternity as was once … thought? Or was it simply a Nile cruiser? ¬ 1678 Why did the beam with metal pieces on it not exist in the first boat, now on … display in a special museum on the Gîza Plateau? What was the function of the … pieces? Are they oar.holders, as has been suggested? Or were they used to link … ropes like those found in the Middle Kingdom port of Marsa Wâdî Gawâsîs in … Sinai? ¬ 1679 There is no evidence available that might serve to answer these questions, but … scientific consultant to the Khufu’s second solar boat project Muhammad … Mustafa ‘Abd al-Magîd told Al-Ahram Weekly that Egyptologists were actively … seeking a solution. ¬ 1680 “The discovery of Khufu’s boats on the Gîza Plateau in 1954 raised controversy … over their original usage in antiquity, but the recently uncovered beam with … the metal pieces on it in the king’s second boat pit has added even more … mystery,” ‘Abd al-Magîd said. ¬ 1681 ¬ 1682 ¬ 1683 Over half a century after the discovery of the first boat, scholars are still … debating its purpose. Some say the vessel is a solar barque that Khufu would … have used in his persona as the sun god Re during his daily voyages across the … sky and that it was never intended for use on water. Others say the ship was a … funerary craft to transport Khufu’s mummy on the Nile to the Gîza necropolis, … or a ceremonial vessel used by the king on pilgrimages to holy sites. ¬ 1684 “Like much else surrounding this magnificent creation, its function remains an … enigma,” ‘Abd al-Magîd said, adding that the newly found beam in Khufu’s … second boat added more mystery to the enigma. ¬ 1685 The beam was unique, he said, and nothing like it had been found in Khufu’s … first boat or in other ancient boats discovered elsewhere. ¬ 1686 “Although the remains of boats found in Marsa Wâdî Gawâsîs in Sinai contain … copper pieces, these are of different shapes and sizes,” he said, adding that … the metal pieces found in Khufu’s second boat were C and U.shaped, while the … ones at Marsa Gawâsîs were rounded and used to tie the sail ropes and fix the … beams together. ¬ 1687 ¬ 1688 “For many, the beam may be an oar-holder, and the metal pieces could be the … remains of a frame to prevent the steering rows from falling into the sea when … using the oars to change the boat’s direction,” he said. Most probably this /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 114/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1688… boat was a royal ceremonial craft that took the king across the Nile, he … added. ¬ 1689 Similar beams with C-shaped copper pieces have been found in a naval scene … painted on the walls of the tomb of an Old Kingdom nobleman named Ty in the … Saqqâra necropolis, he said, supporting the idea that the second boat was used … for royal transportation. ¬ 1690 “I think that both boats may have been Nile cruisers with different … functions,” ‘Abd al-Magîd told the Weekly, suggesting that the first was … dedicated to the royal family while the second was used by sailors to pull the … first boat. ¬ 1691 ¬ 1692 Khufu’s first royal boat ¬ 1693 The first boat did not have steering oars like the second one, and the 12 oars … found in it would have been used to change the boat’s direction, ‘Abd al-Magîd … added. He said the royal shrine in the first boat was a luxurious … superstructure, while the captain’s shrine was found in the second boat. ¬ 1694 All these suggestions are speculative, however, and they await the results of … recent studies and the completion of the excavation of Khufu’s second boat … before they can be confirmed. ¬ 1695 A number of studies are still to be conducted in order to find out whether the … second boat sailed across water in antiquity. The studies will include … analysis of the beams to measure the humidity and the number and kind of … scratches on them. Hieratic symbols engraved on them will also be documented … in order to find the best technique to correctly rebuild the boat. ¬ 1696 A study comparing these symbols with those found on boats in Marsa Wâdî … Gawâsîs was also to be conducted, ‘Abd al-Magîd said. ¬ 1697 He added that every uncovered beam had been digitally documented in order to … facilitate its reconstruction. “The project is a great opportunity to conduct … special studies that will reveal the number of cedar trees used in the … construction of the boat and the age of every tree when it was cut down,” he … concluded. (Nevine El-Aref, “A cruise fit for a king”, Al-Ahram Weekly, … September 22, 2016. Voir également ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Une délégation de la … JICA visite le projet de la deuxième barque de Chéops », Sada al-Balad, 16 … août ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie assiste à l’extraction des … bois de la deuxième barque de Chéops », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 30 août). ¬ 1698 ¬ 1699 ¬ 1700 We cannot deny the great work done by foreign scholars for Egyptian … antiquities. There have been many great people who have contributed to the … field of antiquities, among them MARIETTE Pasha and Gaston MASPERO. ¬ 1701 When I go to the garden of the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr Square, I always … recall all the work done by MARIETTE Pasha both in terms of his discoveries … and in terms of conservation. I value in particular what MASPERO did to … explicate the mummy cache that was discovered by the ‘Abd al-Rasûl family. ¬ 1702 We also value the work of scholars BORCHARDT and LEPSIUS, Howard CARTER, Sir … Alan GARDINER, and John WILSON. I cannot list all the names of all the great … scholars in the field of Egyptology: I can only write the names of some of … those who come to mind. Without the great work of these foreign scholars, we /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 115/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1702… would not have Egyptology as it is now. ¬ 1703 When I first went to the International Congress of Egyptology in the French … city of Grenoble, I went to the town where the French Egyptologist … Jean-Francois CHAMPOLLION had lived and visited his house. I sat on his chair … in his office — the chair of this man who had decoded hieroglyphics for the … first time. ¬ 1704 When I became head of antiquities in Egypt in 2002, I decided to re-organise … the department. Egyptian antiquities have suffered a great deal from the work … of the amateurs and adventurers who dominated exploration in Egypt for … centuries. Things improved enormously over the course of the 20th century, but … until recently people who were not qualified to excavate were still granted … concessions in Egypt, among them students. ¬ 1705 Believe it or not, a group of American women with lots of enthusiasm but … absolutely no training were permitted to excavate at Karnak only 19 years ago. … Even more recently, French amateurs with no institutional backing were given … permission to make holes in the Great Pyramid at Gîza. ¬ 1706 The person in charge of antiquities at that time was a philologist, and he had … no understanding of archaeology and could not distinguish between a real … scholar and an amateur. He made many mistakes and even once permitted an Arab … princess to leave Egypt with an ancient manuscript. ¬ 1707 As a result, in 2002 I instituted new rules for all, both Egyptians and … foreigners. According to these, only professionals affiliated with reputable … institutions would be permitted to head projects in Egypt. The purpose of this … was not to scare off or to harm anybody, but instead it was meant to protect … our irreplaceable monuments and to create a system that would apply to all. … Everywhere else in the world there is a system of this sort, but for some … reason people object or complain when we implement a system like this in … Egypt. ¬ 1708 If an amateur Egyptian applied to excavate or to carry out a conservation … project in America or France, would he or she be given permission to do so? I … doubt that the officials in charge would even respond to the request, much … less approve the project. ¬ 1709 The rules that were introduced put a stop to all new excavations in Upper … Egypt, although conservation, restoration and recording projects were still … welcomed. New excavation projects are permitted in the Delta and the deserts, … areas that are under threat from agricultural expansion and the rising water … table. Salvaging sites in these regions is crucial. ¬ 1710 Another rule was that every excavation team was responsible for conserving and … restoring anything it discovered. Publication is essential, and preliminary … reports were to be submitted to the journal of the Antiquities Service, the … ASAE, in both English and Arabic. ¬ 1711 A full scientific report was to be published by expeditions that had been … working in the country for 20 years or more but had never published their … work. Scientific results that are not available to scholars are useless, and … they contribute nothing to our knowledge of the past. ¬ 1712 All discoveries must be announced through the Supreme Council of Antiquities … (SCA). Archaeologists must present official reports of their results, and a … decision is then made on how and whether to make an announcement to the media. /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 116/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1712… Scientific reports may be published at any time, but media announcements must … go through the SCA. ¬ 1713 The UK Egyptologist Joann FLETCHER once announced that she had found the mummy … of queen Nefertiti. She thought that the mummy of the young lady in tomb KV35 … was that of Nefertiti, but she gave no evidence for this view. Nevertheless, … her announcement went all around the world, even if the SCA in Egypt knew … nothing about it. The SCA permanent committee then stopped FLETCHER from … working in Egypt because she had disobeyed the rules. ¬ 1714 ¬ 1715 ¬ 1716 Foreign expeditions are also responsible for paying their Egyptian inspectors … as members of their teams. Anyone involved in any way with the antiquities … trade is also either suspended or permanently banned from working in Egypt. ¬ 1717 These are the rules that all must respect. So I was astonished to read in an … English.language newspaper published in Cairo that 35 foreign expeditions had … been prevented from working in Egypt. The truth was that four archaeologists … who were either involved in buying or identifying objects for antiquities … dealers were suspended, one of them having also made a speculative and … unauthorised announcement to the media. ¬ 1718 Several project proposals have been turned down because they did not meet the … stated requirements. But a reputable expedition connected with a museum or … university abroad that followed the rules has never been stopped. ¬ 1719 Egypt’s monuments are in danger not only from the environment, tourism, and … the expanding population, but also from being destroyed by ignorance. … Important pieces of our history are lost forever when amateurs are let loose … on monuments. ¬ 1720 There are many well-respected scholars from France, Germany, the US, the UK, … and other countries working in Egypt. These men and women have dedicated their … lives to Egyptology, and they work hard to do what they can to save and learn … from our monuments for the benefit of all. ¬ 1721 On the other hand, there are still others who believe they own the country, … are disrespectful to Egyptians, who ban Egyptian students from their … libraries, and who support amateurs who want to carry out projects that will … damage the heritage. These people should be prevented from working in Egypt. … Those who are our friends and help us in our shared work should be rewarded. ¬ 1722 When I drafted the new rules, most people approved of them and only a few … objected. These rules enabled everyone to work peacefully together, and for … the first time Egyptian inspectors became part of expeditions and were not … told simply to wait in expedition houses drinking tea. ¬ 1723 We began to teach our young people excavation techniques, and we made a rule … that only these who had passed courses in field schools could accompany … expeditions. I am sorry to see what has happened to these rules today, when … three expeditions have been permitted to work in Upper Egypt. ¬ 1724 I hope that all Egyptians and all non-Egyptians will be able to collaborate in … the preservation and recording of the country’s monuments. These monuments may … not be around in 100 years if we do not do our utmost to conserve them. (Zâhî … Hawwâs, “Foreign expeditions in Egypt”, Al-Ahram Weekly, September 22, 2016). ¬ 1725 ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 117/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1726 ¬ 1727 Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî is set to inaugurate on Saturday a … number of archaeological sites, as well as the second round of the “Thebes in … the first millennium BC” conference in Luxor. The conference is organised by … the South ‘Asâsîf Conservation Project in conjunction with the Ministry of … Antiquities and the Egypt Exploration Society. ¬ 1728 Mahmûd ‘Afîfî, head of the ancient Egyptian department at the Ministry of … Antiquities, said that the conference will feature presentations from 46 … Egyptian and international scholars and has attracted close to 200 … participants. The main focus of the conference, he said, is current … archaeological research on tombs and temples of the 25th-26th dynasties in the … Theban area. ¬ 1729 Papers on other Egyptian sites and monuments of the Kushite and Saite periods … are also invited from all areas of research including archaeology, art … history, history, chronology, religion, linguistics, and anthropology. The … conference will also feature discussion panels to facilitate communication. ¬ 1730 ¬ 1731 ¬ 1732 The conference will be accompanied by field trips to archaeological sites … related to the period, including the Kushite and Saite tombs of the South … ‘Asâsîf necropolis, North ‘Asâsîf Necropolis and Karnak temple. (Nevine … El-Aref, “Archaeological conference, second hall of tomb of Karakhamun to open … in Luxor”, Ahram Online, September 23, 2016. Voir également ¬ 1733 1er¬ 1734 Hiba ‘Âdil, « Thèbes au cours du millénaire : conférence qui s’ouvre dimanche … à Louqsor », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 23 septembre ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le … ministre de l’Archéologie inaugure la conférence Thèbes au cours du 1er … millénaire dans le musée de la momification à Louqsor », Sada al-Balad, 24 … septembre ; Ahmad Mar‘î, « Inauguration de la conférence Thèbes au cours du … 1er millénaire dans le musée de la momification », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 25 … septembre). ¬ 1735 ¬ 1736 La mission archéologique japonaise travaillant à Achôris (Tihnâ al-Gabal), sur … la rive Est du Nil, au Nord de la ville de Minyâ, achève aujourd’hui ses … travaux commencés le ¬ 1737 1er ¬ 1738 août dernier, sous la direction du Prof. HIROKI. (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « La … mission japonaise de Tihnâ al-Gabal achève sa campagne », Sada al-Balad, 25 … septembre 2016). ¬ 1739 ¬ 1740 ¬ 1741 A group of lancers ¬ 1742 To mark the anniversary of the 6 October victory in the 1973 Arab-Israeli war, … the Egyptian Museum has selected nine artefacts from its collection that … highlight the Egyptian army in ancient times to be put to the vote on Facebook … for its “October piece of the month.” ¬ 1743 The director-general of the museum, Sabâh ‘Abd al-Râziq, explained that the … selected objects show the role of the Egyptian army during ancient times and /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 118/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1743… the weapons they used in their battles against invaders. ¬ 1744 The selected artefacts are diverse and include a group of Egyptian lancers … carved in wood from the tomb of Prince Mesehti in Asyût; a limestone statue of … the 11th dynasty Theban Antef, chief general of King Mentuhotep II, seated and … wearing a wig; and an alabaster statue of the 18th dynasty King Tuthmosis III, … who created the largest empire that ancient Egypt had ever seen, conducting … seventeen army campaigns. The statue shows the king kneeling offering nu pots … and wearing the nemes, the famous Pharaonic striped headdress, and the uraeus, … the snake ornament worn by Egyptian pharaohs. ¬ 1745 Another artefact included is one of King Tutankhamun’s eight shields, which … shows the king holding a scimitar ready to kill two lions. Also included are … the head of Nakhtmin, chief general from the reign of Tutankhamun, and a … statue of Nakhtmin and his wife Tiy, seated with an offering table in front of … them. ¬ 1746 Two-limestone ostraca from the 19th and 20th dynasties are also among the … selected objects. One shows King Ramses IV on his chariot catching Syrians and … Africans, with a lion attacking another Syrian captive. On the back of the … ostracon a bull is depicted. The second depicts King Ramses IX with two … prisoners. Beside him the god Amun holds out a falcon and gives him an ankh … and was sceptre in support. ¬ 1747 Coins representing military victory and the courage of the army are also … featured. (Nevine El-Aref, “Egyptian Museum’s 'piece of the month' contest … looks to military history for October”, Ahram Online, September 26, 2016). ¬ 1748 La présidente du Fonds de développement culturel (CDF), Dr Nivîn al-Kîlânî, a … annoncé que la takiyat Abû al-Dahab a été vidée des fonctionnaires du … ministère de l’Archéologie puis remise, enfin, au CDF afin de la transformer … en un musée Nagîb Mahfûz. La compagnie du BTP est entrée en possession des … lieux avant les fêtes du grand Bayram. Les préparatifs lancés ainsi que les … travaux de restauration vont durer six mois, sous la supervision du ministère … de l’Archéologie. ¬ 1749 ¬ 1750 ¬ 1751 ¬ 1752 À l’issue de sa réaffectation, la takiyat Abû al-Dahab sera dotée d’un musée … et d’une bibliothèque renfermant des ouvrages en arabe et en langues … étrangères sur le romancier Nagîb Mahfûz, d’une salle de projection … cinématographique, d’un salon VIP et d’une salle pour les conservateurs de la … bibliothèque. (Basant Gamîl, « Enfin, le CDF reçoit takiyat Abû al-Dahab pour … la transformer en un musée Nagîb Mahfûz », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 26 septembre … 2016). ¬ 1753 ¬ 1754 An Egyptian ministerial delegation headed to Greece on Tuesday morning to … discuss the management of several historic properties in Greece that belong to … the Egyptian state. ¬ 1755 According to an Endowments Ministry press statement issued on Tuesday, the … delegation plans to meet with Greek officials to discuss properties belonging … to the Endowments Ministry in the city of Kavala and on the island of Thassos. ¬ 1756 The press release, which was issued during a conference for the Egypt-Greece /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 119/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1756… Business Council, said that the delegation had met with the Egyptian Cabinet … prior to departure to determine their objectives and develop a clear action … plan. ¬ 1757 The delegation includes representatives from the Endowments Ministry, the … Tourism Development Authority, the National Security Agency and the … Administrative Control Authority. ¬ 1758 The visit aims to take action on the restoration of several historic buildings … and works of art belonging to Egypt and currently under the supervision of the … Egyptian Embassy in Athens, said Hany Berzy, head of the Egyptian group at the … Egypt-Greece Business Council during the conference. ¬ 1759 “We want to invest in the Egyptian properties in Greece... and we call on … members of the council to discuss the suggestions seriously,” Berzy added. ¬ 1760 In addition to discussing the condition of the properties, the Egyptian … delegation will be looking into their current usage. The Endowments Ministry … rents the properties for various uses, including tourism, claiming that rental … prices are very reasonable. ¬ 1761 However, sources at the ministry say there has been an increase in property … violations recently, including encroachment on its land. The delegation will … be speaking with Greek officials and tenants with a view to resolving the … issues. ¬ 1762 Gamâl Nûr, undersecretary at the Endowments Ministry, said that Egypt … conducted negotiations with Greece between 1960 and 1984 over several … properties on the island of Thassos that belonged to the family of Muhammad … ‘Alî Pasha. ¬ 1763 In a statement to al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘ Nûr said that a Greek woman named Anna … MESRIAN is currently leasing Muhammad ‘Alî’s property on the island and has … transformed it into a museum. Several years ago, the Greek woman restored the … buildings at a cost of 1 million euros, he said. ¬ 1764 There is also a statue of Muhammad ‘Alî in a public square in Greece that … cannot be moved or leased, being a tourist attraction, said Nûr. ¬ 1765 Other properties previously belonging to Muhammad ‘Alî include the Naval … School, which overlooks the Aegean Sea, and a palace on the island of Thassos. ¬ 1766 There is also an immense building known as Imaret, that was used for providing … food to the poor until 1923. The Imaret, which is located not far from ‘Alî’s … house, was eventually transformed into a luxurious boutique hotel of the same … name. (“Delegation to discuss management of Egypt’s historic properties in ¬ 1767 Greece”, Egypt Independent, September 27, ¬ 1768 2016). ¬ 1769 - - ¬ 1770 ¬ 1771 While enthusiasts have spent years trying to understand the mystery of the … Egyptian pharaohs, the heritage of ancient Egypt still finds a way to … mesmerise us with new discoveries. Giant stone blocks were found in the area … of ‘Ayn Shams on Tuesday morning by an Egyptian-German archaeological team … that was digging there, according to Mahmûd ‘Afîfî, head of the Egyptian … Antiquities Sector in the Ministry of Antiquities. ¬ 1772 ¬ 1773 ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 120/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1774 ¬ 1775 The blocks indicate a high possibility of discovering a temple for King Ramses … II further beneath the ground where the team was digging. The rocks had carved … inscriptions, which the team believes feature the ancient king with his name … in the Pharaonic language as God Barr Ra Masso. ¬ 1776 “Relics with such inscriptions assure us that Ramses II had built a temple in … this area [Heliopolis],” said Ayman ‘Ashmâwî, head of the Egyptian delegation … in the team. “This also explains his deification in his final years as a ruler … in the area.” ¬ 1777 ¬ 1778 “We believe that these drawings were used as decorations in the temple’s … interior rooms,” said ‘Afîfî. ¬ 1779 Other than the rocks, the team also dug up a collection of houses and … workshops that go back to the Ptolemaic era. “We’re still digging in the area … and looking for more details about its history, so as to find out more about … people’s daily lives at that time, as well as the tools they were using,” said … Dietrich RAUE, the head of the German delegation in the team, adding that the … they also found pots, mascots, and home wares while digging. (Nada Deyaa’, … “Ancient relics indicate an undiscovered temple of Ramses II”, Daily News … Egypt, September 27, 2016). ¬ 1780 ¬ 1781 Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî embarked early this week on a tour of … Luxor in order to inspect recent work at the Karnak Temples, inaugurate a … number of archaeological sites, and attend the second round of the Thebes in … the First Millennium BCE Conference. ¬ 1782 al-‘Inânî started his tour with the inauguration of the Amun-Re Segmnaht … Temple, the 11th of the Karnak Temples. The temple dates to the reign of the … New Kingdom Pharaoh Ramses II, and its name means “Amun, listener of prayers.” ¬ 1783 “The temple was in a very bad state of conservation when work started three … months ago as it had not been restored since the 1970s,” Mustafa Wazîrî, … director of Luxor Antiquities told Al-Ahram Weekly. He said the restoration … work had included removing unsuitable materials used in restoration work … carried out in the last century and the use of better ones. Weak parts of the … sandstone blocks of the temple’s walls were consolidated, the upper part of a … colossal statue of Osiris found in the temple was restored, and the offering … table at the temple’s west gate was reinstalled. ¬ 1784 al-‘Inânî’s second stop was at the open-air museum where the barque shrine of … the Pharaoh Tuthmosis III had been reconstructed and restored by the Centre … Franco-Égyptien d’Étude des Temples de Karnak (CFEETK). Mahmûd ‘Afîfî, head of … the Ancient Egyptian Antiquities Department at the ministry, said the shrine … was reconstructed in 2010 by the CFEETK and the restoration work was completed … this year. He said the work had included the cleaning and conservation of the … shrine’s ceiling slab and lintel, found broken in many fragments and each … weighing 76 tons. ¬ 1785 Between 1914 and 1954, several fragments of the lintel and slab were found in … the filling of the Karnak Temple’s third pylon and in front of the ninth … pylon. However, in antiquity Tuthmosis III had built his limestone barque … shrine in front of the temple’s fourth pylon. ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 121/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1786 ¬ 1787 ¬ 1788 ¬ 1789 Restoration work of the ceiling slab Tuthmosis III shrine ¬ 1790 French Egyptologist Christophe THIERS, director of the CFEETK, described the … operation as “most delicate,” because it had been performed manually with the … aid of hydraulic jacks and temporary walls that had enabled the progressive … lifting of the ceiling slab on the top of the walls. The lintel and slab were … placed in their original locations on the shrine’s walls, and the shrine is … now ready to be opened to visitors. ¬ 1791 al-‘Inânî then visited the west bank of the Nile where he inaugurated the … Second Pillared Hall in the tomb of the 25th Dynasty official Karakhamun. The … opening was part of celebrations marking the 10th anniversary of the … Egyptian-American South ‘Asâsîf Conservation Project (SACP) begun in 2006 to … conserve and reconstruct ancient monuments in their original locations and … open them to visitors. ¬ 1792 Among the sites were the ruins of the Kushite tombs of Karabasken (TT391), … Karakhamun (TT223) and Irtieru (TT390). SACP director Elena PISCHIKOVA told … the Weekly that the tomb of Karakhamun was the most important reconstruction … undertaken by the project. The tomb’s ceiling had collapsed and its rooms and … remaining decoration had been buried beneath large chunks of fallen bedrock. ¬ 1793 ¬ 1794 Wall painting of Karakhamun tomb ¬ 1795 After clearing, the team had discovered the entrance staircase, vestibule, two … pillared halls, and the painted burial chamber of Karakhamun, as well as … around 35,000 fragments of the detached original decoration. The Second … Pillared Hall was found in poor condition in the tomb, with crumbling walls … and fallen decoration. Its reconstruction started in 2012 and lasted four … years. ¬ 1796 PISCHIKOVA said that in collaboration with a Ministry of Antiquities … conservation team, epigraphers from the SACP had been able to rebuild the two … doorframes of the entrance to the hall, four pilasters, four pillars, all the … walls, the false door, and the architrave. ¬ 1797 The reconstructed decoration includes 24 chapters from the Book of the Dead, … various Pyramid Texts, six offering scenes, and a false door with a statue of … Osiris. The central higher aisle, topped by two architraves, is a unique … feature, recreating a temple space in an elite tomb. ¬ 1798 “The beautiful carving of the ten images of Karakhamun creates an exclusive … gallery of early Kushite images of a tomb owner,” PISCHIKOVA said, adding that … the number of known decorated elite tombs from the 25th Dynasty was very … limited and each of them had unique features. ¬ 1799 PISCHIKOVA said that the reconstruction of the tomb of Karakhamun, one of the … first tombs of the Kushite Renaissance, was an important contribution to the … understanding of Egypt in the first millennium BCE and brought back to life a … beautiful example of ancient Egyptian art. The Second Pillared Hall of the … tomb, inaugurated by the minister, is the first fully reconstructed room in … the ruined Kushite tomb rediscovered by the SACP. (Nevine El-Aref, “Work … recognised in Luxor”, Al-Ahram Weekly, September 29, 2016. Voir également /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 122/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1799… ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Mise au jour de la chambre funéraire et du sarcophage du … maire de Thèbes », Sada al-Balad, 25 août ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le ministère … de l’Archéologie poursuit la restauration du temple d’Amon-Rê à Louqsor en vue … de son inauguration l’hiver prochain », Sada al-Balad, 29 août ; Dalia Farouk, … « Karabasken le nubien livre son sarcophage », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 7 septembre ; … MENA, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie inspecte les travaux de la mission … égypto-américaine pour la restauration d’une tombe sur la rive Ouest », … al-Shurûq, 25 septembre). ¬ 1800 ¬ 1801 ¬ 1802 The Egyptian-German Archaeological Mission at the Matariyya Archaeological … Site has stumbled upon new evidence that may lead to the discovery of a temple … of the New Kingdom Pharaoh Ramses II in the area. This temple could be located … about 450 metres to the west of the obelisk of Senusret I in the … Archaeological Site. ¬ 1803 Mahmûd ‘Afîfî, head of the Ancient Egyptian Antiquities Department at the … Ministry of Antiquities, told Al-Ahram Weekly that evidence of this temple had … appeared in spring 2016 when the mission had uncovered a number of blocks and … fragments of statuary on the western side of the obelisk and another group of … large blocks in the southern part of the area. ¬ 1804 ¬ 1805 The blocks, ‘Afîfî said, showed Ramses II anointing a divinity, with his name … rendered by the rare variant of “Paramessu”. The recent finds were part of the … decoration of the innermost rooms of the temple. ¬ 1806 Ayman ‘Ashmâwî, co-director of the mission, said that further groups of relief … fragments attested Ramses II as the builder of the temple. These confirmed the … hypothesis that Ramses II had showed special interest in Heliopolis in the … later decades of his reign of almost 70 years. ¬ 1807 Dietrich RAUE, co-director of the mission and curator of the Egyptian Museum … at the University of Leipzig in Germany, reported on the second area of … excavations in the southeast of the innermost enclosure of the temple. He said … houses and workshops from a mid-Ptolemaic stratum had been uncovered, as well … as faience amulets and metal tools. ¬ 1808 Further excavations are being carried out to find out more about the probable … temple. (Nevine El-Aref, “New Ramses II temple?”, Al-Ahram Weekly, September … 29, 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie annonce … des découvertes archéologiques à Matariyya datant du règne de Ramsès II », … al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 27 septembre ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « Nouveaux indices sur … l’existence d’un temple de Ramsès II à ‘Ayn Shams », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 27 … septembre ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Nouvelles découvertes archéologiques relatives … à Ramsès II à Matariyya », Sada al-Balad, 27 septembre ; Nevine El-Aref, “New … discovery in Matariyya points to a King Ramses II temple”, Ahram Online, … September 27 ; « Ramsès II se dévoile petit à petit », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 5 … octobre). ¬ 1809 ¬ 1810 The logo of the programme ¬ 1811 Beginning October 20, Egyptian audiences will be treated to a new programme on … Egyptian archaeology hosted by former minister of antiquities Zâhî Hawwâs, /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 123/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1811… titled "Kâshif al.thrâr" (Revealer of Secrets). In collaboration with renowned … Egyptologists, the programme will launch on Egyptian satellite channel … al-Ghad. ¬ 1812 At a press conference held on Wednesday at a luxurious hotel on the banks of … the Nile in Cairo, ‘Abd al-Latîf al-Manawî, head of al-Ghad channel, told … attendees that the programme will broadcast first to the Arab region, before … being launched abroad. ¬ 1813 al-Manawî describes the programme as an effort to raise cultural awareness in … Egypt, as well as promote the country abroad, encouraging tourism by … displaying its distinguished heritage and the customs and traditions of … ancient Egyptians — industry, fashion, and cultivation systems, to name a few. ¬ 1814 ¬ 1815 ¬ 1816 Hawwâs tells Ahram Online that the idea of the programme is to link several … topics from ancient Egyptian civilisation to the present time, showing the … evolution of cultural practices. For example, he continues, if an episode … covers customs of fashion and jewellery, the first segment will show how the … ancient Egyptians dressed while the second gives insight into the world of … contemporary Egyptian fashion, with input from well-known Egyptian designers. ¬ 1817 “I’ve had the idea for such a programme in mind for many years, but due to the … high budget required, I kept the idea dormant,” Hawwâs says, adding that in … 2007 the required budget for such a programme was EGP 11 million. Ultimately … al-Manawî was the only producer able to bring the dream to life on almost half … the budget. ¬ 1818 Eight episodes have been shot so far, by the talented Italian director Sandro … VANINI, with more to come. “The first episode of the programme is to be on the … treasure of the boy king Tutankhamun,” he says, while another explores the … identities of figures like the Exodus pharaoh, Abraham and Joseph. ¬ 1819 If the programme is well received, Hawwâs says he’d like to expand it, … producing a second, third and fourth part on the Coptic and Islamic … civilisations as well as the civilisations of other Arab countries such as … Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Syria, and Jordan. ¬ 1820 There’s a lot here for audiences to discover. For example, Hawwâs notes, … Madaan Saleh area is a very important archaeological site in the desert of the … Saudi Arabia, which most people know very little about. Wednesday's press … conference was attended by a number of renowned archaeologists, writers and … journalists such as writers Salâh Muntasir and ‘Abbâs al-Tarabîlî as well as … poet Muhammad Baghdâdî. (Nevine El-Aref, “'Revealer of Secrets': Zâhî Hawwâs’s … new TV show on archaeology to launch in October”, Ahram Online, September 29, … 2016). ¬ 1821 -¬ 1822 -¬ 1823 ¬ 1824 ¬ 1825 ¬ 1826 IV – OCTOBRE 2016 ¬ 1827 ¬ 1828 ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 124/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1829 ¬ 1830 From left Tawfîq, al-‘Inânî, Director of Tokoyo National Museum, ¬ 1831 during the MOC signing ceremony ¬ 1832 ¬ 1833 During his visit to Japan to inaugurate the Pyramid Builders exhibition in its … fifth round, Egyptian Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî witnessed the … signing of a memorandum of cooperation (MOC) between the Tokyo National Museum … and the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM). ¬ 1834 al-‘Inânî said that this is the first MOC between the Tokyo National Museum … and a non-Asian museum or association, a fact that highlights the keenness of … Japan to support Egypt in the archaeological field and the completion of its … GEM mega project. ¬ 1835 GEM supervisor-general Târiq Tawfîq told Ahram Online that according to the … MOC, several facets of cooperation are to be implemented, including the … exchange of experts in museology and restoration as well as organising … archaeological conferences, scientific seminars and permanent exhibitions. … (Nevine El-Aref, “GEM and Tokyo National Museum sign memorandum of … cooperation”, Ahram Online, October 2, 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le … ministre de l’Archéologie examine à Tokyo les moyens de coopération avec le … Japon », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 29 septembre ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « Examen des moyens de … renforcer la coopération bilatérale entre l’Égypte et le Japon », al-Ahrâm … al-‘Arabî, 29 septembre ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie … examine avec des responsables japonais l’avenir de la coopération bilatérale … », Sada al-Balad, 29 septembre ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Coopération bilatérale … entre le GEM et le Musée national de ¬ 1836 1er¬ 1837 Tokyo », Sada al-Balad, octobre ; Muhammad ‘Abd al-Mu‘tî, « Protocole de … coopération entre le GEM et le Musée national de Tokyo », al-Ahrâm, 2 … octobre). ¬ 1838 ¬ 1839 ¬ 1840 The roof of Salâh al-Dîn fortress in Tâbâ ¬ 1841 The Ministry of Antiquities submitted Wednesday a preliminary report to the … World Heritage Committee (WHC) to register Pharaoh’s Island near in Tâbâ in … Sinai on the UNESCO’s World Heritage List. A final report is scheduled to be … submitted in February 2017. ¬ 1842 Yâsmîn al-Shâzlî, supervisor of the ministry’s department for international … cultural heritage organisations, said Pharaoh’s Island is a very important … archaeological site with universal cultural value. Pharaoh’s Island includes … of a fortress built by the Ayyubid Prince Salâh al-Dîn to protect the Islamic … Empire from the Crusades. ¬ 1843 ¬ 1844 ¬ 1845 ¬ 1846 submitted to the WHC in order to list other Egyptian sites, like Alexandria’s … Kom al-Dikka, Roman Theatre, the Pompey Pillar, and underwater antiquities, as … well as Ptolemaic temples of Dandara, Kom Umbû and Idfû, on the WHC’s list. … (Nevine El-Aref, “Egypt wants Pharaoh Island in Tâbâ registered on World /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 125/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1846… Heritage List”, Ahram Online, October 5, 2016. Voir également Jacqueline … Munîr, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie : Nous avons soumis le dossier de Tâbâ à … l’Unesco afin qu’il soit classé », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 31 octobre). ¬ 1847 ¬ 1848 ¬ 1849 The different rooms of the newly inaugurated museum commemorating Gamâl ‘Abd … al-Nâsir life and death ¬ 1850 In the Cairo district of Manshiyyat al-Bakrî stands the two-storey residence … of the late Egyptian president Gamâl ‘Abd al-Nâsir, now welcoming visitors in … its new guise as the Gamâl ‘Abd al-Nâsir Museum after its inauguration by … President ‘Abd al-Fattâh al-Sîsî and Minister of Culture Hilmî al-Namnam last … week. ¬ 1851 Millions of Egyptians thronged the nearby boulevard on 1 October 1970 to mourn … the passing of Nâsir, and the crowds were again out in force to see the … opening of the new museum last week. After five years of restoration and … development, the building now houses displays telling the story of one of … Egypt’s most important political leaders and his military and revolutionary … struggle to make the Pan-Arab dream a reality. ¬ 1852 The museum records the details of a very important part of Egypt’s modern … history and one full of major events in every Egyptian’s life. The decision to … convert the house into the museum had been delayed since Nâsir’s death as his … wife Tahiyya Halîm lived in it until her death in 1990. The house was then … turned into offices for employees of the presidency until 2008, when a … presidential decree was issued to convert the house into the Gamâl ‘Abd … al-Nâsir Museum. ¬ 1853 However, the memory of Nâsir did not fall into oblivion during this period, … and he has remained an iconic figure in Egypt and the Arab world. He has never … lost his popularity or the love felt towards him in the hearts of Egyptians … and Arabs. ¬ 1854 He played an important political and revolutionary role that took off when he … became Egypt’s president at a crucial time following the 1952 Revolution when … massive changes were occurring on the political and social levels. The walls … of the house in Manshiyyat al-Bakrî witnessed Nâsir’s family life, his … relations with friends, and official visits by foreign presidents and … political leaders. ¬ 1855 He lived in the house with his wife and children in a life that resembled that … of any other Egyptian family, but every corner of the house can relate the … story of a special event concerning the fate of the Arab nation. Visiting the … house, it is possible to sense Nâsir’s joyful feelings when declaring Egypt’s … union with Syria in 1958 and his anxiety mixed with pride during the … Tripartite Aggression launched by France, Britain and Israel after the … nationalisation of the Suez Canal Company in 1956. ¬ 1856 The Ministry of Culture has now been able to make the walls of the house talk … by converting it into the new museum. Khâlid Surûr, head of the Fine Arts … Section at the ministry, told Al-Ahram Weekly that the house was a state … property that had been passed to Nâsir’s family after his death in 1970 and … then taken back under state control after the death of his wife in 1990. ¬ 1857 Despite the issuing of a presidential decree to convert the house into a /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 126/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1857… museum in 2008, work was slow, Surûr said, and Nâsir’s personal belongings … were put on display in a small room in the Egyptian National Library and … Archives. These have now been transferred to the new museum. ¬ 1858 Work was speeded up in 2011, but few concrete steps were taken until 2014. … Today, the house has been opened to the public. Karîm al-Shâbûrî, a project … consultant, said the new museum consisted of a 1,300 square metre two-storey … building with a large garden and three distinct visitor itineraries. The first … consists of the house itself and its different rooms and contents, including … Nâsir’s office, living room and bedroom suite on the upper floor. ¬ 1859 ¬ 1860 ¬ 1861 ¬ 1862 The second is a historical itinerary that reviews the most important events … connected to Nâsir starting with the 1952 Revolution and leading through the … nationalisation of the Suez Canal Company, the Tripartite Aggression, the … union with Syria, the 1967 War, the War of Attrition and other historical … events until his death in 1970. ¬ 1863 The third displays Nâsir’s personal belongings and souvenirs given by heads of … state, private individuals and institutions. ¬ 1864 Muhammad al-Tawîl, head of the Technical Office of the Fine Arts Section at … the ministry, said that among the gifts was a piece of the covering of the … Ka‘ba in Mecca and a dagger decorated with precious stones given to Nâsir by … the late Saudi king Faysal bin ‘Abd al-‘Azîz. ¬ 1865 Nâsir’s personal camera that he used on family occasions is among the … displayed objects, as are some of his clothes, glasses and silver cigarette … boxes. A large collection of his private books and papers in his own … handwritings is also on show. ¬ 1866 These papers, al-Tawîl said, include notes for some of Nâsir’s legendary … speeches written between 1952 and 1970. There is a draft of a speech Nâsir … wrote when he was just 17 years old when he was involved in demonstrations and … was expelled from school in Cairo for his political activities. ¬ 1867 Among the papers are decisions of the Revolutionary Command Council that took … power after the 1952 Revolution and ordered the confiscation of the wealth of … the former ruling Muhammad ‘Alî family. They include Nâsir’s diary and … recommendations from Arab and African summits held during his time in office … and the minutes of ministerial meetings. ¬ 1868 A statue of Nâsir by the prominent Egyptian artist Gamâl al-Sagînî is also on … show, as are rare multimedia records of Nâsir’s speeches and audio-visual … materials documenting the life of Nâsir and the history of the period. (Nevine … El-Aref, “Nâsir Museum opens”, Al-Ahram Weekly, October 6, 2016. Voir … également Nasma Réda, « ‘Abd al-Nâsir honoré chez lui », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 5 … octobre). ¬ 1869 ¬ 1870 The mask upon arrival in its box ¬ 1871 Due to his “sense of belonging and loyalty to his home country, Egypt,” Shihâb … al-Fârûq ‘Umar, a French-Egyptian citizen, handed over to the Ministry of … Antiquities a golden mummy mask that was gifted to him by a friend on the … birthday of his son. ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 127/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1872 Sha‘bân ‘Abd al-Gawwâd, the general supervisor of the antiquities repatriation … department at the ministry described the action as a symbol of patriotism and … good will, calling on others in possession of stolen artefacts to imitate … al-Fârûq and protect and preserve Egypt’s cultural and archaeological … heritage. ¬ 1873 ‘Abd al-Gawwâd told Ahram Online that the mask is now at the Egyptian Museum … in Tahrîr Square in order to be examined and its authenticity approved. Until … now, he said, the mask’s dating has not been identified. (Nevine El-Aref, … “Antiquities ministry receives golden mummy mask from French-Egyptian … citizen”, Ahram Online, October 6, 2016. Voir également ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Un … citoyen remet au Musée Égyptien un masque antique », Sada al-Balad, 6 octobre … ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Un citoyen remet au Musée Égyptien un masque antique », … al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 6 octobre). ¬ 1874 ¬ 1875 ¬ 1876 ¬ 1877 ¬ 1878 La présidente du secteur des musées, Ilhâm Salâh al-Dîn, a annoncé que le … comité des expositions a approuvé la tenue d’une exposition archéologique … égyptienne en Chine, afin de renforcer les relations entre les deux pays. … Cette exposition de 15 mois, regroupera 70 pièces pharaoniques. Elle sera … lancée en 2017 sous le titre de « L’amour dans l’Égypte ancienne ». ¬ 1879 Cette exposition rapportera à l’Égypte un million de dollars, en plus de 5 % … sur les billets d’entrée à partir de 500 000 visiteurs. Le ministère de … l’Archéologie touchera également 10 % sur la vente des produits dérivés : … répliques archéologiques, catalogue d’exposition, ouvrages, accessoires, etc. … (Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie approuve la tenue d’une … exposition en Chine », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 7 octobre 2016). ¬ 1880 ¬ 1881 All archaeological museums in Egypt will be open to visitors free of charge on … 22 October as part of the Ministry of Antiquities’ celebration of 150 years of … Egyptian parliamentary life. “Making visits [to museums] free of charge is one … of the ministry’s steps towards raising the people’s cultural and … archaeological awareness,” Mustafa Amîn, secretary-general of the Supreme … Council of Antiquities said. ¬ 1882 Amîn also announced that the parliament building is listed on the country’s … heritage list as an Islamic monument in accordance with ministerial decree … 1237 of 1986. (Nevine El-Aref, “Egyptian museums open free of charge to mark … 150 years of parliamentary life”, Ahram Online, October 9, 2016. Voir … également Ahmad Mansûr, « Accès gratuit aux musées le 22 octobre pour célébrer … les 150 années de vie parlementaire en Égypte », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 21 … septembre ; MENA, « Gratuité des musées le 22 octobre pour célébrer les 150 … années de vie parlementaire en Égypte », al-Shurûq, 9 octobre ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « … Accès gratuit à tous les musées égyptiens le 22 octobre », al-Ahrâm al.‘Arabî, … 9 octobre). ¬ 1883 ¬ 1884 The Centre franco-égyptien d’étude des temples de Karnak (CFEETK) has finally … completed the restoration work on the barque shrine of King Tuthmosis III, /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 128/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1884… which was reconstructed in 2010 at the Open Air Museum of Karnak Temple. ¬ 1885 Mahmûd ‘Afîfî, the head of the ancient Egyptian Antiquities Section at the … Ministry of Antiquities said that after its reconstruction in 2010, the most … delicate operation was then conducted which aimed to replace the fragments of … the ceiling slab and of a lintel, which were broken in many fragments. ¬ 1886 French Egyptologist Christophe THIERS, director of the CFEETK, said that this … operation, performed manually with the aid of hydraulic jacks and temporary … walls has enabled the progressive lifting of the ceiling slab, which weighs 76 … tons, on the top of the walls. ¬ 1887 The slab was then moved laterally on the walls and has regained its original … location. The latest work of cleaning and conservation has been completed — … the bark shrine of Tuthmosis III is now ready to be opened for visitors at the … Open Air Museum of Karnak. ¬ 1888 In antiquity, this limestone barque shrine was built by Tuthmosis III in front … of the fourth pylon. Subsequently, another barque shrine of Tuthmosis IV was … built against the one of Tuthmosis III. Between 1914 and 1954, several … fragments were found in the filling of the third pylon and in front of the … ninth pylon. (Nevine El-Aref, “Tuthmosis III shrine in Karnak temple ready to … open after restoration”, Ahram Online, October 10, 2016. Voir également Hiba … ‘Âdil, « Achèvement de la restauration de la chapelle de Thoutmosis III », … al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 10 octobre ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Achèvement de la … restauration de la chapelle de Thoutmosis III », Sada al-Balad, 10 octobre ; … Dalia Farouq, « La chapelle de Thoutmosis III retrouve sa splendeur », … Al-Ahram Hebdo du 26 octobre). ¬ 1889 ¬ 1890 ¬ 1891 Le ministre de l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al.‘Inânî, a nommé Dr Muhammad ‘Abd … al-Hamîd Muhammad Rashâd au poste de directeur général de la zone … archéologique Est du Caire, en remplacement de l’archéologue ‘Imâd ‘Uthmân. … Celui-ci a été muté suite aux infractions commises dans le Palais du baron … Empain. Infractions niées par l’intéressé. (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le nouveau … directeur général de la zone archéologique Est du Caire entre en fonction », … Sada al-Balad, 10 octobre 2016). ¬ 1892 Le président du département des antiquités islamiques et coptes, Sa‘îd Hilmî, … a confirmé la signature d’un contrat entre le ministère de l’Archéologie et … une compagnie de sécurité privée, afin de sécuriser la rue al-Mu‘izz li-Dîn … Allah. La compagnie a commencé effectivement son travail depuis hier. Elle est … chargée de sécuriser les entrées et les sorties de la rue al-Mu‘izz, afin de … prévenir toute infraction. Des inspecteurs du ministère de l’Archéologie vont … superviser le travail des agents de sécurité privée. (Ahmad Mansûr, « Le … ministère de l’Archéologie fait appel à une compagnie de sécurité privée pour … sécuriser la rue al.Mu‘izz », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 10 octobre 2016. Voir … également ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Une compagnie de sécurité privée pour sécuriser … la rue al-Mu‘izz », Sada al-Balad, 10 octobre). ¬ 1893 ¬ 1894 Le secrétaire général du Conseil Suprême des Antiquités, Dr Mustafa Amîn, a … nommé l’archéologue Sa‘îd Shibl au poste de président de l’administration … centrale des entrepôts muséologiques. (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Shibl nommé /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 129/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1894… président de l’administration centrale des entrepôts muséologiques », Sada … al-Balad, 10 octobre 2016). ¬ 1895 ¬ 1896 ¬ 1897 L’infanterie, la pièce sélectionnée par les visiteurs de la page officielle du … ministère. (Photo : Ministère des Antiquités égyptiennes) ¬ 1898 Le Musée Égyptien dédie son mois d’octobre à l’évolution de l’armée égyptienne … à travers les temps. Neuf pièces appartenant à différentes périodes, ainsi que … des pièces de monnaies occupent l’entrée du musée. Cette exposition temporaire … retrace une grande période de l’histoire de l’Égypte qui s’étend de la XIe … dynastie jusqu’à l’époque gréco-romaine. ¬ 1899 Néanmoins, l’histoire de l’armée égyptienne démarre bien plus tôt. « Le Musée … Égyptien possède des pièces appartenant à l’Ancien Empire, mais les pièces … présentées aujourd’hui ont également été sélectionnées pour leur légèreté et … pour faciliter leur transport », explique Sabâh ‘Abd al-Râziq, directrice … générale du Musée Égyptien et organisatrice de l’événement La Pièce du mois. … Elle a saisi l’occasion de la commémoration de la victoire du 6 Octobre 1973 … pour faire un focus historique sur le rôle de l’armée dans l’Égypte ancienne. … L’exposition réunit des statues de certains commandants, des armes et des … scènes de victoire gravées, peintes ou frappées sur des monnaies qui retracent … des moments délicats et des étapes cruciales de l’histoire militaire … égyptienne. ¬ 1900 La première œuvre que rencontre le visiteur est une maquette représentant des … soldats de l’infanterie égyptienne, équipés de lances et de boucliers qui … remontent à la XIe dynastie. Cette maquette en bois a été dégagée de la tombe … du prince Mesehti, gouverneur du 13e nome, celui d’Asyût, et porteur des … sceaux du roi. Le prince avait une puissance politique incontournable à … l’époque et avait besoin d’une armée forte pour protéger ses intérêts. Sa … tombe comprend plusieurs œuvres représentatives de l’armée égyptienne. ¬ 1901 ¬ 1902 ¬ 1903 « J’ai également sélectionné une belle statue de grès colorée du commandant … thébain Antef, appartenant au règne du roi Montouhotep II, XIe dynastie là … aussi. Ce général était d’une grande importance puisqu’il a réunifié la Basse … et la Haute-Égypte », explique la directrice. La statue d’Antef a été … découverte à Louqsor. Ces deux premières œuvres, bien qu’elles soient de la … même dynastie, qui a duré 143 ans, représentent deux étapes charnières de … l’histoire de l’Égypte : la réunification du pays et sa stabilisation après sa … répartition en plusieurs nomes. ¬ 1904 Sous l’Ancien et le Moyen Empire, l’État égyptien cherchait l’unification, la … stabilité et la prospérité internes, et certainement, la protection de ses … frontières. Mais les ambitions des souverains égyptiens de former un grand … empire sont apparues plus tard avec l’arrivée du roi Thoutmosis III de la … XVIIIe dynastie. Après l’invasion des Hyksos et leur expulsion par le roi … Ahmosis Ier, qui les a pourchassés, ses successeurs se sont rendu compte que … l’édification de forts et la mise en place de garnisons de protection sur les … frontières ne suffisaient pas et qu’il fallait conquérir des territoires … ennemis. Cette politique a commencé avec les rois Amenhotep Ier et Thoutmosis /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 130/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1904… II et a été renforcée sous Thoutmosis III qui a organisé des campagnes … militaires au nord-est, visant la Grande Syrie, et au sud la Nubie. Parmi les … pièces exposées pour retracer la vie militaire égyptienne se trouve une statue … en albâtre représentant le roi Thoutmosis III dont les campagnes militaires … ont duré une quarantaine d’années. ¬ 1905 La XVIIIe dynastie est considérée comme une période essentielle de l’histoire … de l’Égypte ancienne. Cinq pièces sur les neuf sélectionnées appartiennent à … cette dynastie. Après la formation de l’Empire égyptien par Thoutmosis III et … sa consolidation, il y eut une révolution religieuse qui a apporté au pouvoir … l’enfant-roi Toutankhamon. Sa tombe découverte intacte était un réel trésor … militaire. Ce trésor comporte un bouclier en bois doré qui fait partie de la … sélection des pièces du mois d’octobre. Ce bouclier est orné d’une scène … montrant le souverain tenant, dans sa main gauche, les queues de deux lions … alors qu’il porte dans sa main droite une épée courbée de bronze. ¬ 1906 « Cette scène représente la force du souverain et son monopole sur ses … ennemis, symbolisés par les deux queues de lions », explique l’égyptologue … Layla ‘Abd al-Qâdir du Musée Égyptien. L’épée courbée, remarquée dans cette … scène est aussi exposée à l’entrée du Musée Égyptien. Le règne de l’enfant-roi … a vu la parution des généraux militaires, comme le commandant général Nakhtmin … dont la double statue de calcaire le représentant lui et son épouse est … exposée également dans la sélection du musée. Nakhtmin est devenu l’héritier … du trône sous le règne du roi Aye. ¬ 1907 La tête de celui-ci est également présentée pour rappeler l’importance de ce … commandant et de ses généraux militaires. La bonne organisation militaire a … facilité la fondation de la XIXe dynastie, celle des grands conquérants, … fondée par Ramsès Ier qui était à la tête de l’armée égyptienne. Connue pour … ses guerriers ¬ 1908 Ier¬ 1909 légendaires, comme Séthi et le grand conquérant Ramsès II, la XIXe dynastie … est aussi connue pour la bravoure des Ramessides. ¬ 1910 Cette bravoure est décrite sur deux scènes qui ornent deux ostraca : le … premier décrit Ramsès IV sur un chariot pourchassant ses ennemis, alors que le … second représente Ramsès IX tenant deux captifs devant la divinité Amon. « … Hormis la bravoure, ces deux scènes reflètent l’habileté équestre des … conquérants, ainsi que l’évolution des équipements et des armes militaires de … l’époque », reprend ‘Abd al-Râziq. Pour elle, l’évolution de l’armée … égyptienne a continué à l’époque gréco-romaine. ¬ 1911 L’égyptologue a choisi pour l’exposition trois pièces de monnaie dont l’une en … or est frappée d’une image de victoire de l’armée égyptienne. Les neuf œuvres … et les trois pièces de monnaie mettent en évidence des événements et des … personnages, peu connus du grand public, certes, mais dont le rôle a été d’une … importance cruciale dans l’histoire de l’Égypte. (Doaa Elhami, « Les … militaires de l’antiquité », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 12 octobre 2016. Voir également … ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le Musée Égyptien choisit entre 9 pièces militaires à … exposer à l’occasion de la victoire d’octobre 1973 », Sada al-Balad, 26 … septembre ; Muhammad ‘Abd al-Mu‘tî, « Le Musée Égyptien célèbre les victoires … d’Octobre », al-Ahrâm, 27 septembre ; Ahmad Ibrâhîm, « Les archers nubiens … élus Piece of the Month au Musée Égyptien », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 4 octobre). ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 131/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1912 ¬ 1913 ¬ 1914 A delegation from the Japanese Parliament led by member Kazunori TANAKA … visited today the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) and the Gîza Plateau. The … delegation is on a trip to Egypt to participate in the country’s celebration … of 150 years of parliamentary life. TANAKA and the delegation were accompanied … by Japanese Ambassador to Egypt Takehiro KAGAWA. ¬ 1915 Guided by General Supervisor of the GEM Târiq Tawfîq, the delegation toured … the museum’s wooden artefact laboratory, as well as a number of the … Tutankhamun collection exhibits transported to the GEM for restoration. The … delegation described the Egyptian restoration technicians as “skilful.” ¬ 1916 Tawfîq also led the delegation on a tour of the GEM’s construction work and … explained the museum’s different construction phases, which began in 2002. ¬ 1917 TANAKA and the delegation later toured the Gîza plateau, where they visited … Khufu’s Pyramid and the Sphinx. (Nevine El-Aref, “Japanese Parliament … delegation visits the GEM”, Ahram Online, October 12, 2016. Voir également … Ahmad Mansûr, « Une délégation japonaise inspecte les travaux de restauration … de la deuxième barque de Chéops », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 12 octobre ; ‘Alâ’ … al-Minyâwî, « Une délégation japonaise visite la deuxième barque de Chéops », … Sada al-Balad, 12 octobre). ¬ 1918 ¬ 1919 Le phare EIFFEL de Râs Ghârib, ville côtière de la mer Rouge, a été récemment … inscrit sur la liste du secteur des monuments islamiques du ministère des … Antiquités. Construit en 1871, deux ans après l’inauguration du Canal de Suez, … le phare tripode est considéré comme l’un des plus anciens phares du monde. … Sous l’ordre du khédive Ismâ‘îl, le célèbre ingénieur et industriel français … Alexandre Gustave EIFFEL, qui a notamment signé la construction de la Tour … EIFFEL à Paris, et participé à celle de la statue de la Liberté à New York et … du pont métallique d’Abû al-‘Ilâ du Caire, a fondé ce phare afin de guider les … navires au large du golfe de Suez. ¬ 1920 Haut de 50 m, le phare de Râs Ghârib est construit en fer, il est formé d’une … base cylindrique où se trouve la chambre de surveillance et un escalier … spiralé qui mène à une lanterne au sommet. Les marins pouvaient le voir à une … distance dépassant les 30 000 nautiques. En dépit de son importance … historique, le phare est maintenant en mauvais état, ce qui incite les … habitants de Râs Ghârib à lancer une campagne dont le slogan est « Notre phare … est en danger », afin de le sauver de l’érosion. Le phare EIFFEL a été … abandonné en 1987, après la construction d’un nouveau pour le remplacer. ¬ 1921 Situé sur un promontoire de la ville Râs Ghârib, à environ 160 km au sud de la … ville du Suez, « le phare était équipé de dispositifs pour contacter les … navires et recevoir des SOS. Il envoie 4 faisceaux de lumière toutes les 30 … secondes », déclare al-Sa‘îd Hilmî, chef du département des monuments … islamiques et coptes. ¬ 1922 Selon le directeur de la région archéologique de la mer Rouge et président du … comité chargé d’étudier l’état du site, Muhammad Abû al-Wafâ, « le phare a … joué un rôle important dans la protection des plateformes pétrolières pendant … la guerre de 1967, les avions israéliens ne pouvaient pas les frapper parce … qu’ils étaient trop près du phare ». Selon Abû al-Wafâ, l’idée de classer le /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 132/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1922… phare EIFFEL sur la liste du patrimoine égyptien islamique n’est pas récente. … « Avec la richesse archéologique de la région, qui comprend les anciens … monastères d’anba Antoine et anba Pola qui remontent au IVe siècle, sont … venues l’inscription de ce phare patrimoine égyptien islamique et l’idée de la … construction d’un musée pour valoriser la ville et la transformer en une … attraction touristique », assure-t-il. ¬ 1923 À noter que c’est le khédive Ismâ‘îl qui a réfléchi à construire des phares … pour revigorer le commerce en Égypte. Lors de son règne, il a ordonné la … construction d’une quinzaine de phares. Seuls deux métalliques, celui de Râs … Ghârib (mer Rouge) et l’autre à al-Burullus (mer Méditerranée) ont survécu. « … Ces deux phares en fer sont rongés par la rouille. Leurs feux ne fonctionnent … plus depuis 1987, pour le premier, et 1992 pour le second », conclut Hilmî. … (Nasma Réda, « Le phare EIFFEL, déclaré patrimoine national », Al-Ahram Hebdo … du 12 octobre 2016). ¬ 1924 ¬ 1925 ¬ 1926 ¬ 1927 To the west of Banî Swayf lies the Dishâsha Cemetery with its rock-hewn tombs … of Ancient Egyptian Old Kingdom officials cut into a cliff above the desert … plain. The site was investigated in 1897 by British Egyptologist Flinders … PETRIE, who discovered several tombs from the Fifth Dynasty as well as others … from the 18th Dynasty. ¬ 1928 Egyptologist Nagîb Qanawâtî later worked at the site for 15 years early in the … 20th century. Among the best-preserved tombs at the site today are those … belonging to the bartender Inty and the supervisor of the royal palace garden … Shedu. ¬ 1929 ¬ 1930 Inty’s Tomb ¬ 1931 ‘Umar Zakî, director of Banî Swayf antiquities, told Al-Ahram Weekly that … Inty’s Tomb included two main halls, the first having three pillars and … painted walls depicting the deceased in different positions with his family … and deities as well as in hunting, cultivation and artisanal scenes including … woodworking. ¬ 1932 The second hall is perpendicular to the first and does not have any paintings … or engravings. The burial shaft is eight meters below ground level. “There is … a rare relief depicting a group of Egyptian military lancers invading a … fortified town in Asia on one of the Inty tomb’s walls,” Zakî said, adding … that according to the hieroglyphic text on the wall the town was in southern … Palestine. Further studies might reveal its name, he said. ¬ 1933 The tomb of Shedu is similar to that of Inty but contains an important relief … of two bulls fighting one another. The Ministry of Antiquities in … collaboration with the Banî Swayf governorate is now developing the Dishâsha … site in order to make it more tourist friendly and to open it to visitors. ¬ 1934 “Both tombs are in very good condition and do not need any restoration work,” … Zakî said, adding that the road leading to the necropolis was well paved and … accessible to visitors. He said that in order to make the site more tourist … friendly it only needed signboards, a lighting system, and a ticket kiosk. ¬ 1935 The funerary collections from the tombs are now on display at the Petrie /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 133/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1935… Museum in London. They include two well-preserved linen garments as well as … pottery. ¬ 1936 In the tomb chapel of the ancient mayor of Dishasha, Nenkheftkha, neighboring … the Inty tomb, an Old Kingdom statue of the tomb owner was also found and is … now in the British Museum in London. The statue, carved in limestone, shows … Nenkheftkha standing with his left leg forward and his arms at his sides. He … is wearing a short kilt and a black wig on his head. ¬ 1937 ¬ 1938 The pair statue of Nenkheftkha and his wife ¬ 1939 A statue of Nenkheftkha in a similar position with his wife Nefer-shemes … standing with her feet together and wearing a close.fitting robe, necklace and … a long wig was also found in his tomb, and this is now exhibited in the museum … of the Oriental Institute of Chicago in the US. Each statue was carved … separately and altered prior to burial to fit into a shared base. ¬ 1940 The Gabal al-Nûr site in south Banî Swayf is also under development. … Egyptologist Râbi‘a ‘Îsa told the Weekly that the area included the remains of … a limestone temple from the reign of Ptolemy II and a residential area. ¬ 1941 ¬ 1942 ¬ 1943 The remains of the temple were uncovered in 2014 and highlight the history of … Ptolemy II’s rule, which reigned over the country for 36 years. The external … walls of the temple’s eastern side are decorated with scenes depicting Ptolemy … II in various positions before the Nile god Hapy, while other walls bear … hieroglyphic texts that shows Gabal al-Nûr’s ancient name of “Isis, lady of … the Mirouwat.” ¬ 1944 “This means that the temple was built on the ruins of an even older ancient … Egyptian temple,” ‘Îsa said. He added that in 2016, the hall of the temple had … been uncovered along with a large tomb. To the west, the foundation of the … temple kiosk had been found decorated with ancient Greek texts. ¬ 1945 These show that the architecture of the temple was influenced by that of the … Late Period and the later Roman Empire, with Roman rulers making their own … additions to the temple. ¬ 1946 “This shows that the temple was used in the Roman period,” ‘Îsa said, adding … that a residential settlement from the Byzantine era had also been found … beside the temple, showing its continued use in the Byzantine period. ¬ 1947 Mud brick foundations have been unearthed, as well as the remains of walls and … halls. A collection of rounded ovens has been found filled with ashes. “These … items have been restored, and the mission team is documenting them,” ‘Îsa … said, adding that further excavations would be conducted in December to reveal … more of the temple’s secrets. ¬ 1948 Early this week Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî visited both sites … and gave the go.ahead for their development. He also visited the Ramses II … temple in Ihnâsyâ, where he inspected a project for decreasing the … subterranean level. ¬ 1949 Ihnâsyâ houses a number of tombs and temples from the Middle Kingdom to the … Roman period. Among the most important is a temple dedicated to the local … ram-headed god of fertility Herishef, whose name means “he who is upon his … lake.” ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 134/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1950 The Ramses II temple was founded in the Middle Kingdom but was enlarged during … the 19th Dynasty with major additions being made during the reign of Ramses … II. It consists of a forecourt with side chambers and a colossal statue of … Ramses II in front of the columns. ¬ 1951 Beyond it, there is an entrance hall with a double row of eight palm-columns. … Behind it, a hall with six pillars leads to the inner chambers where the … temple is found. There are many column bases and fine reliefs scattered across … the site. (Nevine El-Aref, “Banî Swayf tombs to open”, Al-Ahram Weekly, … October 13, 2016). ¬ 1952 Fond of the picturesque scenery of the al-Qurna Village on the west bank of … the Nile at Luxor, Spanish artist Gogi OLASO has painted a collection of 64 … paintings showing different aspects of the village including beautifully … decorated house facades and cultivation and hunting scenes. ¬ 1953 Ilhâm Salâh, head of the Museums Department at the Ministry of Antiquities, … told Al-Ahram Weekly that the daily lives of the inhabitants of the village … could be viewed in the paintings along with family and official ceremonies. ¬ 1954 The exhibition was previously on show at the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr Square … in Cairo, and it has been viewed in Spain and other European countries. The … current show in Luxor ¬ 1955 will last “Paintings October 13, 2016). for on one month. display”, A … (Nevine l-Ahram El-Aref, Weekly, ¬ 1956 - - ¬ 1957 ¬ 1958 ¬ 1959 Egypt’s Ministry of Antiquities signed a memorandum of understanding with the … Aga Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC) last week that is intended to broaden … institutional engagements through joint ventures and exchange programmes in … the field of museums and archaeology. ¬ 1960 The memorandum, signed in Cairo’s al-Azhar Park, aims at mapping out areas of … common interest for potential collaboration. According to the memorandum, both … sides are to launch a series of joint initiatives that will engage a … constituency composed of museum and conservation specialists, scholars and the … general public. ¬ 1961 ¬ 1962 ¬ 1963 Secretary-General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA) Mustafa Amîn … said that the memorandum aimed to develop joint ventures in the fields of … conservation, museum programmes, archaeological research and exhibitions. ¬ 1964 Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Azîz, director-general of Historic Cairo Rehabilitation … Project (HCRP), told Al-Ahram Weekly that among the most important articles of … the memorandum was collaboration between the Ministry of Antiquities and the … Aga Khan Museum in Toronto, Canada, in exchanging professional staff and works … of art on a loan basis for temporary exhibitions as well as scientific … research projects. ¬ 1965 He also said that the Aga Khan Programme for Islamic Architecture (AKPIA) had … been launched at Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of … Technology in the US. The programme, dedicated to the study of Islamic art and … architecture, urbanism, environmental and landscape design and conservation, /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 135/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1965… prepares students for careers in research, design and teaching, and aims to … enhance the understanding of Islamic architecture worldwide. ¬ 1966 Luis MONREAL, general director of the AKTC, said that there were other facets … of cooperation between the foundation and the Antiquities Ministry, including … the restoration of several buildings in Egypt. He said that a technical … committee was to be established through the composition of a steering group to … monitor the implementation of the memorandum of understanding and to identify … further avenues of collaboration. (Nevine El-Aref, “Aga Khan memorandum … signed”, Al-Ahram Weekly, October 13, 2016. Voir également Nevine El-Aref, … “Egyptian antiquities ministry to sign MoU with AKTC in archaeology, museology … fields”, Ahram Online, October 2 ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Signature d’un protocole de … coopération entre le ministère de l’Archéologie et l’Agha Khan », al-Yawm … al-Sâbi‘, 2 octobre ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « Protocole de coopération entre le … ministère de l’Archéologie et l’Agha Khan », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 2 octobre ; … Muhammad ‘Abd al-Mu‘tî, « Mémorandum entre le ministère de l’Archéologie et … l’Agha Khan », al-Ahrâm, 3 octobre ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Protocole de … coopération entre le ministère de l’Archéologie et l’Agha Khan la sauvegarde … archéologique », Sada al-Balad, 3 octobre). ¬ 1967 ¬ 1968 ¬ 1969 Le président du département des antiquités islamiques et coptes, Sa‘îd Hilmî, … a annoncé que la commission égypto-kazakhstanaise s’est réunie afin d’examiner … l’avancement du projet de restauration de la mosquée al-Zâhir Baybars. Le … ministre de l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al-‘Inânî, a donné des instructions en … vue de l’accélération des travaux aux frais de l’Égypte, sans attendre le côté … kazakhstanais. ¬ 1970 Lancé en 2007, ce projet de restauration a été interrompu en 2011 suite à un … différend technique. Sur les 88 millions L.E. que coûte ce projet, le … Kazakhstan a déjà offert à l’Égypte 31 millions L.E. Un second don du même … montant sera destiné à poursuivre les travaux de restauration de la coupole et … du minaret. (Ahmad Mansûr, « Khâlid al-‘Inânî donne des instructions en vue de … l’achèvement des travaux de restauration de la mosquée Baybars, sans attendre … le côté kazakhstanais », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 14 octobre 2016). ¬ 1971 ¬ 1972 Egyptian Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al.‘Inânî referred on Tuesday the file … of a dance party held in the Karnak Temple area of Luxor to prosecutors for … investigation, following the release of photos allegedly showing party-goers … dressed indecently and consuming illegal substances. ¬ 1973 Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Azîz, director-general of Upper Egypt Antiquities, said that … approval for the event was given in mid-March before al.‘Inânî was appointed … minister. ‘Abd al-‘Azîz said the party was held in front of Karnak Temple at a … distance of 200 metres, not inside the temple itself as reported on some news … and social media outlets. ¬ 1974 ¬ 1975 ¬ 1976 The ministry, ‘Abd al-‘Azîz told Ahram Online, installed an iron fence to … cordon off the area where the event was being held to prevent entry into the … temple area. The party was held on Monday after closing hours at the /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 136/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1976… archaeological site and the temple’s gates were closed. ¬ 1977 Mustafa Wazîrî, director-general of Luxor Antiquities, told Ahram Online that … the Tourism and Antiquities Police in Luxor were present in the area around … Karnak Temple, that all security measures were taken and all attendees’ bags … searched. He asserted that no irregularities took place and that photos … published on social media showing drunken people dancing in front of Karnak … and others smoking illegal drugs were doctored images. The photos, Wazîrî … said, were from a private gala ceremony held two days earlier at one of … Luxor’s hotels. ¬ 1978 On Tuesday morning, archaeological activists on social media criticised the … Ministry of Antiquities and Luxor governorate for approving the event at … Karnak Temple, saying the attendees committed “irregularities” and did not … respect the sanctity of the ancient site. (Nevine El-Aref, “The file of an … indecent dance party at Karnak temple referred to prosecutors for … investigation”, Ahram Online, October 12, 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mar‘î, « … Le temple de Karnak transformé en piste de dance », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 11 … octobre ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « Le Parquet instruit l’affaire de la fête organisée sur … le parvis du temple de Karnak », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 11 octobre ; ‘Alâ’ … al-Minyâwî, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie rejette la responsabilité de … l’organisation de la fête du temple de Karnak sur la police », Sada al-Balad, … 11 octobre ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie transmet au Parquet … l’affaire de la fête organisée dans le temple de Karnak », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, … 11 octobre). ¬ 1979 ¬ 1980 al-Sakâkînî Palace in the al-Dâhir area of central Cairo is safe and sound … after a fire caused by a short-circuit erupted Monday night in the guardroom … of the palace’s basement. Mustafa Amîn, Secretary General of the Supreme … Council of Antiquities, announced after examining the palace that the building … is in good condition and that all architecture and décor were spared. ¬ 1981 ¬ 1982 Amîn added that the blaze only affected the outer layer of the guardroom’s … wooden ceiling; the wooden columns supporting the ceiling are undamaged. ¬ 1983 Head of the Projects Sector Wa‘d Allah Abû al-‘Ilâ said that after … investigations into the accident conclude, the wooden ceiling affected by the … blaze will be restored. The wooden columns will also be consolidated to better … support the ceiling. ¬ 1984 Built in 1897 by Habîb Pasha Sakâkînî, the palace is one of the oldest in … Cairo. Designed in an Italian architectural style, it occupies 2,698 square … metres and contains 50 rooms and five floors. ¬ 1985 ¬ 1986 Damages in the wooden ceiling of the guardroom ¬ 1987 The palace houses 400 windows and doors, 300 statues and a large garden … planted with rare trees. (Nevine El-Aref, “Cairo’s historic al-Sakâkînî Palace … safe and sound after blaze”, Ahram Online, October 18, 2016. Voir également « … Incendie au palais al-Sakâkînî », al-Bashâyyir, 18 octobre ; Ahmad Mansûr, « … Le palais al-Sakâkînî victime d’un incendie », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 18 octobre ; … Hiba ‘Âdil, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie inspecte le palais al-Sakâkînî … suite à l’incendie », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 18 octobre ; Muhammad ‘Abd al-Mu‘tî, /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 137/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

1987… « Le CSA affirme que le palais al-Sakâkînî est saint et sauf malgré l’incendie … », al-Ahrâm, 19 octobre). ¬ 1988 ¬ 1989 ¬ 1990 ¬ 1991 ¬ 1992 Le carrosse royale qui transportait le roi Fârûq de ‘Âbidîn au Parlement. … (Photo : Mohamad Moustapha) ¬ 1993 Du dimanche au jeudi, les visiteurs peuvent découvrir la grande histoire du … Parlement égyptien. Le Musée parlementaire, composé de quatre grandes salles … et situé au centre du Parlement, retrace les moments les plus importants de … cette institution. En 1986, l’ancien président Husnî Mubârak avait consacré … deux salles pour y exposer des pièces et des documents qui témoignent de … l’évolution du Parlement égyptien. Un an plus tard, deux autres salles ont été … annexées au musée, afin d’y exposer les cadeaux diplomatiques offerts par les … chefs d’État, les ambassadeurs et les chefs des parlements étrangers. ¬ 1994 Les visiteurs du musée sont accueillis dès leur arrivée par la première salle … du musée, juste après le hall pharaonique. Le célèbre trône royal en velours … vert domine la grande pièce. Il est surmonté de la couronne et du drapeau … égyptien de l’époque, ainsi que des rideaux à l’emblème alide. « Le roi avait … l’habitude d’assister à l’inauguration de chaque session parlementaire. Il … s’asseyait sur ce trône. Sa présence était honorifique, car c’était le Premier … ministre qui prononçait le discours inaugural de la session », explique ‘Alâ’ … Sha‘bân, directeur du musée. ¬ 1995 Dans la troisième salle se trouvent des répliques pharaoniques telles que la … statue du roi Thoutmosis III, celle d’un scribe égyptien ou encore des blocs … montrant des ouvriers au temps des pharaons. Certaines pièces montrent à quel … point l’Égypte ancienne était soucieuse d’établir des lois qui déterminaient … les horaires de travail et les droits des citoyens. « Ces répliques, offertes … par le ministère des Antiquités, montrent les traités commerciaux et … militaires signés entre l’Égypte et les pays étrangers », souligne-t-il. ¬ 1996 L’époque islamique est également présente. Une lettre du 2e calife, ‘Umar Ibn … al-Khattâb, adressée à Abû Mûsa al-Ash‘arî, décrivait alors les règlements et … les lois qu’il devait suivre en tant que wâlî (gouverneur) de Bassora en Iraq. … Et bien entendu, on y trouve une copie du Coran, principale source de la … législation. ¬ 1997 Dans la dernière salle, de nombreux cadeaux offerts par les représentants des … pays étrangers durant leurs visites sont exposés. « La collection de ce musée … relate, sans aucun doute, les moments les plus importants de l’histoire … parlementaire égyptienne. Un musée sans pareil », conclut Sha‘bân. (Nasma Réda … et Doaa Elhami, « Le Musée parlementaire : témoin d’un passé riche en … péripéties », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 19 octobre 2016). ¬ 1998 ¬ 1999 ¬ 2000 The committee formed by Egypt’s antiquities minister to follow up on the work … of the ScanPyramids Project met earlier this week to review a report on the … results of the Project’s work over the past year inside the Great Pyramid of … Khufu and the Dahshûr Bent Pyramid. ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 138/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2001 The ScanPyramids Project started last year and uses … state-of-the-art-technology including three complementary techniques using … muography, the recording of cosmic rays called muons, thermography and 3D … simulation to explore the internal architecture of Egypt’s pyramids. ¬ 2002 ¬ 2003 ¬ 2004 The committee is led by former minister of antiquities Zâhî Hawwâs and … includes Mark LEHNER, director of Ancient Egypt Research Associates, Miroslav … BÁRTA, director of the Czech Archaeological Mission in Saqqâra, and ¬ 2005 Rainer STADELMANN, former director of the ¬ 2006 Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Kairo. ¬ 2007 During the meeting, Hânî Hilâl, the ¬ 2008 ¬ 2009 ScanPyramids coordinator, said that more research was required on the Bent … Pyramid, but inside the Great Pyramid the mission had located two anomalies: … One on the upper part of the entrance gate and the second on the north-eastern … side. He said that more research was to be carried out in order to identify … the nature and size of these anomalies. ¬ 2010 “The members of the committee approved in principal the results of the … research carried out by the project,” Hawwâs told Al-Ahram Weekly, adding that … it would prepare a detailed final scientific and archaeological report on the … project’s progress from its inception to the present time. The report is to be … sent to Antiquities Minister Khâlid al-‘Inânî for discussion. ¬ 2011 Hawwâs also said that members of the committee had approved in principal … ScanPyramids’ request to extend the project for another year, on condition … that it was approved by the ministry’s permanent committee and followed all … legal procedures. ¬ 2012 In a press release, the project researchers confirmed the presence of an … unknown cavity on the northeastern edge of Khufu’s Pyramid at a height of … about 105 metres from the ground. ¬ 2013 They also confirmed the presence of an unknown void behind the chevrons above … the descending corridor of the Great Pyramid, the shape, size and extension of … which is still under investigation. ¬ 2014 The questions raised in this area have led the team to invest in a complete … muography analysis of the descending corridor of the Pyramid, keeping in mind … that when it was finished 4,500 years ago the chevrons in this area were not … visible, as they were hidden under casing stones that were dismantled over … subsequent centuries. ¬ 2015 Today, researchers said, we can still see the remains of these chevrons and … oblique stones which most probably are parts of missing chevrons covering a … kind of void that might have existed before the stones were dismantled. ¬ 2016 Inside the Great Pyramid there are other chevrons covering the king and … queen’s chambers. These were not used for decoration, but had a very practical … purpose: To protect a void and prevent the roof from collapsing. The question … is why were so many chevrons used to protect such a small area at the … beginning of the descending corridor. ¬ 2017 Muography has proved efficient in detecting voids in massive structures such … as volcanoes, power plants and pyramids. The ScanPyramids team has been /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 139/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2017… acquiring muon data inside Khufu’s Pyramid with equipment installed by Japan. ¬ 2018 “We expect to have the results of the analysis during the first three months … of 2017,” the researchers said. (Nevine El-Aref, “Pyramid anomalies found”, … Al-Ahram Weekly, October 20, 2016. Voir également ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Réunion … de la commission scientifique du ScanPyramids Project », Sada al-Balad, 13 … octobre ; Nevine El-Aref, “ScanPyramids Project requests year extension”, … Ahram Online, October 14 ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Zâhî Hawwâs : nous préparons un … rapport détaillé sur le ScanPyramids Project », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 14 octobre ; … Doaa Elhami, « La grande énigme de la pyramide de Chéops », Al-Ahram Hebdo du … 26 octobre). ¬ 2019 ¬ 2020 ¬ 2021 The banner of the auction ¬ 2022 The Egyptian antiquities ministry is trying to prevent the sale of Egyptian … artefacts by Toledo Museum of Art at Christie’s in New York next week. To … benefit its acquisitions fund, the Ohio-based museum has put up for auction a … collection of 64 works. ¬ 2023 ¬ 2024 ¬ 2025 The sale is to be made in two auctions; the first is from 19 to 26 October and … will include a selection of 24 pieces from across ancient Greece, Rome, the … Near East, and Egypt with highlights including a Cypriot limestone head of a … male votary and an Egyptian bronze cat. ¬ 2026 The second auction will be from 21 to 24 October and will be an online auction … via Christie’s, offering an additional 40 pieces. ¬ 2027 Upon the detection of the auctions on the internet, the ministry has … undertaken all legal, legitimate and diplomatic procedures to stop them taking … place and to recover the ancient Egyptian artefacts, an official told Ahram … Online. ¬ 2028 Supervisor-general of the Antiquities Repatriation Department at the ministry, … Sha‘bân ‘Abd al-Gawwâd, told Ahram Online that the ministry has contacted the … directors of UNESCO and the International Committee of Museums, as well as … Egypt’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, to cooperate with the Egyptian embassy in … the United States to take all the procedures to withdraw the Egyptian … artefacts, stop their sale and return them to their country of origin. ¬ 2029 The National Committee for Antiquities Repatriation led by Minister of … Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî has met to discuss the incident and methods to … stop the sale. ¬ 2030 ‘Abd al-Gawwâd described the sale of the Toledo Museum of Art’s property as … unacceptable because it runs counter to the original Enlightenment role of … museums as cultural and archaeological institutions. ¬ 2031 He went on to say that the ministry has recently played a major role in … returning stolen and illegally smuggled antiquities. A total of 1,200 objects … have been recovered within the last seven months. (Nevine El-Aref, … “Antiquities ministry trying to stop sale of Egyptian artefacts at New York … auction”, Ahram Online, October 21, 2016). ¬ 2032 Two rock-hewn tombs from the Late Period (664 BC to 332 BC) have been revealed … near the Aga Khan mausoleum on Aswân’s west bank during excavation works /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 140/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2032… carried out by the mission of Aswân Field School. ¬ 2033 Nasr Salâma, the director-general of monuments in Aswân and Nubia at the … antiquities ministry, explains that the architecture of both tombs is very … simple and each consists of a rectangular front hall with stairs leading to … the burial shaft where remains of a sarcophagus and mummy are located. ¬ 2034 ¬ 2035 The entrance of one of the tombs courtesy of AFS ¬ 2036 According to Salâma, the tombs are in a very bad conservation condition with … plain walls without any decorations, paintings or funerary collection. ¬ 2037 The owners of the tombs have not yet been identified but more studies and … excavation inside the tombs should yield further information, he added. ¬ 2038 ¬ 2039 Remains of a sarcophagus courtesy of AFS ¬ 2040 ‘Adil Tuhâmî, the head of the Aswân Field School said that the school aims to … train junior archaeologists and restorers to use state-of.the-art techniques … in excavations, restoration and documentation of monuments, as well as in … archaeological surveying. (Nevine El-Aref, “Two Late Period tombs discovered … in Aswân”, Ahram Online, October 21, 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le … ministère de l’Archéologie annonce la découverte à Aswân de 2 tombes d’époque … tardive », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 21 octobre ; MENA, « Mise au jour de 2 tombes … rupestres à l’Ouest d’Aswân », al-Shurûq, 21 octobre ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « … Découverte de 2 tombes rupestres à l’Ouest d’Aswân », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 21 … octobre). ¬ 2041 ¬ 2042 ¬ 2043 ¬ 2044 Le président de l’administration centrale des antiquités sous-marines, Dr … Muhammad Mustafa, a annoncé l’achèvement des études de trois navires submergés … dans la baie d’Abûqîr en Alexandrie, parmi les vestiges de soixante navires … identifiés, il y a cinq ans, qui remontent au IIe siècle apr. J.-C. … Actuellement, il est difficile de repêcher ces navires à cause du manque de … financement et de l’inexistence d’un musée approprié pour les exposer. Les … trois navires en question ont été dûment étudiés. Quant à l’ensemble des … navires, il reste constamment sous surveillance depuis cinq ans. ¬ 2045 Rappelons que la mission de l’Institut Européen d’Archéologie Sous-Marine … (IEASM) avait mis au jour près de soixante navires submergés à environ 10 … mètres sous le niveau de la Méditerranée et à 8 Km de distance du port … d’Abûqîr. (Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie achève l’étude de 3 … navires submergées dans la baie d’Abûqîr », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 24 octobre … 2016). ¬ 2046 Le superviseur général du musée d’Art islamique, Dr Ahmad al-Shûkî, a annoncé … l’impression de la première brochure en braille à l’usage des aveugles. Cette … initiative s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une attention particulière accordée aux … personnes handicapées. Afin de soutenir les non-voyants et d’améliorer leurs … contacts avec les musées, un certain nombre de répliques archéologiques … destinées à être touchées seront également mises à leur disposition. (Ahmad … Mansûr, « Pour la première fois, le musée d’Art islamique imprime une … plaquette en braille », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 24 octobre 2016. Voir également /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 141/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2046… ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le musée d’Art islamique édite une brochure en braille à … l’usage des aveugles », Sada al-Balad, 24 octobre). ¬ 2047 ¬ 2048 Ohio’s Toledo Museum of Art is selling 68 antiquities from its collection, a … move drawing criticism from a nationally known archaeologist and Egyptian … officials. ¬ 2049 About half the items are from Egypt, The Blade newspaper reported. Others come … from Cyprus, Greece and Italy. They’re being sold at a New York auction on … Tuesday and an online sale closing the same day. ¬ 2050 “It’s just, for me, puzzling and distressing to see this short-sighted … decision,” said Joan CONNELLY, a renowned art expert and Toledo native. “As an … archaeologist I’m just astounded any museum would sell off items with good … provenance, which can be held forever.” ¬ 2051 According to the newspaper, the Egyptian government indicated in news coverage … in that country that it’s seeking to stop the sales. ¬ 2052 Brian KENNEDY, the museum’s director, said its board approved selling the … items that didn’t meet the quality of the current collection. The museum … conducted a two-year review of its collection before the sale was approved. ¬ 2053 The process is called deaccession, which the Toledo Museum of Art similarly … used in whittling down its modern contemporary collection in 2002, its Old … Masters collection in 2006 and its Asian art collection in 2008. Many of the … objects either haven’t been put on display in decades or appeared only … sporadically. ¬ 2054 The items at auction include Egyptian pottery and shabtis, or funeral … figurines. Also for sale online is a first or second century Roman bronze … strigil, which is a curved blade used to scrape sweat and dirt off the skin … following a bath or exercise. ¬ 2055 KENNEDY said the museum acquired most of the artifacts directly from their … countries of origin during the 1910s and 1920s. ¬ 2056 CONNELLY said international cultural heritage laws have made it impossible for … museums to acquire such antiquities these days. The items are unlikely to be … replaced once the museum discards them. ¬ 2057 KENNEDY expects the sale to generate about $500,000, which can be used on … other acquisitions. ¬ 2058 CONNELLY remembers the antiques from childhood visits to the museum and said … she felt absolutely sick when first learning of the auction. She called the … sale “a great loss to Toledo.” (Associated Press, “Ohio museum’s sale of … antiquities from Egypt draws criticism”, Ahram Online, October 25, 2016). ¬ 2059 ¬ 2060 ¬ 2061 ¬ 2062 team has completed the building’s commercial and cultural section. ¬ 2063 Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî met on Wednesday with representatives … of the UNESCO office in Egypt and a special international agency to discuss … preliminary suggestions on making use of the visitors centre of the National … Museum of Egyptian Civilisation (NMEC) in Fustât, as well as its cultural and … commercial sections. ¬ 2064 Mahrûs Sa‘îd, supervisor general of the NMEC, said that UNESCO’s Egypt office /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 142/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2064… asked a special international agency to carry out a feasibility study on … getting the best use out of the NMEC visitor centre as well as finding … additional finance to restart suspended work on the museum. ¬ 2065 The cultural section of NMEC houses a 332.seat cinema, a 486-seat theatre, and … lecture and conference halls equipped with state-of.the-art projectors, media, … sound and lighting systems. The commercial section has 42 shops, cafeterias … and restaurants. ¬ 2066 The museum’s main building, overlooking ‘Ayn al-Sîra Lake in the heart of … Egypt’s first Islamic capital, Fustât, is near completion, including … galleries, corridors and exhibition sections. Work was all but halted in the … aftermath of the 2011 revolution due to budgetary shortfalls. ¬ 2067 Selection of the site for the NMEC was made in 2000. In 2002, the … pyramid-shaped foundation stone of the building was laid, and in 2004 the … first phase of the project was completed. ¬ 2068 An extensive pre-building inspection was carried out to determine if any ruins … or antiquities lay buried below ground. An up-to.date storage space, similar … to that of the Louvre Museum in Paris and the British Museum in London was … built on site. ¬ 2069 This is the first time that such a storage facility has been built in Egypt … and includes a high-tech security system that is directly connected to the … police commissariat. A laboratory to restore pieces in the museum’s collection … is also among the achievements of the first phase. ¬ 2070 The second phase started in 2007 but has not yet completed. Târiq al-Nag‘âwî, … the NMEC project’s engineer, told Al-Ahram Weekly that work at the museum has … been slow, but the ¬ 2071 The museum’s glass pyramid-shaped roof will display a multimedia show of the … different eras of Egyptian civilisation. (Nevine El-Aref, “Egypt and UNESCO … discuss Fustât civilisation museum”, Ahram Online, October 26, 2016). ¬ 2072 Il est 7h du matin. Près de 2 000 personnes en tenue sportive se trouvent … devant la célèbre basilique de la Vierge à Héliopolis pour participer à la « … course patrimoniale d’Héliopolis ». Des participants de tous les âges sont … présents sur les lieux arborant des tee-shirts avec des slogans comme Cairo … Runners, We Own The Streets, Mi-marathon du Caire. ¬ 2073 Organisée par la Fondation du patrimoine d’Héliopolis dans le cadre des … activités de l’Assemblée du patrimoine d’Égypte et sous les auspices du … ministère égyptien des Antiquités, la course est longue de 7 km. Elle est … formée de 6 étapes principales : la basilique al-Qurba, la mosquée sultan … Husayn et le palais de la sultane Malak, le palais du Baron Empain, la cité … Ghirnâta et l’école du Sacré Cœur, pour revenir à nouveau à la basilique. « … Notre circuit passe par les plus belles rues héliopolitainnes et les bâtiments … qui ont une valeur historique », explique Shuhda, 19 ans, étudiante à … l’Université de ‘Ayn Shams. ¬ 2074 Si certains coureurs ont choisi de faire le parcours sans s’arrêter, d’autres … ont préféré se reposer à chaque station. « S’arrêter devant ces monuments et … passer en revue leur histoire est un vrai plaisir. J’ai remarqué que des … panneaux retracent l’histoire de ces bâtiments », raconte Muhammad, l’un des … concurrents s’accordant une pause devant le palais de la sultane Malak, bâti … en 1908 par l’architecte français Alexandre MARCEL. « Cet événement est une /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 143/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2074… bonne occasion pour découvrir le patrimoine de la cité », assure Muhammad. ¬ 2075 La course héliopolitainne a regroupé des familles entières. Haytham, un enfant … de 4 ans, a accompagné ses parents. Pour eux, se balader dans les rues de la … Cité du soleil est la plus belle promenade qu’ils puissent faire. « La cité a … gardé tout son charme d’antan », explique la mère de Haytham. ¬ 2076 Les participants ont particulièrement apprécié la station du Baron Empain. De … nombreux groupes de jeunes se sont photographiés devant le palais et son … jardin. « L’architecture hindoue composée de créatures fabuleuses est … surprenante, attirante et agréable. Elle crée une ambiance légendaire pleine … de charme », commente la jeune Wafâ’. C’est la raison pour laquelle la plupart … des coureurs se sont arrêtés à cette station. ¬ 2077 ¬ 2078 ¬ 2079 Le palais Empain est en général un point d’attraction et de rencontre pour … différentes activités. Ce jour-là, un groupe de jeunes cyclistes s’étaient … également réunis pour faire leur propre circuit. « C’est agréable d’être au … pied du palais légendaire, on peut s’y détendre », commente le cycliste ‘Umar … Magdî. Shukrî Asmar, président du conseil d’administration de la Fondation du … patrimoine d’Héliopolis, partage cet avis. « Les rues d’Héliopolis sont vastes … et calmes. Elles permettent aux cyclistes de rouler sans la moindre … difficulté. C’est ce qui attire ces groupes », assure-t-il, avec fierté. ¬ 2080 La cité Ghirnâta a elle aussi attiré les visiteurs. Les grands escaliers et … l’architecture andalouse ont attiré la curiosité des coureurs. « Que … représentait cette cité pour les Héliopolitains ? », se demande la jeune … Shuhda, déplorant l’absence d’explications et voulant en savoir plus. Au bout … d’une heure (durée totale de la course), Shuhda, ses amies et leurs collègues … sont heureux de terminer le circuit patrimonial. Ils ont beaucoup appris sur … l’histoire de la Cité du soleil. Ils espèrent renouveler l’expérience … prochainement en ajoutant de nouvelles stations. Ils espèrent également que la … Cité du soleil restituera sa beauté et sa gloire d’antan. « Il faut restaurer … et conserver ses villas et ses immeubles qui témoignent d’une architecture … distinguée et préserver les jardins », espère la jeune Shuhda. Elle estime que … les panneaux publicitaires et les façades des magasins gâchent la vue … panoramique d’Héliopolis. ¬ 2081 Le dessin était également présent dans cette manifestation culturelle. Les … organisateurs ont organisé une compétition de dessin gratuite. « Les … concurrents devaient, en deux heures, faire des sketchs de trois bâtiments … patrimoniaux bien conservés, ou au contraire, menacés », explique Nuha, membre … de la fondation. Une quarantaine se sont prêtés au jeu dans les rues … d’Héliopolis. « Le plus surprenant c’est que de nombreux enfants ont voulu y … participer. Nous les avons encouragés et leur avons distribué des sketchs pour … dessiner », raconte l’architecte Ahmad Mansûr, membre de la fondation. Faire … participer la communauté locale, surtout les enfants, est l’un des objectifs … de la fondation. C’est un aspect de la prise de la conscience patrimoniale … d’Héliopolis. ¬ 2082 Ces deux programmes s’inscrivent dans une série qui a pour but de préserver le … patrimoine matériel et immatériel héliopolitain. Cette initiative est soutenue … par l’Union du patrimoine d’Égypte, qui regroupe plusieurs ONG et tente de /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 144/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2082… préserver la beauté de l’Égypte contemporaine. (Doaa Elhami, « Des activités … sportives au service du patrimoine », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 26 octobre 2016. Voir … également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie organise un marathon … cycliste », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 23 septembre ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « Fin du marathon … cycliste en direction du Musée Égyptien », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 23 septembre). ¬ 2083 ¬ 2084 La Basilique, point de départ et d’arrivée de la course. (Photo : Sportage) ¬ 2085 Afin de regrouper tous les défenseurs du patrimoine architectural et urbain de … l’Égypte, cinq gouvernorats se sont réunis pour former « l’Assemblée du … patrimoine d’Égypte » : la capitale, Le Caire, ville cosmopolite, Alexandrie, … la cité de liberté, Port-Saïd, Mansûra, et la bride du Nil, Minyâ. ¬ 2086 « Cette union a débuté en 2014, lorsque nous sommes rentrés en contact avec … les membres du comité des 50 qui a rédigé la Constitution égyptienne. Nous … avons réussi à faire promulguer une clause protégeant le patrimoine égyptien … », se souvient Shukrî Asmar, directeur général de la Fondation du patrimoine … d’Héliopolis. Depuis cette époque, les ONG, composant cette assemblée, … organisent régulièrement des événements dont l’objectif essentiel est d’élever … la conscience patrimoniale chez les citoyens. Plusieurs événements, qui … varient entre courses, cyclisme, visites guidées, dessins, expositions, … conférences et réunions publiques, ont été organisés. ¬ 2087 ¬ 2088 ¬ 2089 Du 13 au 15 octobre, trois activités ont été organisées au Caire, dont la … course patrimoniale d’Héliopolis. ¬ 2090 En parallèle, l’initiative CLUSTER (Cairo Lab For Urban Studies, Training and … Environnemental Research) a organisé un autre circuit au centre-ville. Si le … circuit héliopolitain n’a duré qu’une heure, celui du centre-ville a, quant à … lui, était long de 8 heures. Les participants, sketchs et couleurs en mains, … ont fait une visite patrimoniale dans les dédales du Caire khédivial. « Notre … visite était composée de nombreuses zones de repos. Les coureurs s’arrêtaient … pour entamer les sketchs des bâtiments architecturaux et des ruelles », … raconte ‘Umar Nagâtî, fondateur de Cluster. Les périodes de repos permettaient … également de découvrir la gastronomie locale. « Cluster documente l’héritage … immatériel », a-t-il ajouté. ¬ 2091 Un troisième événement a eu lieu au Caire : la visite de la région … d’al-Khalîfa par l’ONG Migâwara, al-’Athar Lanâ (le monument est à nous). … Cette initiative a pour but de faire participer la communauté locale aux … événements patrimoniaux. Des tournées patrimoniales sont effectuées. Une … exposition est organisée pour les productions artisanales de la région. … L’organisation de matchs de football permet aux enfants de découvrir leur … patrimoine. Dans la rue al-Khalîfa, le sketching a pris un tout autre aspect. … « On demandait aux citoyens de dessiner leur vision de la région et de leur … quartier », souligne l’architecte ‘Âmir ‘Abd al-Rahmân. ¬ 2092 Au même moment, l’Association du patrimoine de l’Égypte, représentée par le … Salon culturel de Mallawî, a organisé dans le gouvernorat de Minyâ le Salon … culturel de Mallawî. (Doaa Elhami, « 5 gouvernorats, 1 association », Al-Ahram … Hebdo du 26 octobre 2016). ¬ 2093 Le secrétaire général du CSA, Dr Mustafa Amîn, a annoncé que le nombre total /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 145/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2093… des visiteurs de tous les musées égyptiens au cours du mois de septembre 2016 … s’élève à 80 196 visiteurs, dont 13 667 touristes étrangers. Les recettes … générées s’élèvent à 3 650 967 livres égyptiennes. Comme d’habitude, le Musée … Égyptien a été le plus fréquenté avec 66 462 visiteurs. (Ahmad Mansûr, « 80 … 000 visiteurs égyptiens et étrangers ont fréquenté les musées égyptiens au … cours du mois de septembre », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 26 octobre 2016). ¬ 2094 ¬ 2095 ¬ 2096 The usually sedate Upper Egyptian town of Abû Simbil was abuzz with Ramses II … fever for the second time this year, as visitors waited for the sun’s rays to … penetrate through the Abû Simbil Temple’s inner sanctuary on Saturday to … illuminate the pharaoh’s face and the statues of the gods Amun-Re and … Re-Hur-Akhty, leaving the god of darkness Ptah in the shade because of his … connection to the underworld. ¬ 2097 This phenomenon takes place twice a year, on 22 February and 22 October, and … it coincides with the birthday and coronation of the ancient Egyptian pharaoh … Ramses II who built the Temples at Abû Simbil. Some believe the solar … phenomenon was a way for the ancient Egyptians to identify the beginning of … the summer and winter seasons and alert farmers of the start of cultivation … and the harvest. ¬ 2098 This year, the event marks the celebration of the golden jubilee of the … safeguarding of the Abû Simbil Temples in the 1960s when they were threatened … by the construction of the Aswân High Dam. The celebrations will last until … October 2018 in order to mark the day when the Abû Simbil Temples were … reconstructed at their new location on a 65-metre artificial hill above the … High Dam to protect them from being submerged under the waters of Lake Nâsir. ¬ 2099 Under the slogan “Egypt is the country of safety and security,” the equinox … celebration was organized by the Aswân governorate in collaboration with the … Ministries of Antiquities and Tourism and the Egyptian Tourism Authority. A … group of 1,100 tourists of different nationalities as well as Egyptians … descended on the Abû Simbil Temples, 280km south of Aswân, on Friday night to … witness the sun’s rays falling on the face of Ramses II. ¬ 2100 ¬ 2101 ¬ 2102 The visitors then paid a visit to an exhibition of paintings at the steps of … the Abû Simbil Temples entitled “Abû Simbil in the Eyes of Painters,” which … displays paintings by Egyptian artists expressing their thoughts on the … temples and the safeguarding operations as well as Nubian nature, houses, … decorations, dances and traditions. ¬ 2103 The paintings are the results of the second round of the Abû Simbil Symposium, … which lasted for four days and was organized by the Abû Simbil Temples 50 … Campaign. ¬ 2104 The exhibition included four paintings by the late Egyptian artist Husayn … Bikâr, who was responsible, along with his team, for the documentation of the … Abû Simbil Temples from 1963 to 1966 by drawing every inch of their … structures, decorative elements and hieroglyphic texts. ¬ 2105 “These four paintings were offered to the Abû Simbil Temples 50 Campaign by … the well.known writer Naam al-Bâz,” said Hamdî al-Sutûhî, head of the Abû /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 146/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2105… Simbil Temples 50 Campaign, who added that among the most important was one … depicting Ramses II with his beloved wife Nefertari discussing the … construction of the temples. ¬ 2106 The Abû Simbil sound and light show took place as usual, and this time round … it was attended by Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al.‘Inânî, who delivered a … lecture on the events. Minister of Culture Hilmî al-Namnam, candidate for the … position of director-general of UNESCO Mushîra Khattâb, and Aswân Governor … Magdî Higâzî, as well as a number of the surviving engineers, archaeologists … and workers who took part in the safeguarding operations in the 1960s, were in … attendance. ¬ 2107 As the assembled dignitaries waited for the equinox, ten musical troupes … performed Nubian folkloric songs and dances. The atmosphere was joyous as … hibiscus and tamarind drinks were drunk and stuffed dates served on coloured … bamboo plates were eaten. The sound of Nubian music filled the night air, as … women, men, boys, and girls in colorful garb danced to the rhythms of the duf, … a traditional tambourine without bells. A Pharaonic ballet and dancing tableau … was also performed. ¬ 2108 Husâm ‘Abbûd, director of the Nubia Monuments, said that the shining of the … sun’s rays on the face of the statue of Ramses II located in the sanctuary was … connected to the Abû Simbil Temples more than to any other ancient Egyptian … temple. The effects of the equinox used to happen on 21 February and 21 … October, but after the relocation of the temples they had shifted by one day, … he said. ¬ 2109 The temples axis runs perpendicular to the outer mountain surface. The inner … halls of the main temple were laid out exactly towards the main sanctuary, … which contains statues of Ramses II and the gods Ptah, Amun-Re and … Re.Hur-Akhty. The sun’s rays penetrate into the sanctuary some 61 meters … inside the temple during the vernal equinox and illuminate the statues of … Amun-Re, Ramses II and Re-Hur-Akhty for a few days. During the autumnal … equinox the statues are illuminated from the reversed side for the same … period. ¬ 2110 “It was an ingenious idea, accomplished by the astronomers and architects of … the time, who chose the mountain at Abû Simbil because it faces east,” ‘Abbûd … commented. (Nevine El-Aref, “Sunshine for Ramses II in Aswân”, Al-Ahram … Weekly, October 27, 2016). ¬ 2111 ¬ 2112 In Bâb al-Wazîr Street, a major road from the 14th century running from Bâb … Zuwayla to the Salâh al-Dîn Citadel in the al-Darb al-Ahmar district of Cairo, … stands the al-Tanbaghâ al-Mârdânî Mosque with its Mameluke architecture … waiting for restoration. ¬ 2113 This building, like other Islamic monuments located in heavily populated … areas, is suffering seriously from environmental dangers including air … pollution, a high subsoil water level, a high level of humidity, and leakage … from street water and the neighbouring al-Mayda’a, a fountain used for ritual … ablution. ¬ 2114 ¬ 2115 ¬ 2116 “One of the most serious causes of the damage has been the ill use of the /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 147/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2116… Mosque by worshippers, as well as the encroachment of traders over the … centuries,” Muhammad ‘Abd al.‘Azîz, head of the Historic Cairo Rehabilitation … Project (HCRP), told Al-Ahram Weekly. He added that the place of the mosque in … a busy residential area had added to its deterioration due to the behaviour of … the area’s inhabitants who had sometimes placed garbage beside it. ¬ 2117 The mosque was also subject to poor restoration practices in 1896 by the Arab … Heritage Conservation Committee that was responsible for Egypt’s Islamic … monuments at the time. ¬ 2118 ‘Abd al-‘Azîz said that in order to rescue such a distinguished monument from … falling into oblivion, Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al.‘Inânî had agreed … with Director-General of the Aga Khan Foundation Luis MONREAL to immediately … start its restoration. ¬ 2119 ¬ 2120 Christophe POLIO ¬ 2121 French expert Christophe POLIO from the Aga Khan Historic Cities Programme … (AKHCP) inspected the mosque earlier this week and has confirmed that it was … in a critical conservation condition. “The prayer hall is the most … deteriorated part of the mosque and needs to be completely rehabilitated,” … POLIO told the Weekly. He said that the walls of the monument had cracked, … masonry was damaged, marble work had deteriorated, and the decorations of the … walls and most of the flooring were broken. ¬ 2122 The mosque is currently closed to prayer and visitors. POLIO said that he … would write a detailed report on the mosque’s condition and a suggested plan … for its restoration. Both are to be submitted to al-‘Inânî for discussion in a … special meeting with Polio early next week. ¬ 2123 ‘Abd al-‘Azîz said that the al-Tanbaghâ al-Mârdânî Mosque was one of the … finest monuments of the 14th century, built in 1340 CE by prince al-Tanbaghâ … al-Mârdânî who was the son-in-law of the Mameluke Sultan al-Nâsir Muhammad. It … is for this reason that its traditional hypostyle and riwâq (corridor with … arcades) plans are very similar to the ones found in the al-Nâsir Muhammad … Mosque at the Citadel. ¬ 2124 At the time of its building, the mosque was one of the most opulently … decorated in Cairo, marked by the first fully octagonal minaret and large dome … and three axial entrances as well as other innovations. Al-Nâsir Muhammad … contributed to the construction of the mosque just as he did for another … son-in-law, prince al-Sunqur, the builder of the Blue Mosque further down the … same street. ¬ 2125 The exterior facades of the mosque are decorated with recessed panels crowned … with stalactite (honeycomb work) hoods with two windows on each panel. A … Qur’anic inscription band runs along the top. ¬ 2126 The interior of the mosque consists of a vast open courtyard surrounded by … four riwâqs supported with marble columns. Above the arches are a row of … alternating keel-arched niches and medallions, and above each medallion is a … lozenge form. On the keystone of each arch the stones are framed with a … continuous molding forming a loop. A beautifully carved fountain in the form … of a domed small pavilion stands in the middle of the arcaded courtyard. ¬ 2127 The mosque has very distinguished mashrabiyya shields separating the prayer … hall from the courtyard facades. The qibla (prayer direction) wall is /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 148/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2127… ornamented with fine stuccowork with unusual tree motifs. The mihrâb (niche … indicating the direction of prayer) has a doomed nine-column maqsûra (chapel) … decorated with mosaics and a marble frame. ¬ 2128 The minaret is also remarkable because its sculpted stalactites take the … viewer’s eye from one level to another. (Nevine El-Aref, “Mosque restoration … begins”, Al-Ahram Weekly, October 27, 2016. Voir également Shirîn ‘Âdil, « La … négligence frappe la mosquée al-Tanbaghâ al-Mârdânî », Sada al-Balad, 12 … octobre ; Nevine El-Aref, “al-Tanbaghâ al-Mârdânî Mosque to be restored soon”, … Ahram Online, October 15 ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Un expert français inspecte la … mosquée al-Tanbaghâ al-Mârdânî », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 15 octobre ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « … Un expert français examine la mosquée al-Tanbaghâ al-Mârdânî », al-Ahrâm … al-‘Arabî, 15 octobre ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Un expert français examine la … mosquée al-Tanbaghâ al-Mârdânî en vue de sa restauration », Sada al-Balad, 15 … octobre). ¬ 2129 ¬ 2130 ¬ 2131 At the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) construction site this week hundreds of … Egyptian and international journalists flocked to witness the signing of the … second soft loan agreement between the Japan International Cooperation Agency … (JICA) and the ministries of antiquities and international cooperation. ¬ 2132 The first agreement was in 2006 when the JICA provided a $280 million soft … loan to be repaid over 30 years at an interest rate of 1.5 per cent. Payments … will be made in instalments after a 10-year grace period following the GEM’s … official opening. ¬ 2133 In 2010, the first and second phases of the GEM were completed. They included … the construction of a power plant, fire station, and fully equipped … conservation centre built 10 metres below ground level. The centre has 12 … laboratories and four storage galleries and is believed to be the largest such … facility in the world and is intended as a regional, as well as Egyptian, … expert centre. ¬ 2134 However, problems encountered after the 25 January Revolution led to budgetary … problems, slowing the construction of the GEM after the first and second … phases. ¬ 2135 In 2012, work resumed after a joint venture between Egypt’s Orascom … Construction Industries and the Belgium BESIX Group was awarded the contract … for the completion of the GEM’s third phase, which includes the construction … of the museum’s main building and landscaping. ¬ 2136 The new loan, agreed this week, is for some $460 million, which the government … will repay over 25 years at an interest rate of 1.4 per cent after a … seven-year grace period. ¬ 2137 Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî described the new loan as a great … push in the museum's construction and one that would make the dream of the GEM … come true. He said that the GEM was the largest project linking Egypt with the … JICA and that the GEM was the largest cultural project the JICA had ever … supported. ¬ 2138 The museum’s soft opening, al-‘Inânî said, would include the inauguration of … the halls displaying the funerary collection of the boy pharaoh Tutankhamun … and the grand staircase, which will display the colossus of Ramses II /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 149/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2138… transported from Ramses Square in downtown Cairo. ¬ 2139 al-‘Inânî said that 80 per cent of the construction work had been completed … and 50 per cent of the whole. “I appreciate the JICA’s cooperation with the … Ministry of Antiquities in sprucing up the GEM’s construction,” al-‘Inânî … said, describing the GEM as Egypt’s 21st-century landmark. ¬ 2140 A collection of 39,000 artefacts had been transported to the GEM from museums … and archaeological sites around the country, he said. “We are planning to … transfer 100,000 artefacts as scheduled, and the transportation process is … being carried out according to the latest international techniques,” al-‘Inânî … added. ¬ 2141 “The museum will provide the best environment for the display of Egypt’s … priceless treasures, as well as providing more space, better lighting, and … more information on them, all of which will help to do justice to Egypt’s … heritage,” al-‘Inânî said. ¬ 2142 Minister of International Cooperation Sahar Nasr described the GEM as a very … important project that was not only an Egyptian project but also an … international one and one that the whole world was looking up to. “It is a … development project creating large opportunities for jobs, especially for … young people working in the tourism sector. This helped us to secure a special … loan from the Japanese side,” Nasr told Al-Ahram Weekly, adding that Egypt … wanted to thank the Japanese government for all its support and continued … cooperation. ¬ 2143 She said that the GEM was one out of an envelope of many over recent years … amounting to $8 billion, of which $2.5 billion were in the form of grants. “We … are now in discussion with the JICA and the Japanese government on another … very important project, which is education,” Nasr said. She added that during … his visit to Japan, President ‘Abd al-Fattâh al-Sîsî had toured several … schools and had been impressed with the quality of education. The government … was hoping for a further loan agreement focusing on the education sector in … Egypt, she said. ¬ 2144 Teruyuki ITO, JICA representative for Egypt and Yemen, told the Weekly that … this loan is the second phase of the loan provision made in response to the … request from the Egyptian government, and it was expected that the project … would contribute to the development of the tourism industry and the creation … of more job opportunities and the economic and social development of Egypt. He … said that the new loan is bigger than the first one and would provide more … facilities. ¬ 2145 ¬ 2146 ¬ 2147 Târiq Tawfîq, supervisor-general of the GEM, said the loan was important … because it guaranteed the completion of the GEM and its soft opening at the … end of 2017 as well as the official opening in 2018. ¬ 2148 He said the loan was giving GEM employees a strong push to redouble their … efforts to meet the scheduled deadline. The government was repaying the first … loan, he said, which was one of the reasons the Japanese government had agreed … to the second one. (Nevine El-Aref, “Work on the GEM continues”, Al-Ahram … Weekly, October 27, 2016. Voir également Ahmad Gûda, « Le ministre de … l’Archéologie signe un protocole avec la JICA pour l’achèvement du GEM », /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 150/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2148… al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 24 octobre ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « 460 millions de dollars du … Japon pour achever le GEM », Sada al-Balad, 24 octobre ; Nevine El-Aref, “A … soft loan agreement signed today with JICA to speed up GEM construction work”, … Ahram Online, October 24 ; Muhammad ‘Abd al-Mu‘tî, « Don japonais de 460 … millions de dollars pour achever le GEM », al-Ahrâm, 25 octobre ; Ahmad … Mansûr, « Le directeur général de la JICA inspecte les travaux de restauration … de la deuxième barque de Chéops », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 3 novembre). ¬ 2149 ¬ 2150 The antiquities ministry has prohibited any future cooperation with The Ohio … Toledo Museum of Art for its “indecent” actions towards Egypt’s cultural … heritage, which “violates” the code of ethics of the international museums … committee. ¬ 2151 Earlier this month, Toledo Museum put on sale at Christie’s Auctions hall a … collection of 68 artefacts from its collection from Egypt and Cyprus. The … objects were sold late last week for $12 million. ¬ 2152 Sha‘bân ‘Abd al-Gawwâd, the Supervisor General of the Antiquities Repatriation … Department, told Ahram Online that the Ministry of Antiquities has prohibited … any cooperation or dealing with Toledo Museum or any of its staff because the … museum did not continue its international role as a cultural institution. ¬ 2153 He pointed out that discussions through diplomatic channels are at full swing … to stop the continuation of the sale and to recover the artefacts. Upon the … announcement of the sale, the ministry called the UNESCO and the International … Council of Museums (ICOM) as well as Egypt’s Embassy in the United States to … put a halt to the transaction. ¬ 2154 Former antiquities minister Zâhî Hawwâs is also set to send letters to UNESCO … and ICOM urging them to remove the Toledo Museum from the international … museums list. He would also send letters to all schools and institutions in … the United States to encourage children not to visit the museum because it … sells the world’s heritage. ¬ 2155 Hawwâs will also send these letters to a representative of Egypt’s National … Committee for Antiquities Repatriation. (Nevine El-Aref, “Egypt urges … sanctions on Toledo Museum of Art”, Ahram Online, October 31, 2016. Voir … également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie interdit … officiellement tout contact avec le Toledo Museum of Art », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, … 31 octobre). ¬ 2156 -¬ 2157 -¬ 2158 ¬ 2159 ¬ 2160 ¬ 2161 V – NOVEMBRE 2016 ¬ 2162 ¬ 2163 ¬ 2164 Prime Minister Shirîf Ismâ‘îl issued a ministerial decree to establish two … independent General Authorities for the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) and the … National Museum of Egyptian Civilization (NMEC) under the supervision of the … antiquities ministry. ¬ 2165 Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî said the decree states that every /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 151/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2165… authority would have its own board of trustees composed of a group of Egyptian … and prominent international public figures with experience in the field. ¬ 2166 Every board would draft the museum’s general policies, setting up a work … programme and managing the museum’s budget through studying the grants, … donations and gifts provided from international, regional and local parties, … within the articles of law and regulations that organise them. The board of … trustees, he added, would also appoint the museum director and his two … assistants. ¬ 2167 GEM’s Supervisor General Târiq Tawfîq described the decree as ideal because it … would facilitate administrative work in both museums as well as decrease its … bureaucracy. He went on to say that the board of trustees would push the work … forward to make the dream of both museums come true. (Nevine El-Aref, “Egypt’s … Grand Museum, National Museum of Egyptian Civilization to have separate … management”, Ahram Online, November 1, 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « … Décision du Conseil des ministres : le GEM et le NMEC deux entités … indépendantes », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 31 octobre). ¬ 2168 ¬ 2169 The Egyptian Museum is marking the 94th anniversary of the discovery of … Tutankhamun’s tomb by selecting four artefacts associated with the boy king to … be, collectively, the museum’s “piece of the month” for November. The items … will be on display on Friday at the entrance to the museum, to mark the … discovery of the tomb on 4 November 1922 by British archaeologist Howard … CARTER. ¬ 2170 Sabâh ‘Abd al-Râziq, the director-general of the museum, told Ahram Online … that November piece of the month was not selected this month through voting on … Facebook as usual but instead were selected directly from the collection. She … said the items selected included a statue of the king on the throne as a … child, wearing the red crown of Lower Egypt and carrying a flail and a heqa … sceptre. ¬ 2171 Another item is a wooden chest inlaid with ivory inscribed with Tutankhamun’s … name and titles on its lid, as well as with gilded glass carved in faience. … (Nevine El-Aref, “Egyptian Museum selects Tutankhamun artefacts for November … ‘piece of the month’”, Ahram Online, November 4, 2016). ¬ 2172 ¬ 2173 ¬ 2174 The engraved wall of the causeway ¬ 2175 During excavation work at Aswân’s Qubbat al-Hawâ necropolis, a British mission … from Birmingham University and the Egypt Exploration Society uncovered a … causeway leading to the tomb of Sarenput I, the first Middle Kingdom nomarch … of Aswân’s Elephantine Island. ¬ 2176 Mahmûd ‘Afîfî, head of the Ancient Egyptian Antiquities Department at the … Ministry of Antiquities, told Ahram Online that the newly discovered causeway … is considered the longest ever found on the western bank of the Nile in Aswân, … stretching for 133 metres to connect the tomb of Sarenput I to the Nile bank. ¬ 2177 ¬ 2178 ¬ 2179 ‘Afîfî explains that the causeway is decorated with engravings, the most … important of which are found on the eastern part of the ramp’s northern wall /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 152/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2179… and depict a group of men pulling a bull and presenting it as an offering to … Sarenput I after his death. ¬ 2180 Hânî Abû al-‘Azm, head of the central administration of Upper Egypt, told … Ahram Online that the mission has also unearthed a collection of clay … containers from a pit within the causeway, which archaeologists believe are … canopic jars used in mummification. ¬ 2181 Abû al-‘Azm said the containers will be studied, along with the organic … materials found inside, in an attempt to better understand the mummification … process. ¬ 2182 The mission’s field director Martin BOMMAS says he is very enthusiastic about … the discovery, describing it as “a wonderful success that could change the … original features of Qubbat al-Hawâ area.” ¬ 2183 BOMMAS asserted that the mission will start a comprehensive study on the ramp … in order to reveal more of its secrets, which may open up the opportunity to … comprehensively explore the Qubbat al-Hawâ area, which houses a collection of … tombs of high officials from the Old Kingdom and monarchs from the Middle … Kingdom. ¬ 2184 Sarenput I ruled Elephantine during the reign of King Senusret I of the 12th … dynasty. He held several other titles such as the overseer of the priests of … Satet and the overseer of foreign lands, among other positions. He was also … the king’s personal trading agent for goods from Nubia. His tomb is composed … of three rooms connected by hallways. ¬ 2185 The first two chambers hold colonnades, while the innermost chamber has a … niche that once housed a statue of the owner. The outer reliefs depict … Sarenput with some of his relatives and his dogs, while the surviving inner … paintings depict a scene of the owner with the god Khnum. (Nevine El-Aref, … “Causeway discovered in ancient Aswân tomb”, Ahram Online, November 8, 2016. … Voir également MENA, « Mise au jour de la chaussée montante ¬ 2186 Ier¬ 2187 de la tombe de Sarenpout , premier gouverneur d’Éléphantine », Sada al-Balad, … 8 novembre ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Découverte à Aswân de la chaussée montante de la … tombe de Sarenpout Ier », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 8 novembre ; Muhammad ‘Abd … al-Mu‘tî, « Mise au jour de la chaussée montante de la tombe de ¬ 2188 Ier¬ 2189 Sarenpout à Aswân », al-Ahrâm, novembre ; Nevine El-Aref, “New discoveries in … Upper Egypt”, Al-Ahram Weekly, November 24 ; Nasma Réda, « Découverte en série … », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 30 novembre). ¬ 2190 ¬ 2191 ¬ 2192 Le ministre de l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al.‘Inânî, a rencontré l’ambassadeur … des États-Unis au Caire, S.E. R. Stephen BEECRAFT, ainsi que le commissaire de … la mission archéologique américaine en Égypte, Thamoas H. GOLDBERGE. Cet … entretien vise à renforcer la coopération bilatérale dans le domaine … archéologique. À la suite de cet entretien, al-‘Inânî a annoncé le lancement … avec le côté américain, dans les semaines qui viennent, d’un projet de pompage … des eaux souterraines sous la nécropole de Kom al-Shuqâfa en Alexandrie, ainsi … que sous le temple de Kom Umbû à Aswân. (Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministre de … l’Archéologie reçoit l’ambassadeur américain au Caire », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 9 /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 153/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2192… novembre 2016. Voir également Hiba ‘Âdil, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie … reçoit l’ambassadeur américain et le commissaire de la mission archéologique … américaine en Égypte », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 9 novembre ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « … Le ministre de l’Archéologie examine avec l’ambassadeur américain au Caire la … coopération bilatérale », Sada al-Balad, 9 novembre). ¬ 2193 UNESCO has established a high level forum on museums, in keeping with the … body’s 2015 recommendations concerning the protection and promotion of museums … and collections, their diversity and their role in society. The forum’s … inaugural meeting will take place in Shenzhen, China from 9 to 12 November … 2016, according to a UNESCO press release. The event is co-organized with the … National Commission of People’s Republic of China to UNESCO, Shenzhen … Municipality, Zhi Zhen Art Museum and the State Administration for Cultural … Heritage (SACH) of China. ¬ 2194 ¬ 2195 ¬ 2196 Egypt’s Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî travelled on Wednesday to … attend the forum where he will deliver a speech on the role of Egyptian … museums in protecting national heritage and raising cultural awareness. ¬ 2197 UNESCO Director-General Irina BOKOVA will also attend the forum long with top … Chinese officials and general directors of museums worldwide. ¬ 2198 The forum will discuss issues concerning museums all over the globe, the press … release stated, particularly as in the past 40 years the number of museums in … the world has more than doubled. ¬ 2199 Recognizing that museums play important social, educational and economic … roles, Yâsmîn al-Shâzlî, General Supervisor of the International Organizations … Department at the Ministry of Antiquities said that the Forum’s international … panellists would discuss new museum sector trends and public policies. … Panellists will also discuss the protection of cultural property and … collections, ethical and technological standards in museums, and how to better … engage and benefit communities. ¬ 2200 The implementation of UNESCO’s 2015 recommendations will also be discussed, … along with ways to boost international cooperation between museums. (Nevine … El-Aref, “UNESCO High Level Forum On Museum opens”, Ahram Online, November 9, … 2016). ¬ 2201 ¬ 2202 En 1910, un ingénieur français, Jacques JONDOT, responsable des travaux … d’expansion du port occidental de la ville d’Alexandrie, découvre que sous les … eaux qui entourent le port se trouvent des constructions semblables aux quais … de la ville. Les découvertes d’antiquités sous-marines se suivent alors et la … création d’un département d’archéologie sous-marine relevant du ministère des … Antiquités est devenue une nécessité. ¬ 2203 « La création d’un département spécial relevant du ministère des Antiquités … qui soit responsable des activités sous-marines s’est concrétisée en 1996. Les … travaux de fouilles sous-marines étaient devenus trop importants dans les eaux … égyptiennes », souligne Muhammad Mustafa, directeur du département … d’archéologie sous-marine. Les plages des quartiers d’Abûqîr et les ports est … et ouest de la ville d’Alexandrie renferment un très grand nombre d’antiquités … sous-marines qui racontent l’histoire et les secrets de l’ancienne ville et /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 154/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2203… qui n’ont toujours pas été explorés intégralement. ¬ 2204 La ville d’Héraklion, encore nommée Thonis, située dans la baie d’Abûqîr à … l’est d’Alexandrie, est l’une des plus grandes découvertes sous-marines du … XXIe siècle. « En 1996, quand nous plongions avec l’expédition de l’Institut … Européen d’Archéologie Sous-Marine (IEASM), dirigé par l’archéologue français … Franck GODDIO, notre objectif était de trouver les navires de guerre de … Napoléon coulés par NELSON, dans la région en 1798. Mais pendant ces … recherches, nous avons fait l’incroyable découverte de la ville submergée … d’Héraklion, plongée sous les eaux depuis plus de 1 500 ans, et dont le port, … les rues et les infrastructures sont encore reconnaissables ». ¬ 2205 Cette ville s’est retrouvée sous les eaux à la suite d’une série de … tremblements de terre importants qui avaient fait effondrer l’ancienne ville … d’Alexandrie. Après des années de fouille, la mission a réussi à mettre au … jour de réels trésors. Parmi eux, on compte une statue colossale de la déesse … égyptienne Isis, une autre du dieu Hapi, ainsi que des centaines de petites … statues de différents dieux et des dizaines de sarcophages en excellent état. ¬ 2206 Un peu plus loin, « au pied de la citadelle mamelouke de Qâytbây et de l’île … de Pharos, se trouve un musée à ciel ouvert englouti sous les eaux », déclare … Ahmad Shukrî, plongeur travaillant pour le département des antiquités … sous-marines. « Nous avons découvert ici des dizaines de colonnes, … d’obélisques et quelques pièces exceptionnelles, comme un énorme colosse en … granit rouge provenant d’Aswân qui, entier, devrait mesurer treize mètres ; … une couronne hathorique, un sphinx portant le cartouche de Ramsès II ; un … obélisque dédié à Séti Ier; un très beau sphinx appartenant au pharaon … Psammétique II de la XXVIe dynastie, un buste d’une femme de l’époque … ptolémaïque... et d’innombrables blocs pesant de 50 à 75 tonnes qui … appartiennent probablement à un édifice monumental ». Jean-Yves EMPEREUR, … directeur du Centre d’Études Alexandrines (CEAlex) qui travaille sur l’ancien … phare d’Alexandrie, est quasiment certain que ces blocs appartiennent à … l’ancien phare. Celui-ci, considéré comme le plus haut bâtiment du monde (117 … m), a guidé les marins du monde entier du IIIe siècle av. J.-C. jusqu’au XIVe … siècle et avait été reconnu comme l’une des sept Merveilles du monde. ¬ 2207 ¬ 2208 ¬ 2209 Une seule plongée dans le site du port Est de la ville suffit pour découvrir … une partie du quartier royal de l’ancienne ville d’Alexandrie, comme la … résidence de la femme la plus fascinante de l’histoire égyptienne, Cléopâtre. … C’est là qu’elle a rencontré et séduit Jules CÉSAR, et c’est dans ces avenues, … aujourd’hui submergées, qu’elle s’est promenée au côté de Marc Antoine. Plus … de dix ports et des centaines d’éléments architecturaux gravés d’hiéroglyphes … ont été trouvés par les plongeurs dans le site. ¬ 2210 « Nous avons également découvert l’île de Kor, dans la région d’al-Ma‘mûra en … 1999. Sur cette île rocheuse qui s’étend sous l’eau tout au long de la plage, … les plongeurs ont découvert, pour la première fois, les restes d’une carrière … de pierre, quatre bassins utilisés comme fermes piscicoles, et encore les … restes d’une citerne datant de l’époque romaine », rappelle Shukrî. ¬ 2211 Plusieurs expéditions étrangères, surtout françaises, opèrent aujourd’hui … encore avec et sous la direction du département d’archéologie sous-marine /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 155/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2211… comme l’IEASM dirigé par le Franck GODDIO, le Centre d’Études Alexandrines … (CEAlex) dirigé par Jean Yves EMPEREUR, ou encore l’Expédition grecque dirigée … par Harry TZALAS. Cependant, depuis les années 1999, le ministère des … Antiquités a décidé de conserver les pièces de grandes tailles sous l’eau et … de remonter uniquement les petites pièces qui sont actuellement exposées soit … au Musée national, à la Bibliotheca Alexandrina, au Théâtre romain ou encore … entreposées dans les dépôts du ministère des Antiquités. (Samar Zarée, « 20 … années de recherches sous-marines », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 9 novembre 2016. Voir … également Hanân al-Masrî, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie a gaspillé des … millions de dollars offerts par la France pour les antiquités submergées », … al-Ahrâm, 8 novembre). ¬ 2212 ¬ 2213 The cover of the book ¬ 2214 Egypt’s antiquities ministry and the French Institute for Oriental Studies … (IFAO) launched a new book that highlights George LEGRAIN’s discovery of … Karnak Cachette under the title: "Karnak Cachette: New perspectives on the … discoveries of Georges LEGRAIN." ¬ 2215 al-Husayn ‘Abd al-Basîr, the general-director of the General Administration of … Scientific Publication, explained that the book is the result of fruitful … cooperation between the Ministry of Antiquities and the IFAO. The cooperation, … ‘Abd al-Basîr explained, helped highlight the excavation works carried out at … Karnak temples by the renowned French archaeologist Georges LEGRAIN, after one … hundred years of his discovery of Karnak Cachette and to pay tribute to his … diligent work at Thebes. ¬ 2216 The book has four parts: Part One analyses cachettes in Pharaonic Egypt, Part … Two deals with historical and archaeological approaches to the Karnak … Cachette, Part Three investigates the contribution of the Karnak Cachette to … Egyptian and art history, and Part Four goes into the Late Period statues of … Karnak Cachette and their function in the Karnak temples. ¬ 2217 The book ends with an index and English summaries of the contributions. … Twenty-four studies on the Karnak Cachette are included, written by … international scholars. The contributions, written in English, French, and … German, investigate objects found in this deposit, analyse the Cachette … itself, and shed light on other Egyptian cachettes. ¬ 2218 ¬ 2219 ¬ 2220 George LEGRAIN (1865-1917) started his work in Egypt as a member of the French … institute before being appointed by Jacques DE MORGAN as inspector of the … Service des Antiquités and then as director of the works at Karnak in 1895. ¬ 2221 LEGRAIN excavated the cachette between 1903 and 1907, leading to the discovery … of a very high number of artifacts, some of which are still unpublished. These … objects are of great significance for the religious life at Karnak and for the … history and art of ancient Egypt between the Middle Kingdom and the Ptolemaic … Period. ¬ 2222 The Karnak Cachette is really one of the major archaeological discoveries in … Egypt of the twentieth century. (Nevine El-Aref, “New book on discovery of … Egypt’s Karnak Cachette launched”, Ahram Online, November 9, 2016. Voir … également Ahmad Mansûr, « En coopération avec l’Ifao, le ministère de /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 156/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2222… l’Archéologie édite La cachette de Karnak », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 7 novembre ; … Hiba ‘Âdil, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie édite un nouveau volume de La … cachette de Karnak », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 7 novembre ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le … ministère de l’Archéologie édite un nouvel ouvrage sur La cachette de Karnak … », Sada al-Balad, 7 novembre). ¬ 2223 ¬ 2224 Ibrâhîm Darwîsh, premier directeur du département d’archéologie sous-marine ¬ 2225 3 questions à Ibrâhîm Darwîsh, premier directeur du département d'archéologie … sous-marine : ¬ 2226 Al-Ahram Hebdo : En tant que membre fondateur du département d’archéologie … sous-marine, comment décrivez-vous l’état du département aujourd’hui ? ¬ 2227 Ibrâhîm Darwîsh : À vrai dire, je ne suis pas très content de l’état actuel du … département. Quand nous avons créé ce département en 1996, nous n’étions que 5 … employés contre 25 membres aujourd’hui et pourtant nous travaillions mieux. À … cette époque nous possédions l’équipement le plus sophistiqué au monde. Cet … attirail avait coûté des millions de L.E., mais, à cette époque le ministère … des Antiquités était un ministère très riche. Aujourd’hui, la plupart de nos … outils ne fonctionnent plus à cause du manque de maintenance. Nous dépendons … du ministère des Finances et celui-ci nous donne actuellement cinq millions de … L.E. par an, une somme bien en dessous de nos besoins réels. ¬ 2228 — ¬ 2229 Combien de pièces le département a-t-il remonté des eaux depuis le début de … son activité ? ¬ 2230 ¬ 2231 — ¬ 2232 Le département a ressorti jusqu’à présent plus de 5 000 pièces de 25 sites … archéologiques situés le long des côtes égyptiennes sur la Méditerranée, la … mer Rouge ou sur le bord du Nil. En revanche 60 % de ces pièces que nous avons … découvertes proviennent des fonds marins dans la région d’Alexandrie. ¬ 2233 ¬ 2234 — ¬ 2235 Pensez-vous qu’il y ait encore beaucoup à découvrir ? ¬ 2236 ¬ 2237 — ¬ 2238 Absolument. Ce qui a été découvert jusqu’à présent ne représente que 2 % de … notre trésor archéologique sous-marin. Selon l’historien grec STRABON qui a … visité Alexandrie en l’an 25 av. J.-C., il existe plus de 35 villes submergées … par les eaux entre l’ouest d’Alexandrie et la province de Marsa Matrûh. (Samar … Zarée, « Ibrâhîm Darwîsh : Les pièces que nous avons ressorties des eaux ne … représentent que 2 % du trésor archéologique sous-marin », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 9 … novembre 2016). ¬ 2239 ¬ 2240 ¬ 2241 ¬ 2242 27 pièces de différentes dimensions figurent dans l’exposition Trésors … islamiques, qui se tient jusqu’au 19 novembre au Musée national de Suez. Les … pièces exposent l’évolution de la céramique. « Bien que l’art de la céramique … ait existé avant l’ère islamique, nous avons décidé de présenter des objets /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 157/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2242… appartenant à l’âge islamique. On préfère organiser les expositions … appartenant à une seule ère », souligne ‘Alâ’ ‘Abd al-‘Âtî, directeur du … musée. Pour lui, la période islamique est elle-même divisée en plusieurs … époques : fatimide, ayyoubide, mamelouke et ottomane en sont les plus … renommées. Chacune de ces périodes se distingue par ses caractéristiques … particulières du côté artistique. ¬ 2243 ¬ 2244 ¬ 2245 Les pièces exposées sont présentées dans uniquement trois vitrines dans la … salle principale du musée. Elles représentent 4 thèmes essentiels : la … poterie, les décorations botaniques, géométriques et calligraphiques ; les … décorations animales ; et enfin l’éclat métallique. Les pièces exposées … varient entre vases, bases d’assiettes, assiettes complètes, dalles … décoratives, lampes d’argile et des purifiés de jarres. La poterie y est … représentée par des lampes en argile. C’est la première étape de la … fabrication de la céramique. Cette industrie a vu sa prospérité avec l’époque … islamique. Le sculpteur a perfectionné les motifs décoratifs botaniques et … géométriques dont les plus répandus est l’étoile hexagone. ¬ 2246 « Le peintre musulman utilisait ces motifs pour couvrir le vide résultant de … sa scène botanique ou calligraphique », explique l’organisatrice de … l’exposition Rihâm Tâhir, inspectrice au musée de Suez. Quant aux décorations … animales, composantes du 3e thème, elles se trouvent sur les jarres. Sur … celles-ci, le visiteur peut voir trois scènes : celle de la chasse, des images … de poissons encerclés, et enfin celle des têtes animales accompagnées de … pattes entrecroisées. ¬ 2247 Selon Tâhir, le peintre musulman dessinait des formes animales modifiées parce … que la religion musulmane interdit la sculpture des créatures. Autre principe … religieux respecté dans les œuvres d’art fabriquées pendant cette période … c’est l’utilisation des métaux particuliers. Le musulman est défendu … d’utiliser les récipients, les assiettes et les verres en or ou en argent. Le … peintre a créé alors des assiettes en différents genres de métal et y ajoutait … des oxydes pour donner l’impression dorée ou argentée. Donc, le peintre créait … des œuvres tout en respectant ses cultes religieux. ¬ 2248 C’est le 4e thème représenté dans l’exposition. Cette dernière reflète aussi … les influences étrangères sur les artistes musulmans, ayant commencé surtout à … partir de l’époque ayyoubide et ayant atteint leur apogée avec le règne … mamelouk. Les influences chinoise et persane en sont les plus fortes. Là est … apparue la porcelaine blanche et bleue et bien sûr les célèbres assiettes … décorées, fortement utilisées lors de l’époque ottomane. On façonnait des … dalles pour orner les mosquées, les façades des maisons et les murs des … maisons. L’exposition renferme des exemplaires de ces dalles. ¬ 2249 En marge de l’exposition, le musée a organisé plusieurs activités. Une … conférence sur l’art islamique était animée par le professeur Sâmî ‘Abd … al-Malak. Une autre exposition de photos intitulée La Belle aux yeux de ses … fils a eu lieu. Cette dernière renferme 31 photos prises de divers lieux … renommés par les jeunes de Suez. Enfin, un atelier de fabrication de céramique … pour les enfants y est entamé. « Cette exposition invite et encourage encore … les jeunes à monter leur propre projet puisqu’elle explique avec simplicité /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 158/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2249… les différentes étapes de la fabrication de la céramique », conclut Tâhir. … (Doaa Elhami, « Suez l’islamique », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 9 novembre 2016. Voir … également Hasan Ghanîma, « Inauguration de l’exposition Suez vu par ses … enfants au musée national », Sada al-Balad, 20 octobre ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « Le … musée de Suez organise une exposition archéologique à l’occasion de la fête … nationale du gouvernorat », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 20 octobre ; Ahmad Mansûr, « … Inauguration d’une exposition sur les trésors islamiques dans le musée de Suez … », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 20 octobre). ¬ 2250 Le Musée égyptien du Caire célèbre, le mois de novembre, le 94e anniversaire … de la découverte de la tombe du jeune pharaon, Toutankhamon. Le musée expose à … l’entrée cinq pièces de la magnifique collection en or du jeune roi. « Le … musée a annulé en novembre le vote fait mensuellement sur l’exposition de la … pièce du mois et a décidé de présenter au public des œuvres différentes et … uniques de Toutankhamon », souligne Sabâh ‘Abd al-Râziq, directrice du musée. ¬ 2251 Les 5 pièces sont exposées dans une seule vitrine. Une des plus belles pièces … est un coffret en bois dont le couvercle est incrusté d’ébène et d’ivoire … coloré et sur lequel est inscrit « Toutankhamon, souverain d’Héliopolis en … Haute-Égypte ». En fait, lors de la découverte de la tombe par l’égyptologue … anglais Howard CARTER, le 4 novembre 1922, ce coffret contenait des bijoux, … des insignes royaux, un miroir doré et des fragments en lin. ¬ 2252 ¬ 2253 ¬ 2254 La célébration de 94 ans de la découverte de la tombe intacte du roi enfant … est parallèle à la fête nationale du gouvernorat de Louqsor où sont tenues … d’autres festivités. (Nasma Réda, « Le roi enfant accueille les visiteurs du … Musée du Caire », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 9 novembre 2016). ¬ 2255 La construction d’un musée sous-marin est un rêve et un besoin urgent, afin de … ressortir les antiquités sous-marines englouties. Aujourd’hui, le Centre des … activités sous-marines a arrêté le repêchage des antiquités et complète … seulement les travaux de documentation et d’inventaire à cause de … l’entassement des dépôts du ministère des Antiquités ainsi que les musées. ¬ 2256 « Bien que les études du projet du musée sous-marin existent et aient été … confiés au célèbre architecte français Jacques ROUGERIE, qui a notamment … travaillé pour l’Océanopolis de Brest (qui est un centre de culture … scientifique consacré aux océans), le projet n’a pas avancé », souligne Ahmad … ‘Abd al-Fattâh, ancien directeur du Musée gréco-romain et conseiller actuel … auprès du ministère des Antiquités. ¬ 2257 Les travaux auraient dû commencer en 2010 et durer deux ans et demi. Ils ont … été remis à 2011, puis à 2012, puis tout s’est arrêté. « Le but de ce projet … n’est pas seulement de créer une nouvelle attraction pour les visiteurs … d’Alexandrie et les touristes, mais encore de mettre en scène les trésors … engloutis de l’Égypte et de fournir une opportunité aux visiteurs d’admirer … les restes du phare d’Alexandrie, l’une des sept Merveilles du monde, … ensevelis sous les eaux, ainsi que la cour royale du palais de la reine … Cléopâtre, dont plus de 60 pièces ont survécu, y compris un sphinx avec les … autres vestiges de l’ancienne ville d’Alexandrie », ajoute ‘Abd al-Fattâh. ¬ 2258 Ce projet vise également à protéger les trésors contre la pollution dans la … baie, et contre les dommages causés par les ancres des bateaux de pêche. ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 159/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2259 L’ancien port oriental d’Alexandrie, situé en face de la Bibliotheca … Alexandrina, est l’emplacement qui a été choisi pour le musée sous-marin, et … une adjudication mondiale devrait être faite pour choisir la société qui va … financer le projet. « Nous avons déjà plusieurs offres, la Chine s’est … intéressée à ce projet. Jusqu’à présent, il n’y a pas de forte volonté de la … part des responsables en plus du manque de financement pour l’étude de … faisabilité que doit faire le ministère lui-même », conclut ‘Abd al-Fattâh. … (Samar Zarée, « Le musée sous-marin, pour quand ? », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 9 … novembre 2016. Voir également Hanân al-Masrî, « Le musée d’archéologie … sous-marine tiraillée entre le port Est et la citadelle de Qâytbây », … al-Ahrâm, 7 novembre). ¬ 2260 ¬ 2261 At the entrance of the ancient Fayyûm village of Karânîs, today’s Kom Ûshîm … stands the two-storey edifice of the Kom Ûshîm Museum with its modern … architecture and iron gate welcoming visitors. ¬ 2262 Earlier this week, Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî reopened the … Museum after ten years of closure, describing it as important for two main … reasons. A new tourist attraction was being added to Fayyûm and preserved for … future generations, he said, and an entire neighbourhood revived and upgraded. ¬ 2263 He announced that the museum would be open to the public for free over the … next ten days and that the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr Square in Cairo would be … open in the evenings as part of a message to the world that Egypt was a safe … travel destination. ¬ 2264 The Kom Ûshîm Museum was originally built at the entrance of Karânîs in 1974 … to illustrate the history of Fayyûm as well as the daily life and funerary … practices of its ancient inhabitants from the prehistoric to the Islamic … period. ¬ 2265 The museum was originally a single storey building, but in 1993 a new floor … was added. In 2006, it was closed for restoration. ¬ 2266 “At the time of its closure in 2006, the museum was in a bad condition and was … in need of restoration,” Wa‘d Allah Abû al-‘Ilâ, head of the ministry’s … Projects Department, told Al-Ahram Weekly. ¬ 2267 He said the restoration project had cost LE650,000 and included the … installation of new security and lighting systems, the replacement of old … showcases, the extension of the museum’s external iron fence, and the building … of new control towers. The museum’s facade and walls were also polished. ¬ 2268 ¬ 2269 ¬ 2270 Ilhâm Salâh, head of the Museums Department at the Ministry, said the museum … now exhibits not only its previous collection but also other artefacts that … were stored in Fayyûm stores or on show at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. ¬ 2271 The Museum now had some 320 artefacts on display, she said, adding that Middle … Kingdom objects from the Hawwâra site, known in ancient times as Kîmân Fâris … and located about nine km from Fayyûm, were now on show. ¬ 2272 These include a wooden model of a house and a funerary mask of a Late Period … woman. The colossal head of a Roman god from Karânîs and many items of … pottery, coins, amulets, scarabs and ushabti figurines found in Fayyûm are … also displayed. ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 160/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2273 The Museum also contains a collection of Fayyûm Portraits, personal portraits … painted on wood or linen, which covered the face of mummies towards the end of … the Graeco-Roman period. A limestone statue of the ancient Greek goddess of … love Aphrodite on a scallop shell is also on display, along with a collection … of glass vessels of different shapes and sizes. ¬ 2274 These vases were used as containers for oils and cosmetics. Clay burning … incenses and wooden painted sarcophagi are also on show, as well as reliefs … depicting handicrafts and other products. ¬ 2275 Coptic icons depicting the holy family and Jesus in his childhood with Joseph … are also on display, as well as a collection of gilded jewellery decorated … with semi-precious stones. ¬ 2276 Behind the Museum lies the Karânîs archaeological site, the largest … Graeco-Roman town in Fayyûm. It was founded as a military settlement by … Ptolemy II Philadelphus in the third century BCE and was originally inhabited … by mercenaries but flourished as a centre of agriculture and trade for more … than 700 years. ¬ 2277 At the time of its building, Karânîs would have been on the shores of Lake … Qârûn, with the houses arranged in clusters around the two main thoroughfares … running from north to south and ranging in style from simple mud brick … dwellings to more elaborate villas of top officials. ¬ 2278 Today, visitors can see the remnants of this once-bustling rural community, … including the foundations of mud-brick homes, courtyards, and the main avenues … that once ran through the town. The remains of millstones and olive presses … still lie on the ground, and there are six dovecotes in the ruins that are … similar to those seen in the Fayyûm today. ¬ 2279 Two stone temples from the Ptolemaic period remain standing, one of which … dates back to the first century BCE and is dedicated to the crocodile god … Sobek. ¬ 2280 Karânîs was one of the first Graeco-Roman sites ever to be excavated in Egypt, … and it has produced important evidence for what daily life might have been … like for the average Egyptian living under Greek, and subsequently Roman, … rule. ¬ 2281 Mahmûd ‘Afîfî, head of the Ancient Egyptian Antiquities Department at the … ministry, said that the excavation of Karânîs started in 1895 under the … direction of British archaeologists Bernard Pyne GRENFELL and Arthur Surridge … HUNT. The excavation work continued in 1925 under the direction of the … University of Michigan, the first to realise the potential of the study of … Graeco-Roman sites in Egypt. ¬ 2282 The town has provided valuable information on everyday life, religious cults, … administration and industries during the Graeco-Roman period. A collection of … papyri and documents were found in very good condition, and this has the … special significance of being able to be read in context with the architecture … and artefacts of the town. ¬ 2283 The Michigan team found five datable levels of stratigraphy during excavations … of the three main areas covered. The site has since been excavated by a team … from Cairo University and more recently by the French Institute of Oriental … Archaeology (Ifao). ¬ 2284 Fayyûm has been an important cultural centre since the fifth millennium BCE, /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 161/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2284… and it was occupied by two successive civilisations during the Neolithic era … when people lived in huts or simple structures of wood, mats and twigs. ¬ 2285 The remains of cooking fires have been found around the residential sites and … in the middle of small huts. Rounded grain silos have been found buried in … higher areas. ¬ 2286 The inhabitants of Fayyûm worked in jewellery production, animal husbandry and … basketry. They made sophisticated stone tools like arrowheads and knives, as … well as various types of pottery. They used various cosmetic materials and … tools, and a lot of simple shaped palettes used to grind cosmetic materials … have also been found. ¬ 2287 ¬ 2288 ¬ 2289 Large quantities of fish bones have been found in the housing site, indicating … fishing. The attractive nature of Fayyûm also influenced the population, which … used to hunt hippopotamus, antelopes, crocodiles, elephants and deer and … domesticated sheep, cows and dogs. (Nevine El-Aref, “Openings in Fayyûm”, … Al-Ahram Weekly, November 10, 2016. Voir également ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « La … restauration et le réaménagement du musée de Kom Ûshîm ont coûté 650 000 L.E. … », Sada al-Balad, 3 novembre ; Nasma Réda, « Kom Ûshîm enfin inauguré », … Al-Ahram Hebdo du 16 novembre). ¬ 2290 The Upper Egyptian city of Luxor, the world’s largest open-air museum of … ancient Egyptian civilisation, is in the limelight again. Not only has it been … selected by the United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) as 2016 … World Tourism Capital, but it is also hosting a feast of heritage events, … reports Nevine El-Aref. ¬ 2291 Luxor was the stage for numerous celebrations this week. On 4 November, the … city celebrated the 94th anniversary of the discovery of the tomb of the boy … king Tutankhamun by welcoming visitors who had obtained the newly launched … “Luxor Pass.” ¬ 2292 The Pass allows entry to all the archaeological sites and museums in Luxor and … is available at the Tourism Information Centre adjacent to the city’s railway … station and at the Misr Public Library on the west side of the Avenue of the … Sphinxes. ¬ 2293 The pass costs $200 for foreigners and $100 for students if it includes the … Nefertari and Seti I Tombs. Without the Tombs, it costs $100 for foreigners … and $50 for students. ¬ 2294 “The pass is important because it helps promote tourism and facilitate … itineraries for tourists during their stay in Luxor by providing a single pass … for all sites and museums,” said Mustafa al-Saghîr of the Ministry of … Antiquities technical office. ¬ 2295 The ministry has also launched an annual pass for all archaeological sites and … museums in Egypt for Egyptians, Arabs and foreigners resident in Egypt. ¬ 2296 “The Luxor Pass has been very useful,” commented Jane DE CARNILLE, a French … visitor who had come to Luxor to attend the 104th session of the UNWTO … Executive Council. She said that during her three-day stay in Luxor she had … been able to visit the majority of the city’s monuments. “I was able to visit … the Seti I Tomb twice with the Luxor Pass as I did not have time to see … everything in one visit,” DE CARNILLE told the Weekly. ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 162/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2297 At the Luxor Museum, French and Egyptian archaeologists and media figures also … gathered for the inauguration of an exhibition marking the 25th anniversary of … Franco-Egyptian cooperation at the Ramesseum this week. ¬ 2298 Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî, Luxor governor Muhammad Badr and … French Ambassador to Egypt André PARANT inaugurated the exhibition which puts … on show a collection of 22 artefacts unearthed during excavation work carried … out at Ramses II’s mortuary temple called the Ramesseum. ¬ 2299 al-‘Inânî described the exhibition as “befitting the long history of cultural … and archaeological cooperation between Egypt and France.” He said the objects … on show had been carefully selected from the finds of the mission and kept in … storage since their discovery in order to highlight 25 years of work at the … Ramesseum. ¬ 2300 During the opening ceremony, al-‘Inânî honoured the French and Egyptian … archaeologists and restorers for their devotion over the last 25 years in … excavating and restoring one of Egypt’s most distinguished monuments. ¬ 2301 “I am delighted that we are celebrating together both the achievements of the … past and the future successful archaeological relationship between Egypt and … France,” al.‘Inânî told the attendees, expressing his gratitude to … archaeologist Christian LEBLANC, the mission’s field director, for his work at … the Ramesseum. ¬ 2302 LEBLANC said it had been difficult to select only 22 objects to relate the … long history of the Ramesseum because many discoveries had been made and the … long chronology of the temple started at the beginning of Ramses II’s reign … who had built his mortuary temple as the “mansion of a million years.” ¬ 2303 ¬ 2304 ¬ 2305 Some of the objects highlighted the period before the construction of the … temple, he said, being funerary items from the necropolis of the Late Period … and the beginning of the New Kingdom. Other objects were from artisan … structures that occupied a part of the area during the 18th Dynasty. ¬ 2306 Artefacts unearthed in the area where the kitchens, silos, bakeries and … workshops were located are also on show, as well as those found on the … processional pathways that surrounded the building on three sides. Objects … from the beginning of the Third Intermediate Period after the desecration and … abandonment of the temple are also on display. ¬ 2307 Hishâm al-Laythî, director of the Ancient Egypt Documentation Centre in Luxor, … told the Weekly that among the items on show was a necklace with ten scarabs … found in front of the Ramesseum in 2002. The necklace was unearthed in the … tomb of a teenager from the Second Intermediate Period and is composed of ten … scarabs, three scaraboides and a small tubular silver clasp. ¬ 2308 A terracotta bed with concubine and a cat playing the lute are other items on … show, found in the east chamber of the tomb. A collection of ostraca showing … hieroglyphic writing practices and sculpture exercises are also on show, along … with canopic jars with animals and bird-shaped lids. (Nevine El-Aref, … “Cultural feast in Luxor”, Al-Ahram Weekly, November 10, 2016. Voir également … Hiba ‘Âdil, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie baisse les tarifs d’entrée dans … les tombes de Séthi Ier et de ¬ 2309 1er¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 163/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2310 Néfertari », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, novembre ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Ouverture des … tombes de Séthi Ier et de Néfertari », Sada al-Balad, 1er novembre ; Basma … Ragab, « Le CSA baisse de 25 % le montant du passe en dollar donnant accès aux … monuments de Louqsor », al-Badîl, ¬ 2311 1er ¬ 2312 novembre ; Doaa Elhami, « 25 ans de coopération archéologique », Al-Ahram … Hebdo du 23 novembre). ¬ 2313 I went to Aswân recently to make a TV programme that I am introducing for the … first time in Arabic called “The One Who Reveals Secrets” that focuses on the … past and how it is connected to contemporary Egypt. ¬ 2314 For example, if I talk about gold, I introduce this subject through scenes of … gold working shown in ancient tombs from the Old Kingdom onwards. Gold … smithing was an amazing industry at this time. We even have the text of a … letter written by the king of the Hittites to the pharaoh Amenhotep III … requesting that he send him gold because the “gold in your country is like … dust”. ¬ 2315 The second part of the programme shows how the ancient world is connected with … the present. Jewellery designer ‘Azza Fahmî was interviewed to show her … brilliance in this domain, for example. I believe that ‘Abd al-Latîf … al-Manawî, the head of the TV channel concerned, made a great decision when he … decided to produce this show and convinced me to become involved. Sandro … VANNINI, the director, has finished 16 episodes, and season one is to be shown … in September. ¬ 2316 In Aswân I also saw the impressive work of young archaeologists when I was … filming for the show, including Nasrî Salâm, director of Aswân Antiquities, … and ‘Abd al-Mun‘im Sa‘îd, director of Kom Ombo. I went to the Cataract Hotel … to see the building that hosted the famous Ramadan series “Grand Hotel” and … looked at the photographs on the first and second floors of the many famous … people who have visited this unique Hotel. I saw photographs of my late friend … ‘Umar al-Sharîf and others, and I was surprised and happy to see my own … photograph on the second floor. ¬ 2317 My dear friend Mustafa al-Fiqî, a famous thinker and politician, once said to … me that “the best moment in life is to sit on the balcony of the Old Cataract … Hotel and gaze out at the First Cataract of the Nile. This is a moment you … cannot experience in any other place in the world.” ¬ 2318 Aswân is one of the most important cities in Egypt. It marked the border of … Egypt during the Old Kingdom at the First Cataract of the Nile. Visitors to … the city today can see the tombs of the governors of Aswân that date back to … the Old and Middle Kingdoms. ¬ 2319 One of these is the tomb of Harkhouf, a governor of Aswân in the 6th Dynasty … about 4,200 years ago. Harkhouf went on a journey to Nubia during the reign of … the pharaoh Pepi II, the last of the 6th Dynasty rulers, who ruled Egypt from … the time he was a young boy of eight years old until he was more than 90. ¬ 2320 Harkhouf sent a letter to Pepi II telling him he was returning with incense, … ebony, and many other beautiful and rare things to add to the wealth of Egypt. … The young pharaoh did not care about the things the expedition was bringing … back to increase Egypt’s wealth, however. He cared more about a pygmy Harkhouf … was also bringing with him. Pepi II sent a remarkable letter to the governor /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 164/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2320… instructing him to “watch the pygmy because he might jump from his tent into … the water” of the Nile. ¬ 2321 ¬ 2322 ¬ 2323 In ancient Egypt, there were two types of dwarfs. The first type was not from … Egypt but from Punt and Yemen in the south. The ancient Egyptians called these … individuals dng. They were short, but they did not have any deformations in … their bodies. The second type of dwarf came from Egypt and was called nmiw. As … well as being short, these had deformations in their shoulders and legs. ¬ 2324 However, they could play important roles in government, and the famous dwarf … Seneb, whose statue is displayed in the Egyptian Museum, was the tutor of the … pharaoh’s children. West of the Great Pyramid of Khufu in Gîza, I discovered … the tomb of another dwarf called Per-ni-ankhu who is believed to be the father … of Seneb. ¬ 2325 Aswân is one of the most romantic places in Egypt. The story of the goddess … Isis and her love for the gods Osiris and Horus is represented in the Temple … of Philae in Aswân. The Nubian Museum in Aswân recounts the history of Nubia … from the prehistoric period to modern times. The Museum won the Aga Khan Prize … for Architecture shortly after it was built. It is also one of the best … museums in Egypt in terms of its display of artifacts. ¬ 2326 The Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA) did important work on the island that … contains the relocated Temple of Kalâbsha. It also rebuilt the Temple of Girf … Husayn, saved during the UNESCO campaign to save the monuments of the area … during the building of the Aswân High Dam in the 1960s, and it restored the … Temple of Bayt al-Wâlî. ¬ 2327 Aswân is a beautiful destination not only for tourists, but also for scholars, … because of the special light on the island that hosts the temples. I believe … that if someone visits this island before sunset and stays to see it as the … sun disappears over the horizon, he or she will never forget this incredible … moment. ¬ 2328 More surprising is the work now being done at the unfinished obelisk in Aswân. … It has been decided to develop the site management of the area. Some 100 cubic … metres of sand and stone have been removed, allowing some incredible … discoveries to be made. ¬ 2329 When I went to the east bank of the Nile at Aswân recently and climbed the … site I saw one of the most important excavations being carried out by the … German Archaeological Institute in the area. I love the Elephantine Island at … Aswân because it contains many important archaeological sites, such as the … subsidiary pyramid thought to belong to the pharaoh Huni, the last of the 3rd … Dynasty. It has been my dream to create a site management project for this … island and build a cafeteria and restaurant at the site to compete with the … Old Cataract Hotel and to renew the museum on the site. (Zâhî Hawwâs, “Aswân: … The unfinished obelisk”, Al-Ahram Weekly, November 10, 2016). ¬ 2330 ¬ 2331 ¬ 2332 The cartonage mummy inside the tomb ¬ 2333 During the ninth archaeological field season, which started in September, the … joint Spanish-Egyptian mission at the Temple of Millions of Years of Thutmose /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 165/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2333… III, at al-Dayr al-Baharî on Luxor’s west bank, stumbled upon the tomb of the … servant of the king’s house, Amenrenef. ¬ 2334 Mahmûd ‘Afîfî, head of the Ancient Egyptian Antiquities Department at the … Ministry of Antiquities told Ahram Online that the tomb was uncovered at the … southern enclosure wall of the temple and is in a very good state of … conservation. A deteriorated wooden coffin was found inside the tomb, he … continued, but inside a beautiful and well-preserved mummy cartonage was … found. ¬ 2335 ¬ 2336 ¬ 2337 Mission field director Egyptologist Myriam Seco ALVAREZ said that preliminary … study has determined the name and title of the occupant of the tomb, who was … the servant of the king’s house, Amenrenef. The tomb can thus be dated to the … “Third Intermediate Period” (1070-712 BC). ¬ 2338 ¬ 2339 The face of the cartonnage mummy ¬ 2340 ‘Afîfî said that in-depth study of the cartonage is to be undertaken very … soon. ¬ 2341 ALVAREZ said out that the cartonage includes its almost complete polychrome … painted decoration and inscriptions with some of the most characteristic … symbols and elements of the ancient Egyptian religion. ¬ 2342 Among these inscriptions are solar symbols, the protective goddesses Isis and … Nephthys with spread wings, hawks and the four sons of Horus, executed in … artisanal quality of the highest order. (Nevine El-Aref, “New discovery at … Thutmose III’s temple in Luxor”, Ahram Online, November 13, 2016. Voir … également Muhammad ‘Abd al-Mu‘tî, « Mise au jour d’une nouvelle tombe de … Thoutmosis III », al-Ahrâm, 14 novembre ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « La mission espagnole … réalise une nouvelle découverte à Louqsor », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 13 novembre ; … Nevine El-Aref, “New discoveries in Upper Egypt”, Al-Ahram Weekly, November 24 … ; Nasma Réda, « Découverte en série », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 30 novembre). ¬ 2343 ¬ 2344 Le ministre du Tourisme, Yahya Râshid, a annoncé la création d’une commission … mixte avec le ministère de l’Archéologie en vue de superviser le projet de … réaménagement du plateau de Gîza. Il s’agit d’un projet global qui englobe … divers aspects : propreté, sécurisation, aménagement des voies d’accès et … d’évacuation. Un accord avec l’Unesco permettra de doter le site d’une énergie … solaire pour la première fois de son histoire. (« Signature d’un protocole … avec l’Unesco pour doter les pyramides d’un éclairage solaire », al-Bashâyyir, … 14 novembre 2016). ¬ 2345 ¬ 2346 The Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr Square is buzzing with activity as a grand plan … is in the works to commemorate its 114th anniversary on Thursday. The museum … will hold a gala ceremony in its garden marking the occasion and to mark the … fact that starting this week, the museum will be open late into the evening … every Thursday and Sunday. ¬ 2347 In addition to its normal opening hours of 9am to 5pm, the museum will now be … open from 5:30pm to 9pm on those two days. ¬ 2348 Distinctive for its burnt-orange, neo-classical façade, the museum was built /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 166/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2348… in 1902. It is home to 150,000 of the nation’s most important artefacts, from … a long and unique span of Egypt’s history. ¬ 2349 Wa‘d Allah Abû al-‘Ilâ, the head of the Projects Department at the ministry, … told Ahram Online that installing the new lighting system inside and outside … the museum began in July in an attempt to expand the museum’s hours of … operation into the evening. ¬ 2350 He said the project will cost EGP 2 million, a fee the Ministry of Tourism has … offered to cover. The project includes the installation of new electric cables … as well as changing the lighting on paths both inside and outside the museum. ¬ 2351 The director-general of the museum, Sabâh ‘Abd al-Râziq, explained that to … celebrate the museum’s 114th birthday, a temporary exhibition is to be … inaugurated by Antiquities Minister Khâlid al-‘Inânî on Thursday. It includes … a collection of nine artefacts from the discoveries of the late Egyptologist … Silîm Hasan during his excavation works in Gîza and Saqqâra necropolis. ¬ 2352 ¬ 2353 ¬ 2354 A 3D hologram show of some of his unique discoveries is to be screened and … Reda folk dance group will perform. (Nevine El-Aref, “Egyptian Museum marks … 114th anniversary with new evening opening hours”, Ahram Online, November 16, … 2016. Voir également MENA, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie célèbre demain le … 114e anniversaire du Musée Égyptien », Sada al-Balad, 16 novembre). ¬ 2355 Après la vente par le Toledo Museum ofArt aux États-Unis de pièces … d'antiquitéségyptiennes, l'Égypte a suspendu toute coopération avec cette … institution. Explications de Sha‘bân ‘Abd al-Gawwâd, directeur général du … département des antiquités restituées : ¬ 2356 Al-Ahram Hebdo : Pourquoi le ministère des Antiquités a-t-il arrêté la … coopération avec le Toledo Museum of Art ? ¬ 2357 Sha‘bân ‘Abd al-Gawwâd : Lorsque l’Égypte a su que le musée en question a … décidé d’exposer à la vente des pièces de sa collection, dont quelques-unes … sont égyptiennes, le comité national de restitution des antiquités, présidé … par le ministre des Antiquités, Khâlid al-‘Inânî, s’est adressé à l’ambassade … américaine au Caire, à l’ambassade égyptienne aux États-Unis ainsi qu’à … l’Unesco et à l’International Council of Museums (ICOM) pour faire pression … sur le musée américain, et l’amener à arrêter la vente. Mais le musée a … poursuivi les procédures et a mis 33 pièces égyptiennes en vente les 23 et 25 … octobre dernier, dans l’une des plus grandes salles aux enchères. En réaction, … le ministère a suspendu toute communication avec ce musée, voire avec les … membres du personnel travaillant dans ce musée. ¬ 2358 — ¬ 2359 L’exposition en question ne comprenait-elle pas d’autres pièces : grecques, … italiennes, chypriotes et crétoises ? ¬ 2360 ¬ 2361 — ¬ 2362 Ce qui m’intéresse ce sont les pièces égyptiennes. La catastrophe est que la … loi américaine n’incrimine pas le commerce des antiquités. C’est pourquoi le … Toledo Museum of Art, sous prétexte de renouveler sa muséologie, a mis ces … pièces en vente aux enchères. ¬ 2363 ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 167/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2364 ¬ 2365 — ¬ 2366 Comment expliquer que des pièces égyptiennes fassent partie de la collection … de ce musée ? ¬ 2367 ¬ 2368 — ¬ 2369 Ces pièces sont sorties d’Égypte en 1910. À cette époque, sous l’occupation … britannique, ce commerce était légal dans le monde entier. Tous les musées … internationaux en ont profité, dont le Toledo Museum of Art. ¬ 2370 ¬ 2371 — ¬ 2372 Quelles seront les conséquences de la décision du ministère de suspendre sa … coopération avec ce musée ? ¬ 2373 ¬ 2374 — ¬ 2375 La décision des autorités égyptiennes est un message adressé au monde entier. … Le ministère égyptien des Antiquités interrompra les liens avec tout musée, … université, ou institution qui vendrait des pièces d’antiquités égyptiennes. … Les conventions scientifiques (fouilles, études, restaurations, muséologie) … seront stoppées. Il n’y aura pas, bien entendu, de publications scientifiques. … Le Toledo Museum of Art a ainsi perdu sa réputation. Au lieu d’être une … institution non lucrative, le musée s’adonne au commerce et vend des biens … culturels représentatifs de la civilisation mondiale, voire le patrimoine … humain. Ce qui donne une image très négative du musée. ¬ 2376 ¬ 2377 — ¬ 2378 Le cas du Toledo Museum of Art n’est pas le premier de son genre. Le musée … anglais de Southampton, lui aussi, avait vendu la statue de Sekhemka. Pourquoi … l’Égypte n’a-t-elle pas pris les mêmes mesures à l’encontre de ce dernier ? ¬ 2379 ¬ 2380 — ¬ 2381 L’ICOM a déjà pris une mesure importante contre le musée anglais en bloquant … son financement. La somme provenant de la vente de la statue égyptienne ne … couvrira les frais de fonctionnement du musée que pendant 3 ans tout au plus. … Après, le musée sera contraint de fermer ses portes faute de financement. Il … faut prendre en considération que les musées connus ne vendent jamais leurs … collections. Seuls les petits musées le font à cause des crises financières. … La légalité du Toledo Museum of Art est aujourd’hui compromise. (Doaa Elhami, … « Sha‘bân ‘Abd al-Gawwâd : Nous avons voulu adresser un message au monde … entier », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 16 novembre 2016). ¬ 2382 ¬ 2383 ¬ 2384 ¬ 2385 ¬ 2386 ¬ 2387 The Oxford Union hosted a debate on Tuesday at The University of Oxford on the … repatriation of Arab artefacts acquired under colonial rule, which are now on … display in European and American museums. ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 168/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2388 The prestigious debate society invited students to observe the debate, ask … questions, argue their own opinions, and vote for a winner at the end. ¬ 2389 On one side of the stage, were those arguing for the return of artefacts to … their countries of origin. Speakers on this side included directors of major … European museums, including former director of the Voorlinden, Wim PIJBES, and … Zâhî Hawwâs, former Egyptian minister of antiquities and director of … excavations at Gîza, Saqqâra, Bahariyya Oasis and Valley of the Kings. ¬ 2390 The side opposing repatriation included speakers James CUNO, President and CEO … of J Paul Getty Trust, and Dr Sabine HAAG, General Director of the … Kunsthistorisches Museum, the Austrian Museum of Ethnology and the Austrian … Theatre Museum. ¬ 2391 Hawwâs told Ahram Online that those in favour of keeping Arab artefacts housed … abroad cited state-of-the-art display capabilities and high-tech security and … lighting systems at Western museums — advantages with which local museums … simply cannot compete. ¬ 2392 The opponents of repatriation also argued that the restoration work being done … in international museums is of higher quality, pointing to incorrect methods … recently used to restore the Tutankhamun mask at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. ¬ 2393 A Sudanese student at The University of Oxford defended keeping artefacts … abroad, asserting that officials in her own country do not care enough to … adequately protect Sudanese artefacts and monuments — the majority of which … have been smuggled out the country. ¬ 2394 Those supporting the repatriation of artefacts obtained in foreign counties … during colonial rule was led by Hawwâs. The former minister of antiquities … noted that 70 per cent of the artefacts on display at international museums … left Egypt legally when the country observed a law that enabled foreign … archaeological missions to divide artefacts from their discoveries with Egypt. … He added that Egyptian artefacts were legally put on sale at the Egyptian … Museum in Tahrîr until the issuing of law 117 in 1983, which prohibited such … activity. ¬ 2395 During the debate, Hawwâs argued that 30 per cent of the artefacts on display … at international museums were illegally smuggled out of Egypt and other Arab … countries. The most notable of these are the bust of Queen Nefertiti, which is … now on display at the Egyptian Museum in Berlin and the Rosetta Stone, now on … display at the British Museum in London. ¬ 2396 “During my tenure as secretary-general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, … I asked for the return of both artefacts, because the Nefertiti bust travelled … to Germany in 1913 illegally. I presented all the evidence that confirms its … illegal smuggling,” Hawwâs told Ahram Online, adding that the same applies to … the Rosetta stone which was taken by the French when they invaded Egypt and … given to the British. ¬ 2397 Hawwâs argued that Egypt has some of the best museums, which exceed many in … Europe and the U.S., such as the Nubia Museum in Aswân, the Crocodile Museum … in Kom Ombo, the National Museum of Egyptian Civilisation in Fustât and the … Grand Egyptian Museum overlooking the Gîza plateau, currently under … construction. ¬ 2398 On concerns over inferior restoration, Hawwâs described the issue as “an … international phenomenon that is not limited to Egypt and Arab countries.” /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 169/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2398… Botched restoration, he asserted, has happened in museums in Athens and … Belgium, where an important mummy was completely destroyed. ¬ 2399 During the debate, Hawwâs also criticised the policy some European and … American museums, which are continuing to display artefacts that were … illegally smuggled out of their homelands, before being bought and sold by … antiquities dealers. ¬ 2400 He referenced a case from a few years ago in which the Louvre bought four wall … reliefs, which were stolen from a tomb in Luxor. Hawwâs said that he … prohibited the Louvre archaeological mission from excavating in Saqqâra until … the reliefs were returned to Egyptian custody. ¬ 2401 ¬ 2402 ¬ 2403 At the end of the debate, students voted on which side presented the better … argument. Hawwâs and those in favour of repatriation won 165 to 106. (Nevine … El-Aref, “Oxford Union hosts debate on repatriation of Arab antiquities … acquired during colonial rule”, Ahram Online, November 17, 2016. Voir … également Zâhî Hawwâs, « Surprise : The University of Oxford soutient la … restitution des antiquités », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 5 décembre). ¬ 2404 ¬ 2405 ¬ 2406 The Kom al-Shuqâfa catacombs ¬ 2407 The Ministry of Antiquities has announced that the Kom al-Shuqâfa catacombs in … Alexandria are safe and have not been submerged in water, as published in some … news reports and on social media. ¬ 2408 In the statement, head of the Central Administration for Maintenance and … Restoration Gharîb Sunbul described the social media accounts as “lies and … unfounded claims.” ¬ 2409 Sunbul said that the catacombs are unharmed, and that water machines installed … in the surrounding area are working efficiently and reduce the subterranean … water level to protect the site from flooding. ¬ 2410 He added that nothing has damaged the wall paintings of the main tomb. The … only thing to have fallen was some two cm-thick mortar from restoration … carried out in the 1980s, which doesn’t threaten the catacomb or its walls. ¬ 2411 “All the wall paintings and reliefs are in very good condition and have not … collapsed, as some have claimed,” Sunbul told Ahram Online. ¬ 2412 The United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Sunbul said, … has undertaken studies on a comprehensive project to reduce and control the … subterranean water level in the area. He said the project will bid for … approval in early December. (Nevine El-Aref, “Kom al-Shuqâfa catacombs in good … condition, no flooding: Ministry”, Ahram Online, November 21, 2016. Voir … également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie nie la détérioration … des peintures de Kom al-Shuqâfa », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 21 novembre ; MENA, « Le … ministère de l’Archéologie dément la détérioration des catacombes de Kom … al-Shuqâfa en Alexandrie », Sada al-Balad, 21 novembre ; Muhammad ‘Abd … al-Mu‘tî, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie : Lancement le mois prochain du … projet de pompage des eaux souterraines à Kom al-Shuqâfa », al-Ahrâm, 22 … novembre). ¬ 2413 ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 170/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2414 Lors de sa dernière réunion, présidée par le secrétaire général du CSA, Dr … Mustafa Amîn, le Comité permanent des antiquités égyptiennes a approuvé la … demande déposée par le Centre d’Études Alexandrines (CEAlex) pour poursuivre … ses travaux à Gabal Bahîg en Alexandrie, jusqu’au 31 août 2017. Les activités … de la mission française englobent des relevés topographiques, des fouilles … géophysiques, des sondages géomorphologiques, ainsi que le transfert des … échantillons archéologiques pour analyse. (Ahmad Mansûr, « Le Comité permanent … autorise la mission du CEAlex à poursuivre ses travaux en Alexandrie », … al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 22 novembre 2016). ¬ 2415 ¬ 2416 Depuis plus de vingt ans, des équipes franco-égyptiennes travaillent main dans … la main pour mettre au jour et restaurer le patrimoine exceptionnel de la rive … ouest de Thèbes. Des efforts récompensés par de nombreuses découvertes. Focus. ¬ 2417 Les travaux, conduits par le CNRS, l’Association pour la Sauvegarde du … Ramesseum (ASR) et le Centre d’Études et de Documentation sur l’Ancienne … Égypte (CEDAE/ministère des Antiquités), sont le résultat d’une longue … collaboration entre spécialistes égyptiens et français qui, après avoir œuvré … conjointement dans la vallée des Reines, ont concentré leurs efforts sur le … Ramesseum en 1991. Les équipes ont procédé à des fouilles, mais aussi à des … travaux de restauration, de conservation et de revalorisation du patrimoine. ¬ 2418 ¬ 2419 ¬ 2420 ¬ 2421 Le Ramesseum et le temple d’Amenhotep III vus d’une montgolfière. (Photo : … Mission archéologique franco-égyptienne) ¬ 2422 Des quartiers entiers du temple, méconnus jusque-là, ont pu être explorés et … identifiés, comme le rappelle Christian LEBLANC, directeur de la mission … archéologique franco-égyptienne du Ramesseum. « Nous avons eu la chance de … pouvoir accéder à une grande partie des annexes du Ramesseum, mais encore … fallait-il identifier à quoi servaient tous ces secteurs. Grâce à de … minutieuses fouilles effectuées pendant plus de deux décennies, nous avons pu … comprendre que l’ensemble de ses dépendances étaient des ateliers, des … cuisines et boulangeries, des intendances administratives et même une école. … L’ensemble de ces dépendances sont appelées aujourd’hui la maison de vie du … Ramesseum ». ¬ 2423 Tous ces bâtiments ont été non seulement restaurés mais aussi revalorisés. Les … relevés architecturaux et iconographiques du temple sont également presque … achevés. Peu à peu, le Ramesseum livre ses secrets et surtout permet de mieux … comprendre comment fonctionnaient les grandes institutions royales établies … sur la rive gauche de Thèbes. ¬ 2424 Plus récemment, la mission s’est intéressée à un secteur proche de la première … cour du temple. « Après avoir reconstitué le colosse de la reine Touy, la mère … de Ramsès II, dont plusieurs fragments gisaient sur le sol, une importante … fouille a été menée en vue de retrouver les vestiges du palais royal. … L’architecture de ce grand bâtiment, de près de 1 000 m2, était constituée … d’une vaste salle de réception puis d’une salle d’audience que le roi occupait … lors de ses passages au Ramesseum ». ¬ 2425 Ce palais de fonction était entouré de plusieurs annexes et d’un corridor qui /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 171/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2425… amenait à des appartements privés situés juste derrière le bâtiment principal. … « Cette zone ne peut malheureusement pas être explorée actuellement, car elle … a été investie par la population locale », explique le professeur LEBLANC. En … revanche, le palais royal, à proprement parler, sera bientôt restauré … intégralement. ¬ 2426 L’ensemble des fouilles menées dans tous les secteurs du temple a permis de … faire de grandes découvertes. Dans l’école mise au jour, un nombre … impressionnant d’ostraca ont été découverts, dont une majorité sont des … exercices scolaires. « Dans cette école, on apprenait aux élèves à lire et à … écrire, mais il y avait également des cours de dessin et de sculpture », … affirme le professeur LEBLANC. ¬ 2427 Le Ramesseum recèle aussi des originalités architecturales exceptionnelles, à … l’image de ces longues voies de processions bordées de statues monumentales … découvertes au fil des années. « Nos travaux ont permis de reconstituer l’une … de ces majestueuses voies que nous avons recomposée à l’aide des fragments … antiques retrouvés sur place », ajoute le professeur LEBLANC. ¬ 2428 Chaque année, des équipes égyptiennes et françaises, formées d’égyptologues, … d’archéologues, d’architectes, de topographes, d’anthropologues, de chimistes … et de bien d’autres spécialistes se réunissent pour travailler pendant … quelques mois sur le site. La mission permet également aux jeunes … universitaires français et égyptiens de venir faire des stages sur le terrain, … afin de parfaire leur formation. (Doaa Elhami, « Une collaboration exemplaire … », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 23 novembre 2016. Voir également ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le … ministre de l’Archéologie et l’ambassadeur de France visitent la rive ouest de … Louqsor », Sada al-Balad, 4 novembre). ¬ 2429 The Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr square achieved revenues of EGP 3m in October, … according to the general supervisor of the museum Sabâh ‘Abd al-Râziq. ¬ 2430 She said that the number of Arabs, foreigners, and Egyptians who visited the … Egyptian Museum last month reached 40,000. The number of foreigners and … Egyptians who visited the Egyptian Museum in November increased by 40% … compared to recent months. ¬ 2431 ‘Abd al-Râziq predicted that the opening of the Egyptian Museum for evening … visitations would increase the number of visitors which will contribute to … maximising revenues. ¬ 2432 ¬ 2433 ¬ 2434 ¬ 2435 The Supreme Council of Antiquities has decided to open the Egyptian Museum for … visitors in the evening from 5:30pm to 9pm on Sundays and Thursdays for an … entire year. ¬ 2436 The museum received 66 visitors during the evening opening, including 50 … Egyptians and 16 foreigners. ¬ 2437 The museum’s entrance fees at night, endorsed by the Supreme Council of … Antiquities, cost EGP 120 for foreigners, EGP 60 for foreign students, EGP 20 … for Egyptians and Arabs, and EGP 10 for Egyptian students. ¬ 2438 The ministry announced that the visiting fees for the two mummy halls in the … evening is EGP 150 for foreigners, EGP 75 for foreign students, EGP 60 for … Egyptian and Arab visitors, and EGP 30 for Egyptian students. ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 172/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2439 The museum has developed its internal and external lighting system to receive … visitors in the evening, and intensified security procedures around the … museum, as well as increasing the number of surveillance cameras. ¬ 2440 The development of the lighting system included the installation of a number … of cables and increasing the number of internal and external lights. ¬ 2441 Alnasser Company took over the development of the lighting system inside the … museum at a cost of EGP 1.2m. The company won the tender issued by the … ministry in January, while Elsewedy Electric developed the external lighting … system of the museum and changed its cable lines at a cost of EGP 1m. (Basma … Ragab, “Egyptian Museum revenues amount to EGP 3m in October: general … supervisor”, Daily News Egypt, November 23, 2016). ¬ 2442 ¬ 2443 ¬ 2444 One of the tombs uncovered with a skeleton ¬ 2445 A necropolis and residential settlement were uncovered Tuesday in Abydos in … Suhâg, almost 400 kilometres south of the temple of the New Kingdom pharaoh … Seti I. The settlement and Early Dynastic Period necropolis were found during … excavation by an archaeological mission from the Ministry of Antiquities. ¬ 2446 Mahmûd ‘Afîfî, head of the Ancient Egyptian Antiquities Department at the … Ministry of Antiquities, said that the newly discovered site could belong to … high officials or architects responsible for the construction of the tombs and … funerary walls of the pharaohs of the First Dynasty. ¬ 2447 ‘Afîfî described the discovery as “very important” because it reveals new … information that could change archaeologist’s understanding of the history of … ancient Abydos. ¬ 2448 ¬ 2449 Remains of a hut uncovered ¬ 2450 Excavators also uncovered 15 large mud brick tombs of varying architectural … design. The surface area of each, ‘Afîfî said, could reach 70 metres — larger … than that of a First Dynasty royal tomb. “This size reflects the position of … the tombs’ owners — their importance and social level within the community of … that period,” ‘Afîfî told Ahram Online. ¬ 2451 He added that a group of mud brick huts were also discovered within the … settlement as well as a collection of artefacts from daily life, including the … remains of a large number of clay vessels and stone tools used in land … cultivation, which suggests that the huts could have belonged to workers … supplying the settlement with provisions. ¬ 2452 ¬ 2453 ¬ 2454 Yâsir Mahmûd, the mission’s field director, said that the uncovered tombs have … a unique architectural design and one or more mastaba ¬ 2455 — distinguished by flat roofs and sloping sides — known only for pharaohs from … the First and Third Dynasties at the Saqqâra Necropolis. “This new discovery … shows that the mastaba tombs were first used in Abydos for pharaohs from the … First Dynasty,” Mahmûd said. (Nevine El-Aref, “Necropolis discovered in Abydos … in the Upper Egypt’s governorate of Suhâg”, Ahram Online, November 24, 2016. … Voir également Hiba ‘Âdil, « Nouvelle découverte au sud du temple de Séthi Ier … à Abydos », al-Ahrâm al.‘Arabî, 23 novembre ; Nevine El-Aref, “New discoveries /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 173/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2455… in Upper Egypt”, Al-Ahram Weekly, November 24 ; Nasma Réda, « Découverte en … série », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 30 novembre). ¬ 2456 ¬ 2457 Last Thursday, oriental music filled the evening air around the Egyptian … Museum in Cairo’s Tahrîr Square while the night sky played host to laser beams … and trackers depicting Pharaonic patterns and hieroglyphic symbols projected … onto the Museum’s deep-orange neo.classical façade. The garden of the Museum … was converted into a large Pharaonic theatre furnished with a red carpet. ¬ 2458 At the invitation of Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî, Minister of … Planning Ashraf al.‘Arabî, Minister of Tourism Yahya Rashîd, Minister of … Higher Education Ashraf al-Shîhî and Minister of Public Sector Affairs Ashraf … al-Sharqâwî, along with Cairo Governor ‘Âtif ‘Abd al-Hamîd, scores of top … Egyptian and foreign officials, ambassadors to Egypt and public figures … attended the celebration marking the museum’s 114th anniversary. ¬ 2459 al-‘Inânî accompanied the guests on a tour of the exhibition specially … organised for the celebration entitled “Silîm Hasan, Lighthouse of … Egyptology.” The exhibition puts on display nine artefacts discovered by … Egyptologist Silîm Hasan during his excavation work at the Gîza Plateau and … Saqqâra Necropolis. A collection of photographs showing Hasan during the … excavation was also on show, as well as a number of documents of his … discoveries. ¬ 2460 Some of these documents are written in Hasan’s handwriting, like the document … describing the mastaba tomb of Nyankhpepi located in the area between the … north and south causeway of the Unas Pyramid at Saqqâra. ¬ 2461 Director-General of the Egyptian Museum Sabâh ‘Abd al-Râziq told Al-Ahram … Weekly that the exhibition had been organised in collaboration with the Centre … for the Documentation of Cultural and Natural Heritage (CULTNAT), which had … provided a 3D hologram show of some of the discoveries and a virtual visit to … the archaeological sites that Hasan had excavated at the Gîza Plateau and … Saqqâra Necropolis, such as the Unas Pyramid. The exhibition is to last for … ten days. ¬ 2462 During the event al-‘Inânî asked the attendees to stand in a tribute to the … late former secretary-general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA) ‘Abd … al-Halîm Nûr al-Dîn who died some days ago. ¬ 2463 al-‘Inânî also announced the opening of the Egyptian Museum for the first time … at night, twice a week on Sundays and Thursdays from ¬ 2464 5:30 pm to 9:00 pm. He said that this had come after the completion of the … museum’s new lighting system, costing LE2 million and funded by the Ministry … of Tourism. ¬ 2465 “This delivers a message to the whole world that Egypt is safe and ready to … welcome visitors,” al-‘Inânî said, adding that it was also an opportunity for … all Egyptians to visit one of their landmarks where they could enjoy and … admire their heritage. ¬ 2466 The history of the 114-year-old museum passed before the attendees in a … 30-minute documentary going back to 1858 when the French scholar Auguste … MARIETTE took the initiative of establishing the Service des Antiquités de … l’Égypte. ¬ 2467 With the encouragement of the Khedive Ismâ‘îl, said Ilhâm Salâh, head of the /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 174/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2467… Museums Department at the ministry, MARIETTE acquired the former premises of … the Overland Transit Company on the banks of the Nile in Bûlâq for the new … museum, a convenient place for off.loading cumbersome antiquities transported … on barges down the Nile. ¬ 2468 ¬ 2469 ¬ 2470 This site was near today’s Radio and Television Building, she said. Although … MARIETTE regarded it as temporary while he planned suitably impressive and … more centrally located premises, he went to great lengths to remodel the … building. ¬ 2471 He adorned the façade in a neo-Pharaonic style and arranged the antiquities, … which ranged from Pharaonic sphinxes and stelae to statues, false doors, busts … and scarabs, into a chronologically disorganised collection that while … appealing to the eye of the casual visitor did little to aid understanding of … the artworks produced by Egypt’s long civilisation. Greek, Roman and Christian … objects were also displayed. ¬ 2472 The museum in Bûlâq opened in 1863, but a particularly high flood then flooded … the basement, necessitating the rapid removal of the collection. The treasures … were transferred to an annex of Ismâ‘îl’s Gîza Palace, now the Faculty of … Engineering of Cairo University. ¬ 2473 Due to the rapidly increasing number of discoveries resulting from excavations … all over Egypt, Salâh said, building a new museum became an urgent necessity. … In 1896 a tender went out inviting bids for the construction of a suitable … building in Tahrîr Square. A year later, a design by the French architect … Marcel DOURGNON was accepted, and the foundation stone of the Egyptian Museum … was laid. ¬ 2474 After four years of construction work, the museum was completed with its two … storeys arranged around an atrium holding more than a hundred rooms. A vast … basement housed the artefacts that continued to flow into Cairo from … excavations around the country. In November 1902, a gala opening of the new … museum was held attended by the Khedive ‘Abbâs II. (Nevine El-Aref, “Happy … birthday to you!”, Al-Ahram Weekly, November 24, 2016. Voir également ‘Alâ’ … al-Minyâwî, « Le Musée Égyptien ouvert à la visite nocturne pour la première … fois », Sada al-Balad, 3 novembre ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Le Musée Égyptien ouvre … ses portes la nuit devant les visiteurs », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 20 novembre ; … Muhammad ‘Abd al-Mu‘tî, « Le Musée Égyptien reçoit ses visiteurs la nuit », … al-Ahrâm, 21 ¬ 2475 novembre). ¬ 2476 ¬ 2477 Muhammad ‘Abd al-Halîm Nûr al-Dîn, a pioneer in Egyptology, died Wednesday 16 … November. He was 73. ¬ 2478 Nûr al-Dîn, who taught at Cairo University, was born in the village of … al-Ramlah in Banhâ in 1943. He graduated from the Department of Egyptology, … the Faculty of Arts in Cairo University, in 1963. He received his PhD in … Egyptology from the University of Leiden in Holland in 1974. ¬ 2479 Nûr al-Dîn became assistant professor of Egyptology at the Faculty of … Archaeology at Cairo University. In 1979, he was a visiting professor at … Leiden Papyrological Institute at the University of Leiden. In 1980, he was /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 175/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2479… promoted associate professor of Egyptology at Cairo University. ¬ 2480 From 1982-1986, Nûr al-Dîn was chairman of the Department of Archaeology at … the University of Sanaa in Yemen. In 1986, he became a tenured professor of … Egyptology at the Faculty of Archaeology at Cairo University, and chair of the … Department of Egyptology from 1996-2002. From 2000-2005, he was dean of the … Faculty of Archaeology at Cairo University’s Fayyûm branch. His last position … was dean of the Faculty of Archaeology and Touristic Guidance at Misr … University for Science and Technology (MUST) in 6 October City, and adjunct … professor of Egyptology at Cairo University. ¬ 2481 Nûr al-Dîn held many high-level positions in Egypt and abroad. He founded the … Department of Archaeology and the Archaeological Museum at the University of … Sanaa and headed the Archaeology Department. From 1993-1996, he was chairman … of the Egyptian Antiquities Organisation (EAO) and the first general.secretary … of the Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA) at the Ministry of Culture. He was … also general director of the Writing and Scripts Centre at the Bibliotheca … Alexandrina in Alexandria. ¬ 2482 ¬ 2483 ¬ 2484 Nûr al-Dîn directed fieldwork, surveys, archaeological works and museums in … Egypt and abroad. He was a member of highly prestigious societies in Leiden, … London, Paris, Brussels and Berlin. He supervised several theses and … dissertations in archaeology, Egyptology, history, tourism, education and fine … and applied arts in Egypt, other Arab countries and abroad. ¬ 2485 ¬ 2486 He was active in the media, defending Egyptian antiquities and promoting … archaeological knowledge. He authored and co.authored archaeological and … historical books and articles for the general public and scientific scholars. … His long legacy includes several awards from Egypt and abroad. (al-Hussein … ‘Abd al-Basîr, Nevine El-Aref, “Obituary: Father of Egyptian archaeologists … ‘Abd al-Halîm Nûr al-Dîn (1943-2016)”, Al-Ahram Weekly, November 24, 2016. … Voir également ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Tristesse dans le milieu archéologique … après la mort du Dr ‘Abd al-Halîm Nûr al-Dîn », Sada al-Balad, 16 novembre ; « … Décès de ‘Abd al-Halîm Nûr al-Dîn : Adieu le géant de l’archéologie », … al-Badîl, 16 novembre ; MENA, « L’archéologue ‘Abd al-Halîm Nûr al-Dîn … s’éteint à l’âge de 73 ans », al-Shurûq, 16 novembre ; al-Husayn ‘Abd … al-Basîr, « ‘Abd al-Halîm Nûr al-Dîn : le père des archéologues et de … l’archéologie », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 19 novembre ; Muhammad Gamâl, « Nûr al-Dîn … : le gardien des antiquités », al-Ahrâm, 12 décembre). ¬ 2487 ¬ 2488 Lors de sa dernière réunion, le Comité permanent des antiquités islamiques et … coptes, présidé par le secrétaire général du CSA, Dr Mustafa Amîn, a approuvé … l’enregistrement sur la liste du patrimoine du palais Ismâ‘îl Muhammad, situé … à Zamâlik. Construit en 1905 par Ismâ‘îl Pacha Muhammad, ce palais se compose … de trois étages, en plus d’un rez-de.chaussée. (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Classement … du palais Ismâ‘îl Muhammad à Zamâlik », Sada al-Balad, 27 novembre 2016. Voir … également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le Comité permanent enregistre le palais Ismâ‘îl … Muhammad sur la liste du patrimoine islamique et copte », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 28 … novembre). ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 176/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2489 ¬ 2490 Le Comité permanent des antiquités islamiques et coptes présidé par le … secrétaire général du CSA, Dr Mustafa Amîn, a approuvé la demande présentée … par l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale (Ifao) afin de poursuivre ses … travaux sur le site de Bâwît à Asyût du 11 mars au 30 mai 2017. Les activités … de la mission englobent la reprise des fouilles archéologiques sur le kom, la … construction du mur Sud de l’église, ainsi que la collecte d’échantillons de … céramique, de tissus et de fibres végétales. (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le CSA … autorise la mission de l’Ifao à poursuivre ses travaux à Asyût », Sada … al-Balad, 28 novembre 2016). ¬ 2491 ¬ 2492 Le Comité permanent des antiquités islamiques et coptes, présidé par le … secrétaire général du CSA, Dr Mustafa Amîn, a approuvé la demande présentée … par le Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, afin de poursuivre ses travaux à Dayr … al-Barshâ jusqu’au 15 septembre 2017. Les activités de la mission englobent la … poursuite des travaux de relevés archéologiques du Dayr Abû Hanas et … l’achèvement du plan topographique du site. (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « La mission du … Katholieke Universiteit Leuven poursuit ses relevés archéologiques à Dayr Abû … Hanas dans le gouvernorat de Minyâ », Sada al-Balad, 29 novembre 2016). ¬ 2493 Ministry of Antiquities asserted in a press release on Tuesday that the … recently transported 38 artefacts to the National Museum of Egyptian … Civilization (NMEC) are safe and sound and were not damaged as rumoured. ¬ 2494 Mahrûs Sa‘îd, supervisor general of the NMEC, told Ahram Online that the … pieces were transported safely from the Manyal Palace in Cairo and are now … stored in the NMEC gallery, which is equipped according by state-of-the-art … technology. ¬ 2495 ¬ 2496 ¬ 2497 “The porcelain objects are safe and sound in the NMEC,” asserted Sa‘îd, adding … that the pieces include lamps and pots from the 19th.century Muhammad ‘Alî … family era. (Nevine El-Aref, “Transported porcelain artefacts are not damaged … as rumoured: Egyptian antiquities ministry”, Ahram Online, November 29, 2016). ¬ 2498 Le secrétaire général du CSA, Dr Mustafa Amîn, a nommé Dr Dâlyâ Milîgî au … poste de directrice générale du Centre de recherches et de la maintenance des … antiquités. Elle succède au Dr Sâmya al-Marghanî partie à la retraite. (‘Alâ’ … al-Minyâwî, « Dâlyâ Milîgî nommée directrice générale du Centre de recherches … et de la maintenance des antiquités », Sada al-Balad, 29 novembre 2016. Voir … également Ahmad Mansûr, « Nomination de Dâlyâ Milîgî au poste de directrice … générale du Centre de recherches et de la maintenance des antiquités », … al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 29 novembre). ¬ 2499 ¬ 2500 The Ministry of Antiquities plans to turn over dozens of rare book seized two … days ago at Cairo International Airport to the National Archives, officials … said. On Sunday, the Seized Antiquities Unit at Cairo International Airport … impounded a collection of rare Islamic books destined for Qatar, on suspicion … that they were illegally acquired. Customs officers at Cairo airport seized 43 … boxes of books and manuscripts, which appeared to be rare books that fall … under the protection of Egypt’s antiquities laws. ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 177/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2501 A committee led by Ahmad al-Râwî, head of the Seized Antiquities Department at … the Ministry of Antiquities, determined that some of the seized books and … manuscripts were authentic and not permitted to leave the country. al-Râwî … told Ahram Online on Tuesday that the seized volumes pertain to Islam and the … Hadith (sayings) of the Prophet Muhammad. Some bear stamps from the al-Azhar … University library, he added. ¬ 2502 After conducting a review of the material, al-Râwî said, the committee … confirmed the authenticity of 66 rare volumes, finding out that some of the … books date back to the early printing age. The seized material will be sent to … the Egyptian National Library and Archives, according to Egyptian law. ¬ 2503 A set of 45 volumes bearing the al-Azhar library stamp will be returned to the … university, al-Râwî said, while the rest of the collection is not covered by … laws. (Nevine El-Aref, “Dozens of rare Islamic books seized at Cairo Airport … on way to Doha authentic”, Ahram Online, November 30, 2016). ¬ 2504 C’est grâce aux archives et aux documents du grand égyptologue Silîm Hasan que … le National Center for Documentation of Cultural and Natural Heritage … (CULTNAT) a fait une reconstitution numérique de la chaussée du complexe … funéraire du roi Wanis, dernier souverain de la Ve dynastie. « Vu ses 750 … mètres de longueur, son altitude, les monuments cachés dessous et, enfin, les … scènes qui ornent ses murs, cette chaussée a une grande particularité », … commente Amîra Siddîq, égyptologue de l’unité du patrimoine archéologique … dépendant du CULTNAT. Cette reconstitution numérique permet une visite … virtuelle de cette chaussée antique présentée pour la première fois durant … l’exposition sur l’œuvre de Silîm Hasan tenue au Musée Égyptien. On peut faire … cette visite aussi au siège du CULTNAT au Smart Village, explique Siddîq. ¬ 2505 Pour commencer la visite virtuelle, le visiteur est invité à entrer dans une … cave où se trouvent trois grands écrans en forme de U. Une fois à l’intérieur, … le visiteur virtuel doit se tenir au centre de la cave, afin de commencer sa … tournée. Au fur et à mesure, le visiteur voit les scènes défiler devant ses … yeux, ce qui lui donne l’impression de se balader dans la chaussée, qui est … une sorte de passage souterrain haut de 32 mètres qui relie le temple … d'accueil au temple funéraire. ¬ 2506 « Pour atteindre cette hauteur, l’architecte a été contraint de démolir … plusieurs monuments et de construire sur d’autres », explique l’égyptologue. À … sa sortie du temple d’accueil, la chaussée tourne pour contourner une partie … fragile du sol. Vers la moitié de la distance, il y a un nouveau tournant et … une tranchée creusée par l’architecte renommé Imhotep, bâtisseur de la … pyramide à degrés. « Ce dernier avait fait cette tranchée pour consolider le … sol, éloigner l’eau du Nil et protéger le complexe funéraire de Djoser », … explique encore Siddîq. ¬ 2507 ¬ 2508 ¬ 2509 Une partie de la chaussée cachait le mastaba de Ni-Ankh-Khnoum et … Khnoum-Hotep, connu comme étant le mastaba des deux frères. Des fouilles … ultérieures ont permis de découvrir ce mastaba. Celui-ci remonte à la Ve … dynastie. Il est considéré comme l’un des plus beaux et plus vastes tombeaux … de l’Ancien Empire. Quant au dernier tournant de la chaussée, il est situé à … la fin de la chaussée au seuil du temple funéraire. C’est là qu’a été /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 178/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2509… découverte la tombe du roi Sekhemkhet de la IIIe dynastie. Tous ces sites sont … ouverts actuellement à la visite à Saqqâra. ¬ 2510 Il ne fait aucun doute que la reconstruction numérique de la chaussée a … dévoilé des détails inattendus. Étant couverte d’un plafond de granite orné … d’étoiles bleues, symbolisant le ciel, la chaussée retrace, à travers les 400 … blocs de pierre dont sont formés les murs sud et nord, la vie du roi et la … situation de l’État égyptien à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur sur les plans … politique, économique et social. Certains de ces blocs sont conservés dans les … dépôts du ministère des Antiquités, d’autres ont été réutilisés dans … l’édification de complexes funéraires ultérieurs. ¬ 2511 Des scènes décoratives se trouvent en effet sur les murs sud et nord de la … chaussée, et se complètent les unes les autres. En effet, la paroi sud s’ouvre … sur une scène décrivant l’armée égyptienne sur le champ de bataille. « … L’artiste qui a dessiné ces scènes était d’une grande ingéniosité. On voit … clairement la souplesse du mouvement des soldats. Pendant qu’un soldat ennemi … est renversé, un autre est assassiné sous les coups de marteau d’un guerrier … égyptien », explique Siddîq. Sur la paroi nord, une scène représente le … cortège des drapeaux précédé des captifs qui ont été pris pendant la guerre. ¬ 2512 Parmi les scènes importantes, il y a celle qui représente les prisonniers … étrangers, syriens et libyens, humiliés devant le souverain égyptien et … emportés sur des navires. Selon Siddîq, cette scène incarne les deux campagnes … lancées par Ounas, afin de protéger le pays, l’une à l’Est, contre les tribus … syriennes, et l’autre à l’Ouest, contre les libyens. ¬ 2513 L’Égypte jouissait sous le règne d’Ounas d’une prospérité économique … considérable, et ceci est clair dans l’une des scènes du mur sud. Il s’agit … d’un panorama de différentes activités connues à l’époque durant les trois … saisons de l’année égyptienne. Il y a ainsi la scène de l’agriculture, suivie … de celle de la moisson du blé puis celle des autres récoltes et enfin la scène … de stockage de ces récoltes. Le commerce occupait aussi une place primordiale … dans la vie quotidienne de l’Égypte ancienne sous le règne d’Ounas. Sur le mur … sud, le visiteur contemple le marché des légumes où les marchands échangent … leurs produits avec les clients. « Le texte de cette scène explique comment le … client marchande avec le vendeur. Cette tradition égyptienne existe jusqu’à … nos jours », reprend l’égyptologue. ¬ 2514 Selon elle, cette richesse reflète la stabilité de l’État égyptien à cette … époque lointaine. Une prospérité qui est reprise sur le mur nord avec la scène … des jarres et des récipients fabriqués en or et en argent. Cette scène révèle … encore les fortes relations commerciales de l’État égyptien avec ses voisins. … En outre, la hiérarchie administrative respectée de l’État est elle aussi … incarnée sur les scènes murales. Le visiteur contemple, sur la paroi sud, une … scène descriptive du roi installé sur le trône en tenant en main le sceptre. … Devant lui, on remarque à un niveau inférieur les hauts fonctionnaires de … l’État. ¬ 2515 Une autre scène descriptive montre la famine avec tous ses détails douloureux. … Pour l’égyptologue, cette scène symbolise et répand la peur chez les citoyens, … pour ne pas se révolter contre le règne du roi. Selon Siddîq, l’image de la … famine est suivie d’une scène d’offrandes présentées par le peuple aux … divinités. Les paniers sont remplis de récoltes. « Comment un peuple souffrant /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 179/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2515… de la famine peut-il présenter cette quantité d’offrandes ? » s’exclame … l’égyptologue. Le cortège funéraire atteint sa fin avec une scène du roi qui … avance vers l’au-delà. Sur le mur nord, les porteurs des offrandes funéraires … s’orientent vers le temple funéraire pour terminer les funérailles. ¬ 2516 Cette fascinante tournée numérique de la chaussée nous dévoile quelques … secrets de l’histoire de l’Égypte ancienne tout en invitant les égyptologues à … mener de nouvelles fouilles à Saqqâra. (Doaa Elhami, « Excursion dans une … époque lointaine », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 30 novembre 2016). ¬ 2517 ¬ 2518 ¬ 2519 ¬ 2520 The replica of king Ramsess II colossus ¬ 2521 The Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities is set to ship on Wednesday a gift of a … six-metre-tall replica statue of King Ramses II to Ecuador, to be erected in … the country’s capital Quito. ¬ 2522 ‘Amr al-Tîbî, Executive Director of the Antiquities Replicas Unit at the … ministry, told Ahram Online the statue is a gift to Ecuador from the Egyptian … ministries of antiquities and foreign Affairs, and the Egyptian Tourism … Authority. The replica statue was carved by artisans in the ministry’s … replicas unit. ¬ 2523 al-Tîbî said the Ecuadorian government will rename Quito’s Condado Square, … Egypt Square, in appreciation of the gift. He added that the large statue took … 60 days to carve, from a mixture of granite and other materials designed to … withstand the Ecuadorian climate. ¬ 2524 The statue is a replica of the statue of Ramses II that used to stand in … Ramses square in downtown Cairo, but will stand in the grand hall at the Grand … Egyptian Museum when it opens in 2017. (Nevine El-Aref, “Egypt gifts … six.metre-tall replica of Ramses II statue to Ecuador: Ministry”, Ahram … Online, November 30, 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministère de … l’Archéologie offre à la République de l’Équateur une réplique d’une statue de … Ramsès II », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 28 novembre ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le ministère … de l’Archéologie offre à l’Équateur une réplique géante d’une statue de Ramsès … II », Sada al-Balad, 29 novembre). ¬ 2525 La salle principale du Musée Égyptien a accueilli tout au long des deux … dernières semaines une exposition remarquable consacrée à Silîm Hasan, … véritable légende de l’égyptologie. Inaugurée par le ministre des Antiquités, … Khâlid al-‘Inânî, l’exposition était organisée par l’Unité du patrimoine … archéologique dépendant du National Center for Documentation of Cultural and … Natural Heritage (CULTNAT) de la Bibliotheca Alexandrina. Elle est répartie en … trois secteurs essentiels : la biographie du professeur Silîm Hasan, ses … travaux et ses fouilles archéologiques à Gîza et à Saqqâra, et sa vie avec ses … élèves. ¬ 2526 « Pour la première fois, nous présentons les recherches du professeur Silîm … Hasan et les pièces archéologiques qu’il a découvertes pendant les fouilles », … explique Siddîq, égyptologue, membre de l’équipe scientifique du CULTNAT. Pour … elle, cette nouvelle muséologie est inédite car basée sur les plus récentes … technologies. Lors d’une tournée visuelle, le visiteur apprend des choses sur … la vie de l’égyptologue. ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 180/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2527 Né en 1886 au gouvernorat Daqahliyya, il a obtenu son baccalauréat en 1909. Il … était l’un des étudiants de l’école d’égyptologie fondée par Ahmad Kamâl … pacha. Il a fait ses études supérieures à la Sorbonne et à l’École du Louvre … en 1927. Il a été professeur d’égyptologie à l’Université Fu’âd Ier, actuelle … Université du Caire. Parmi ses étudiants figurent des égyptologues renommés … comme Ahmad Fakhrî, ‘Abd al-Muhsin Bakîr et Labîb Habashî. ¬ 2528 « Le professeur Silîm Hasan insistait sur le lien qu’il y a entre le … patrimoine et l’identité égyptiens », reprend l’égyptologue Siddîq. … L’exposition montre plusieurs photos prises pendant ses travaux sur chantier … et des documents sur les pièces découvertes. ¬ 2529 Les archives du Dr Silîm Hasan comprennent des recherches effectuées pendant … ses missions de fouilles archéologiques à Gîza et à Saqqâra. Les fouilles … effectuées à Gîza occupent une bonne partie des archives en question. Ce sont … les documents d’une dizaine d’années de fouilles (1929-1939). Au cours de ces … années, plusieurs tombes ont été découvertes ainsi que 23 statues. « Si le … professeur avait publié les travaux de ses fouilles à Gîza, leurs résultats … avaient été mis à jour grâce aux références publiées ultérieurement », … explique Siddîq. ¬ 2530 Le visiteur peut admirer la collection découverte par le professeur Silîm … Hasan à Gîza. « Il s’agit d’un hologramme de huit statues. Le visiteur a … l’occasion de contempler la beauté des statues et de les faire tourner », … reprend Amira Siddîq, soulignant que cette méthode convient aux étudiants qui … sont curieux d’examiner ces pièces. ¬ 2531 Quant à Saqqâra, les archives renferment les résultats des saisons de fouilles … des années 1937-1938. Il y a 21 mastabas datant du roi Wanis (Ounas), dernier … roi de la Ve dynastie. Il y a aussi une partie de la tranchée de la pyramide … de Djoser, fondateur de la IIIe dynastie. En marge de l’exposition, le … visiteur est invité à faire une tournée virtuelle dans les différentes salles … du musée en utilisant un écran tactile. (Doaa Elhami, « L’héritage de Silîm … Hasan au Musée Égyptien », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 30 novembre 2016). ¬ 2532 ¬ 2533 ¬ 2534 Présidé par le secrétaire général du CSA, Dr Mustafa Amîn, le Comité permanent … des antiquités égyptiennes a approuvé la demande présentée par le Polish … Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology in Cairo (PCMA), afin de poursuivre ses … travaux sur le site d’al-Gabalayn à Isnâ du 10 janvier au 30 mars 2017. Les … activités de la mission englobent la poursuite des travaux de nettoyage, de … maintenance et de restauration de la nécropole d’al-Gabalayn et de la chapelle … d’Hathor, en plus des relevés archéologiques et épigraphiques. (‘Alâ’ … al-Minyâwî, « Le PCMA poursuit des travaux dans la nécropole d’al-Gabalayn en … janvier prochain », Sada al-Balad, 30 novembre 2016. Voir également Ahmad … Mansûr, « Le CSA autorise la mission polonaise à poursuivre ses travaux à … Louqsor », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 30 novembre). ¬ 2535 -¬ 2536 -¬ 2537 ¬ 2538 ¬ 2539 ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 181/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2540 VI – DÉCEMBRE 2016 ¬ 2541 ¬ 2542 ¬ 2543 In the Upper Egyptian governorate of Suhâg there lie rich archaeological sites … from the early ancient Egyptian era right up to the Ptolemaic, Graeco-Roman, … Coptic and Islamic periods. But although the governorate contains many … distinguished monuments and historical landmarks, it is seldom visited. ¬ 2544 To promote the governorate’s archaeological sites and encourage tourists to … pay a visit to its monuments, the Ministry of Antiquities has launched a plan … to develop the sites and to make the area more tourist-friendly as well as to … continue its goal to preserve and conserve them. ¬ 2545 Earlier this week, Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî and top officials … from the ministry embarked on an inspection tour of some of Suhâg’s … archaeological sites, including Abydos, Athribis, Akhmîm, the Red Monastery … and the long-awaited Suhâg Museum. ¬ 2546 The first destination was Abydos, one of the most ancient cities of Upper … Egypt. In ancient times it was called “Abdu,” which means “the hill of the … symbol or reliquary” where the sacred head of the god of the dead and the … underworld Osiris was buried and preserved. ¬ 2547 For this reason, the site was an important pilgrimage destination and … necropolis from the Early Dynastic Period to Christian times. During the … Graeco-Roman period the town gained its current name. ¬ 2548 It houses several archaeological sites such as the Umm al-Qi‘âb area (Mother … of Pots) that contains the tombs of early Pre-dynastic chieftains and the … burials of many of the early dynastic kings. Closer to the floodplain are … mud-brick enclosures serving the royal funerary cults of kings of the First … and Second Dynasties, of which the best preserved is Shunat al-Zabîb. ¬ 2549 The remains of other royal and elite tombs and temples can also be found in … Abydos. In North Abydos there is an area called Kom al-Sultân that houses the … remains of an early town and a temple of the god Osiris-Khentyamentiu. During … the Middle Kingdom, a yearly procession celebrating the resurrection of the … god Osiris after his murder at the hands of his brother Seth led from this … temple to the Tomb of Osiris at Umm al-Qi‘âb. ¬ 2550 In the middle of Abydos are the New Kingdom temples of Seti I and his son … Ramses ¬ 2551 II. Behind them is the symbolic tomb of the god Osiris, the Osirion. In South … Abydos, there are a small Third Dynasty pyramid, a mortuary complex for the … 12th Dynasty pharaoh Senwosret III, as well as a pyramid and temple built by … the first pharaoh of the New Kingdom, Ahmose. In addition, there is a small … temple thought to have been dedicated to the cult of Ahmose’s principal … consort, Ahmose-Nefertari, and a small chapel dedicated to his grandmother, … Tetisheri. ¬ 2552 At Shunat al-Zabîb, al-‘Inânî inspected the restoration work achieved and … announced the opening of the site for the first time to the public. He ordered … that it be included in the visitor itinerary for Abydos, but that it also be … free of charge. ¬ 2553 “It is a very important site because it is the only surviving structure of a … series of funerary complexes built in the area by the kings of the First and /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 182/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2553… Second Dynasties,” Mahmûd ‘Afîfî, ¬ 2554 head of the Ancient Egyptian Antiquities ¬ 2555 Department at the ministry, told Al-Ahram ¬ 2556 Weekly. ¬ 2557 ¬ 2558 He said that Shunat al-Zabîb served as a funerary cult enclosure of the last … ruler of the Second Dynasty Khasekhemwy and includes the first-known mud brick … structure in the world. The structure is also important in the evolution of … pyramid design. The Third Dynasty king Djoser was influenced by the … architectural style of the enclosure of his predecessor Khasekhemwy, using it … to help build the Step Pyramid at Saqqâra. ¬ 2559 The current restoration work in the shrines inside the Seti I Temple was also … inspected. The work started in October and is funded by a grant from the US … Ambassadors Fund for Cultural Preservation. ¬ 2560 ¬ 2561 ¬ 2562 Gamâl ‘Abd al-Nâsir, director of Suhâg Antiquities, described the Seti Temple … as “the great temple of Abydos,” adding that its wall reliefs are some of the … finest quality of all the temples in Egypt. The Temple is to a unique design … and contains the most complete ancient Egyptians king list. ¬ 2563 The temple has seven shrines dedicated to the deities Osiris, Isis, Horus, … Amun-Re, Ra-HorAkhty, Ptah and Seti I as a deified king, ‘Abd al-Nâsir added. … At the back of the Temple there are the Osirion, an enigmatic structure … connected with the worship of the god Osiris, from those chambers led out the … great Hypogeum for the celebration of the Osiris Mysteries built by the … pharaoh Merenptah. ¬ 2564 The Osirion was inspected, and ‘Abd al-Nâsir suggested ideas for its … development. Studies are underway in order to reduce the subterranean water … level in the area, as has been done in the Karnak Temples in Luxor. ¬ 2565 About 300 metres from the Seti I Temple is the temple of his son Ramses II. … Although the temple is in ruins, its structure and plan can still be seen. The … walls of the temple are built of limestone, while its pillars are carved of … sandstone. It has a portico, pylons and courts, as well as a pink granite … portal, chapels and a hypostyle hall. Its greatest attraction is the … brilliantly coloured painted reliefs, which are considered to be the finest in … any monument built by Ramses II. ¬ 2566 After touring the different sites in Abydos al-‘Inânî discussed ways of … developing the whole site and making it more tourist-friendly through building … a visitor centre and setting up a visitor route. After the inspection tour, he … gave the go-ahead to the comprehensive development of the area, saying that a … wall would enclose the whole area, debris would be removed, landscaping work … done, and the existing monuments integrated into a more accessible and … recognisable historical site for visitors. ¬ 2567 There will be a new visitor centre and route with signs, maps and billboards … bearing information about every monument on the site. A parking area, entrance … gate and ticket and information office will also be provided. A lighting … system is to be installed to make the site accessible at night. ¬ 2568 al-‘Inânî also paid a visit to the site of Athribis (al-Shaykh Hamad) located /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 183/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2568… ten km south-west of Suhâg where he visited the excavation and restoration … work carried out by a German archaeological mission in a Ptolemaic temple … built by Ptolemy XII. ¬ 2569 The mission is also studying the temple’s wall reliefs. During the visit, … al-‘Inânî discussed with the mission measures to open some parts of the temple … to visitors in the near future. ¬ 2570 Athribis houses a collection of Ptolemaic monuments, among them a temple … dedicated to the lion goddess Repyt and a massive gateway of Ptolemy VIII … Euergetes II, who also began the construction of a temple against the slope of … a hill. But there are few remains in situ. ¬ 2571 A granite temple from the reign of the 26th Dynasty pharaoh Haaibre is also to … be found, as well as a structure of Ptolemy IX Soter II with a pylon and … enclosure wall. A Roman birth-house is also located in Athribis. It was begun … by Ptolemy XII Auletes and completed during the Roman Period by the Emperor … Hadrian. The birth-house was dedicated to the god Triphis, and is fronted by a … pronaos with two rows of six pillars that are still well.conserved. Behind the … pronaos is an open court, which may have been surrounded by a colonnade. ¬ 2572 Several Roman emperors had their names carved on these buildings, and some of … its blocks were used during the Coptic period in the construction of the … nearby White Monastery. In the nearby necropolis there is a distinguished … Ptolemaic tomb named the Zodiac Tomb, which belongs to two brothers Ibpemeny … and Pemehyt. Its ceiling is decorated with zodiacs and it dates to the late … Second Century CE. ¬ 2573 The minister went for a short visit to the Akhmîm site, where he inspected the … open-air museum and the restoration work in progress at the fallen colossus of … Ramses II. ¬ 2574 Mustafa al-Saghîr, a member of the minister’s technical office, told the … Weekly that a project to restore and re-erect the colossus of Ramses II beside … the colossus of his daughter Merit-Amun was now under study. ¬ 2575 Although many of the ancient buildings in Akhmîm were dismantled to be used in … the construction of other monuments in a later period, many of these buildings … still exist in their original locations. Among them are a Graeco-Roman temple … as well as many fragments of Ramses II statues and the beautiful limestone … colossus of Merit-Amun, now re-erected in the open-air museum. ¬ 2576 ¬ 2577 ¬ 2578 The statue is 11 metres tall and depicts Merit-Amun wearing a close-fitting … pleated robe and crowned with a modius decorated with serpents and the double … feathers of a wife of the god Amun. The museum also houses a beautiful statue … of the Roman goddess of love Venus and a collection of stelae and … architectural elements from the surrounding structures. ¬ 2579 The last stop on the tour was a visit to the long-awaited Suhâg Museum, which … was launched in the 1980s but has not yet been completed and opened to … visitors. Ilhâm Salâh, head of the Museums Department at the ministry, told … the Weekly that the work achieved in the museum last year was 20 times more … than that done in the last ten. ¬ 2580 Although the museum building has been completed, she said, work had been put … on hold several times. Shortly after laying the foundation stone in the 1980s, /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 184/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2580… the museum land lay fallow for ten years because of a clash over its location. … During the 1990s, a new site was chosen and the actual work of construction … began. But regretfully it seems that the curse of the pharaohs took its toll, … as the work was completely stopped again during the early 2000s because of … disagreements on the interior design of some sections of the museum building … as well as its displays. ¬ 2581 Work then resumed, but in the aftermath of the 25 January Revolution it … stopped again for security reasons. Now a lack of funding is the reason for … the delay. When al-‘Inânî visited the museum this week, the contractor … promised to complete the work by next year if the required funds are provided. ¬ 2582 The minister promised to solve the problems that have stood in the way of … opening the archaeological site soon in an attempt to open the museum next … year. Salâh said that the museum would put on show a collection of artefacts … that had been unearthed in different sites in Suhâg. It would also express the … traditions, customs, industry and handicrafts of the inhabitants as well as … their costumes and jewellery. ¬ 2583 The concept of the museum is no longer dependent on placing artefacts next to … each other to illustrate ancient Egyptian civilisation, Salâh said. Instead, … it provided a broader educational service to visitors and sent out messages … that would raise archaeological awareness and loyalty towards Egypt. ¬ 2584 It informed Egyptian visitors about how their ancestors had built such a great … civilisation through showing daily life, industries and culture, she said. … “This is a new philosophy that the Ministry of Antiquities is adopting in … order to turn the country’s regional museums into more educational, cultural … and productive institutions,” Salâh said, adding that the idea was for these … museums to help educate people about culture, heritage, industry, religions … and politics. ¬ 2585 Egypt’s regional museums have sometimes not fulfilled their true potential … because they have often displayed objects without a thematic storyline. This … had meant that they had not always attracted their fair share of visitors, she … said. ¬ 2586 “Every regional museum should reflect the city or town in which it is … located,” Salâh said, explaining that in the Suhâg Museum, for example, the … exhibition design provided clear information about the history of Suhâg, … Abydos and Akhmîm as well as the role the rulers there had played in the city … and in building ancient Egyptian civilisation. (Nevine El-Aref, “Suhâg under … development”, Al-Ahram Weekly, December 1st, 2016). ¬ 2587 I have always dug in sand, and this is where I have made my most important … discoveries, such as the Valley of the Golden Mummies in the Bahariyya Oasis … and the Tombs of the Pyramid Builders at Gîza. But one day I became interested … in digging in a new place, a place without sand – the basement of the Egyptian … Museum in Tahrîr Square in Cairo. ¬ 2588 There is a maze of corridors lying under the museum. For decades, no one knew … what was hidden down there: Boxes of all sorts of treasures discovered by … foreign and Egyptian expeditions were brought in and stored there over the … years without the proper recording of the artefacts. There were objects of … stone and wood, mummies, and even objects made of precious metals. But no one … knew exactly what was down there. It was said among scholars that anything /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 185/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2588… sent down to the basement of the museum would be lost forever. ¬ 2589 At the beginning of my career I excavated at Kom Abû Billo, an important site … in the Delta. I worked there for nine years from 1970 until 1979. We … discovered a great cemetery from the Graeco-Roman period, where many of the … people interred were devotees of the goddess Isis-Aphrodite, the … Egyptian-Greek goddess of beauty and love. Near the cemetery was a temple to … the god Apollo. We had begun excavations at this site because a grand canal … five km long was being dug through the desert. So we had to excavate along the … designated route. Each year, I took a truck to the Egyptian Museum full of … boxes packed with jewellery, especially bracelets, and gold amulets, stelae … and 12 beautiful statues of the goddess Isis-Aphrodite. ¬ 2590 ¬ 2591 ¬ 2592 When I came to Cairo much later, I tried to find these artefacts in the … museum, but no one could tell me where they were. When I became head of … Egypt’s Antiquities Service in 2002, which coincided with the centennial of … the museum, I decided to deal with the issue myself. I asked Mamdûh al-Damâtî, … the then director of the museum, to begin clearing out the basement and … opening the various boxes to see what was inside them. We cleaned out several … basement galleries on the west side of the museum and turned them into an … exhibition area. The first exhibition held here was of treasures found in the … basement of the building, along with objects from storerooms around the … country and exhibits from overcrowded showcases in the museum itself. We … called the exhibition, which consisted of about 250 objects, “Hidden … Treasures,” and it was a great success. ¬ 2593 The clearing of the basement has been ongoing since then, and it has become an … important project in its own right with specially chosen curators inspecting … and recording each of the objects found. The heroine of this work was curator … Sabâh ‘Abd al-Râziq, who spent most of her time in the basement. We are now in … the process of building a new inventory database for the museum where all … these objects, along with their exact locations, will be recorded. This … project was begun under Janice KAMRIN, now a curator at the Metropolitan … Museum in New York, assisted by Yâsmîn al-Shâzlî. We expect that all the … objects in the basement will be in the new database. This will bring enormous … changes, and it will help to take the museum into the new millennium. ¬ 2594 Many interesting discoveries have been made in the treasure trove beneath the … museum, including artefacts that no one could have imagined. A beautiful mummy … encased in cartonage belonging to Djed-Khonsu, son of Neskhonsu, and dating … from the 22nd and 23rd Dynasties, has been found, for example. This has … important religious scenes in vibrant colours on it, and the mummy’s face is … very impressive. Unfortunately, we do not know who found it, or where it was … found. This information has been lost in the maze of corridors below the … museum. ¬ 2595 Another discovery is a wooden statuette of a man wearing a short kilt and a … short wig, and in this case we know that it was found in Saqqâra. The curators … have also found a painted ushabti box used to hold small funerary statuettes … that were designed to work in the afterlife in the place of the deceased … person. They have also come across some wooden statues that I myself found in /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 186/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2595… my excavations at the Teti Pyramid cemetery at Saqqâra fewer than ten years … ago that had been lost among thousands of pots and boxes. Other special finds … have included a unique vase bearing the name of the pharaoh Horemheb from a … foundation deposit at Karnak. ¬ 2596 The most important treasures in the basement are the coffins and mummies of … the priests and priestesses of the Late Period. I believe that the Ministry of … Antiquities should create an exhibition at the museum to display these coffins … and mummies that have never been shown to the public before, and after that … the exhibition should be a part of the new Grand Egyptian Museum. ¬ 2597 The Egyptian Museum basement is close to my heart because the statue that … changed my life is also in it. I mentioned that all the artefacts found at Kom … Abû Billo in the Delta are inside boxes in the basement of the museum. I was … sitting inside a tent at the site one day, when the Reis (the overseer of the … workmen) Doctoor (that was his name – he was originally from Qift, a town … north of Luxor where the residents are experts in excavating and have worked … with famous archaeologists like CARTER, REISNER, BORCHARDT, JUNKER, LORET and … others) came to me and asked if I would come to the site because a tomb had … been found. ¬ 2598 I was very young, and this was my first excavation. I went to the tomb … unhappily, because I was ready to go to Cairo and was wearing clean clothes. I … sat beside the Reis Doctoor, and he began to teach me how to excavate. … Suddenly, I saw a statue in the middle of the tomb, and Reis Doctoor gave me a … brush to clean it with. While I was cleaning the statue, I said to myself that … “I have found my true love – archaeology.” ¬ 2599 ¬ 2600 ¬ 2601 Ever since then, I have had a passion for archaeology. When I meet young … people today, I tell them that passion can change anything, and my passion has … certainly made me talk about archaeology like a lover. I had to go and ask … Sabeh, a curator at the museum, to search for the statue that changed my life. … We found it and took a photograph of ourselves with it. I can like or love … anything, but it is passion that is essential. (Zâhî Hawwâs, “Adventures in … the Egyptian Museum”, Al-Ahram Weekly, December 1st, 2016). ¬ 2602 ¬ 2603 Le Comité permanent des antiquités égyptiennes, présidé par le secrétaire … général du CSA, Dr Mustafa Amîn, a approuvé la demande présentée par … l’Università degli Studi di Napoli, afin de poursuivre ses travaux à Wâdî … Gâsûs en mer Rouge. Les activités de la mission englobent la reprise des … relevés archéologiques, la collecte de surface, la poursuite des relevés … géophysiques et géo.archéologiques des zones adjacentes à Wâdî Gâsûs. (‘Alâ’ … al-Minyâwî, « La mission de l’Università degli Studi di Napoli reprend ses … relevés à Wâdî Gâsûs », Sada al-Balad, 4 décembre 2016). ¬ 2604 ¬ 2605 Antiquities Minister Khâlid al-‘Inânî will attend the inauguration of a … traditional crafts fair to be held in Cairo’s city of the dead on Tuesday. ¬ 2606 Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Azîz, director general of Historic Cairo Rehabilitation … Project, told Ahram Online that the fair will put on show a collection of the … work of traditional craftsmen, mostly those living and working in the City of /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 187/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2606… the Dead as well as those of Egyptian and international contemporary artists … and non-profit organisations across Historic Cairo which promote art and … culture. ¬ 2607 The event, “Sultan’s Fair: Between Old and New” is part of a new project, … “Outside In: The Art of Inclusion -A Place for Arts and Culture in Cairo’s … City of the Dead,” which is being funded by the EU delegation to Egypt and … implemented by Cairo-based Archinos Architecture, in cooperation with the … Historic Cairo Project. It will be held in the Sultan Qâytbây area of the City … of the Dead. ¬ 2608 According to ‘Abd al-‘Azîz, the ultimate objective of the project is to make … culture and art better accessible to the community of this neighbourhood. … (Nevine El-Aref, “Crafts exhibition to be held on Tuesday in Cairo’s City of … the Dead”, Ahram Online, December 5, 2016. Voir également Hiba ‘Âdil, « … Inauguration demain de l’exposition Le sultan entre le passé ¬ 2609 et le moderne », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 5 ¬ 2610 décembre). ¬ 2611 - - ¬ 2612 ¬ 2613 La présidente du département des musées, Ilhâm Salâh, a annoncé l’organisation … dans le musée de Mallawî d’ateliers permanents pour l’apprentissage des … métiers traditionnels. Destinés à combattre le chômage, ces ateliers gratuits … s’inscrivent dans le cadre du rôle joué par les musées en matière de … développement durable. Par ailleurs, le ministère de l’Archéologie se chargera … gracieusement de la vente des articles produits (tapis, tissus, céramique) en … faveur des stagiaires qui toucheront intégralement le fruit de leur labeur. … (Ahmad Mansûr, « Pour la première fois, le ministère de l’Archéologie organise … des ateliers permanents pour l’apprentissage des métiers traditionnels », … al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 5 décembre 2016). ¬ 2614 ¬ 2615 ¬ 2616 ¬ 2617 ¬ 2618 « Queens of The Nile » est le titre d’une exposition qui a été inaugurée le 18 … novembre dernier et durera jusqu’à 17 avril 2017 au Rijksmuseum van Oudheden à … Amsterdam. Des personnages comme Nefertari, Hatchepsout, Tiye, Néfertiti et … d’autres, raconteront l’histoire unique des reines et épouses des pharaons de … l’Égypte ancienne, notamment pendant la période du Nouvel Empire. Les … visiteurs peuvent admirer 350 pièces archéologiques, y compris des sculptures … rares, des bijoux et autres objets de luxe, ainsi que la couverture du … sarcophage de la reine Nefertari. Le Museo Egizio di Torino a prêté 245 de ses … plus beaux objets pour l’exposition. ¬ 2619 L’exposition montre la richesse dont jouissaient les dames royales de l’Égypte … ancienne et les honneurs qui leur étaient rendus. À l’époque du Nouvel Empire, … l’Égypte ancienne était au comble de sa puissance. Les pharaons étaient … vénérés comme des dieux. Leurs reines ont également bénéficié de ce double … statut divin et royal. Elles ont rempli des fonctions religieuses importantes … et ont parfois eu des temples spécialement construits pour elles. Leur statut … divin a souvent été maintenu après leur mort. ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 188/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2620 L’exposition est organisée en collaboration avec l’Université de Leiden et le … Museo Egizio di Torino et sponsorisée par l’Office égyptien de tourisme à … Bruxelles, l’Agence du patrimoine culturel des Pays-Bas. Le partenaire … médiatique pour cette exposition est la revue National Geographic aux Pays-Bas … et en Belgique. (Nasma Réda, « Les reines du Nil aux Pays-Bas », Al-Ahram … Hebdo du 7 décembre 2016). ¬ 2621 ¬ 2622 This week was very fruitful for the repatriation of stolen antiquities. Egypt … succeeded in recovering seven distinguished artefacts that had been illegally … smuggled out of the country. ¬ 2623 Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî announced that the Egyptian embassy … in the United States received in early December four Late Period artefacts … while the Egyptian embassy in Switzerland received an ancient Egyptian stelae. … On Wednesday, the Egyptian embassy in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) received … two Islamic lamps. ¬ 2624 These objects will arrive to Egypt as soon as shipping and packaging … procedures are completed. ¬ 2625 al-‘Inânî expressed his full appreciation for the efforts exerted by both the … ministries of foreign affairs and the interior in collaboration with the … Ministry of Antiquities as well as foreign authorities to repatriate the … objects and protect Egypt’s cultural and archaeological heritage. ¬ 2626 Sha‘bân ‘Abd al-Gawwâd, general supervisor of the Antiquities Repatriation … Department at the ministry said that the pieces recovered from the UAE … consists of two Islamic lamps that were stolen from the store gallery of the … National Museum of Egyptian Civilisation (NMEC) in 2015, along with two other … lamps. The thieves replaced them with replicas. One of the lamps belongs to … Sultan Barqûq and has been recently recovered from London. The second is still … missing while the third and forth were recovered from the UAE. ¬ 2627 ‘Abd al-Gawwâd explained that the first recovered lamp from the UAE belongs to … Prince al-Silihdâr while the second belongs to Sultan Hasan. ¬ 2628 From Switzerland Egypt repatriated three parts of an ancient Egyptian stelae … that were reported missing from al-Qurna store on Luxor’s west bank in 1995. ¬ 2629 The stelae belongs to a man called Sheshenefertom and is carved in limestone. … It was originally discovered by an Italian archaeological mission from Rome … University inside Shashanq tomb number TT27 at al.‘Asâsîf necropolis on … Luxor’s west bank. ¬ 2630 ‘Abd al-Gawwâd pointed out that the objects recovered from the United States … are dated to the Late Pharaonic period and includes a wizened mummified hand, … a painted child sarcophagus, a gilded mummy mask, an anthropoid li of a wooden … sarcophagus decorated with different ancient Egyptian religious scenes, as … well as a painted linen mummy shroud. ¬ 2631 ¬ 2632 ¬ 2633 Early December, Egypt signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the … United States that imposes restrictions on the importation of illicit … antiquities from Egypt. ¬ 2634 ‘Abd al-Gawwâd said the most important articles of the MoU is that the US … government has to return to Egypt any material on the designated list /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 189/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2634… forwarded to Washington. It should also use its best efforts to facilitate … technical assistance in cultural resource management and security in Egypt, as … appropriate, under available programmes. ¬ 2635 ‘Abd al-Gawwâd added that according to the MoU Egypt should promote best … practices in cultural resource management and encourage coordination among … cultural heritage authorities tourism authorities, religious authorities, and … development agencies to ensure the enforcement of laws that protect heritage … sites from encroachment, unsanctioned appropriation, looting, and damage. … (Nevine El-Aref, “Fruitful week for repatriation of Egyptian antiquities: … Report”, Ahram Online, December 7, 2016. Voir également Hiba ‘Âdil, « L’Égypte … récupère 7 pièces archéologiques volées aux États-Unis, en Suisse et aux … Émirats arabes unis », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 6 décembre ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « 7 … pièces antiques restituées par les États-Unis, la Suisse et les Émirats arabes … unis », Sada al-Balad, 6 décembre ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « Les Émirats arabes unis … restituent à l’Égypte 2 lampes », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 15 décembre). ¬ 2636 « Les antiquités saisies des ports égyptiens du 1986-2016 » est le titre d’une … exposition tenue dans la salle 44 du Musée égyptien du Caire. Inaugurée par le … ministre des Antiquités, Khâlid al-‘Inânî, le 24 octobre dernier, elle va … durer jusqu’au 15 décembre. Il s’agit de présenter 350 pièces de différentes … époques de l’histoire égyptienne : pharaonique, gréco-romaine, byzantine, … copte et islamique, avec une rare collection de monuments juifs et des pièces … de l’ère de la famille de Muhammad ‘Alî. « On a choisi les plus belles pièces, … celles qui ont le plus de valeur du côté historique, on a aussi pris en … considération que les pièces présentées au public soient de différentes … époques », explique Ahmad al-Râwî, directeur de l’Unité des pièces … archéologiques, assurant que cette exposition sera organisée chaque année. De … nombreux personnages fascinés par le thème de l’exposition ont assisté à son … inauguration. ¬ 2637 « Ces pièces sont exposées pour la première fois au public, elles ont toutes … été saisies avant leur sortie clandestine du pays. Elles ont été restaurées … dans le laboratoire du Musée Égyptien avant leur exposition », souligne la … directrice du musée, Sabâh ‘Abd al-Râziq. D’après elle, cette exposition a … également pour objectif de rendre hommage à l’Unité des pièces archéologiques … saisies dans les ports maritimes et aériens, pour son travail depuis sa … création il y a 30 ans. « Il s’agit aussi de célébrer l’excellente coopération … entre le ministère des Antiquités et celui de l’Intérieur », ajoute-t-elle. ¬ 2638 Dans la salle à droite, des monuments juifs sont exposés dans une vitrine, … dont des boîtes cylindriques en bois tapissées de velours rouge et décorées de … calligraphie hébraïque en argent. Ces boîtes servent à conserver l’Ancien … Testament. Dans la même vitrine sont également exposées une ancienne couronne … en argent, une lame de couteau remontant à 1890, deux petites cloches … utilisées dans les synagogues égyptiennes, des boîtes métalliques sur … lesquelles sont inscrits des textes en hébreu. C’est là que Mâgda Hârûn, chef … de la communauté juive en Égypte, s’est arrêtée pour examiner attentivement … cette rare collection. ¬ 2639 « Ces pièces ont été saisies en 2014 au port de Damiette à bord d’un énorme … conteneur transportant des marchandises vers la Belgique », se souvient … Muhammad ‘Uthmân, directeur général des Unités archéologiques dans les ports /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 190/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2639… maritimes. Ces pièces d’art juives, qui sont au nombre de 42, ont été volées … de plusieurs synagogues ainsi que des entrepôts des sites archéologiques et … des musées. ¬ 2640 Une statue en marbre blanc de taille moyenne remontant à l’époque … gréco-romaine est exposée dans la même salle. Celle-ci avait été saisie en … 2009 au port de Suez. ¬ 2641 Ainsi, derrière chaque pièce exposée il y a une histoire. Une des pièces les … plus remarquables est celle d’un berceau en bois en forme ovale, décoré d’une … couronne dorée avec une moustiquaire. « Ce berceau a été saisi à l’aéroport … international du Caire en 1993. Ce lit remonte au règne du roi Fârûq et a été … mis en vente, selon les enquêtes judiciaires, à 5 millions de dollars », … indique ‘Uthmân. ¬ 2642 ¬ 2643 ¬ 2644 ¬ 2645 Des icônes et des fragments de papyrus coptes occupent une partie de la salle … d’exposition, ainsi que des plats et vases sur lesquels sont inscrits des … épigraphes arabes et quelques versets du Coran. ¬ 2646 La première Unité archéologique de la saisie des antiquités a été créée à … l’aéroport international du Caire en 1986. Une étape qui a été suivie par la … création d’autres unités à Louqsor, au port de Rafah, entre autres. « On en … est aujourd’hui à une quarantaine d’unités dans la plupart des ports et … aéroports d’Égypte. On souhaite couvrir tous les ports, afin de pouvoir mettre … fin à la sortie de nos pièces antiques », explique Ahmad al-Râwî, directeur du … secteur des antiquités saisies. ¬ 2647 « Notre travail n’est pas facile. Chaque jour, les trafiquants inventent de … nouvelles méthodes », souligne ‘Uthmân. « Le plus fréquent c’est le trafic des … pièces de monnaie métalliques remontant à différentes époques. On trouve ces … pièces avec des Égyptiens comme avec des étrangers », ajoute-t-il. ¬ 2648 Plusieurs pancartes de grande taille sont affichées dans la salle … d’exposition, racontant l’acheminement des pièces saisies. Parmi les … opérations les plus importantes, la saisie au port de ‘Ayn al-Sukhna de 1 120 … pièces antiques en 2014. (Nasma Réda, « Une exposition doublée d’un hommage », … Al-Ahram Hebdo du 7 décembre 2016). ¬ 2649 Le secrétaire général du Conseil Suprême des Antiquités, Dr Mustafa Amîn, a … procédé à trois nouvelles nominations : ¬ 2650 1) Hâla Qadrî Silîm est nommée directrice générale des ressources humaines au … sein du ministère. ¬ 2651 2) Muhammad Sayf al-Sayyid est nommé vice-directeur général des ressources … humaines. ¬ 2652 3) Muhammad ‘Abd al-Mun‘im ‘Uwayda est désigné directeur général des affaires … financières. (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Nouvelles nominations au sein du ministère … de l’Archéologie », Sada al-Balad, 7 décembre 2016. Voir également Ahmad … Mansûr, « Remaniement administratif interne au sein du CSA », al-Yawm … al-Sâbi‘, 7 décembre). ¬ 2653 ¬ 2654 ¬ 2655 Shukrî and KERRY signing the MoU ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 191/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2656 For the first time, the United States has signed a bilateral memorandum of … understanding (MoU) with Egypt to impose restrictions on the importation of … illicit antiquities into the US from Egypt. ¬ 2657 The MoU outlines the types of objects that require legal permits to enter the … US and also involves law-enforcement training to assist in recognising … artefacts and antiquities that may be illegally smuggled into the country. ¬ 2658 It was signed earlier this week in Washington by Egyptian Foreign Minister … Sâmih Shukrî and US Secretary of State John KERRY. ¬ 2659 Since 1983, the US has signed bilateral agreements with 16 countries, half of … them in Central and South America. Egypt is the first Middle Eastern and North … African country to sign such an agreement with the US. ¬ 2660 According to the MoU, Sha‘bân ‘Abd al-Gawwâd, supervisor of the Antiquities … Repatriation Department at the Ministry of Culture, told Al-Ahram Weekly that … the US government would have to return to Egypt any material on a designated … list. ¬ 2661 ¬ 2662 ¬ 2663 It would also need to use its best efforts to facilitate technical assistance … in cultural resource management and security to Egypt under available … programmes particularly in the public and/or private sectors as well as inform … the Egyptian government of all seized Egyptian artefacts once they enter … American territory through diplomatic channels. ¬ 2664 ‘Abd al-Gawwâd said that Egypt should strengthen mechanisms to promote best … practices in cultural resource management and should encourage coordination … among the country’s cultural heritage, tourism, and religious authorities, as … well as its development agencies, in order to ensure the enforcement of laws … that protect heritage sites from encroachment, unsanctioned appropriation, … looting, and damage. ¬ 2665 Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî described the MoU as “very important” … because it would help Egypt protect its priceless heritage and support the … country in its fight against illicit antiquities trading and smuggling. ¬ 2666 Within the framework of MoU, the Egyptian Embassy in Washington has already … repatriated four artefacts that were stolen and illegally smuggled out of … Egypt to the US. The objects date to the Late Pharaonic Period and include a … mummified hand, a painted child sarcophagus, a gilded mummy mask, an … anthropoid lid of a wooden sarcophagus decorated with different religious … scenes, as well as a painted linen mummy shroud decorated with a collar. ¬ 2667 ¬ 2668 The mummified hand ¬ 2669 These artefacts, ‘Abd al-Gawwâd said, were seized as part of an extensive, … five-year antiquities trafficking operation launched by the US Immigration and … Customs Enforcement (ICE) authorities named "Operation Mummy's Curse" in 2009. … The mummy hand had arrived in a parcel at Los Angeles International Airport in … January 2013 as a sci-fi movie prop. But officials noticed that the hand was … part of an ancient Egyptian mummy, he said. ¬ 2670 According to the National Geographic magazine’s website, investigations in … Operation Mummy’s Curse were led by US Homeland Security Investigations and … the ICE in 2008 when federal authorities were alerted to an artefact offered /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 192/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2670… for sale by New York-based antiquities dealer Musa Khûlî. ¬ 2671 “The artefact appeared identical to an object in the hands of a man in a … photograph accompanying a 2003 article on the looting of the ancient site of … Isin in Iraq,” the National Geographic wrote, adding that some 7,000 artefacts … from countries including Egypt, Iraq, and Yemen were ultimately seized, along … with more than $80,000 and a 9mm handgun. ¬ 2672 “Four men were eventually indicted in the case, with antiquities dealer Khûlî … sentenced to six months home confinement, up to 200 hours of community … service, one year of probation, and a $200 fine. A collector, Joseph Lewis II, … had all charges dismissed following a 12-month deferred prosecution agreement … with the government,” the Website said. ¬ 2673 In April 2015, ICE handed over dozens of other artefacts to Egypt, including a … nesting sarcophagus the agency had recovered from a garage in Brooklyn, New … York. ¬ 2674 The mummy hand was relinquished voluntarily by its purchaser after it was … seized by a US customs patrol in Los Angeles. It was initially believed to … belong to a kidnapping victim, until a medical examiner assured the FBI that … the "victim" had been dead for more than 2,000 years. ¬ 2675 ‘Abd al-Gawwâd told the Weekly that although international agreements with … foreign countries and Egypt’s antiquities law had long protected the country’s … heritage, the recent boom of the antiquities black market had caused smugglers … to use forged papers to loot and smuggle artefacts into the US under the guise … of the legal antiquities market. ¬ 2676 The website Live Science recently wrote that US Census Bureau documents showed … that about $26 million worth of artefacts were exported from Egypt to the US … during the first six months of 2016. ¬ 2677 “This market can now be shut down through the newly signed MoU between Egypt … and the United States which imposes tougher import restrictions on Egyptian … archaeological materials that date from prehistoric times to 1517 CE,” ‘Abd … al-Gawwâd said. (Nevine El-Aref, “A historic agreement”, Al-Ahram Weekly, … December 8, 2016). ¬ 2678 ¬ 2679 ¬ 2680 ¬ 2681 On the initiative of French president François HOLLANDE and Abu Dhabi crown … prince sheikh Muhammad Bin Zâyyid al-Nahyân, an International Conference for … the Protection of Endangered Cultural Heritage in Armed Conflict Areas … (ICPECHACA) was held late last week under the patronage of UNESCO in Abu … Dhabi. ¬ 2682 The two-day Conference brought together heads of state and ministers from over … 40 countries affected by heritage loss due to armed conflicts, alongside key … players involved in the field of heritage preservation, international public … and private institutions, museums and private donors engaged in the field of … cultural heritage, as well as experts working in the field. ¬ 2683 After various speeches, commentaries and presentations, the Conference … launched a Declaration on the Protection of Endangered Heritage that endorsed … the creation of a new International Fund for the Protection of Heritage with … an initial contribution by France of US$30 million and the objective to /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 193/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2683… collect US$100 million in the future. It also recommended a follow-up … conference in 2017 to help assess the implementation of the initiatives … outlined in the Abu Dhabi Declaration. ¬ 2684 According to a UNESCO press release, HOLLANDE said that the “Fund will provide … much.needed resources to protect heritage under attack and will be managed in … close collaboration with UNESCO and respect UNESCO Cultural Conventions and … international norms.” ¬ 2685 “One year ago, we adopted the Paris Climate Agreement at the COP21 Conference … for the preservation of our planet and for future generations. Today, we adopt … this Abu Dhabi Declaration, with concrete measures and new tools to protect … the legacy of our ancestors. This is a call to action, as there is no greater … responsibility than that of building bridges between the past and the future … of humanity,” HOLLANDE said. ¬ 2686 UNESCO director-general Irina BOKOVA said, “Over recent years, we have built a … new cultural landscape, a new approach for the protection of heritage as a key … security issue. This initiative and the creation of this Fund break new … ground. It sends a powerful signal of hope, and I see this as the starting … point of something larger — a new commitment for culture, education and human … dignity.” ¬ 2687 BOKOVA highlighted UNESCO’s achievements in Mali and other countries as well … as the importance of a coordinated approach for the safeguarding of heritage. … She noted that the Conference would reinforce international efforts to … prevent, to respond, and to rehabilitate heritage after destruction and was … testimony to the power of culture to unite. ¬ 2688 “The cultural cleansing we have seen in the Middle East has affected people … everywhere, and UNESCO is fully mobilised, catalysing a global movement for … heritage. Together, we are building a new cultural landscape, a new approach … to protect culture for peace and security. The protection of heritage cannot … be delinked from the protection of human life, and it cannot wait,” BOKOVA … said. ¬ 2689 Sheikh Muhammad Bin Zâyyid al-Nahyân recalled the importance of culture to … building resilient societies at the Conference. “The world has a shared … responsibility for protecting human cultural heritage,” he said, calling on … participants to strengthen commitments against the illicit trafficking of … cultural property, which was weakening identities and contributing to the … financing of terrorism. ¬ 2690 Among the participants at the Conference were Kuwaiti emir sheikh Sabâh … al-Ahmad al-Gâbir al-Sabâh, Yemeni president ‘Abd Rabbu Mansûr Hâdî, Afghan … president Ashraf Ghani, Malian president Ibrahim Boubacar Keita, prime … minister of the Government of National Accord of Libya Fayez al-Sarrâg, and … the prime ministers of Senegal and Greece. Omani minister of foreign affairs … Yûsuf bin ‘Alawî was among the attendees, as well as the Aga Khan, head of the … Ismaili Muslims. ¬ 2691 “I am personally very glad that finally the political players are giving … enough attention to cultural heritage preservation,” Monica Hannâ, a professor … at the Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport in Cairo, … told the Weekly, adding that it was good that France was spearheading such … efforts. ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 194/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2692 ¬ 2693 ¬ 2694 She said she hoped more states would join with their expertise and local … efforts, but pointed out that some may suspect the western interest in … cultural heritage preservation efforts. ¬ 2695 She added that many end-market countries in the heritage trade had ratified … the UNESCO 1970 Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the … Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, but … some had not agreed to all its articles, including Israel, the United States, … and the United Arab Emirates. Qatar and Saudi Arabia had signed the … Convention, she said, but their support had tended to be only on paper. ¬ 2696 “The current Conventions and legislation are not enough to safeguard the … cultural heritage, and the current laws in Europe and the US are much less … severe on illegal antiquities dealing than they are on drugs, arms and … human.trafficking,” Hannâ said. ¬ 2697 There should be prosecutions of antiquities dealers who trade in stolen … heritage from the Middle East as well as private collectors. A main challenge … was object laundering, she said, in which objects are given falsified … identities and auctioned off or sold to museums and private collectors. ¬ 2698 Syria and Iraq have been badly hit by the illegal smuggling of antiquities, … but so have Libya and Yemen, she said. She added that she had been asked by … one woman in Yemen to talk about the country’s cultural heritage on the … grounds that this could “reduce the current airstrikes.” “The view among the … Arabs is that the West cares more about heritage than about Arab lives. This … could cause negative attitudes towards cultural heritage,” Hannâ said. ¬ 2699 Hannâ said that Reinhard BERNBECK of the Freie Universität in Berlin had … already argued that the destruction of the Bamiyan Buddha statues by the … Taliban in 2001 had been seen as sending a political message rather than being … an act of hate against the cultural heritage. She argued that the scientific … committee of the new Fund should consist of 90 per cent Arab heritage … professionals from different Arab countries. There should be an involvement of … the Arab Archaeologists Union and the Arab League. ¬ 2700 “Western intervention should be limited to the transfer of expertise to Arab … colleagues, such as training on protecting museums or archaeological sites in … situations of armed conflict,” Hannâ said. Other examples could be training … local heritage professionals in state-of.the-art conservation, restoration and … preservation work. Work could then be carried out by Arab professionals … through proper community engagement and not by foreign missions. ¬ 2701 Hannâ suggested that part of the Fund created by the Abu Dhabi Declaration … should be targeted towards training the police and army on illicit digging and … illegal antiquities dealing with a proper exchange of information between … Europe and the Arab countries. ¬ 2702 “Now, information is mostly shared between the European countries, UNESCO and … Interpol, without enough collaboration with the affected Arab states,” she … said, adding that a clear risk map and priority list for intervention with … stakeholders identified ahead of funds transfer needed to be put in place. ¬ 2703 Greater awareness of the need to make heritage work accessible to Arab … audiences was essential, Hannâ said. She said that 95 per cent of such work in /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 195/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2703… the past had been published in English, French and German, with only minimal … work published in Arabic. The Arab audience could not appreciate something … they did not know about, she said, and it was essential that more academic and … other publications should be made available in Arabic. ¬ 2704 “All this will not be achieved only with a Fund of this type. It will be … achieved through political lobbying in the affected countries suffering from … cultural heritage desecration,” Hannâ asserted, explaining that greater … efforts should be made in transferring knowledge and training and in framing … clearer legislation and tougher penalties. ¬ 2705 There was a need to work collaboratively with UNESCO member states on a … similar footing, rather than reproducing the stereotype of orientalist western … interest in the Orient, Hannâ concluded. (Nevine El-Aref, “New fund for … heritage”, Al-Ahram Weekly, December 8, 2016. Voir également Reuters, “France, … UAE launch fund to protect monuments in conflict areas”, Egypt Independent, … December 3 ; Nasma Réda, « À la rescousse du patrimoine menacé par les guerres … », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 7 décembre). ¬ 2706 ¬ 2707 ¬ 2708 ¬ 2709 ¬ 2710 Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) ¬ 2711 German company ATELIER BRÜCKNER has won a tender with the Egyptian Ministry of … Antiquities to design the display scenario at the new Grand Egyptian Museum … (GEM), which overlooks the Gîza Plateau. ¬ 2712 ATELIER BRÜCKNER is a leading global company in the field of architectural … designs for exhibitions and museums. The company has implemented 316 projects … in countries around the world and has won over 200 international awards in its … field. ¬ 2713 The Ministry of Antiquities had launched a tender for the job for 20 … international and local companies, 10 of which applied for the tender. … Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî had appointed a professional … committee, including scientists and experts, to evaluate which company would … be best suited for the job. ¬ 2714 The committee narrowed down the selection to four companies, of which ATELIER … BRÜCKNER came out on top. (Nevine El-Aref, “German company to design GEM … exhibit scenario”, Ahram Online, December 9, 2016. Voir également Ahmad Gûda, … « al-‘Inânî : Nous espérons une inauguration partielle du GEM fin 2017 », … al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 7 décembre). ¬ 2715 Lors de sa dernière réunion présidée par le secrétaire général du CSA, Dr … Mustafa Amîn, le Comité permanent des antiquités égyptiennes a approuvé la … demande déposée conjointement par l’université du Canal de Suez, l’université … de la Sorbonne et l’institut français d’archéologie orientale (Ifao), afin de … poursuivre leurs travaux dans la zone minière à ‘Ayn al-Sukhna. Du 1er janvier … au 31 mars 2017, les travaux de la mission engloberont la poursuite du … nettoyage des galeries, le dégagement des habitations des ouvriers, la … collecte d’échantillons et leur analyse dans le laboratoire de l’Ifao au … Caire. (Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie autorise la poursuite … des travaux de l’université du Canal de Suez et de l’université de la Sorbonne /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 196/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2715… à ‘Ayn al-Sukhna », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 9 décembre 2016). ¬ 2716 ¬ 2717 Sekhmet bust ¬ 2718 Egyptian archaeologists excavating the Mortuary Temple of King Amenhotep III … in Luxor have unearthed a number of statues of the goddess Sekhmet, daughter … of the ancient Egyptian sun god Re, project director Hourig SOUROUZIAN told … Ahram Online on Thursday. ¬ 2719 “They are of great artistic quality” SOUROUZIAN said of the statues, which … were found in four parts, including three busts and one headless torso, in the … Kom al-Hîtân archaeological area on Luxor’s west bank. ¬ 2720 SOUROUZIAN oversees the work of the Colossi of Memnon and Amenhotep III Temple … Conservation Project, which is working to save the remains of the more than … 3,000 year-old temple and eventually restore its dispersed artefacts to the … site, to be presented in their original layout. ¬ 2721 The project director said her team found the Sekhmet pieces in very good … condition, buried in the temple’s hypostyle hall — a roofed structure … supported by columns. Several other statues of the goddess have been found … previously on the same site. ¬ 2722 ¬ 2723 ¬ 2724 According to Mahmûd ‘Afîfî, head of the Ancient Egyptian Antiquities … Department at the Ministry of Antiquities, the lion-headed goddess Sekhmet was … charged with defending her father Re against enemies. The many statues of the … goddess in the temple of Amenhotep III would also have been intended to … protect the ruler from evil and disease, ‘Afîfî told Ahram Online. ¬ 2725 “All statues of the goddess are now stored in warehouses supervised by the … Ministry of Antiquities for security reasons,” ‘Afîfî said, adding that when … excavations at the temple are completed and the site is opened to visitors, … the statues will be placed back in their original setting. ¬ 2726 ¬ 2727 In addition to the statues of Sekhmet, SOUROUZIAN’s team have uncovered large … pieces of sphinxes carved in limestone, as well as a small torso of a deity in … black granite, within the vicinity of the funerary temple’s third pylon. “The … sphinxes are in a bad state of preservation and will need to be treated before … being exposed,” she said. ¬ 2728 Egypt’s Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî is set to travel to Luxor on … Monday, to inspect the newly discovered statues and attend the opening of a … temporary exhibit to celebrate the 41st anniversary of the Luxor Museum. The … exhibit will display a collection of 40 artefacts discovered by archaeologists … on the Colossi of Memnon and Amenhotep III Temple Conservation Project. ¬ 2729 The artefacts will include a collection of amulets, Greco-Roman coins, remains … of clay pots and religious stelae — stone tablets or columns erected as … tombstones or boundary markers. (Nevine El-Aref, “Statues of lioness goddess … Sekhmet unearthed in Luxor’s Kom al-Hîtân excavation”, Ahram Online, December … 9, 2016. Voir également Hiba ‘Âdil, « Mise au jour de quelques statues dans le … temple d’Amenhotep III à Louqsor », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 9 décembre ; MENA, « … Découverte de deux statues de Sekhmet et du sphinx dans le temple d’Amenhotep … III à Louqsor », Sada al-Balad, 9 décembre ; Nasma Réda, « Sekhmet et Sphinx à /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 197/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2729… la cour d’Amenhotep III », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 21 décembre). ¬ 2730 ¬ 2731 Antiquities Minister Khâlid al-‘Inânî cancelled a scheduled visit to Luxor on … Monday in the wake of the bomb attack at Cairo’s Coptic cathedral a day … earlier which killed at least 23 people. al-‘Inânî had been scheduled to … inaugurate a temporary exhibition marking the 41st anniversary of Luxor … Museum, and to visit a number of antiquities sites in the governorate. ¬ 2732 The minister had initially announced on Sunday that the inauguration would go … ahead and only a celebration following the event would be cancelled. ¬ 2733 al-‘Inânî has condemned the bombing at Cairo’s Coptic cathedral complex, as … well as a similar bomb attack on Friday which killed six police personnel in … Gîza. “Both attacks are criminal acts that violate the principles of all … religions and moral values in targeting innocents and soldiers protecting the … nation,” he told Ahram Online. ¬ 2734 Ilhâm Salâh, head of the Ministry of Antiquities’ Museums Department, said … that the temporary exhibition at Luxor Museum is to last 60 days and put on … show a collection of 40 artefacts that were unearthed at King Amenhotep III’s … temple on Luxor’s west bank. (Nevine El-Aref, “Antiquities minister cancels … visit to Luxor after cathedral bomb”, Ahram Online, December 12, 2016. Voir … également Hiba ‘Âdil, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie dénonce l’attentat de la … cathédrale et annule une célébration prévue demain à Louqsor », al-Ahrâm … al-‘Arabî, 11 décembre ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Annulation des festivités … marquant le 41e anniversaire de la fondation du musée de Louqsor », Sada … al-Balad, 11 décembre). ¬ 2735 ¬ 2736 ¬ 2737 ¬ 2738 Considéré comme l’une des plus magnifiques structures érigées par les … Mamelouks en Égypte, le complexe de Qalâwwûn, situé dans le Vieux-Caire, vient … de retrouver son éclat originel. « Le comité chargé du Caire historique vient … tout juste d’achever les restaurations du complexe de Qalâwwûn », explique … Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Azîz, directeur de l’Historic Cairo Rehabilitation Project … (HCRP). ¬ 2739 À l’origine de ces restaurations, la forte montée des eaux souterraines de ces … derniers mois, qui menaçait sérieusement le célèbre complexe mamelouk. … Certains murs et meubles de l’édifice ont d’ailleurs été endommagés. Situé … dans la rue al-Mu‘izz, le complexe de Qalâwwûn, fondé en 1280 par le sultan … al-Mansûr Sayf al-Dîn Qalâwwûn, se compose d’un mausolée, d’une madrasa … (école) et d’un bîmâristân (hôpital). Il marque les débuts d’un nouveau … mouvement architectural : le style mamelouk. ¬ 2740 Cependant, ce joyau historique était jusqu’il y a peu de temps dans un état … déplorable. « Nous avons constaté qu’à cause de la montée des eaux, le taux … d’humidité avait atteint un niveau plus qu’anormal, et que des traces de sel … étaient apparues sur les murs », explique ‘Abd al-‘Azîz. La première étape, … décrit-il, a été d’analyser la provenance de ces eaux. « Nous nous sommes … assurés que ce n’était pas des eaux d’égouts, mais bien le résultat d’une … montée naturelle du niveau des nappes phréatiques », précise-t-il. ¬ 2741 The Arab Contractors Osman Ahmed Osman & Co. a pris en charge le repérage des /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 198/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2741… zones d’évacuation des eaux souterraines qui étaient bloquées. « Bien que les … travaux de drainage n’aient duré qu’un mois, l’accumulation de sel et … l’augmentation du taux d’humidité sur les murs ont inquiété des responsables … du ministère des Antiquités », souligne Wa‘d ‘Abd al-‘Âl, directeur du projet. … Le ministère des Antiquités a demandé de faire une estimation d’urgence des … dégâts qu’avait subis le précieux bâtiment, ainsi que tous les autres édifices … historiques de la rue al-Mu‘izz. ¬ 2742 Ce n’est pas la première fois que le complexe de Qalâwwûn est restauré. En … 2007, le ministère des Antiquités avait établi un programme de restauration … pour le complexe d’un budget de 37 millions de L.E. qui comprenait la … consolidation des murs, des sols et la restauration des boiseries et des … décorations de l’édifice. (Nasma Réda, « Qalâwwûn désormais hors de danger », … Al-Ahram Hebdo du 14 décembre 2016). ¬ 2743 ¬ 2744 Le Parquet de Genève a décidé de rendre à l’Égypte une stèle volée, il y a … trente ans dans le temple de Bahbît al-Hagar, bâti durant l’Antiquité dans le … delta du Nil, à côté de la ville de Mansûra. « À l’occasion d’un contrôle … d’inventaire aux Ports-Francs genevois fin 2014 (ndlr, entrepôts qui … permettent de conserver toutes sortes d’objets, sans payer de droits de douane … ni de TVA), l’Inspection fédérale des douanes de Genève a identifié (...) un … relief en granit d’origine inconnue et a signalé le cas aux autorités … genevoises, qui ont ouvert une procédure pénale », a indiqué le maire de … Genève. ¬ 2745 Après examen de la stèle par le professeur Philippe COLLOMBERT, titulaire de … la chaire d’égyptologie à l’Université de Genève, l’enquête a pu remonter … jusqu’au temple de Bahbît al-Hagar. La justice genevoise indique par ailleurs … que des clichés pris sur le site dans les années 1970 par l’archéologue … française Christine FAVARD-MEEKS, « comparés aux prises de vue plus récentes, … ont établi sans doute possible que le relief de granit avait été volé et … appartenait au temple de Bahbît al-Hagar ». ¬ 2746 La stèle sera prochainement remise aux autorités égyptiennes par la … coordinatrice des biens culturels de la police fédérale suisse. (Nasma Réda, « … Genève rend une stèle appartenant à l'Égypte », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 14 décembre … 2016. Voir également Ahmad ‘Abd al-Halîm, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie … récupère 7 pièces archéologiques volées aux États-Unis, en Suisse et aux … Émirats », al-Shurûq, 6 décembre). ¬ 2747 Le superviseur du département de la publication scientifique, Dr al-Husayn … ‘Abd al-Basîr, a annoncé que le ministère de l’Archéologie examine … actuellement la possibilité de se lancer dans l’édition numérique. Cette … initiative vise à assurer une meilleure diffusion des publications à … l’étranger, ce qui augmentera les recettes du ministère. « Je travaille … actuellement sur ce dossier. La modernisation de notre pôle éditorial passera … à travers la confection d’ebooks et la mise en place d’un site internet … permettant la vente online de nos publications partout dans le monde. … L’édition numérique nous aidera à résoudre de nombreux problèmes, notamment la … fourniture en papier, encre, ainsi que la main d’œuvre », précise ‘Abd … al-Basîr. (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « ‘Abd al-Basîr : Nous étudions la ¬ 2748 ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 199/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2749 ¬ 2750 possibilité numérique 2016). de », nous Sada lancer al-Balad, dans 14 … l’édition décembre ¬ 2751 - - ¬ 2752 ¬ 2753 ¬ 2754 Mustafa Amîn, general secretary of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, has … ordered on Thursday security tightened at all archaeological sites and museums … across Egypt in the wake of Sunday’s deadly bombing in the Church of St. Peter … and St. Paul in Cairo, which left 25 dead and more than 40 injured. ¬ 2755 Amîn told Ahram Online that he ordered all top officials in the ministry to … coordinate efforts with the Tourism and Antiquities Police, National Security … Agency, the Armed Forces, and the Civil Defence Authority in order to respond … to any potential attack at heritage sites. ¬ 2756 “All archaeological sites and museums are safe and well protected by police … and security personnel,” Amîn asserted. (Nevine El-Aref, “Security measures … tightened at all Egypt’s archaeological sites and museums: Official”, Ahram … Online, December 15, 2016. Voir également MENA, « Le ministère de … l’Archéologie est prêt à participer à la restauration de l’église … al-Butrusiyya », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 11 décembre ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Le … ministère de l’Archéologie est prêt à restaurer les icônes de l’église … al-Butrusiyya affectées par l’attentat terroriste », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 11 … décembre). ¬ 2757 ¬ 2758 The Ministry of Antiquities officially received on Thursday two Islamic-era … Egyptian lamps that were recovered last week from the United Arab Emirates … (UAE). ¬ 2759 The antiquities ministry received the lamps in a ceremony at the Ministry of … Foreign Affairs headquarters on the Nile Corniche in Cairo. ¬ 2760 Sha‘bân ‘Abd al-Gawwâd, general supervisor of the Antiquities Repatriation … Department at the antiquities ministry, told Ahram Online that the lamps were … stolen from the store gallery of the National Museum of Egyptian Civilisation … (NMEC) in 2015, along with two other lamps. The thieves replaced them with … replicas. ¬ 2761 ‘Abd al-Gawwâd explained that one of the two lamps recovered from the UAE … belonged to the 19th century Prince Sulaymân Aghâ al-Silihdâr, while the other … belonged to The Mamluk Sultan al-Nâsir Hasan (1334–1361). ¬ 2762 The third of the stolen lamps belonged to 14th century Mamluk Sultan Barqûq … and was recovered from London in 2015. The fourth lamp is still missing. … (Nevine El-Aref, “Egypt antiquities ministry receives two stolen Islamic.era … lamps from UAE”, Ahram Online, December 15, 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, … « Le ministère de l’Archéologie récupère 7 pièces archéologiques volées aux … États-Unis, en Suisse et aux Émirats », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 6 décembre). ¬ 2763 At Kom al-Hîtân on the west bank of the Nile at Luxor, the two lonely Colossi … of Memnon are seated, greeting visitors to the Theban Necropolis and … safeguarding the Temple of Amenhotep III from oblivion since its collapse … 3,200 years ago after a massive earthquake. ¬ 2764 In the temple’s hypostyle hall and near its third pylon a new discovery has /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 200/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2764… been made, revealing another group of goddess Sekhmet colossi. ¬ 2765 ¬ 2766 ¬ 2767 “As the daughter of the sun god Re who defended the sun god against his … enemies, Sekhmet served as the protector of the ruler from evil, and she could … also cure disease,” Hourig SOUROUZIAN, director of the Colossi of Memnon and … Amenhotep III Temple Conservation Project (CMATCP), told Al-Ahram Weekly, … explaining that the newly discovered statues were of great importance in the … interior design of the temple. ¬ 2768 The statues were found in four parts, including three busts and one headless … chest, she said. ¬ 2769 At the temple’s third pylon, large pieces of colossal sphinxes carved in … limestone were also uncovered, as well as a small torso of a deity in black … granite. The sphinxes are in a bad state of conservation and will need to be … treated before being put on display. ¬ 2770 SOUROUZIAN said the statues of Sekhmet were well preserved and matched pieces … found in the temple during past excavation seasons. Several other statues of … Sekhmet have been discovered in the past by the same team at this site. ¬ 2771 All the statues of the goddess are now being stored in an official storehouse … of the Ministry of Antiquities. When the site has been properly protected, … these statues will be placed back in their original setting. ¬ 2772 The originally awe-inspiring temple of the pharaoh Amenhotep III now appears … as simply slight elevations and depressions in the packed earth, with blocks, … statues and fragments scattered across the surface. However, three of the … temple’s original pylons can now be discerned, along with the statues and … stelae that once decorated its different courts. ¬ 2773 The efforts exerted by the CMATCP and the Ministry of Antiquities under the … supervision of SOUROUZIAN have make the dream of the reconstruction of the … lost temple almost come true. ¬ 2774 The temple was built throughout the 38 years of the pharaoh’s reign in the … first half of the 14th century BCE. Some 150 years later, it was toppled after … a destructive earthquake hit the country around 1,200 BCE. ¬ 2775 The site was then used as a quarry, and most of the blocks and decorative … elements from the temple were re-used in the construction of surrounding … temples and structures. Later, the remains of the temple were regularly … subjected to floods, and it was covered with the alluvial layers of the Nile. ¬ 2776 In the 19th century, collectors scoured the site, taking away several royal … statues, smaller divine effigies and statues of the goddess Sekhmet. These are … now in the hands of private collectors or exhibited at museums abroad. ¬ 2777 At the beginning of the 20th century, the Egyptian Antiquities Service of the … time inspected the site, and more recently work was carried out there in … collaboration with the Swiss Institute in 1964 and 1970, the results being … published in 1981. ¬ 2778 Since then, the site has been abandoned, and the visible remains of the temple … have been in a poor state of conservation, submerged by water, invaded by … vegetation or threatened by encroachment or vandalism. ¬ 2779 In 1998, the CMATCP started a salvage operation at the temple in order to … conserve the last remains of the ruined site and to mount the monuments in /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 201/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2779… their original locations within the temple’s walls. ¬ 2780 Over the different archaeological seasons since, excavation and conservation … work has been carried out and the architecture of this magnificent temple … finally revealed. ¬ 2781 Meanwhile, on the east bank of the Nile at Luxor, a temporary exhibition has … been organised at the Luxor Museum to mark its 41st anniversary. The … exhibition will last for two months and shows a collection of 40 ancient … Egyptian artefacts found in the Amenhotep III Temple. ¬ 2782 Among its highlights is a seated double life.sized statue of Amenhotep III … that was discovered during the excavation work of the CMATCP in 2009 at the … entrance of the temple’s peristyle court. A red granite fragment depicting a … scene showing a Nubian prisoner is another important object on display. ¬ 2783 A selection of smaller objects including amulets, ostraca, Graeco-Roman coins, … limestone and black and red granite royal heads, the remains of clay pots and … religious stelae are also on display. ¬ 2784 The exhibition also includes three panels, which present the discovery and the … erection of fragments of the statuary discovered at the site. “As this is an … inseparable activity at the site and as it is impossible to transport these to … the exhibition, the team found it necessary to include these activities in … panels and videos. These are running on a special screen in the exhibition” … SOUROUZIAN said. ¬ 2785 ¬ 2786 ¬ 2787 The Luxor Museum was originally opened to the public in 1976, and in 1989 and … 2003 the museum was enlarged and an extension added. It is an air-conditioned … building on two levels, with objects effectively illuminated against … near.black walls. It contains some wonderful artefacts, and is designed to … create individual vistas at strategic positions to encourage an uninterrupted … flow of visitors. ¬ 2788 Two of the first objects that catch the visitor’s eye are an enormous, … red-granite head of Amenhotep III and a cow-goddess head from the tomb of … Tutankhamun. At a key position on the ground floor is a masterpiece of … sculpture in the form of a calcite double-statue of the crocodile god Sobek … with the pharaoh Amenhotep III, which was discovered at the bottom of a … water-filled shaft in Luxor in 1967. ¬ 2789 In 1989, a new wing of the museum was opened especially designed to display … the fine collection of stone sculptures found in the courtyard of Amenhotep … III in the Luxor Temple (in what is known as the “Luxor cachette”). These … objects were found in near-perfect condition when the court was being … excavated in order to consolidate the columns surrounding it. ¬ 2790 They were clearly carefully hidden in antiquity, perhaps by priests, to … prevent their destruction when the temple was transformed into a Roman camp in … the third century CE. They included a standing statue of Amenhotep III wearing … the double crown and represented as a cult statue on a sledge, a pair statue … of the gods Mut and Amun, three diorite statues of Haremhab, one kneeling … before a seated statue of Amun, Tutankhamun in the form of a sphinx, and a … seated-pair statue of the goddesses Hathor and Iunet. ¬ 2791 In 2003, the museum was expanded to allow for the exhibition of a number of /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 202/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2791… swords, shields, arrows, military chariots and the mummies of the military … leaders Thutmosis III and Ahmose I, as well as objects found in the military … encampment east of Luxor Temple. ¬ 2792 The design of the extension is in conformity with the original design of … architect Mahmûd al-Hâkim, which was lauded on its official opening in 1976. … The new wing is devoted to the military aspect of the New Kingdom and includes … reliefs featuring important wars such as Ramses II’s famous Battle of Kadesh. … It also displays medical implements and medicaments used for the treatment of … soldiers. ¬ 2793 Two colossal statues of Akhenaten along with some talâtât, (distinctive … painted sandstone blocks from his temples) which were found at the site of the … excavations, are also on show. (Nevine El-Aref, “New discoveries in Luxor”, … Al-Ahram Weekly, December 15, 2016. Voir également Ahmad ‘Abd al-Halîm, « Mise … au jour de fragments d’une statue de Sekhmet dans le temple de Thoutmosis III … à Louqsor », al-Shurûq, 9 décembre). ¬ 2794 In the halls dedicated to hosting the collection of the golden boy king … Tutankhamun at the planned Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) in Gîza, officials from … the Ministry of Antiquities and local and international media people gathered … this week to mark the announcement of the company that has won the bid to … produce the new museum’s exhibition design. ¬ 2795 Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî announced that the German company … ATELIER BRÜCKNER had won the tender launched six months ago to start building … the exhibition design of the GEM. ¬ 2796 The Ministry of Antiquities had launched a tender almost six months ago among … 20 international and local companies. A committee that included Egyptian and … foreign experts in architecture, museology, law and administration had … evaluated the work of the tendering companies and made a short list of four … from the United States, France, Canada and Germany. ¬ 2797 ATELIER BRÜCKNER then won the bid. ¬ 2798 “The soft opening of the GEM is scheduled for mid-2018, but we are working … hard to reach December 2017,” al-‘Inânî said, adding that the official opening … was planned for 2022. ¬ 2799 Supervisor-General of the GEM Târiq Tawfîq said that the winning company was … an outstanding global company in the field of designs for exhibitions and … museums. It has implemented 316 projects in different countries and won more … than 200 international awards in the field. ¬ 2800 The company is to design both the grand staircase hall and the two halls … dedicated to display Tutankhamun’s funerary collection at the GEM. The grand … staircase hall will put on show a collection of 100 royal colossi, blocks and … reliefs, among them the gigantic colossus of Ramses II transported in 2006 to … the GEM from Ramses Square in downtown Cairo. ¬ 2801 ¬ 2802 ¬ 2803 The halls of Tutankhamun’s collection will display the funerary collection of … the boy king, which includes 5,000 artefacts among them 3,000 objects that … have never been put on display before. These items, Tawfîq said, were stored … in the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr Square. He told Al-Ahram Weekly that the new … halls were 7,000 metres square and would be divided into four areas each /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 203/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2803… representing a chamber of Tutankhamun’s tomb. ¬ 2804 “This is the suggested idea from which the main design of the Tutankhamun … halls will be created,” Tawfîq said, adding that the cost of the design was … included in the overall cost of the GEM project. ¬ 2805 “We were very honoured to be invited to attend this bidding process, and of … course to finally win it. We will do our best to perform in the best possible … way to make the dream come true,” Uwe Rudolf BRÜCKNER, founder and creative … director of ATELIER BRÜCKNER, told the Weekly. ¬ 2806 The company is a leading design office for museums and exhibitions, … architecture, expo pavilions, brand and visitor centres. “As a general planner … we cover all design phases and disciplines — exhibition design/fit out, … architecture, scenography, graphics, lighting, media and content — through all … design phases,” BRÜCKNER said. “We have created 11 different designs for … museums as well as a number of permanent and temporary exhibitions worldwide.” ¬ 2807 “Our design is for the entire museum, but we will start with the Tutankhamun … collection. Our design philosophy is based on the idea that form follows … content, and this depends on the objects themselves and the story that comes … with them. Hence, we will start designing the collection from what the … curators tell us about the importance of the artefacts and the story behind … their discovery. Their beauty and meaning are also taken into consideration.” ¬ 2808 “What we want to do with the Tutankhamun collection is to enhance the … background story of every artefact in his collection in a way that highlights … the object and its artistic beauty as well as its background story. This is … what museums are all about,” BRÜCKNER said, adding that 21st-century museums … can open doors and windows to secret worlds that only a few people may know. ¬ 2809 “The idea of a museum, I think, is to let visitors participate in the … experience and knowledge of museologists and experts,” BRÜCKNER said. ¬ 2810 This could be achieved through the exhibited objects that remain the stars of … the exhibition. With smart story telling and scenography the background story … of the objects can be enhanced. For example, he explained, if a visitor is in … front of a beautiful artefact in a showcase, on demand he or she could touch … the showcase and information would appear relating the story of the object. ¬ 2811 “I have not designed something special for the iconic mask of Tutankhamun yet … because we have just started working, but I have some ideas in mind to enhance … its meaning and to connect it back to the other objects,” BRÜCKNER said. “I … think there are more surprises coming up.” ¬ 2812 “The previously unseen Tutankhamun collection, the flagship treasures if I may … call them this, is very well prepared as the curators did a great job in the … conservation and transportation. I am very curious about these 3,000 objects … that nobody has seen before, and for myself it is a privilege that the job has … been offered to us,” BRÜCKNER said. ¬ 2813 He told the Weekly that he liked the idea of enhancing the … re-contextualisation of the objects so people could better understand their … origins. “I want to create a journey of Egypt that does not stop in Gîza and … the Pyramids where the Museum is located, but travels south towards Upper … Egypt, Luxor and Aswân. It is an invitation towards a journey to the ancient … Egyptian culture,” BRÜCKNER concluded, adding that the goal would be to … attract visitors not once but several times in order to experience and explore /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 204/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2813… things they may have never seen before. ¬ 2814 Tawfîq said that the GEM would be partially open by mid-2018 and the opening … would include the inauguration of the grand staircase hall and the Tutankhamun … halls. ¬ 2815 A collection of 39,000 artefacts had been transported to the GEM from museums … and archaeological sites around the country. “We are planning to transfer … 100,000 artefacts as scheduled, and the transportation process is being … carried out according to the latest techniques,” Tawfîq added. ¬ 2816 ¬ 2817 ¬ 2818 “The Museum will provide the best environment for the display of Egypt’s … priceless treasures, as well as providing more space, better lighting, and … more information on them, all of which will help to do justice to Egypt’s … heritage,” Tawfîq said. ¬ 2819 The GEM project was launched in 2002 in order to build a state-of-the-art … antiquities museum near the Gîza Pyramids to solve the problems of the … overstuffed Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr Square and to bring together materials … stored at various archaeological sites across the country. ¬ 2820 The Museum complex will centre on what has been called the “Dunnal Eye,” an … area containing the main exhibition spaces. From this central hub a network of … streets, piazzas and bridges will link the Museum’s many sections. The design … is by Shih-Fu PENG of the Dublin architectural firm Heneghan, winner of the … international architectural competition held in 2003. ¬ 2821 The GEM is to display a collection of 100,000 objects from ancient Egypt … beginning with prehistory and going up to the early Roman period. Among the … objects on display will be the unique objects of the boy king Tutankhamun, … Hetepheres, mother of the pharaoh Khufu, Yuya and Thuya, the grandfathers of … the pharaoh Akhenaten, Senedjem, the principal artist of the pharaoh Ramses … II, and the royal mummies and treasures of Tanis. ¬ 2822 Funerary objects of Mekete-Re, a high.ranking official of the 11th Dynasty, … will also be among the items on display. The gigantic statue of Ramses II, and … the two solar boats of Khufu transported from the Gîza Plateau are also among … the exhibits. ¬ 2823 The GEM will house a conference centre with an auditorium seating 1,000 and … catering to theatrical performances, concerts, conferences and business … meetings. The main auditorium will be supplemented with seminar rooms, meeting … rooms, a multi-purpose hall suitable for a variety of events, and an open-plan … gallery for accompanying exhibitions. ¬ 2824 A 7,000 square metre commercial area with retail shops, cafeterias, … restaurants, leisure and recreational activities is planned for the … ground-floor level, as well as a 250-seat cinema. ¬ 2825 The first and second phases of the GEM were completed in 2010. They included … the construction of a power plant, fire station, and fully equipped … conservation centre built 10 metres below ground level. The centre has 12 … laboratories and four storage galleries. It is believed to be the largest such … facility in the world and is intended as a regional, as well as an Egyptian, … expert centre. ¬ 2826 The Museum’s storage rooms are equipped with units designed for secure storage /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 205/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2826… and easy access. The environment is determined by the materials kept in the … individual rooms, whether they are organic or non-organic, or require low … temperatures to optimise preservation. ¬ 2827 The LE5 billion project is funded by the Egyptian government and two loans … from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), which in 2006 provided … the first soft loan of US$300 million to be repaid over 30 years at ¬ 2828 1.5 per cent interest. Payments will be made in instalments after a 10-year … grace period following the GEM’s official opening. ¬ 2829 The second soft loan, made a month ago, is for some US$460 million, which the … government will repay over 25 years at an interest rate of 1.4 per cent after … a seven-year grace period. ¬ 2830 Another US$27 million has been donated by Egyptian businessmen, while the … ministry of culture under the former Mubârak regime provided US$150 million. … However, problems encountered after the 25 January Revolution led to budgetary … problems, slowing the construction of the new Museum. ¬ 2831 In 2012, a joint venture between Egypt’s Orascom Construction Industries (OCI) … and the Belgian BESIX Group was awarded the contract for the completion of the … GEM’s third phase, which includes the construction of the Museum’s main … building and landscaping. (Nevine El-Aref, “GEM design awarded”, Al-Ahram … Weekly, December 15, 2016. Voir également Hiba ‘Âdil, « La compagnie allemande … ATELIER BRÜCKNER remporte l’appel d’offres du GEM », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 7 … décembre ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Une entreprise allemande sélectionnée pour la … mise en place du scénario muséologique du GEM », Sada al-Balad, 7 décembre). ¬ 2832 ¬ 2833 ¬ 2834 ¬ 2835 ¬ 2836 Egypt’s Ministry of Antiquities received from London on Tuesday a limestone … relief that was stolen from Queen Hatshepsut’s temple in al-Dayr al-Baharî in … Luxor and illegally smuggled out of the country. ¬ 2837 Sha‘bân ‘Abd al-Gawwâd, general supervisor of the ministry’s Antiquities … Repatriation Department, told Ahram Online that the relief was stolen from the … temple in 1975 and resurfaced earlier this month at a small auction hall in … Spain, where is was bought by a British antiquities dealer. ¬ 2838 ‘Abd al-Gawwâd said that, in collaboration with the British Museum and Egypt’s … Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Antiquities proved Egypt’s … rightful ownership of the relief and repatriated it. ¬ 2839 He explains that the relief was stolen from one of the most important and … distinguished ancient Egyptian temples of the New Kingdom, and that it will be … returned to its original place in the temple. (Nevine El-Aref, “Stolen relief … of Queen Hatshepsut recovered from London”, Ahram Online, December 20, 2016. … Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « L’ambassade d’Égypte à Londres récupère une … pièce antique volée de Louqsor », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 20 décembre ; MENA, « … L’ambassade égyptienne à Londres récupère une pièce antique volée du temple … d’Hatchepsout », al-Shurûq, 20 décembre). ¬ 2840 ¬ 2841 During excavation work carried out below the visitors’ pathway in the northern … part of the west Aswân cemetery, at Qubbat al-Hawâ site, archaeologists from /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 206/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2841… the University of Birmingham and the Egypt Exploration Society (EES) Qubbat … al-Hawâ Research Project (QHRP), stumbled upon what is believed to be an … ancient Egyptian encroachment wall. ¬ 2842 Head of the Ancient Egyptian Antiquities Department at the Ministry of … Antiquities Mahmûd ‘Afîfî told Ahram Online that the wall is two-metres high … and is part of the architectural support of the known tombs of the first upper … terrace, including those of Harkhuf and Heqaib who were governors of … Elephantine Island during the Old Kingdom. ¬ 2843 ¬ 2844 The newly discovered wall ¬ 2845 Given the landscape of Qubbat al-Hawâ, he explained, the support wall helped … to secure the hillside and thus lower lying tombs that were accessible by a … causeway leading to a second terrace. ¬ 2846 Nasr Salâma, general director of Aswân and Nubia Antiquities, described the … discovery as “stunning,” adding that it is now only a matter of time until new … tombs are uncovered within the important cemetery. ¬ 2847 “This find is likely to change our understanding of the ancient funerary … landscape of Qubbat al-Hawâ,” said ‘Isâm Nâgî, co-director of the QHRP and … director of the EES office in Cairo, adding that the project’s future plan is … to follow the wall over its entire length in coming field seasons ¬ 2848 Imân Khalîfa, director of the pottery project within QHRP, said that early … studies on the discovered pottery shreds embedded within the mortar used to … build the wall show the exact dating of the wall. ¬ 2849 The studies, she continued, reveal that the crushed pieces include parts of … carinated bowls executed in style typical of the reign of King Pepi II from … the Sixth Dynasty (c 2278-2184 BC), together with pieces of Marl Clay jars … typical of the First Intermediate Period and the Middle Kingdom. “Thus … indicating the expansion of the cemetery during the latter part of both … periods,” Khalîfa pointed out. ¬ 2850 ¬ 2851 ¬ 2852 Mission director Martin BOMMAS of the University of Birmingham said that the … find was part of the project’s successful first field season, which included … the recent discovery of the long sought causeway of Sarenput I, first governor … of the area at the beginning of the Middle Kingdom. (Nevine El-Aref, … “Archaeologists find compelling evidence for new tombs at Qubbat al-Hawâ site … in Aswân”, Ahram Online, December 21, 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le … ministère de l’Archéologie annonce la découverte d’une enceinte pharaonique à … Aswân », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 21 décembre ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « Mise au jour d’un mur … antique dans la nécropole de Qubbat al-Hawâ à Aswân », al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 21 … décembre ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Découverte d’une enceinte dans le secteur Nord … de Qubbat al-Hawâ à Aswân », Sada al-Balad, 21 décembre). ¬ 2853 À 60 mètres de l’enceinte du tombeau du roi Sésostris III à Abydos dans le … gouvernorat de Suhâg, une équipe d’archéologues menée par Josef WEGNER, de … l’University of Pennsylvania, vient de mettre au jour une tombe construite … pour y abriter la barque funéraire du roi. Celle-ci est décorée de 120 … graffitis représentant des bateaux sur les murs. Il s’agit, en fait, d’une … grande salle souterraine voûtée, large d’environ 4 mètres et longue de 20 /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 207/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2853… mètres. ¬ 2854 Très soignée, la construction de cette tombe est en briques crues enduites. … Les briques ont la même taille et la même composition que celles de l’enceinte … du tombeau de Sésostris III. Ses constructeurs l’avaient conçue de sorte … qu’elle soit totalement dissimulée sous le sable. Cette salle est … littéralement constellée de 120 graffitis de barques, en plus de quelques … dessins d’animaux comme des vaches et des gazelles. ¬ 2855 En fait, cette tombe avait été fouillée au début du XXe siècle par … l’égyptologue anglais Arthur WEIGEL qui, à peine avait-il découvert un édifice … enterré qu’il y a eu un effondrement de la voûte de celui-ci. Suite à cet … effondrement, les travaux ont été arrêtés. Enterrée sous le sable du désert, … la tombe a disparu et fut oubliée pendant plus d’un siècle. Ce n’est qu’en … 2006 qu’on s’y est intéressé à nouveau, lorsque la mission archéologique de … l’University of Pennsylvania a commencé à fouiller le tombeau du pharaon … Sésostris III et ses alentours. ¬ 2856 En 2014, cette mission a commencé à éliminer des dizaines de tonnes de sable … et de poussière et a fini par dégager l’édifice. « Au début, je croyais que … c’était la tombe d’un ancien égyptien. J’ai été surpris lorsqu’on avait … pénétré dedans tant par les dessins des bateaux qui abondent sur les murs que … par un trou dans le sol qui ressemble à un réceptacle et qui semble avoir été … creusé pour y déposer un bateau avec une rampe en pente douce à l’entrée de la … tombe. Du bateau, il ne reste que cinq planches en bois dévorées par les … termites, en si mauvais état que l’équipe a décidé de les laisser sur place … pour le moment », explique WEGNER. ¬ 2857 Il ajoute que l’importance de cette découverte réside dans le fait que c’est … la première fois qu’on trouve un aussi grand nombre de dessins de bateaux dans … une tombe sur des murs lisses et clairs. « Cela n’a pas d’équivalent. C’est à … l’évidence un ensemble tout à fait exceptionnel de dessins, à la fois par leur … nombre et leur qualité. Plusieurs types d’embarcations de différentes … dimensions sont dessinés, qui vont des simples barques aux bateaux mieux … équipés avec mâts, voiles, gréements, cabines, roufs, gouvernails ou encore … rames et rameurs », reprend WEGNER. Selon lui, ces dessins sont sans doute … l’œuvre de plusieurs personnes. ¬ 2858 Certains dessinateurs ont visiblement le souci du détail, alors que d’autres … se bornent à esquisser coque et cabine en quelques traits. En outre, d’autres … indices suggèrent que plusieurs dessinateurs se sont succédés sur les lieux. … D’abord parce que certains dessins couvrent les autres. Les études actuelles … menées sur la tombe indiquent que les dessins ne datent pas tous de la même … époque. « Cette découverte assure une fois de plus que l’enterrement des … barques funéraires à proximité des tombeaux royaux est une longue tradition de … l’Égypte ancienne », ajoute l’égyptologue anglais. ¬ 2859 D’ailleurs, Sésostris III a construit une autre tombe, mais cette fois sous … forme de pyramide dans la région de Dahshûr près de Gîza. L’égyptologue … français Jacques DE MORGAN, au début du XXe siècle, avait mis au jour une … salle souterraine qui ressemble typiquement à celle découverte cette semaine, … près de sa pyramide, mais où il avait trouvé cinq barques plus petites et en … bon état. ¬ 2860 D’après WEGNER, ces petites barques n’auraient pas servi, a priori aux /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 208/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2860… funérailles de Sésostris III, ce qui semble assurer que ce grand pharaon est … enterré à Abydos. « Le bateau disparu aurait transporté, par exemple, le corps … du pharaon jusqu’à sa dernière demeure », conclut WEGNER. (Dalia Farouq, « Les … barques de Sésostris III découvertes à Abydos », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 21 décembre ¬ 2861 ¬ 2862 ¬ 2863 2016). ¬ 2864 - - ¬ 2865 Renovation temporary work exhibition is hall u nderway at the at the … National ¬ 2866 ¬ 2867 Museum of Egyptian Civilisation (NMEC), which overlooks ‘Ayn al-Sîra lake in … Fustât, ahead of the museum’s soft opening day scheduled for mid January. ¬ 2868 Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî embarked on a tour on Tuesday around … the different sections of the hall to inspect the latest work. ¬ 2869 During his tour, al-‘Inânî told Ahram Online that the soft opening, scheduled … for 10 January, includes the opening of the temporary exhibition hall, which … will have on display an exhibition on handicrafts and Egyptian industries … along the span of history under the title “Crafts and Industries through the … Ages.” ¬ 2870 The soft opening will also include the inauguration of the service area, which … includes a cinema, theatre and a cafeteria. ¬ 2871 Sa‘îd Mahrûs, supervisor-general of the NMEC, told Ahram Online that the … exhibition will have on show a collection of some 400 artefacts showcasing the … traditional Egyptian techniques used in the making of clay, jewellery, … textiles and wood carvings. ¬ 2872 Mahrûs says the objects were chosen from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr, the … Coptic museum in Old Cairo, the Museum of Islamic Art in Bâb al-Khalq, as well … as the Textiles Museum in al-Mu‘izz Street, the Alexandria Jewellery Museum … and Fustât store galleries. ¬ 2873 The exhibition will also illuminate the continuation and development of … ancient crafts into modern times. ¬ 2874 “This exhibition is a step towards NMEC’s third and final stage along the road … to opening, which includes the museum’s 23,000 square metre exhibition hall,” … concluded al.‘Inânî. ¬ 2875 “The exhibition... will be organised by the chronology and geography of the … artefacts,” said Mahrûs, adding that a multimedia electronic guide will be … available to visitors. ¬ 2876 (Nevine El-Aref, “Work continues at National Museum of Egyptian Civilisation … ahead of January soft opening”, Ahram Online, December 21, 2016. Voir … également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie inspecte l’avancement … des travaux du NMEC », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 19 décembre ; Hiba ‘Âdil, « Le … ministre de l’Archéologie inspecte le hall d’exposition provisoire du NMEC », … al-Ahrâm al-‘Arabî, 19 décembre ; Muhammad ‘Abd al-Mu‘tî, « Inauguration … partielle du NMEC », al-Ahrâm, 20 décembre). ¬ 2877 ¬ 2878 Lors de sa réunion du 7 décembre présidée par le secrétaire général du CSA, Dr … Mustafa Amîn, le Comité permanent des antiquités islamiques et coptes a /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 209/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2878… approuvé la restauration de la forteresse ‘Urâbî, de ses canons, ainsi que du … phare al-Burullus, situés dans le gouvernorat de Kafr al-Shaykh. Ce dernier … fait partie des plus anciens phares égyptiens. Il a été fondé par le khédive … Ismâ‘îl en 1869. (Ahmad Mansûr, « Le Comité permanent approuve la restauration … de la forteresse ‘Urâbî et du phare al-Burullus, situés à Kafr al-Shaykh », … al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 21 décembre 2016. Voir également MENA, « Restauration de la … forteresse ‘Urâbî et du phare al-Burullus, situés à Kafr al-Shaykh », … al-Shurûq, 29 décembre). ¬ 2879 ¬ 2880 Since the 25 January Revolution and the subsequent decline in tourism, the … Ministry of Antiquities has been facing many challenges, on top of them a lack … of budgetary resources. This has led to the postponing of some archaeological … projects, especially in the museums sector, and problems in the maintenance … and restoration of monuments. ¬ 2881 ¬ 2882 ¬ 2883 Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî told Al-Ahram Weekly that in the past … the ministry’s budget was mainly dependent on ticket sales from archaeological … sites and museums all over the country and exhibitions of artefacts abroad. ¬ 2884 But there has been little investment policy to feed the ministry’s budget, and … though this policy was sufficient when the tourism industry was growing and … the number of tourists reaching its peak, with the decline in tourism and the … increase in the ministry’s employees the ministry entered financial deadlock. ¬ 2885 The ministry has lost around LE1 billion of its annual income, which decreased … to just LE275 million in 2015. Its debts since 2011 have reached almost LE6 … billion, as it has had to borrow from the Ministry of Finance in order to pay … its employees and for postponed projects. ¬ 2886 Bazaars and cafeterias at archaeological sites and museums have also closed … their doors because of the decline in tourism, meaning that the ministry has … lost a good deal of its income. ¬ 2887 “To help solve these budgetary problems the ministry has taken several … decisions to restructure its finances and create alternative financial … resources to replace the tourism sector’s declining revenues,” al-‘Inânî said. ¬ 2888 He said that decreasing the rental of bazaars by up to 70 per cent and … cafeterias by up to 60 per cent, as well as offering facilities to … franchise-holders to help them pay their debts, had been one solution. The … ministry had succeeded in recovering 40 per cent of its debts, instead of zero … per cent five years ago, he said. Reopening bazaars and cafeterias had also … provided job opportunities for young people, as well as facilities to tourists … at archaeological sites. ¬ 2889 The ministry has discounted publications published before 2012 by 70 per cent, … giving 25 per cent reductions on those published after 2012. “This was also … designed to encourage reading and to increase archaeological awareness,” … al-‘Inânî said, adding that the ministry had lowered the fees charged for … filming for cinema or television at archaeological sites by 50 per cent. ¬ 2890 “This should attract more international film directors to come to make their … films in Egypt instead of other countries as well as providing more money,” he … said. ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 210/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2891 A number of archaeological sites have been opened after restoration or … reopened after several years of closure in an attempt to attract more tourists … to the country and restore the tourism industry. Among them is the Unas … Pyramid in Saqqâra, which was reopened last May after 20 years of closure. ¬ 2892 The pyramid is the last one to be built under the Fifth Dynasty. Despite its … small size, it is considered to be one of the most important, as it is the … first pyramid to contain the famous “Pyramids Texts” which contain important … religious directions on the resurrection of the deceased. ¬ 2893 French Egyptologist Gaston MASPERO was the first to enter the pyramid in 1881, … which was closed in 1996 as a high rate of humidity had negatively affected … the pyramid’s burial chamber. ¬ 2894 After comprehensive studies, state-of-the-art equipment was installed to … monitor and decrease the level of humidity and heat inside the pyramid and a … new cool lighting system was installed. The minister explained that the … reopening was part of the ministry’s plan to open more archaeological sites … and new tourist attractions in order to restore Egypt’s tourism industry. ¬ 2895 Both the tombs of Nefertari in the Valley of the Queens and Seti I in the … Valley of the Kings, which had been closed for several years, were reopened … early in November, with tickets costing LE1,000. The number of visitors is … limited to around 100 to 150 per day. ¬ 2896 The Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr Square in Cairo has been opened at night twice a … week on Sundays and Thursdays from 5:30pm to 9:00pm at a double ticket price. ¬ 2897 The Mallawî Museum in Minyâ has been reopened after three years of closure for … restoration and rehabilitation. The museum was damaged in August 2013 during … clashes between supporters of deposed former president Muhammad Mursî and the … security forces after the latter broke up the sit-ins in the Râbi‘a … al-‘Adawiyya and al-Nahda squares in Cairo. Some 1,049 of the museum’s 1,089 … artefacts were reported missing, while those that were too heavy for vandals … to carry away were damaged in situ. ¬ 2898 Ilhâm Salâh, head of the Museums Department at the Ministry of Antiquities, … said that the majority of the artefacts had been recovered, handed in by … Mallawî residents, or left at the museum’s gates after the ministry had … declared an amnesty on the return of any looted artefacts. ¬ 2899 ¬ 2900 ¬ 2901 Salâh added that the two-storey museum building had also been overhauled and … its indoor decoration and design renewed. The new design concept of the museum … provides a broader educational service to visitors. It informs Egyptian … visitors about how their ancestors built a great civilization, showing Minyâ … residents’ daily lives in ancient times, their industries, handicrafts and … culture. ¬ 2902 The Kom Ûshîm Museum in Fayyûm was reopened after 10 years of closure. Salâh … said that the Kom Ûshîm Museum was originally built at the entrance of Karânîs … in 1974 to illustrate the history of Fayyûm as well as the daily life and … funerary practices of its ancient inhabitants from the prehistoric to the … Islamic period. ¬ 2903 The museum was originally a single-storey building, but in 1993 a new floor … was added. In 2006, it was closed for restoration. At the time of its closure, /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 211/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2903… she said, the museum was in a bad condition and was in need of restoration. … The restoration project included the installation of new security and lighting … systems, the replacement of old showcases, the extension of the museum’s … external iron fence, and the building of new control towers. The facade and … walls were also polished. ¬ 2904 The museum now exhibits not only its previous collection but also other … artefacts that were stored in Fayyûm stores or on show at the Egyptian Museum … in Cairo. ¬ 2905 The King Fârûq Corner overlooking the Nile in Hilwân was also reopened after … five years of closure due to the lack of security in the aftermath of the … revolution, Salâh said, adding that labels were put on every artefact and … piece of furniture while the garden around was developed to be used as an area … for seminars and cultural events with a cafeteria. ¬ 2906 The Fârûq Corner was originally opened by king Fârûq, Egypt’s last monarch, in … 1942 to be a family rest house on the Nile in Hilwân south of Cairo. It is a … boat-shaped edifice with three floors and a basement containing the kitchen … and servants’ quarters. The house itself is decorated on the inside with … Pharaonic decorative elements and furniture. A replica of the Luxor and Karnak … Temples is on the house’s balcony, while three replica mummification beds are … in the hall. ¬ 2907 In the northwest of the Dâkhla Oasis in Egypt’s Western Desert, the al-Qasr … village was reopened after 15 months of restoration. ¬ 2908 al-‘Inânî described the restoration work as “wonderful” and “one of the … ministry’s most important achievements”. He said that the village was one of … the most important Islamic settlements in Egypt, not only because of its … distinguished architecture but also because it was the meeting point of … several routes as well as being on a main road for trade and pilgrimage. ¬ 2909 The village itself was built in the 12th century during the Ayyubid period on … the remains of an earlier Roman settlement in order to serve as the capital of … the Dâkhla Oasis. It was in a defensive position facing marauding invaders … from the southwest. Stone blocks from the earlier Roman settlement can still … be seen in the façades of village houses, probably reused from older ones. ¬ 2910 al-Qasr was extended under the Ottomans and was built like all mediaeval towns … in Egypt at the time, with narrow covered streets divided into quarters, … districts and alleys that were closed with gates at night to protect them from … invaders. ¬ 2911 “After the inauguration of all these sites, the ministry launched different … types of annual and temporary cards that enable visitors to visit … archaeological sites across Egypt,” Mustafa al-Saghîr, a member of the … ministry’s technical office, told the Weekly. ¬ 2912 Among these are annual cards for foreigners who are residents of Egypt. The … card costs $390 or 360 euros and includes the tombs of Seti I and Nefertari … (or $290 or 260 euros without the tombs). Annual cards are available to … Egyptians and Arab residents for LE4,000, or LE150 for university students and … LE100 for school students. ¬ 2913 “The ministry has also launched a special card for archaeological sites and … museums in Luxor named the Luxor Pass,” al-Saghîr said, explaining that the … cards were valid for five days for foreigners during their stay in Luxor. ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 212/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2914 The first type of card includes sites and museums in Luxor with the tombs of … Seti I and Nefertari and costs $200 or 180 euros for adults and $100 or 90 … euros for students. The second type includes all sites and museums without the … tombs and costs $100 or 90 euros for adults and $50 or 45 euros for students. ¬ 2915 ¬ 2916 ¬ 2917 “I have other ideas in mind to provide unconventional ways of financing, and I … think that this could be achieved through planned investment and management … services at archaeological sites, such as printing the logos of organisations … on the backs of tickets, finding sponsors to organise exhibitions, and … publishing ads on the ministry’s website,” al-‘Inânî said. (Nevine El-Aref, … “Heritage pays its way”, Al-Ahram Weekly, December 22, 2016. Voir également … Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie fixe le prix des passes annuels … pour les étrangers et les Arabes résidant en Égypte », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 4 … décembre). ¬ 2918 ¬ 2919 ¬ 2920 Egypt’s Ministry of Antiquities said it received on Sunday 340 artefacts that … were smuggled out of the country and intercepted by Jordanian customs last … year. ¬ 2921 Jordanian authorities had informed their Egyptian counterparts in late 2015 … that the artefacts were discovered in a shipment that arrived from the Red Sea … port of Nuwayba, according to Sha‘bân ‘Abd al-Gawwâd, the head of the … ministry’s Antiquities Department. ¬ 2922 “The artefacts, which include stone statues and ancient coins, will be sent to … the Egyptian Museum’s depot for renovation,” ‘Abd al-Gawwâd added. ¬ 2923 The Jordanian and Egyptian governments signed in 2015 an agreement of joint … cooperation to conserve and recover stolen cultural properties and combat … illegal trade in artefacts. (Nevine El-Aref, “Egypt receives over 300 smuggled … artefacts from Jordan”, Ahram Online, December 25, 2016. Voir également MENA, … « La Jordanie restitue à l’Égypte 340 pièces archéologiques volées », … al-Shurûq, 20 décembre ; ‘Arafa al-Bindârî, « Les autorités jordaniennes … remettent à l’Égypte 340 pièces ¬ 2924 antiques volées », Sada al-Balad, 20 ¬ 2925 décembre). ¬ 2926 - - ¬ 2927 ¬ 2928 ¬ 2929 The Ministry of Antiquities confirmed that they have returned an ancient rock … belonging to Bahbît al-Hagar temple, after it was found being used in markets … located in al-Mahalla al-Kubra to cut meat. ¬ 2930 According to a post on the ministry’s Facebook page, the stone was found in a … local market, while al-Masrî al-Yawm reported that it was being used at a … butcher’s stand to cut meat, and was attached to the ground with cement. ¬ 2931 The stone was discovered at the butcher’s stand by an archaeologist by … coincidence. It was immediately removed after it was confirmed that it had … come from the temple. “The rock was transferred to Bahbît al-Hagar temple … until investigations into the incident can be completed. That assures it /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 213/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2931… remains safe and in good condition,” said Mahmûd ‘Afîfî, head of the Ancient … Egyptian Antiquities Division at the Ministry of Antiquities. ¬ 2932 Studies show that the rock goes back to the Ptolemaic dynasty, during which … the temple was built out of granite. ¬ 2933 “There are no signs of any inscriptions on the stone,” said Ihâb Zâhir, the … general manager of Bahbît al-Hagar’s antiquities. ¬ 2934 Zâhir explained that, over the years, citizens have been using the temple as a … quarry to bring the rocks needed for use in their work and daily activities, … or to build their homes or walls, and that’s most likely how the stone ended … up in the local market. (“Antiquities Ministry finds ancient stone from Bahbît … al-Hagar temple being used to cut meat in al-Mahalla al-Kubra”, Daily News … Egypt, December 25, 2016. Voir également Muhammad ‘Abd al-Khâliq, « Saisie … d’un bloc archéologique dans le village de Mahallat Abû ‘Alî et son transfert … vers Bahbît », Sada al-Balad, 20 décembre ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministère de … l’Archéologie transfert vers le temple de Bahbît al-Hagar une pièce antique … trouvée chez un boucher », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 23 décembre). ¬ 2935 ¬ 2936 ¬ 2937 ¬ 2938 Egypt’s antiquities ministry has announced a 20 per cent discount on passes … allowing access to archaeological sites around Egypt over the Coptic Christmas … period and New Year, and through the month of January. ¬ 2939 The discounts, which apply to the Luxor Pass and Annual Visitor Pass, are … aimed at encouraging more foreign visitors to visit Egypt and celebrate the … feast and New Year at archaeological sites, Minister of Antiquities Khâlid … al-‘Inânî told Ahram Online. ¬ 2940 The move is also intended to lure more Egyptian visitors to archaeological … sites, thus helping to boost awareness of their distinguished cultural … heritage. ¬ 2941 Sumayya Binyâmîn, head of the ministry’s financial department, told Ahram … Online that the Luxor Pass provides access to all archaeological sites and … museums in Luxor for a period of five consecutive days. Binyâmîn said there … were two main categories of Luxor Pass, with varying prices for foreign … visitors. ¬ 2942 One category, including entry to the royal tombs of Queen Nefertari and King … Seti I, costs $200 or €180 before the discount, with a student rate of $100 or … €90. The second category, which excludes access to the two royal tombs, … normally costs $100 or €90, with students paying $50 or €45. ¬ 2943 The Annual Visitors Passes, meanwhile, include all open archaeological sites … and museums across Egypt, with several options available. ¬ 2944 The first is for foreign diplomats and foreigners who work in international … and multinational companies in Egypt. With the tombs of Queen Nefertari and … King Seti I, this costs before the discount $340 or €310. Without the two … royal tombs, the price drops to $240 or €220. ¬ 2945 The second option is for foreign residents in Egypt, normally costing $390 or … €360 with the two tombs, and $290 or €260 without them. ¬ 2946 Annual passes are also provided for Egyptians and Arab residents in Egypt, … costing just EGP 400, or EGP 100 for university students. School pupils and /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 214/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2946… Egyptians over 60 of age are allowed free entry. (Nevine El-Aref, “Ticket … discounts at ancient Egyptian sites for holidays, through January”, Ahram … Online, December 26, 2016. Voir également ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le ministère de … l’Archéologie fixe en euros le montant des passes annuels pour les étrangers … et les arabes résidents en Égypte », Sada al-Balad, 4 décembre ; Ahmad Mansûr, … « Le ministre de l’Archéologie accorde 20 % de réduction sur les Luxor Pass à … l’occasion des fêtes de fin d’année », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 26 décembre). ¬ 2947 ¬ 2948 The treasured collection of Egypt’s ministry of endowments is to go on display … at Manyal Palace in Cairo, with many historic documents and religious texts on … show to the public for the first time. ¬ 2949 Minister of Endowments Muhammad Mukhtâr Gum‘a conducted an inspection tour of … the various palace halls ahead of the exhibition, which is collaboration … between the ministries of antiquities and endowments. ¬ 2950 Gum‘a said the exhibition will include priceless endowment documents and rare … versions of the holy Quran never before put on show. Also to be displayed at … the palace — ¬ 2951 which was built for Prince Muhammad ‘Alî — are photographs of two Qurans that … belonged to the Prophet Muhammad’s companions ‘Alî Ibn Abî Tâlib and ‘Uthmân … Ibn ‘Affân. The texts themselves are being exhibited at al-Sayyida Zaynab … library. ¬ 2952 Another Quran going on display is more than 900 years old. Gum‘a said that … text includes a summary of the number of times each letter of the alphabet … appears in the Quran. ¬ 2953 ¬ 2954 ¬ 2955 A document outlining the regulation of endowments will also be on display, … said Gum‘a. “It asserts that the endowment is not a sum of money without an … owner. On the contrary, no one could sell or buy it,” he said. ¬ 2956 He went on to explain that the exhibition will also display a collection of … maps showing endowments all over the world. The most distinguished document is … an atlas dating back to 1918, which shows all endowments in Egypt, with … information on their location and surface area. ¬ 2957 Gum‘a said the choice of Manyal Palace as a venue for the exhibition was … “perfect”, because its architecture, interior design and decorations suit very … well the topic of the exhibition. ¬ 2958 Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî asserted that the halls dedicated to … the exhibition are now ready to receive the objects for display. While no … start date for the exhibition has been confirmed, the organizers say it will … be opening soon. ¬ 2959 al-‘Inânî also called on the ministry of endowments to organize further … activities at archaeological sites in order to highlight them and encourage … tourism. ¬ 2960 Ilhâm Salâh, head of the museums department, and ‘Alâ’ al-Dîn, head of Manyal … Palace, escorted both ministers during the tour. (Nevine El-Aref, “Endowments … ministry to exhibit its treasured collection at Manyal Palace”, Ahram Online, … December 27, 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Les ministres de … l’Archéologie et des Waqfs inspectent le palais Manyal », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 25 /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 215/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2960… décembre). ¬ 2961 Lors de sa dernière réunion présidée par le secrétaire général du CSA, Dr … Mustafa Amîn, le Comité permanent des antiquités islamiques et coptes a … approuvé la demande présentée par l’American Research Center in Egypt (ARCE), … afin de poursuivre ses travaux dans le Dayr al-Ahmar situé à Suhâg, du 1er … janvier au 21 décembre 2017. Les activités de la mission regroupent des … travaux de documentation, de photographie, de nettoyage, de restauration et de … préservation des murs du monastère, ainsi que la formation de quelques … archéologues égyptiens et étudiants de la faculté d’Archéologie. (Ahmad … Mansûr, « Le CSA approuve la poursuite des travaux de l’ARCE à Dayr al-Ahmar … », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 27 décembre 2016). ¬ 2962 ¬ 2963 The Egyptian goddess of protection, Serqet, is to welcome Egypt’s visitors at … Cairo International Airport starting Thursday, when a replica statue of the … deity will be erected in Terminal 2. ‘Amr al-Tîbî, the executive director of … the antiquities ministry’s Antiquity Replicas Unit, told Ahram Online that the … statue will be taken from the unit’s factory in Cairo’s Citadel to the airport … on Thursday morning. ¬ 2964 The statue is a gift from the antiquities ministry to the civil aviation … ministry, al-Tîbî said, in an attempt to encourage tourism as well as to … highlight the ongoing cooperation between the two ministries, as well as the … tourism ministry. ¬ 2965 al-Tîbî explained that the polyester statue is four metres tall, weighs 150kg, … and took two months to make. It is made of polyester and depicts Serqet, one … of the four protective ancient Egyptian deities who stretch their arms to … protect Tutankhamun’s golden shrine. She wears a scorpion on her head. ¬ 2966 Last month the antiquities ministry offered Ecuador a replica statue of Ramses … II, which is similar to the authentic one that was transported in 2006 from … Ramses Square in downtown Cairo to the Grand Egyptian Museum overlooking Gîza … Plateau, which is yet to open. ¬ 2967 The statue was erected in Quito’s Condado Square which was subsequently … renamed Egypt Square. (Nevine El-Aref, “Ancient Egyptian goddess of protection … to greet arriving travellers at Cairo airport”, Ahram Online, December 29, … 2016. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie offre au … ministère de l’Aviation civile une reproduction de la déesse Serket », al-Yawm … al-Sâbi‘, 29 décembre). ¬ 2968 -¬ 2969 ¬ 2970 -¬ 2971 ¬ 2972 ¬ 2973 ¬ 2974 ¬ 2975 VII -WHO’S WHO ? ¬ 2976 ¬ 2977 Voici la liste alphabétique des principaux responsables égyptiens … régulièrement cités dans le BIA : ¬ 2978 ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 216/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

2979 ‘Abd al-Hamîd al-Kafâfî Directeur général de la planification et du suivi des … restaurations ¬ 2980 ‘Abd al-Nâsir Ahmad Directeur de la restauration du temple de Karnak ¬ 2981 ‘Abd al-Rahîm ‘Alî al-M‘addâwî Directeur général des antiquités d’al-Buhayra ¬ 2982 ‘Abd al-Rahîm Rayhân Directeur général des recherches, des études … archéologiques et de lapublication scientifique en Basse-Égypte et au Sinaï ¬ 2983 ‘Âdil Dalla Directeur général des antiquités islamiques du Fayyûm ¬ 2984 ‘Alâ’ al-Shahhât Président de l’Administration centrale des antiquités du … Caire et de ¬ 2985 Gîza ¬ 2986 ‘Alî Ahmad Directeur général du département des antiquités restituées ¬ 2987 ‘Alî al-Bakrî Directeur de la zone archéologique du Nord de Minyâ ¬ 2988 ‘Alî Dâhî Directeur général du département des acquisitions archéologiques ¬ 2989 ‘Amr al-Tîbî Directeur exécutif de l’Unité des reproductions archéologiques ¬ 2990 ‘Imâd ‘Uthmân Directeur général de la zone archéologique d’al-Darb al-Ahmar ¬ 2991 ‘Imâd Hammâd Président du département de la restauration des antiquités de ¬ 2992 Rosette ¬ 2993 ‘Izzat Habîb Directeur général de la restauration archéologique et des musées … du ¬ 2994 Grand Caire ¬ 2995 ‘Izzat Salîb Directeur général de la restauration des antiquités et des … musées du ¬ 2996 Grand Caire ¬ 2997 Ahmad ‘Abd al-‘Âl Directeur général des antiquités du Fayyûm ¬ 2998 Ahmad ‘Abdallah Bilâl Directeur général du Centre des unités archéologiques … de Damiette ¬ 2999 Ahmad ‘Awad Inspecteur en chef de la zone archéologique Ouest d’Aswân ¬ 3000 Ahmad ‘Ubayd Superviseur du bureau technique du ministre de l’Archéologie ¬ 3001 Ahmad al-Râwî Président de l’administration des unités archéologiques … portuaires ¬ 3002 Ahmad Ibrâhîm Directeur des zones archéologiques al-Ibâgiyya et al-Tunsî ¬ 3003 Ahmad Mahfûz Ibrâhîm Directeur de l’unité archéologique du port de Damiette ¬ 3004 Ahmad Mûsa Directeur de l’Amphithéâtre romain d’Alexandrie ¬ 3005 Ahmad Mutâwi‘ Assistant du président du département des antiquités islamiques … et ¬ 3006 coptes ¬ 3007 Ahmad Sâlih Directeur général des antiquités d’Aswân ¬ 3008 Ahmad Shu‘ayb Président de l’administration générale pour la restauration des ¬ 3009 antiquités et des musées du Delta Est ¬ 3010 Ahmad Sulaymân ‘Abd al-‘Âal Directeur général des antiquités islamiques et … coptes d’Asyût ¬ 3011 ¬ 3012 ¬ 3013 WH O ’ S W H O ? ¬ 3014 al-Husayn ‘Abd al-Basîr Directeur général du département de la publication … scientifique ¬ 3015 Al-Qazzâfî ‘Abd al-Rahîm Directeur de la zone archéologique de Karnak ¬ 3016 ‘Azab ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 217/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

3017 al-Sa‘îd Hilmî ‘Izzat Président du secteur des antiquités islamiques et … coptes ¬ 3018 Amîn Ramadân Directeur général de la zone archéologique d’al-Qurna ¬ 3019 Amîna ‘Abd al-Munsif Directrice de la restauration des antiquités du Nord … d’al-Munûfiyya ¬ 3020 Amîna al-Bârûdî Assistante du ministre de l’Archéologie pour les services … numériques ¬ 3021 Ashraf ‘Ukâsha Directeur général des antiquités d’Abydos ¬ 3022 Ashraf Muhyî al-Dîn Directeur général de la zone archéologique de Gîza ¬ 3023 Ayman al-Gunaydî Directeur général du palais Muhammad ‘Alî à Shubrâ al-Khayma ¬ 3024 Bâsim Gihâd Assistant du ministre de l’Archéologie pour le développement des ¬ 3025 ressources humaines ¬ 3026 Dâlyâ Milîgî Directrice générale du Centre de recherches et de la maintenance ¬ 3027 des antiquités ¬ 3028 Diyâ’ Zahrân Directeur général de la documentation archéologique ¬ 3029 Doris Hannâ Directrice générale de l’Ancient Egyptian Art Revival Center ¬ 3030 Gâbir Ahmad Hâziz Inspecteur en chef des antiquités de l’Ouest de Suhâg ¬ 3031 Gamâl ‘Abd al-Halîm Farahât Directeur général des antiquités de l’Ouest du … Caire et d’al- ¬ 3032 Qalyûbiyya ¬ 3033 Gamâl ‘Abd al-Nâsir Directeur général des antiquités de Suhâg ¬ 3034 Gamâl Abû Bakr Directeur général des antiquités de Moyenne-Égypte ¬ 3035 Gamâl al-Hawwârî Directeur général de la zone archéologique du sultan Hasan … et d’al. ¬ 3036 Rifâ‘î ¬ 3037 Gamâl Fârûq al-Qassâs Directeur général de l’administration générale pour … l’enregistrement ¬ 3038 des antiquités du Delta Centre ¬ 3039 Gamâl Mustafa Directeur général de la zone archéologique de la citadelle de … Salâh ¬ 3040 al-Dîn au Caire ¬ 3041 Gharîb Sunbul Président de l’administration centrale pour la restauration et … la ¬ 3042 maintenance ¬ 3043 Hâla Qadrî Silîm Directrice générale des ressources humaines ¬ 3044 Hamdî Amîn Sayyid Inspecteur en chef de Saqqâra-Nord et Centre ¬ 3045 Hamdî Humâm Directeur général de l’Unité archéologique à l’aéroport … international ¬ 3046 du Caire ¬ 3047 Hânî Abû al-‘Azm Directeur de l’Administration centrale de Haute-Égypte ¬ 3048 Hasan Tâhir Inspecteur en chef de la zone archéologique du Nord de Minyâ ¬ 3049 Hind Muhammad Abû al- Directrice des antiquités du Nord d’al-Daqahliyya ¬ 3050 Futûh ¬ 3051 Hisaniyya Muhammad Hilmî Directrice générale des antiquités du Vieux Caire ¬ 3052 Fadîlî ¬ 3053 Hishâm al-Laythî Directeur général du Centre de documentation et d’études de … l’Égypte ¬ 3054 ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 218/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

3055 ¬ 3056 WH O ’ S W H O ? ¬ 3057 ancienne ¬ 3058 Hishâm Gum‘a Inspecteur en chef des antiquités d’al-Azhar et d’al-Ghûrî ¬ 3059 Huda al-‘Ashmâwî Directrice générale des antiquités d’al-Azhar et d’al-Ghûrî ¬ 3060 Husâm Ghadiyya Directeur général des antiquités du Sud Sinaï ¬ 3061 Ibrâhîm ‘Abd al-Rahmân Directeur général des zones archéologiques du Vieux … Caire et de ¬ 3062 Fustât ¬ 3063 Ibrâhîm Ragab Directeur des antiquités islamiques du Fayyûm ¬ 3064 ¬ 3065 Ibrâhîm Subhî Inspecteur en chef des antiquités d’al-Buhayra Nord ¬ 3066 Îmân Zaydân Assistante du ministre de l’Archéologie pour le développement des ¬ 3067 ressources financières ¬ 3068 Kamâl al-Tûkhî Restaurateur d’icônes antiques ¬ 3069 ¬ 3070 Khâlid ‘Abd al-Ghanî Farahât Directeur de la zone archéologique d’al-Buhayra ¬ 3071 Khâlid al-‘Inânî Ministre de l’Archéologie ¬ 3072 Khâlid Muhammad Abû al-‘Ilâ Directeur général des antiquités de Matariyya ¬ 3073 Mahmûd ‘Abd al-Latîf Directeur de la zone archéologique de Abû Ridîs ¬ 3074 Mahmûd ‘Afîfî Président du secteur des antiquités égyptiennes ¬ 3075 Mahmûd Barîqî Président du département de restauration à Kom al-Shuqâfa ¬ 3076 Mahmûd Musa Directeur général du palais Empain ¬ 3077 Mahmûd Sha‘bân Directeur des antiquités islamiques et coptes au sud de Gîza ¬ 3078 Mamdûh ‘Abbâs Directeur général des antiquités d’al-Gharbiyya ¬ 3079 Mamdûh ‘Uda Directeur du département central de la gestion des crises et des ¬ 3080 risques ¬ 3081 Mamdûh Taha Superviseur archéologique du projet de la deuxième barque de ¬ 3082 Chéops ¬ 3083 Marwa ‘Abd al-Râziq Responsable du bureau d’enregistrement, de documentation … et de la gestion des collections au Musée Égyptien ¬ 3084 Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Azîz Directeur du Historic Cairo Rehabilitation Project … (HCRP) ¬ 3085 Muhammad ‘Abd al-Hamîd Directeur de la zone archéologique de Minyâ ¬ 3086 Muhammad ‘Abd al-Hamîd Directeur général de la zone archéologique Est du … Caire ¬ 3087 Muhammad Rashâd ¬ 3088 Muhammad ‘Abd al-Magîd Président de l’administration centrale d’archéologie … sous-marine en ¬ 3089 Alexandrie ¬ 3090 Muhammad ‘Abd al-Maqsûd Coordinateur général du projet de développement des … sites ¬ 3091 archéologiques situés dans l’axe du canal de Suez ¬ 3092 Muhammad ‘Abd al-Mun‘im Directeur général des affaires financières ¬ 3093 ‘Uwayda ¬ 3094 Muhammad Abû al-Wafâ Directeur des antiquités de la mer Rouge ¬ 3095 Muhammad al-Husaynî Directeur général des zones archéologiques … d’al-Daqahliyya ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 219/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

3096 Tamân ¬ 3097 ¬ 3098 ¬ 3099 WH O ’ S W H O ? ¬ 3100 Muhammad al-Tuhâmî Directeur général des antiquités de Rosette ¬ 3101 Muhammad Hamâda Directeur général des antiquités du Caire ¬ 3102 Muhammad Husayn Hindâwî Inspecteur en chef de Saqqâra-Sud ¬ 3103 Muhammad Ismâ‘îl Superviseur du Comité permanent et des missions … archéologiques ¬ 3104 étrangères ¬ 3105 Muhammad Mahrân Président de l’administration centrale pour les antiquités … juives ¬ 3106 Muhammad Mitwallî Directeur général des antiquités islamiques, coptes et … juives ¬ 3107 d’Alexandrie et de la côte Nord ¬ 3108 Muhammad Muhammad ‘Alî Directeur général des unités archéologiques des ports ¬ 3109 ‘Uthmân ¬ 3110 Muhammad Mustafa Directeur du département des antiquités sous-marines … d’Alexandrie ¬ 3111 Muhammad Mustafa ‘Abbâs Directeur de la zone archéologique de l’imâm … al-Shâfi‘î ¬ 3112 Muhammad Sa‘îd Dusûqî Directeur général de la zone archéologique de l’imâm … al-Shâfi‘î ¬ 3113 Muhammad Sayf al-Sayyid Vice-directeur général des ressources humaines ¬ 3114 Muhammad Yûsuf Directeur des antiquités de Dahshûr et d’al-Lisht ¬ 3115 Mukhtâr al-Kasabânî Conseiller du ministre de l’Archéologie ¬ 3116 Mushîra Mûsa Conseillère médiatique du ministre de l’Archéologie ¬ 3117 Mustafa Amîn Secrétaire général du Conseil Suprême des Antiquités ¬ 3118 Mustafa Muhammad Nûr al- Directeur des antiquités de Sirâbît al-Khâdim ¬ 3119 Dîn ¬ 3120 Mustafa Rizq Ibrâhîm Directeur général de la préhistoire au Sud Sinaï ¬ 3121 Mustafa Rushdî Directeur général des antiquités d’Alexandrie et de l’Ouest du … Delta ¬ 3122 Mustafa Wazîrî Directeur général des antiquités de Louqsor ¬ 3123 Nasr Salâma Directeur général des antiquités d’Aswân et de Nubie ¬ 3124 Nivîn al-‘Ârif Consultante médiatique du ministre de l’Archéologie ¬ 3125 Ra’fat Muhammad Gunaydî Directeur de l’inspectorat archéologique du Sud … d’al-Buhayra ¬ 3126 Rashâ Kamâl Directrice générale du développement culturel ¬ 3127 Râshid Muhammad Badrî Directeur de l’inspectorat archéologique de l’Ouest de … Suhâg ¬ 3128 Ridâ Ramadân Directeur général des antiquités de Damiette ¬ 3129 Rif‘at al-Gindî Directeur de l’inspectorat archéologique du Sud d’al-Buhayra ¬ 3130 Sa‘îd Shibl Président de l’administration centrale des entrepôts … muséologiques ¬ 3131 Sabrî Muhyî al-Dîn Farag Directeur général de Saqqâra ¬ 3132 Salâh al-Mâsikh Inspecteur en chef des temples de Karnak à Louqsor ¬ 3133 Salâma Zahrân Directeur général des antiquités islamiques et coptes /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 220/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

3133… d’al-Bahnasâ ¬ 3134 Sâlim al-Bughdâdî Directeur général de la zone archéologique d’al-Daqahliyya ¬ 3135 Sha‘bân ‘Abd al-Gawwâd Superviseur général du département des antiquités … restituées ¬ 3136 Shâzlî Dunqul Inspecteur en chef de Qinâ ¬ 3137 ¬ 3138 ¬ 3139 WH O ’ S W H O ? ¬ 3140 Shirîf Muhammad ‘Abd al- Assistant du ministre de l’Archéologie pour le … développement des ¬ 3141 Mun‘im sites archéologiques ¬ 3142 Sophia ‘Abd al-Hâdî Directrice générale des antiquités d’al-Darb al-Ahmar et … de Sayyida ‘Â’isha ¬ 3143 Sumayya Binyâmîn Présidente du département des Financements ¬ 3144 Usâma al-Sayyid Directeur de la citadelle Qâytbây en Alexandrie ¬ 3145 Wa‘d Abû al-‘Ilâ Président du secteur des projets ¬ 3146 Wâ’il Fathî Mursî Inspecteur en chef du plateau de Gîza ¬ 3147 Wâ’il Zakariyyâ al-Balîhî Directeur général de la restauration des antiquités … islamiques et ¬ 3148 coptes dans l’ouest et le centre du Delta ¬ 3149 Walâ’ al-Dîn Badawî Directeur général du palais Manyal ¬ 3150 Wisâm Kamâl Directeur de la zone archéologique de Sammanûd ¬ 3151 Yâsir Fathî Wahba Directeur général de l’administration du cadastre et de la … topographie ¬ 3152 dans le secteur des antiquités islamiques ¬ 3153 Yâsmîn al-Shâzlî Directrice de l’administration des organisations … internationales pour le ¬ 3154 patrimoine culturel et les affaires de la coopération internationale ¬ 3155 Yusriyya Ibrâhîm Directrice générale de la zone archéologique de Mustafa … Kâmil en ¬ 3156 Alexandrie ¬ 3157 Yûsuf Khalîfa Président de l’administration centrale des antiquités de … Basse-Égypte, ¬ 3158 du Sinaï et de la côte Nord ¬ 3159 ¬ 3160 ¬ 3161 ‘Alâ’ ‘Abd al-‘Âtî Directeur général du musée national de Suez ¬ 3162 ‘Âtif Nagîb Directeur général du musée Copte ¬ 3163 ‘Îsa Zaydân Directeur du département de restauration au Grand Musée Égyptien … (GEM) ¬ 3164 Ahmad ‘Alî Directeur général des équipements du Grand Musée Égyptien (GEM) ¬ 3165 Ahmad al-Laythî Directeur général du musée de Mallawî ¬ 3166 Ahmad al-Shûkî Superviseur général du musée d’Art islamique ¬ 3167 Ahmad Humayda Directeur général du musée Atonien ¬ 3168 al-Sayyid al-Bannâ Directeur général du musée national de Suez ¬ 3169 Gamâl al-Bilim Directeur général de la bibliothèque du Musée Égyptien ¬ 3170 Hishâm Farghalî Directeur général du musée du Nil à Aswân ¬ 3171 Huda Kâmil Directrice générale du musée de l’obélisque de Matariyya ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 221/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

3172 Ibrâhîm al-Sharîf Directeur général du musée de Suhâg ¬ 3173 ¬ 3174 WH O ’ S W H O ? ¬ 3175 Ilhâm Salâh al-Dîn Présidente du secteur des musées ¬ 3176 Karam ‘Abd al-Hamîd Directeur général du musée Gayer-Anderson ¬ 3177 Muhammad ¬ 3178 Khâlid ‘Azab Président de la commission nationale égyptienne pour les musées ¬ 3179 Magdî Mansûr Directeur général de la restauration du musée Copte ¬ 3180 Mahâ Muhammad Présidente de l’administration centrale des musées historiques ¬ 3181 Mahrûs Sa‘îd Superviseur général du musée national de la Civilisation … égyptienne ¬ 3182 (NMEC) ¬ 3183 Mamdûh ‘Uthmân Directeur général du musée des Textiles égyptiens ¬ 3184 Mamdûh Ramadân Conservateur en chef du musée de Kom Ûshîm ¬ 3185 Mirvat Yahya Directrice générale du musée national d’Alexandrie ¬ 3186 Muhammad Badr Directeur des magasins et des registres du Grand Musée Égyptien ¬ 3187 (GEM) ¬ 3188 Nabîla Hasanayn Directrice générale du palais al-Gawhara ¬ 3189 Nâdya Khidr Superviseur général des musées d’Alexandrie et de Rosette ¬ 3190 Rândâ Muhammad ‘Abd al- Directrice générale des musées régionaux ¬ 3191 Ra’ûf ¬ 3192 Sa‘îd Rakhâ Directeur général du musée de Rosette ¬ 3193 Sabâh ‘Abd al-Râziq Directrice générale du Musée Égyptien de Tahrîr ¬ 3194 Sabâh Muslim Directrice générale des musées de Basse-Égypte ¬ 3195 Sanâ’ ‘Alî Directrice des musées de Haute-Égypte ¬ 3196 Târiq al-‘Awadî Directeur du musée archéologique de la Bibliotheca … Alexandrina ¬ 3197 Târiq Mahmûd Directeur général du musée archéologique de la Nouvelle Vallée ¬ 3198 Târiq Tawfîq Superviseur général du projet du Grand Musée Égyptien (GEM) ¬ 3199 Usâma Abû al-Khayr Directeur exécutif du centre de restauration du Grand … Musée Égyptien ¬ 3200 (GEM) ¬ 3201 Walâ’ al-Dîn Badawî Directeur général du musée du palais Manyal ¬ 3202 ¬ 3203 ¬ 3204 ‘Âtif Mansûr Doyen de la faculté d’Archéologie, université du Fayyûm ¬ 3205 Ahmad al-Ansârî Chef du département d’archéologie égyptienne à l’université … de Suhâg ¬ 3206 Gâbir Nassâr Président de l’université du Caire ¬ 3207 Khâlid Gharîb Président du département des antiquités grecques et romaines à ¬ 3208 l’université Misr ¬ 3209 Muhammad Hamza Ismâ‘îl Doyen de la faculté d’Archéologie, université du Caire ¬ 3210 ¬ 3211 ¬ 3212 WH O ’ S W H O ? ¬ 3213 Mukhtâr al-Kasabânî Professeur d’archéologie islamique, université du Caire ¬ 3214 Ra’fat al-Nabarâwî Ex-Doyen de la faculté d’Archéologie, université du Caire ¬ 3215 Yâsir Saqr Président de l’université de Hilwân ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 222/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

3216 ¬ 3217 ¬ 3218 ‘Alâ’ Abû Zayd Gouverneur de Matrûh ¬ 3219 ‘Isâm al-Badîwî Gouverneur d’al-Minyâ ¬ 3220 Ahmad ‘Abd al-Zâhir Directeur de la Police du Tourisme et des Antiquités ¬ 3221 Ahmad Saqr Gouverneur d’al-Gharbiyya ¬ 3222 Ayman ‘Abd al-Mun‘im Gouverneur de Suhâg ¬ 3223 Galâl al-Sa‘îd Gouverneur du Caire ¬ 3224 Hilmî al-Namnam Ministre de la Culture ¬ 3225 Ibrâhîm Nasr Gouverneur de Kafr al-Shaykh ¬ 3226 Kamâl al-Dâlî Gouverneur de Gîza ¬ 3227 Khâlid Sa‘îd Gouverneur d’al-Sharqiyya ¬ 3228 Magdî Higâzî Gouverneur d’Aswân ¬ 3229 Muhammad ‘Abd al-Zâhir Gouverneur d’Alexandrie ¬ 3230 Muhammad Badr Gouverneur de Louqsor ¬ 3231 Muhammad Sultân Gouverneur d’al-Buhayra ¬ 3232 Ridâ Farahât Gouverneur d’al-Qalyûbiyya ¬ 3233 Shirîf Habîb Gouverneur de Banî Swayf ¬ 3234 Shirîf Ismâ‘îl Premier ministre ¬ 3235 Târiq Nasr Gouverneur de Minyâ ¬ 3236 Wâ’il Makram Gouverneur du Fayyûm ¬ 3237 Yahya Râshid Ministre du Tourisme ¬ 3238 Yâsîn Tâhir Gouverneur d’Ismâ‘îliyya ¬ 3239 ¬ 3240 ¬ 3241 ‘Abd al-Halîm Nûr al-Dîn Président de l’Union des archéologues égyptiens ¬ 3242 ‘Alî Radwân Président de l’Union des archéologues arabes ¬ 3243 ¬ 3244 Ciara BERDISKI Responsable culturel du bureau de l’Unesco au Caire ¬ 3245 Fathî Sâlih Conseiller pour les affaires du patrimoine auprès du conseil des ¬ 3246 ministres ¬ 3247 Hânî Hilâl ScanPyramids Projet coordinator ¬ 3248 Lu’ayy Sa‘îd Directeur du Centre des études coptes ¬ 3249 ¬ 3250 Monica Hannâ Égyptologue et membre de la Commission nationale pour la … sauvegarde du patrimoine ¬ 3251 Muhammad Abû Si‘da Président du National Organisation for Urban Harmony (NOUH) ¬ 3252 Muhammad al-Kahlâwî Secrétaire général de l’Union des archéologues arabes ¬ 3253 Muhammad Fârûq Directeur du National Center for Documentation of Cultural and … Natural Heritage (CULTNAT) ¬ 3254 Muna ‘Abd al-Ghanî Haggâg Présidente de l’Association des antiquités grecques … en Alexandrie ¬ 3255 Nagwa al-Shâzlî Présidente du conseil d’administration du Sound and Light … Company ¬ 3256 Nivîn al-Kîlânî Présidente du Fonds de développement culturel (CDF) ¬ 3257 Ra’fat al-Nabarâwî Ancien doyen de la faculté d’Archéologie ¬ 3258 Safâ Mahmûd Président de l’université de Suhâg ¬ 3259 -¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 223/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

3260 -¬ 3261 ¬ 3262 ¬ 3263 ¬ 3264 VIII -INDEX ¬ 3265 ¬ 3266 A ¬ 3267 AéroportsAéroportinternationalduCaire.....16,143,173¬ 3268 AgencesdepresseDeutscheWelle(DW)...... … 59MiddleEastNewsAgency(MENA)...10,20,24,¬ 3269 33,49,73,77,98,104,114,124,135,137,¬ 3270 142,159,161,166,168,171Reuters...... … ...... 47,157TheAssociatedPress(AP)...... … 115¬ 3271 al-..Azhar...... 109,143, … 176Amulette...... 52,99,130,150,159,162Anatomiehumaine ¬ 3272 Squelette...... 85, … 139Ancre...... … ...... 129 … Ankh...... … ...... 95 Arbres ¬ 3273 Acacia...... 37 … ,75¬ 3274 ¬ 3275 Sycomore...... … 43Architrave...... … ...... 98 Armée...... 35,38,60,95,105,106,144,157Armes ¬ 3276 Bouclier...... 105,106¬ 3277 Canon...... 35,168¬ 3278 Épée...... 86, … 106¬ 3279 Flèche...... … ...163 ¬ 3280 Fusil...... … ...... 95 ¬ 3281 Lance...... 33, … 105¬ 3282 Poignard...... … 103¬ 3283 ¬ 3284 ArtèreshistoriquesRueal-..Khalîfa...... 10,78,80, … 118Rueal-..Mu‘izzl-..DînAllâhal-..Fâtimî...... 78,105,¬ 3285 160,168Associations UniondesArchéologuesarabes...... 157 ¬ 3286 B ¬ 3287 Bâb-..s … Bâbal-..Wazîr...... 119 … BâbZuwayla...... 119¬ 3288 Bains...... /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 224/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

3288… 52,115Bandelette...... … ...... 70 Barques.....9,19,20,27,31,43,48,55,74,75,83,¬ 3289 91,92,97,104,107,122,165,167,176BarquedeChéops20,31,75,92,107,122, … 176Barquesolaire...... 19,20,48,74,75,91,165¬ 3290 Barrages¬ 3291 Hautbarraged’Aswân...... 38,118,133¬ 3292 Basilique...... 34, … 116¬ 3293 Bateau...... 35,57,92,129,145,167,168 ¬ 3294 ¬ 3295 Bibliothèques...... 96, … 178BibliothecaAlexandrina...... 126,129,141,145,¬ 3296 179 … Bière...... … ...60,61Bijoux.....47,59,72,100,129,130,132,149,150,¬ 3297 152,168Bracelet...... 23,72, … 150Colliers...... … ...... 70 ¬ 3298 Ménat...... … .70 ¬ 3299 Bîmâristân...... 78,160¬ 3300 Botanique...... … ..128¬ 3301 Braille...... … ...... 115 ¬ 3302 Bustes...... 123,125,141,158,162¬ 3303 ¬ 3304 BustedeNéfertiti...... 136 ¬ 3305 ¬ 3306 C ¬ 3307 CachettedeKarnak...... 126,127Campagned’ … Égypte...... 24 Canneaux ¬ 3308 CanaldeSuez...... 35,102,103,107,158,176¬ 3309 Carrières...... 126,162,171¬ 3310 CarrièredeTura...... 27 ¬ 3311 ¬ 3312 Cartographie13,34,50,57,69,80,109,148,157,¬ 3313 173 … Cartonnage...... 133,134,150Cartouche … ...... 10,75,125Catacombes... … ...... 137 ¬ 3314 CatacombesdeKomal-..Shuqâfa....65,124,137,¬ 3315 176 … Catalogue...... 45,48,89,104Caveaux … ...... … 69 … CD-..ROM...... … ...... 68 Centresderecherches ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 225/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

3316 AmericanResearchCenterinEgypt(ARCE)71,79,173CenterofDocumentationand ¬ 3317 Studiesof … AncientEgypt...... 76,175Centred’ … ÉtudesAlexandrines(CEAlex)...... 126,137 Centre ¬ 3318 Franco-..Égyptien ¬ 3319 d’ÉtudesdesTemples deKarnak ¬ 3320 (CFEETK)...... 87,97,98,104CentreNationaldela ¬ 3321 … RechercheScientifique(CNRS)...... … ...... 76,137¬ 3322 NationalCenterforDocumentationofCultural … andNaturalHeritage(CULTNAT)...... 60,140,143,145,181¬ 3323 Polish ¬ 3324 CentreofMediterraneanArchaeology ¬ 3325 in ¬ 3326 Cairo ¬ 3327 … (PCMA)...... 59,146Céramique..11,13, … 23,47,86,127,128,142,151Céréales...... … ...... 60 ¬ 3328 Riz...... … 61,133 ¬ 3329 ¬ 3330 ¬ 3331 ¬ 3332 Chaînesdetélévision...... 24,28,65,100,132,169Chambrefunéraire...... 59,64,75, … 76,85,98,169Chapelle.11,74,87,105,108,120,146,147, ¬ 3333 148 … Cimetière...... 79,80,85,150,166Citadelles... … ...... 13,16,30,101CitadelledeQâytbây.. … ...... 30,47,129,178CitadelleduCaire...... … ...... 16,119Citerne...... … ...... 126 … Codex...... … ...... 21 … Collectionneur...... 157, … 162Colonne.26,65,69,109,111,120,125,158,159,¬ 3334 Colosses14,38,72,121,125,138,145,148,149,161,164ColossesdeMemnon...... … 158,159,161,162¬ 3335 Comités ¬ 3336 ComitépermanentdesAntiquitésduCSA....19,25,31,33,34,52,59,64,71,73,76,77,84,85 … ,86,87,94,113,137,142,146,151,158,168,173,177¬ 3337 Commerce...... 69,107,135,144¬ 3338 ¬ 3339 CompagniesduBTPOrascomConstructionIndustries...... 121,165TheArab ¬ 3340 ContractorsOsman ¬ 3341 AhmedOsman ¬ 3342 & ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 226/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

3343 Co...... … ...160 … ComplexedeQalâwwûn...... 78,160Congrès...... … ...... 43, … 86ConseilSuprêmedesAntiquités...... 11,12,19,25,¬ 3344 28,30,31,33,49,52,56,59,63,64,65,67,71,73,76,77,78,81,84,85,86,87,93,94,104, … 105,110,111,112,118,132,133,136,137,139,140,141,142,143,146,151,154,158,161, … 168,173,177¬ 3345 Conservation11,25,33,34,36,37,43,44,49,52,53,62,64,70,93,97,98,104,110,114,120 … ,121,133,138,157,162,164,165¬ 3346 Coopération.25,34,45,52,53,65,67,70,79,85,¬ 3347 89,101,110,124,127,132,135,153,178Cosmétique...... … ...... 44,51,130,131Couleurs ¬ 3348 blanc...... 75,83,128,153¬ 3349 bleu...... 83, … 128¬ 3350 noir...... 90,108,155,159,162¬ 3351 rouge...... 54,125,153¬ 3352 vert...... … ...... 112 ¬ 3353 Coupole...... 69,76,82,110¬ 3354 Couronne...... 70,112,125,153 ¬ 3355 ¬ 3356 D ¬ 3357 Danse...... 32,110,111,135¬ 3358 Dépôtdefondation...... 150¬ 3359 Déserts...... 53 … ,167¬ 3360 DésertOccidental...... 36,170¬ 3361 NouvelleVallée...... 36,53,88,179¬ 3362 Disquesolaire...... … 10 ¬ 3363 ¬ 3364 Divinités ¬ 3365 Amon...... 64,75,95,97,106,149,163¬ 3366 Amon-..Rê...... 97,98,118,119,148¬ 3367 Aphrodite...... 22,130¬ 3368 Hâpy...... 9,50,125¬ 3369 Hathor...... 26,69,146,163¬ 3370 Horus...... 16,52,133,134,148¬ 3371 Isis...... 52,109,125,133,134,148¬ 3372 Khensou...... … ..87 ¬ 3373 Khnoum...... … 124 ¬ 3374 Maât...... … 13,73¬ 3375 Nephthys...... /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 227/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

3375… 134¬ 3376 Osiris...... 73,97,98,133,147,148¬ 3377 Ptah...... 118,119,148¬ 3378 Sekhmet...... 10,13,158,159,161,162,163¬ 3379 Serket...... … ...173 ¬ 3380 Seth...... … .....147 ¬ 3381 Sobek...... 130,163¬ 3382 Thot...... … ...... 73 ¬ 3383 Vénus...... … ..149 ¬ 3384 Zeus...... … ...... 67 ¬ 3385 ¬ 3386 Dôme...... 81,82,120¬ 3387 ¬ 3388 Donation...... 53, … 123¬ 3389 ¬ 3390 Dromos...... … ....131 ¬ 3391 ¬ 3392 E ¬ 3393 Eau ¬ 3394 souterraine...14,15,33,34,78,93,124,137,148,160¬ 3395 Église...... 34,56,59,68,142,161¬ 3396 ¬ 3397 Enchères.....9,10,26,28,113,114,115,135,166¬ 3398 Entreprises¬ 3399 AlnasserCompany...... 29,139¬ 3400 ATELIER ¬ 3401 BRÜCKNER...... 158,163,164,165¬ 3402 BESIXGroup...... 121,165¬ 3403 CompagnieFives-..Lille...... 35¬ 3404 ElsewedyElectric...... 29,139¬ 3405 ¬ 3406 Environnement...... 68¬ 3407 ¬ 3408 Époquesbyzantine...... 21,88,109,153copte. … ...21,23,25,37,47,48,56,64,86,88,90,100,130,142,147,148,153,159,168,172gréco-. … .romaine...... 21,23,32,67,73,105,106,129,130,147,148,150,153,159,162grecque. … ...... 96,109,130,141islamique11,21,48,53, … 68,69,76,88,89,107,112,115,128,142,153,178,180abbasside...... … ...... 10 … ayyoubide...... 13,36,54,80,101,128,170fatimide...... … ...... 10,78,128mamelouke..10,79,119,120,125,128,160,161 /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 228/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

3408… ottomane...... 36,53,54,79,86,89,128kouchite...... … ...... 64,76,94,95,98Moyen-..Âge...... … ...... 36,170 ¬ 3409 ¬ 3410 ¬ 3411 pharaonique¬ 3412 AncienEmpire.11,27,85,92,105,108,124,132,144,166IIIedynastie...... 52,55,133 … ,144,146,147 IVedynastie...... 17,27,44,85 … Vedynastie...... 10 … VIedynastie...... 132,166¬ 3413 Basseépoque....109,114,126,130,132,150,152 … XXVIedynastie...... 125,148 … XXXedynastie...... 9,52¬ 3414 DeuxièmePériodeIntermédiaire...... 132 ¬ 3415 ¬ 3416 dynastiesIedynastie...... 139,140 … IIedynastie...... 147¬ 3417 MoyenEmpire27,60,91,106,109,123,124,127,130,132,147,166,167XIedynastie...... … ...... 105,106,165 … XIIedynastie...... 124,147¬ 3418 NouvelEmpire....52,60,70,97,99,132,139,147,152,163,166XIXedynastie...... … ...... 81,106,109XVIIIedynastie...... 25,40,95,106,108,132¬ 3419 PremièrePériodeIntermédiaire...... 166 … TroisièmePériodeIntermédiaire.....132,134XXVedynastie...... … ...... 64,75,98prédynastique...... … ...... 52,83préhistoire...... 129,133,156,170, … 177ptolémaïque13,37,54,97,102,126,127,130,¬ 3420 147,148,171ramesside...... … ...... 106 romaine..13,22,36,54,65,102,109,115,126,¬ 3421 130,141,148,149,163,165,170,179¬ 3422 saïte...... 76,94, … 95Équinoxe...... 118, … 119Érosion...... … .55,107Exposition ¬ 3423 archéologique....12,14,15,16,17,18,¬ 3424 19,20,23,26,27,28,29,32,37,39,40,45,47,48,49,51,59,64,65,72,73,82,89,90,101, … 104,105,106,109,110,116,118,119,127,128,131,134,135,140,143,145,146,149,150, … 151,152,153,154,158,159,162,163,164,165,168,169,171,172,173 ¬ 3425 F ¬ 3426 FamilleroyaleHétephérès...... … .40,165Méritamon...... 148, … 149Néfertari..28,47,119,131,132,152,169,170,¬ 3427 172 … Néfertiti...... 48,93,136,152Tiy...... … ...... 95,152¬ 3428 Famine...... 68, … 144¬ 3429 Fausseporte...... 76,98,141¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 229/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

3430 Figurine...... 80,115,130¬ 3431 Fleurs...... … ...51,69 ¬ 3432 ¬ 3433 Lotus...... … ...... 51 Fondations … AgaKhanTrustforCulture(AKTC).....109,110,114,120,133,156Fonds … AmbassadorsFundforCulturalPreservation … (AFCP)...... 49, … 147Fondsdedéveloppementculturel(CDF)10,95,¬ 3434 181 … Fontaine...... 119, … 120Forteresses...... 47,54,87,168¬ 3435 Forteresse‘Urâbî...... 168 ¬ 3436 ¬ 3437 Fouilles...13,14,15,22,25,26,31,34,38,39,45,46,54,64,68,70,71,74,76,77,81,84, … 85,86,87,92,93,94,99,109,114,123,125,126,130,131,133,135,136,137,138,139,140, … 141,142,144,145,148,150,159,162,163,166¬ 3438 Fouillessous-..marines...... 125 ¬ 3439 ¬ 3440 G ¬ 3441 Graffiti...... … .55,167¬ 3442 Guerre...... 95,107,125,144,157,163 ¬ 3443 ¬ 3444 H ¬ 3445 Harpiste...... … ...... 50¬ 3446 Hiératique...... … .....27¬ 3447 Hiéroglyphes...... 11,25,54,69,81,90,108,109,¬ 3448 ¬ 3449 119,126,132,140¬ 3450 Démotique...... 21,73¬ 3451 Hittites...... … ...... 132 ¬ 3452 Humidité...... 68,69,74,75,78,92,119,160,169¬ 3453 Hyksôs...... … .....106 ¬ 3454 ¬ 3455 I ¬ 3456 Icône...... 23,130,154,161,176¬ 3457 Îles...... … ....96,133¬ 3458 Chypre...... 115,122¬ 3459 Éléphantine...... 77,123,124,133,166¬ 3460 ÎlePharaon...... 12,13,102¬ 3461 Pharos...... /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 230/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

3461… ..125 ¬ 3462 Incendie...... 37,57,63,69,111,121,165¬ 3463 Infiltration...... … ...... 79 ¬ 3464 Inondation...... 34, … 68¬ 3465 Insectes...... 20,43,74,75¬ 3466 ¬ 3467 Scarabée...... 130,132,141Termite... … ...... 167 … Instituts … DeutschesArchäologischesInstitutKairo(DAIK)...... 25,77, … 85,86,113,133Institut ¬ 3468 … européend’archéologiesous-..marine(IEASM)...... … ...... 115,125,126¬ 3469 Institut ¬ 3470 françaisd’archéologieorientale(Ifao)22,24,38,69,70,73,84,126,127,130,142,158 ¬ 3471 InternationalCouncilofMuseums(ICOM).....122,135 ¬ 3472 ¬ 3473 ¬ 3474 Internet...... 26,63,82,86,114,155,161,171¬ 3475 Islam...... … 88,143¬ 3476 Ivoire...... 123 … ,128 ¬ 3477 ¬ 3478 J ¬ 3479 JapanInternational ¬ 3480 … CooperationAgency(JICA)...... 40,41,92, … 121,122,165¬ 3481 Jardins9,16,30,32,35,38,39,47,49,50,62,63,64,65,93,102,108,111,117,134,140, … 170Parcal-..Azhar...... … 109 ¬ 3482 Jarre...... 52,124,128,132,144,166¬ 3483 ¬ 3484 Jésus...... … .56,130¬ 3485 ¬ 3486 Juif...... … ....16,153 ¬ 3487 ¬ 3488 K ¬ 3489 Kom-..s ¬ 3490 Komal-..Dikka...... 13,102¬ 3491 Komal-..Hîtân...... 158,159,161¬ 3492 Komal-..Shuqâfa...... 65,124,137,176¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 231/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

3493 Komal-..Sultân...... 147¬ 3494 KomÛshîm...... 129,131,170,179 ¬ 3495 ¬ 3496 L ¬ 3497 Lacs ¬ 3498 Lacal-..Burullus...... 107,168¬ 3499 LacManzala...... 62 ¬ 3500 LacNâsir...... 38,118¬ 3501 LacQârûn...... 130¬ 3502 ¬ 3503 Lampe...... 11,128,143,152,153,161¬ 3504 ¬ 3505 LeCairefatimide...13,63,78,110,120,151,160,176 ¬ 3506 Légiond’honneur...... 39¬ 3507 ¬ 3508 Liguearabe...... … 157¬ 3509 ¬ 3510 LivredesMorts...... 98 ¬ 3511 ¬ 3512 M ¬ 3513 Madrasa-..s...... 36,78,160¬ 3514 ¬ 3515 Mairies ¬ 3516 Mairied’Alexandrie...... 34 ¬ 3517 Mairied’al-..Minyâ...... 38,73¬ 3518 MairiedeBanîSwayf...... 108¬ 3519 MairiedeGîza...... 15 ¬ 3520 MairiedeLouqsor...... 129¬ 3521 MairiedeMinyâ...... 28¬ 3522 ¬ 3523 Malédictiondespharaons...... 149¬ 3524 ¬ 3525 Mammifères...... 43,51,72,130,132¬ 3526 Âne...... … ...... 54 ¬ 3527 Antilope...... … .131¬ 3528 Baboin...... … ....73 ¬ 3529 Cerf...... … ...... 131 ¬ 3530 Chacal...... … .....84 ¬ 3531 Chameau...... 55,57¬ 3532 Chat...... 63,114,132¬ 3533 Chauve-..souris...... 63 ¬ 3534 Cheval...... 57, /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 232/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

3534… 79¬ 3535 Chien...... 84,124,131 ¬ 3536 ¬ 3537 Dromadaire...... 35¬ 3538 Éléphant...... 62,131¬ 3539 Gazelle...... … ..167 ¬ 3540 Hippopotame...... 131¬ 3541 Lion...... 10,13,34,35,36,54,55,95,106,148,¬ 3542 ¬ 3543 159 ¬ 3544 Mouton...... … 131 ¬ 3545 Panthère...... … ..13 ¬ 3546 Singe...... … ...... 83¬ 3547 Vache...... 69,131,167¬ 3548 ¬ 3549 Mammisi...... … .....84 ¬ 3550 ¬ 3551 Manuscrit...... 21,90,93¬ 3552 ¬ 3553 Maquette...... … ...105¬ 3554 ¬ 3555 Marathon...... … ..117 ¬ 3556 ¬ 3557 Mashrabiyya...... … 120¬ 3558 ¬ 3559 Masques...... 103,130,136,153,155,164¬ 3560 ¬ 3561 Mastabas...... 11,85,140,144¬ 3562 ¬ 3563 Matériauxdeconstruction … Argile...... 21, … 128Béton...... 39,102, … 156Bois...... 10,11,19,20,21,23,25,36,37,39,42,43,49,53,54,56,59,60,64,74,75,76 … ,78,81,83,86,91,93,95,105,106,107,111,123,128,130,133,149,150,153,155,167,168 … Cèdre...... 43,59,75,92Ébène...... … ...... 128 … Brique...... 53,69, … 167Ciment...... 20,41,81,171Gypse. … ...... 20, … 41Plâtre...... 25,56, /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 233/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

3563… 75Sable...... … ...... 167 ¬ 3564 Maternité...... … ...... 69 ¬ 3565 ¬ 3566 Mausolée...... 10,36,78,80,114,160¬ 3567 ¬ 3568 Mers ¬ 3569 MerMéditerranée59,66,69,86,107,115,127,¬ 3570 146 ¬ 3571 MarsaMatrûh...... 127,180¬ 3572 MerRouge...... 27,107,127,151,171,176¬ 3573 Hurghada...... 16¬ 3574 Marsaal-..Gawâsîs...... 92 ¬ 3575 RâsGhârib...... 107 ¬ 3576 Safâgâ...... … .27¬ 3577 Sharmal-..Shaykh...... 16,30,32¬ 3578 Tâbâ...... 13,68,101,102¬ 3579 Wâdîal-..Gawâsîs...... 27,91,92¬ 3580 WâdîGâsûs...... 151 ¬ 3581 ¬ 3582 Métaux...... 74,91,92,99,128,149Argent...... … ...... 103,128,132,144,153Bronze...... 23,35,50,54,55, … 106,114,115Cuivre...... … .23,74,92Fer...... 111,129,130, … 170Or12,18,38,39,50,55,59,103,106,118,128,132,144,150,163,173¬ 3583 Miel...... … ....60,61¬ 3584 ¬ 3585 Mihrâb...... 10 … ,120 ¬ 3586 ¬ 3587 ¬ 3588 ¬ 3589 Minaret...... 36,54,78,79,110,120¬ 3590 ¬ 3591 Ministères Ministèredel’Archéologie.....10,11, ¬ 3592 12, ¬ 3593 13, ¬ 3594 15, ¬ 3595 … 16,17,18,19,23,24,25,27,28,30,31,33,34,36,37,38,40,43,44,45,46,48,49,51,53,55 … ,57,58,60,63,64,65,66,67,72,73,75,76,77,78,79,80,87,88,89,90,94,95,97,98,99, … 101,103,104,105,107,108,109,110, ¬ 3596 111, ¬ 3597 112, ¬ 3598 114, ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 234/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

3599 115, ¬ 3600 117, ¬ 3601 121, ¬ 3602 122, ¬ 3603 123, ¬ 3604 … 125,126,127,129,131,132,133,134,135,137,139,142,143,144,145,147,149,150,151, … 152,153,154,158,159,160,161,162,163,166,167,168,169,171,172, … 173MinistèreduTourisme..11,15,29,30,58, ¬ 3605 134, ¬ 3606 140 ¬ 3607 Miroir...... … 63,129¬ 3608 ¬ 3609 Moine...... … ...... 56 ¬ 3610 ¬ 3611 Momies.....39,59,69,70,72,87,92,93,103,114,130,133,134,136,139,149,150,152,155 … ,163,165MomiedeRamsèsII...... 39 ¬ 3612 Momification...... 9,70,95,124,170¬ 3613 ¬ 3614 Monastères...... 34,59,69,86,107,173¬ 3615 al-..Dayral-..Ahmar...... 147,173¬ 3616 DayrAbûMînâ...... 13¬ 3617 Dayral-..Naqlûn...... 59¬ 3618 Dayral-..Suryân...... 69¬ 3619 MonastèreBlanc...... 148 ¬ 3620 MonastèredeSaintMénas...... 13,25,33,34¬ 3621 ¬ 3622 Monnaie...... 26,89,105,106,130,154,159,162,171 ¬ 3623 Montgolfière...... … 138¬ 3624 Mosaïque...... 32, … 120¬ 3625 Mosquées...... … ..120¬ 3626 MosquéeAhmadIbnTûlûn...... 30,79¬ 3627 Mosquéeal-..Hâkim...... 30¬ 3628 Mosquéeal-..Tanbaghâal-..Mârdânî...... 119,120¬ 3629 Mosquéeal-..ZâhirBaybars...... 110¬ 3630 Moulin...... … .53,54¬ 3631 Murailles...... … ...... 54 ¬ 3632 Muséedepleinair...... 97,104,125,131,148,149¬ 3633 ¬ 3634 MuséesÄgyptischesMuseumundPapyrussammlungBerlin-..Charlottenburg...... … ...... 136BritishMuseum..21,42,76,108,116,136, /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 235/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

3634… 166GrandMuséeÉgyptien(GEM)...... 14,19,20,27,29,30,31,32,39,41,42,43,51,52,55, … 58,61,74,77,101,107,121,123,136,145,150,158,163,173,178, … 179KunsthistorischesMuseumWien...... 136 … Muséearchéologiqued’al-..‘Arîsh...... 26 … MuséearchéologiquedeBanîSwayf...... 32MuséearchéologiquedeKafral-.. … Shaykh...... 32MuséearchéologiquedelaBibliothecaAlexandrina...... … ...... 179 … MuséearchéologiquedeLouqsor...... 131,159, ¬ 3635 162,163MuséearchéologiquedeMallawî31,38,59,60,¬ 3636 68,72,73,151,169,178MuséearchéologiquedePort-..Saïd...... … 32MuséearchéologiquedeRosette...... 179MuséearchéologiquedeSharm ¬ 3637 al-..Shaykh...30, ¬ 3638 32 … MuséearchéologiquedeSuez...... 32,127MuséearchéologiquedeSuhâg30, … 32,147,149MuséeAtonien...... 12,32, … 178MuséeCopte...... 23,47,69,73,178,179Muséed’archéologiesous-.. … marine...... 129Muséed’Artislamique....23,28,68,88,89,115,¬ 3639 168,178¬ 3640 MuséedeKomÛshîm...... 129,131,170,179¬ 3641 MuséedelaMomification...... 95 ¬ 3642 MuséedelaNubie...... 133,136¬ 3643 MuséedeLouqsor...... 159¬ 3644 MuséedesBijouxroyaux...... 32,47,168¬ 3645 MuséedesCarrossesroyaux...... 32¬ 3646 MuséedesCrocodiles...... 136 ¬ 3647 MuséedesTextileségyptiens...... 179¬ 3648 MuséeduLouvre...38,39,42,46,88,116,136,¬ 3649 ¬ 3650 145¬ 3651 MuséeÉgyptien....11,12,17,19,24,27,32,33,46,48,49,51,61,67,68,69,77,83,84,90, … 91,103,105,106,117,118,129,135,141,143,145,146,153,176,178,179¬ 3652 MuséeGamâl‘Abdal-..Nâsir...... 102 ¬ 3653 MuséeGayerANDERSON...... 48,79¬ 3654 Muséegréco-..romain...... 32,129¬ 3655 MuséeManyal...... 45¬ 3656 Muséenationald’Alexandrie...... 48,179¬ 3657 MuséenationaldelaCivilisationégyptienne¬ 3658 ¬ 3659 (NMEC)...... 14,15,45,47,116,123,136,142,¬ 3660 143,152,161,168,179MuséenationaldeTokyo...... … 101Muséeparlementaire...... … 112MuseoEgiziodiTorino...... … 152RijksmuseumvanOudheden...... 152Roemer-..undPelizaeus … -..Museumd’Hildesheim ¬ 3661 ...... … ...... 59 … RuknFârûq...... 9,29,30,50,170TheMetropolitan ¬ 3662 MuseumofArt.....42,87,150ThePetrieMuseumofEgyptianArchaeology¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 236/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

3663 ...... … ...... 108 … ToledoMuseumofArt.113,114,115,122,135Muséologie12,31,60,88,89,101,110,135,145, … 163,165¬ 3664 Musique...... 119, … 140 ¬ 3665 ¬ 3666 N ¬ 3667 Nain...... … ...... 133 ¬ 3668 Nappephréatique...... 33,34¬ 3669 NationalGeographicSociety...... 20,74,152,155 ¬ 3670 ¬ 3671 ¬ 3672 ¬ 3673 NationalOrganisationforUrbanHarmony(NOUH)...... … ...... 82,181¬ 3674 Navigation...... 27, … 35¬ 3675 ¬ 3676 Navire...... 107,115,125,144¬ 3677 ¬ 3678 Nécropoles..9,70,75,92,95,108,123,124,132,135,139,146,147,148,152, … 167Nécropolethébaine...... 161¬ 3679 Némès...... … ...... 95 ¬ 3680 ¬ 3681 Niche...... 10,36,76,120,124¬ 3682 ¬ 3683 Nil.9,17,27,32,35,39,50,54,55,70,75,83,87,91,92,95,98,99,109,117,123,127,132, … 133,141,143,152,160,161,162,170,178¬ 3684 Nomsdelieux ¬ 3685 Allemagne...... 59,85,94,99,136,163¬ 3686 Berlin...... 91,136,142,157¬ 3687 Hildesheim...... 59 ¬ 3688 Tübingen...... 87¬ 3689 Arabiesaoudite...... 25,46,86,100,157¬ 3690 LMecque...... 53,67,103¬ 3691 Riyad...... … .86¬ 3692 Australie...... … ...23 ¬ 3693 Autriche...... … ..23 ¬ 3694 Vienne...... 21,84¬ 3695 Belgique...... 62,63,121,136,152,153¬ 3696 Bruxelles...... 142,152¬ 3697 Brésil...... /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 237/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

3697… ...... 23 ¬ 3698 Canada...... 110,163¬ 3699 Toronto...... 110 ¬ 3700 Chine...... 77,104,124,129¬ 3701 Confédérationsuisse...... 152,153,160,161¬ 3702 Genève...... 160¬ 3703 Égypte¬ 3704 Alexandrie...13,16,32,33,34,35,40,46,47,¬ 3705 48,49,55,65,69,88,102,115,117,124,¬ 3706 125,126,127,129,137,141,168,174,¬ 3707 176,177,178,179,180,181¬ 3708 AbûMînâ...... 13,25,33,34¬ 3709 Abûqîr...... 115,125¬ 3710 Héraklion...... 125 ¬ 3711 Komal-..Dikka...... 13,102¬ 3712 Komal-..Shuqâfa...... 65,124,137,176¬ 3713 Delta....17,27,40,56,93,149,150,174,175,¬ 3714 177,178¬ 3715 al-..Buhayra...... 174,176,177,180¬ 3716 Rosette...... 24,136,140,174,177,179¬ 3717 Wâdîal-..Natrûn...... 68,69¬ 3718 al-..Daqahliyya...... 145¬ 3719 al-..Gharbiyya...... 57,176,180¬ 3720 Bahbîtal-..Hagar...... 160,171,172¬ 3721 Samannûd...... 55,56¬ 3722 al-..Ismâ‘îliyya...... 26,35,55, ¬ 3723 180 ¬ 3724 al-..Mansûra...... 32,33,52,56,62,117,160¬ 3725 al-..Munûfiyya...... 24,175¬ 3726 al-..Qalyûbiyya...... 175,180¬ 3727 al-..Sharqiyya...... 31,86,180¬ 3728 Tanis...... 31,165 ¬ 3729 ¬ 3730 Damiette...... 12,55,153,174,177¬ 3731 Kafral-..Shaykh...... 32,168,180¬ 3732 ¬ 3733 Gîza..10,11,14,15,16,17,19,20,24,27,28,30,31,35,45,47,51,52,57,58,61,67,73,74, … 85,86,91,92,93,107,133,134,135,136,140,141,145,149,158,159,163,164,165,167,173 … ,174,175,176,178,180 … Abûsîr...... 17,27,52al-..Lisht. … ...... 87,177Dahshûr...... … ...... 15,85,87,112,167,177Memphis...... … ...... 13Saqqâra9,25,28,52,86,92,113,135,136,140,144,145,147, … 150,169,177¬ 3734 Haute-..Égypte..38,59,72,84,85,93,94,110,118,124,131,134,140,147,164Aswân24,28 … ,38,41,49,77,114,118,119,123,124,125,132,133,136,164,166,167,174,177,178, … 180AbûSimbil...... 38,39,118,119Idfû...... … ...... 13,71,102Philae...... /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 238/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

3734… ...... 38,133Qubbatal-..Hawâ...... 123,124,166,167Asyût..24, … 25,40,49,76,95,105,142,174Dandara...... … .13,84,102GirfHusayn...... … 133Kalâbsha...... 38,48,133KumUmbû...... … ...... 13,102,124,132,136Louqsor9,24,28,40,64,75,76,85,86,94,95,97,98,106 … ,109,110,111,129,131,132,133,134,136,138,146,148,150,152,154,158,159,161,162, … 163,164,166,170,172,177,180al-..‘Asâsîf...... … ...... 152 … al-..Dayral-..Baharî...... 133,166al-..Qurna...... … ...... 76,109,152,175Dayral-..Madîna...... … 69,70,76Dhirâ‘Abûal-..Nagâ...... 86Isnâ...... … ...... 146 … Karnak...... 9,18,87,93,95,97,104,110,111,126,127,148,150,170,174,175, … 177Thèbes13,64,70,75,94,95,97,98,126,137,138Nubie...13,38,39,106,114,119,124, … 132,133,136,166,177Qinâ...... … ...... 177¬ 3735 LeCaire...... 35,117¬ 3736 al-..Darbal-..Ahmar...... 119,174,178¬ 3737 al-..Gamâliyya...... 14¬ 3738 Bûlâq...... 32,141¬ 3739 Fustât...... 24,25,45,116,136,168,176¬ 3740 Héliopolis.....60,62,63,64,80,97,99,116,¬ 3741 117,118,128¬ 3742 Hilwân...... 9,50,51,170,180¬ 3743 Matariyya...... 62,99,176,178 ¬ 3744 ¬ 3745 ¬ 3746 ¬ 3747 Shubrâ...... 175 ¬ 3748 Vieux-..Caire...... 23,47,160,168¬ 3749 Zamâlik...... 10,55,142¬ 3750 Moyenne-..Égypte...... 49,68,175¬ 3751 BanîSwayf...... 32,40,49,108,109,180¬ 3752 Ihnâsyâ...... 109¬ 3753 Bâwît...... 24,142¬ 3754 Fayyûm....13,30,40,57,59,129,130,131,¬ 3755 ¬ 3756 141,170,174,176,179,180¬ 3757 Hawwâra...... 130 ¬ 3758 Karânîs...... 129,130,170¬ 3759 KîmânFâris...... 130¬ 3760 KomÛshîm...... 129,131,170,179¬ 3761 Maydûm...... 13¬ 3762 Wâdîal-..Hîtân...... 13 ¬ 3763 ¬ 3764 HérakléopolisMagna...... 109¬ 3765 ¬ 3766 Minyâ.24,25,28,29,31,32,38,40,59,60,68,72,73,95,117,118,142,169,170,174,175, /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 239/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

3766… 176,180Achôris...... 95 … al-..Ashmûnayn...... 21,72al-..Bahnasâ...... … ...... 33,72,177Dayral-..Barshâ...... … ...... 142Mallawî.28,29,31,38,59,60, ¬ 3767 68, ¬ 3768 72, ¬ 3769 73, ¬ 3770 ¬ 3771 118,151,169,170,178Tûnaal-..Gabal...... … ...21 ¬ 3772 Suhâg...... 25,30,32,40,87,139,140,147,148,149,167,173,175,177,178,179,180, … 181Abîdus.87,139,140,147,148,149,167,¬ 3773 168,175¬ 3774 Shunatal-..Zabîb...... 147 ¬ 3775 Akhmîm...... 147,148,149¬ 3776 Athribis...... 87,147,148¬ 3777 ¬ 3778 NouvelleVallée … al-..Dâkhla...... 36,37al-.. … Khârga...... 36,87¬ 3779 Port-..Saïd...... 32,117¬ 3780 ¬ 3781 Sinaï.....13,25,26,91,92,101,174,176,177,178 … Nord-..Sinaï...... 26 … Sud-..Sinaï...... 13,26,176,177¬ 3782 Sirâbîtal-..Khâdim...... 26,177¬ 3783 ¬ 3784 Suez...... 16,26,27,28,32,35,102,103,107,127,128,153,158,176,178‘Aynal-.. … Sukhna...... 27,154,158Wâdîal-..Garf...... … ...... 16,17,26,27¬ 3785 TaposirisMagna...... 22, … 52Émiratsarabesunis.25,28,152,153,157,161AbuDhabi...... … ...... 156,157Espagne...... … ...25,66,109,166¬ 3786 États-..Unis...... 22,23,49,67,94,108,110,114,122,124,135,137,147,152,153,154 … ,155,156,157,160,161,163,165Boston...... … ...... 42 … Chicago...... 71,108 ¬ 3787 LosAngeles...... 67,155¬ 3788 NewYork...... 107,113,114,115,150,155¬ 3789 SanFrancisco...... 67 ¬ 3790 Washington...... 153,154,155¬ 3791 ¬ 3792 France...10,23,35,38,39,88,93,94,102,126,131,138,156,157,163Grenoble...... … ...... 93 Paris9, ¬ 3793 10, ¬ 3794 35, ¬ 3795 38, ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 240/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

3796 39, ¬ 3797 88, ¬ 3798 107, ¬ 3799 116, ¬ 3800 142, ¬ 3801 156 ¬ 3802 Grèce...... 96,114,115,156¬ 3803 Athènes...... 96,136¬ 3804 Inde...... … ...... 62 ¬ 3805 Iran...... … ...... 89 ¬ 3806 Iraq...... 100,112,155,157¬ 3807 Israël...... 25,26,102,157¬ 3808 Jérusalem...... 25,26¬ 3809 TelAviv...... 25,26¬ 3810 Italie...... 22,23,29,68,115¬ 3811 Rome...... 114,152¬ 3812 Turin...... 22,85,152¬ 3813 ¬ 3814 Japon18,23,25,37,38,40,41,51,65,77,101,113,121,122,165Osaka...... … ...... 37,51,65Tokyo...... … ...... 37,51,65,74,101¬ 3815 Jordanie...... 46,100,171¬ 3816 Kazakhstan...... 110 ¬ 3817 Liban...... … ...... 59 ¬ 3818 Libye...... 156, … 157¬ 3819 Mali...... … .....156 ¬ 3820 Maroc...... 25,66,67¬ 3821 Mexique...... … ..81¬ 3822 ¬ 3823 Mexico...... 80,81¬ 3824 Niger...... … ...... 25¬ 3825 Palestine...... … 108 ¬ 3826 Pays-..Bas...... … .152¬ 3827 ¬ 3828 Amsterdam...... 152 ¬ 3829 Pérou...... … ...... 22 ¬ 3830 Qatar...... 143,157¬ 3831 Républiquedel’Équateur...... 145,173¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 241/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

3832 ¬ 3833 Quito...... 145,173¬ 3834 RépubliqueDominicaine...... 22¬ 3835 Royaume-..Uni...... 18,93,94,102¬ 3836 ¬ 3837 Londres...... 10,108,116,136,142,152,161,¬ 3838 ¬ 3839 166 ¬ 3840 Syrie...... 25,100,102,103,106,157¬ 3841 Tunisie...... … .....25 ¬ 3842 Turquie...... 24,25,33,66¬ 3843 UnionEuropéenne...... 29¬ 3844 Yémen...... 121,133,141,155,157¬ 3845 ¬ 3846 Nomsdepersonnes‘Abdal-..‘Azîz(Muhammad)...... 63,78,110,120,151,160,176‘Abdal- … ..Basîr(al-..Husayn).....17,25,44,87,126,142,161,175 ‘Abdal-..Fattâh ¬ 3847 (Ahmad)...... 129 … ‘Abdal-..Gawwâd(Sha‘bân)..9,25,80,103,114,122,135,152,154,161,166,171,177 ¬ 3848 ¬ 3849 ¬ 3850 ‘Abdal-..Maqsûd(Muhammad)...... 176 ‘Abdal-..Mun‘im ¬ 3851 (Ayman)...... 180 … ‘Abdal-..Nâsir(Gamâl)...... 38,55,102,148,175 … ‘Abdal-..Râziq(Sabâh)...49,60,83,95,105,123,¬ 3852 128,134,138,140,150,153,179‘Afîfî(Mahmûd)...64,94,97,99,104,123,130,¬ 3853 133,139,147,159,166,171,176‘Azab(Khâlid)...... … ...... 179‘Ukâsha(Tharwat)...... … ...... 38Abûal-..Khayr(Usâma)....32,41,51,52,62,179AbûShanab(‘Abdal-.. … Karîm)...... 57al-..‘Ashmâwî(Ashraf)...... … ...... 176al-..‘Inânî(Khâlid).....9,12,13,16,17,18,23,24,¬ 3854 25,27,31,32,33,34,36,37,38,43,45,47,¬ 3855 48,49,50,53,56,65,66,73,77,83,88,90,¬ 3856 94,97,98,101,105,109,110,113,114,116,¬ 3857 119,120,121,123,124,125,129,131,134,¬ 3858 135,140,145,147,148,149,151,152,153,¬ 3859 155,158,159,163,168,169,170,171,172,¬ 3860 173,176al-..Bâz(Fârûq)...... … ...119al-..Damâtî(Mamdûh)...... 17,150al-.. … Ibrâshî(May)...... 78,79,80al-..Kahlâwî( … Muhammad)...... 43,181al-..Kasabânî(Mukhtâr)...... … ...... 76,177,180al-..Kîlânî(Nivîn)...... … .10,95,181al-..Laythî(Hishâm)...... 132,175al-. … .Nabrâwî(Ra’fat)...... 180,181al-..Râwî(Ahmad). … ...... 86,143,153,154,174al-..Saghîr(Mustafa)...... … .131,148,170al-..Shâzlî(Yâsmîn).....13,49,101,125,150,178al-..Shûkî(Ahmad).... … ...... 115,178al-..Sîsî(‘Abdal-..Fattâh)...... … ...... 39,77,102,121al-..Tîbî(‘Amr)..23,37,48,51,65,145,173,174Amîn(Mustafa). /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 242/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

3860… ....19,31,33,49,52,59,65,71,¬ 3861 73,76,77,84,85,86,87,104,105,110,111,¬ 3862 118,137,142,143,146,151,154,158,161,¬ 3863 168,173,177 ¬ 3864 BÁRTA(Miroslav)...... 113 ¬ 3865 BOKOVA(Irina)...... 125,156 ¬ 3866 BOMMAS(Martin)...... 124,167 ¬ 3867 BORCHARDT(Ludwig)...... 93,150 ¬ 3868 BRISSAUD(Philippe)...... 31 ¬ 3869 CARTER(Howard)...... 38,93,123,128 ¬ 3870 CHAMPOLLION(Jean-..François)...... 93 ¬ 3871 CHANG(Ruey-..Lin)...... 21,22 ¬ 3872 COLLOMBERT(Philippe)...... 160¬ 3873 Darwîsh(Ibrâhîm)...... 127¬ 3874 DAYAN(Moshe)...... 26 ¬ 3875 DMORGAN(Jacques)...... 127,167 ¬ 3876 DESROCHESNOBLECOURT(Christiane)...... 38,39 ¬ 3877 DORMAN ¬ 3878 (Peter)...... 35 ¬ 3879 DOURGNON(Marcel)...... 141 ¬ 3880 DRIOTON(Étienne)...... 38 ¬ 3881 EMPEREUR(Jean-..Yves)...... 126¬ 3882 Fakhrî(Ahmad)...... 24,85,145 ¬ 3883 ¬ 3884 FAVARD-..MEEKS(Christine)...... 160 ¬ 3885 FLETCHER(Joann)...... 93 ¬ 3886 FOURNET(Jean-..Luc)...... 22¬ 3887 Gardiner(AlanHenderson)...... 93¬ 3888 GASCOU(Jean)...... 21 ¬ 3889 GOBEIL(Cédric)...... 69,71 ¬ 3890 GODDIO(Franck)...... 125,126¬ 3891 Habashî(Labîb)...... 145¬ 3892 HAMPIKIAN(Nairy)...... 80 ¬ 3893 Hasan(Silîm)...... 10,135,140,143,145,146¬ 3894 Hawwâs(Zâhî).....17,22,67,81,82,85,90,94,¬ 3895 ¬ 3896 99,100,113,122,133,136,137,151¬ 3897 Haykal(Fâyza)...... 76¬ 3898 HOLLANDE(François)...... 89,156¬ 3899 Ibrâhîm(Muhammad)...... 17¬ 3900 JACQUEMART(Henri-..Alfred)...... 35,55 ¬ 3901 KUROKOCHI(Hiromasa)...... 74,75 ¬ 3902 LEBLANC(Christian)...... 131,138 ¬ 3903 LECLÈRE(François)...... 31 ¬ 3904 LEGRAIN(Georges)...... 126,127 ¬ 3905 LEHNER(Mark)...... 113 ¬ 3906 LEPSIUS(KarlRichard)...... 93¬ 3907 Mahfûz(Nagîb)...... 12,16,27,95,96,174¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 243/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

3908 MARCEL(Alexandre)...... 62,116 ¬ 3909 MARIETTE(Auguste)...... 93,140,141 ¬ 3910 MARTINEZ(Jean-..Luc)...... 88,89 ¬ 3911 MARTINEZ(Kathleen)...... 22 ¬ 3912 MASPERO(Gaston)...... 93,169 ¬ 3913 MONREAL(Luis)...... 110,120¬ 3914 Mubârak(Husnî)...... 55,112¬ 3915 Nûral-..Dîn(‘Abdal-..Halîm)25,43,75,140,141, ¬ 3916 ¬ 3917 142,180 ¬ 3918 PENG ¬ 3919 (Shih-..Fu)...... 165 ¬ 3920 PETRIE(WilliamMatthewFlinders)...... 108 ¬ 3921 PISCHIKOVA(Elena)...... 64,76,98 ¬ 3922 Plinel’Ancien...... 21 ¬ 3923 Qanawâtî(Nagîb)...... 108¬ 3924 Radwân(‘Alî)...... 180 ¬ 3925 RAU(Dietrich)...... 97,99¬ 3926 Rayhân(‘Abdal-..Rahîm)...... 174 ¬ 3927 REISNER(George)...... 42,150 ¬ 3928 ROUGERIE(Jacques)...... 129¬ 3929 Salâhal-..Dîn(Ilhâm)....11,12,18,23,37,38,44,¬ 3930 ¬ 3931 49,51,60,72,104,109,130,140,149,151,¬ 3932 159,169,173,179¬ 3933 Salâma(Nasr)...... 114,166,177¬ 3934 Sâlih(Ahmad)...... 174¬ 3935 Sâlih(Fathî)...... 181¬ 3936 SECOALVAREZ(Myriam)...... 134 ¬ 3937 SEIDLMAYER(Stephan)...... 85 ¬ 3938 SOUROUZIAN(Hourig)...... 158,159,162,163 ¬ 3939 STADELMANN(Rainer)...... 113 ¬ 3940 STRABON...... … 127 ¬ 3941 TALLET(Pierre)...... 16,26,61¬ 3942 Tawfîq(Sayyid)...... 39¬ 3943 Tawfîq(Târiq)...... 19,20,39,61,101,107,122, ¬ 3944 ¬ 3945 ¬ 3946 ¬ 3947 123,163,179 ¬ 3948 THIERS(Christophe)...... 98,104 ¬ 3949 TZALAS(Harry)...... 126¬ 3950 UmmKulthûm...... 55 ¬ 3951 Wazîrî(Mustafa)...... 97,111,177¬ 3952 WIET(Gaston)...... 88 ¬ 3953 WILLIAMS(Caroline)...... 10¬ 3954 Yoshimura(Sakuji)...... 20,75 ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 244/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

3955 ¬ 3956 O ¬ 3957 Oasis … al-..Dâkhla...... 29,36,37,53,54,170Bahariyya...... … ...... 136,149Khârga¬ 3958 Ummal-..Dabâdib...... 87 ¬ 3959 Obélisques...... 99,125,133,178¬ 3960 l’Obélisqueinachevé...... 133 ¬ 3961 ¬ 3962 Œ ¬ 3963 ŒilOudjat...... … ....69 ¬ 3964 ¬ 3965 O ¬ 3966 Offrande...... … ....144 ¬ 3967 ¬ 3968 Oiseaux...... … ...... 73 ¬ 3969 Faucon...... … .134 ¬ 3970 Ibis...... … ...... 73 ¬ 3971 Oie...... 60,61, … 79¬ 3972 Pigeon...... … ....61¬ 3973 ¬ 3974 OrganisationsinternationalesUnitedNationsEducational, … ScientificandCulturalOrganisation(UNESCO)...13,22,26,32,33,34,38,39,68,80,101, … 102,114,116,119,122,124,125,133,134,135,156,157,181 … UnitedStatesAgencyforInternationalDevelopment(USAID)...... … ....79,137¬ 3975 Osiréion...... 147, … 148¬ 3976 ¬ 3977 Ossements...... 83,85,131¬ 3978 ¬ 3979 Ostraca...... 54,95,106,132,138,162¬ 3980 ¬ 3981 Ostracon...... … ...... 95 ¬ 3982 ¬ 3983 Ouchebti...... 26,48,80,115,130,150 ¬ 3984 ¬ 3985 P ¬ 3986 Pain...... 56, … 60,83¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 245/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

3987 ¬ 3988 Palais10,11,30,35,36,45,47,53,56,62,63,64,69,79,91,96,108,111,116,117,129,138, … 142,172,173,175,176,178,179Palaisal-..Gawhara...... … ...... 32 … Palaisal-..Sakâkînî...... 111 … Palaisal-..Shinnâwî...... 56 … Palaisdu ¬ 3989 baron ¬ 3990 Empain...62,64,105,117,176 … PalaisIsmâ‘îlMuhammad...... 142 … PalaisMânistirlî...... 9,30,32,49,50PalaisManyal.11,45, … 49,50,91,142,172,173, 178,179PalaisMuhammad ¬ 3991 ‘Alî...... 9,47,91,175 ¬ 3992 Papyrus...... 13,16,17,18,21,22,26,27,73,130, ¬ 3993 154 PapyrusdeChéops...... 16,17,27¬ 3994 Parfum...... … ...... 51 ¬ 3995 ¬ 3996 Parlement...... … ..112 ¬ 3997 ¬ 3998 Particuliers ¬ 3999 Amenrenef...... 133,134¬ 4000 Antef...... 95, … 106¬ 4001 Ari-..Nefer...... … ....69 ¬ 4002 Hémiounou...... 27 ¬ 4003 Henu...... … ...... 73 ¬ 4004 IduII...... … ...... 59 ¬ 4005 Imhotep...... … 143¬ 4006 Inty...... … ...... 108¬ 4007 Karabasken...... 64,75,76,98¬ 4008 Merer...... 17, … 27¬ 4009 Nakhtmin...... 95,106¬ 4010 Nefer-..shemes...... 108 ¬ 4011 Néfert...... … ...... 50 ¬ 4012 Nenkheftkha...... 108 ¬ 4013 Rahotep...... … ...50¬ 4014 Rawer...... 10, … 11¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 246/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

4015 SarenpoutIer...... 123,124,167¬ 4016 Sekhem-..Ka...... … 135 ¬ 4017 Séneb...... … ...133 ¬ 4018 Sénedjem...... … 165¬ 4019 SeshemNefer...... 11 ¬ 4020 Shedu...... … ..108 ¬ 4021 Youya...... … ..165¬ 4022 ¬ 4023 Peinture...... 11,12,13,23,43,55,98¬ 4024 ¬ 4025 Pèlerinage...... 34,36,147,170¬ 4026 ¬ 4027 PériodiquesCahiersdeKarnak...... … .87 ¬ 4028 Perle...... … ...... 49 ¬ 4029 ¬ 4030 Phares...... 107,108,126,129,140,168¬ 4031 Phareal-..Burullus...... 168 ¬ 4032 Phared’Alexandrie...... 126,129¬ 4033 PhareEIFFELdeRâsGhârib...... 107,108¬ 4034 ¬ 4035 PierredeRosette...... 136 ¬ 4036 ¬ 4037 Pierres...... 10,23,37,50,69,75,84,96,103,113,116,120,126,130,131,133,136,140, … 141,144,149,159,163,171,172Calcaire...... … ...... 10,106Grès...... … ...... 106 ¬ 4038 Pipe...... 78, … 81,82¬ 4039 ¬ 4040 PlaceTahrîr.16,18,23,26,28,29,37,50,51,54,55,65,83,93,103,109,129,134,140,141, … 149,164,165,169¬ 4041 Plateau ¬ 4042 … deGîza...10,11,14,15,16,17,19,20,31,47,51,52,57,58,61,67,73,74,91,107,134,136 … ,140,158,165,173,178¬ 4043 Pluie...... … ....56,69¬ 4044 ¬ 4045 Poisson...... 60,61,128,131¬ 4046 ¬ 4047 Polémique...... /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 247/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

4047… ....91 ¬ 4048 ¬ 4049 Polices...... 111,116,157,159,160,161¬ 4050 FederalBureauofInvestigation(FBI)...... 155 ¬ 4051 ¬ 4052 ¬ 4053 ¬ 4054 ¬ 4055 Réaménagement...... 10,12,69,131,134Relique...... … ...... 56,83,97Répliquearchéologique.. … .9,11,12,13,17,18,19,¬ 4056 23,24,37,38,45,47,48,51,65,90,104,112,115,145,170,173¬ 4057 ReptilesCobra...... … ...... 52 … Crocodile...... 50,130,131,163Serpent...... … ...... 62,69,84,95,149¬ 4058 Résine...... … ...... 70 ¬ 4059 ¬ 4060 Restauration14,15,19,20,25,30,32,33,34,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,49,50,51,52, … 53,54,55,56,58,60,62,63,64,65,67,71,73,74,75,77,78,79,80,81,86,87,88,89,93,95, … 96,97,98,101,102,104,105,107,108,110,114,119,120,122,129,131,135,136,137,138, … 146,147,148,157,160,161,168,169,170,173,174,175,176,178,179¬ 4061 Restitution...... 15,17,135,137,152Riwâq...... … ...... 120Roches ¬ 4062 Albâtre...... 20,42,51,52,73,95,106Diorite...... … ...... 163 … Granit...52,56,64,76,125,144,145,148,159,¬ 4063 160,162,171Grès...... … ...... 106 Marbre...... 51,63,65,73,120,153 ¬ 4064 S ¬ 4065 SainteFamille...... … 56 … Sallehypostyle...... … 76Sallesd’enchères ¬ 4066 AweidahGallery...... 26¬ 4067 BaidunShop...... 26¬ 4068 Bonhams...... … 10 ¬ 4069 Christie’sInc...... 113,114,122¬ 4070 Sarcophage25,38,52,55,59,60,64,76,98,114,¬ 4071 ¬ 4072 125,130,133,152,153,155¬ 4073 Sceau...... … 90,105¬ 4074 Sceptre...... 95,123,144¬ 4075 Scorpion...... … ....173¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 248/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

4076 Scribe...... … ...... 112 ¬ 4077 Sérail...... … ...... 35 ¬ 4078 Silo...... … 130,132¬ 4079 Sistre...... … ...... 69 ¬ 4080 Soldat...... 105 … ,144¬ 4081 Sonetlumière...... 116,119,181¬ 4082 Sondage...... 86, … 137¬ 4083 Souveraines ¬ 4084 ¬ 4085 Cléopâtre...... 22,126,129¬ 4086 Hatchepsout...... 152,166¬ 4087 ¬ 4088 Souverains … Ahmosis...... 106,147,163Akhenaton. … ...... 72,163,165Amenhotep1er...... … 39,106,132,138,158,159,¬ 4089 161,162,163 AmenhotepII.39,132,138,158,159,161,162,¬ 4090 163 AmenhotepIII...... 39,132,138,158,159,161,¬ 4091 162,163Ay...... … ...... 106Chéops16,17,18,19,20,27,31,42,48,57,58,¬ 4092 74,75,91,92,107,112,113,122,133,165,¬ 4093 176 ¬ 4094 Chéphren...... … .42¬ 4095 Djedefrê...... … ...75¬ 4096 Djoser...... 52,144,146,147¬ 4097 Horemheb...... 150 ¬ 4098 Houni...... … ..133 ¬ 4099 JulesCésar...... 126 ¬ 4100 Khâsekhemoui...... 147 ¬ 4101 MarcAntoine...... 126 ¬ 4102 Mérenptah...... 148¬ 4103 MontouhotepII...... 95,106¬ 4104 Mykérinos...... 20,41,42,51,52,58¬ 4105 Nectanébo1er...... 9,10,52¬ 4106 NectanéboII...... 9,10¬ 4107 Ounas...... 28,140,143,144,146,169¬ 4108 Pépi1er...... 132,166¬ 4109 PépiII...... 132,166¬ 4110 PsammétiqueII...... 125¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 249/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

4111 PtoléméeÉvergète1er....87,108,109,130,148¬ 4112 PtoléméeÉvergèteII...... 108,109,130¬ 4113 PtoléméeVI...... 148¬ 4114 PtoléméeVIIIÉvergèteII...... 148¬ 4115 PtoléméeXI...... 148 ¬ 4116 PtoléméeXII...... 148 ¬ 4117 Rahotep...... … ...50¬ 4118 Ramsès1er....14,39,60,61,69,95,97,99,106,¬ 4119 ¬ 4120 109,118,119,121,125,131,138,145,147,¬ 4121 148,163,164,165,173RamsèsII....14,39,60,61,69,97,99,106,109,¬ 4122 118,119,121,125,131,138,145,147,148,¬ 4123 163,164,165,173RamsèsIII...... … ...... 60,61RamsèsIV...... … ...... 95 … Sekhemkhet...... 144 … Sésostris1er...... 87,99,124,167SésostrisIII... … ...... 87,147,167Séthi1er.47,106,131,132, … 139,140,147,148,¬ 4124 169,170,172Souverainsmusulmans ¬ 4125 ‘Alî(Muhammad)9,12,30,32,35,47,50,55,¬ 4126 91,96,103,143,153,172,175,177¬ 4127 al-..NâsirMuhammad...... 120 ¬ 4128 ¬ 4129 Barqûq(al-..Zâhir)...... 152,161¬ 4130 ¬ 4131 Baybarsal-..Bunduqdârî(al-..Zâhir)...... 10,110¬ 4132 ¬ 4133 FârûqIer...... 9,29,50,112,153,170 ¬ 4134 ¬ 4135 Fu’â1er...... 55 ¬ 4136 ¬ 4137 khédiveIsmâ‘îl...... 35,36,55,107,140,168¬ 4138 ¬ 4139 Qalâwwûn(al-..Nâsir)...... 77,78,160¬ 4140 ¬ 4141 Qâytbây...... 16,24,30,46,47,125,129,151, ¬ 4142 ¬ 4143 ¬ 4144 ¬ 4145 178 SulaymânAghâ ¬ 4146 … al-..Silihdâr...... 152,161sultanHasan...... … ...... 152 ¬ 4147 Thoutmosis1er...... 95,97,98,104,163ThoutmosisII...... 105, … 106,112,133,134,163ThoutmosisIII....95,97,98,104,106,112,133,¬ 4148 134,163ThoutmosisIV...... /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 250/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

4148… 104 Toutankhamon...... 13,14,18,19,23,37,38,39,¬ 4149 40,41,43,47,48,51,61,62,65,83,84,95,100,104,106,107,121,123,128,131,136,163, … 164,165,173¬ 4150 Sphinx...... 19,50,57,74,107,125,129,141,159,162,163¬ 4151 Statue11,12,14,20,26,35, ¬ 4152 39, ¬ 4153 41, ¬ 4154 42, ¬ 4155 44, ¬ 4156 50, ¬ 4157 51, ¬ 4158 … 52,55,62,63,73,81,83,95,96,97,98,103,105,106,107,108,109,111,112,118,119,123, … 124,125,126,130,133,135,138,141,145,148,149,150,151,153,157,158,159,162,163, … 165,171,173¬ 4159 Statuette...... 73,80,81,150Stèle. … .....10,26,60,67,68,87,141,149,150,152,¬ 4160 159,160,162Survey...... 22, … 51,63,75Synagogue...... … ...... 153 ¬ 4161 T ¬ 4162 Tabled’offrande...... 95, … 97TakiyatMuhammadAbûal-..Dahab...... 95,96Tatouage...... … ...... 69,70Tell-..s ¬ 4163 TellDibgou...... … 31¬ 4164 TellNabîsha...... 86 ¬ 4165 ¬ 4166 TemplesRamesseum...... 76,131,132,137, ¬ 4167 138 Templed’Abû ¬ 4168 Simbil...... 39 Templed’Amenhotep ¬ 4169 … III...... 159,161TempledeBahbîtal-..Hagar...... … ...... 160,172TempledeDandara...... … 84TempledeKalâbsha...... … 48TempledeKarnak....9,18,87,95,97,104,110,¬ 4170 111,126,148,170,174TempledeKomUmbû...... … 124TempledeLouqsor...... … 163TempledeMout...... 87¬ 4171 Terracotta...... … ...132 … TextesdesPyramides...... 98Textile. … ...... 20,21,72,142,151,168Coton...... … ...... 20 … Lin...... 108,129,130,153, … 155TheEgyptExploration ¬ 4172 Society(EES)94,123,166Tombes10,11,28,58,74,76,85,94,95,98,108,¬ 4173 109,114,124,131,132,139,140,147,148,149,166,167,169,170,172KV35...... /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 251/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

4173… ...... 93 Mastabas ¬ 4174 mastabadeRawer...... 11 ¬ 4175 Tombed’Ari-..Nefer(TT290)...... 69¬ 4176 TombedeChéchonq(TT27)...... 152¬ 4177 TombedeInty...... 108¬ 4178 TombedeIrtieru(TT390)...... 76,98¬ 4179 TombedeKarabasken ¬ 4180 (TT391)...... 75,98¬ 4181 TombedeKarakhamun(TT223)...... 76,95,98¬ 4182 TombedeNéfertari...... 28,47¬ 4183 TombedeSarenpoutIer...... 123 ¬ 4184 TombedeToutankhamon ¬ 4185 (KV62)...... 47,163¬ 4186 TomedeShedu...... 108 ¬ 4187 TT39...... … ...... 76 ¬ 4188 ¬ 4189 Tourisme11,13,14,15,18,19,23,24,27,28,29,30,36,40,41,46,47,50,53,54,57,58,66, … 67,94,96,99,107,108,111,118,121,122,129,131,133,134,140,142,145,147,152,153, … 155,161,168,169,173¬ 4190 Transfert..12,40,41,42,62,63,77,87,121,137,157,164,172¬ 4191 Tremblementdeterre...... 25,161,162¬ 4192 ¬ 4193 Trône...... 48,52,55,106,112,123,144 ¬ 4194 ¬ 4195 U ¬ 4196 UnescoWorldHeritageList(WHL)..13,101,102¬ 4197 Universités ¬ 4198 ‘AynShamsUniversity...... 80,116¬ 4199 BirminghamUniversity...... 123¬ 4200 HarvardUniversity...... 110¬ 4201 KatholiekeUniversiteitLeuven...... 142 ¬ 4202 LLeland ¬ 4203 Stanford ¬ 4204 JuniorUniversity...... 70¬ 4205 LeidenUniversiteit...... 141 ¬ 4206 LiverpoolUniversity...... 86¬ 4207 PennsylvaniaStateUniversity...... 167¬ 4208 PolitecnicodiTorino...... 85 ¬ 4209 UniversitàdegliStudidiRoma...... 152¬ 4210 UniversitätLeipzig...... 99¬ 4211 UniversitätTübingen...... 87¬ 4212 Universitéd’al-..Azhar...... 143 ¬ 4213 UniversitédeGenève...... 160 ¬ 4214 UniversitédelaSorbonne...... 145,158¬ 4215 UniversitédeSuhâg...... 25¬ 4216 UniversitéduCaire..24,25,35, ¬ 4217 64, ¬ /Users/olivier/Desktop/BIA 54 (numéro complet).txt Page 252/252 Saved: 17/01/30 11:47:34 Printed for: Olivier Cabon

4218 81, ¬ 4219 82, ¬ 4220 130, ¬ 4221 ¬ 4222 141,145¬ 4223 UniversityofMichigan...... 130¬ 4224 UniversityofOxford...... 136,137¬ 4225 WasedaUniversity...... 20,74,75¬ 4226 ¬ 4227 Uraeus...... … ...... 95 ¬ 4228 ¬ 4229 V ¬ 4230 Vallées Valléedesmomiesdorées...... 149 … ValléedesReines...... 76,137,169ValléedesRois...... … ...... 70,76,85,136,169¬ 4231 Vandalisme...... … 162 ¬ 4232 ¬ 4233 Vases...... 13,26,47,128,130,150,154¬ 4234 Vasecanope...... 124,132 ¬ 4235 ¬ 4236 ¬ 4237 ¬ 4238 ViergeMarie...... 56,57,116W … Vizirs ¬ 4239 WorldHeritageCommittee(WHC)...... 12,101 ¬ 4240 ¬ 4241 ¬ 4242 Ankh-..Haef...... … .27 ¬ 4243 Vol...... 91,136,155,157Z ¬ 4244 Voûte...... … ...... 167 ¬ 4245 ¬ 4246 Zodiaque...... … ...148 ¬ 4247 ¬ 4248 ¬ 4249 ¬ 4250 ¬ 4251 ¬ 4252