960 The intergovernmental organizations

Chapter IV The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

During 1976, the United Nations Educational, States under a co-operative programme with the Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)1 International Bank for Reconstruction and Devel- gave priority to encouraging the development of opment. The organization also continued its work communications and cultural policies in many of its with the United Nations Relief and Works Agency member States. A broad range of activities in the for Palestine Refugees in the Near East in 512 humanities, natural sciences, social sciences and schools, gave assistance to six vocational and tech- communications fields continued. nical training centres and three pre-service teach- During 1976, the following States joined er-training centres, and supervised entrance ex- UNESCO, bringing the number of member States to aminations in Gaza for 7,400 candidates wishing to 140: Surinam (16 July), Papua New (4 Oc- continue their studies at Arab universities. A tober), (11 October) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (18 October). The organization also had two asso- project for assistance to African national liberation ciate members, the British Eastern Caribbean movements was transformed into a series of sepa- Group and . rate projects, and activities meeting the require- ments of each movement were carried out. Education The organization's programme for the access of During 1976, UNESCO emphasized the renovation women to education collected reports on achieve- of educational systems to enable education to make ments in this field from , , , Tu- a more effective contribution to the solution of nisia, the USSR and the , and ar- major human problems. ranged fellowships for 14 women. The nineteenth session of the General Confer- ence of UNESCO, held at Nairobi, , in October Natural sciences and November 1976, recommended that adult edu- The organization's major scientific meeting in cation be regarded as an integral part of lifelong 1976, an intergovernmental conference on the as- education. The General Conference also adopted a sessment and mitigation of earthquake risks, was convention on the recognition of studies, diplomas held at . Attended by 160 delegates and ob- and degrees in the Arab States and European coun- servers from 52 countries, the conference consid- tries bordering on the Mediterranean. ered the prediction of earthquakes, scientific and During the year a study of obstacles in the way of technical problems, and the human, social and eco- creating a new international order and UNESCO's nomic aspects involved in protecting populations possible role in the process, Moving Towards Change, against earthquakes. was published. A conference of ministers of educa- A Conference of Ministers of Arab States Re- tion of the African member States of UNESCO was sponsible for the Application of Science and Tech- held at Lagos, . The conference emphasized nology to Development was held at Rabat, Mo- the study of problems involved in the renovation of rocco, in August. The meeting sought to African educational systems and adopted a declara- strengthen co-operation in the following areas: the tion urging far-reaching changes in education in study and management of water resources; the order to provide impetus to social and political ecology of arid and semi-arid lands; geological and change. geophysical research; the study of the marine envi- The first international conference of ministers ronment and coastal zones; and non-traditional and senior officials responsible for physical educa- sources of energy. The Conference decided to cre- tion and sports was held at UNESCO headquarters at ate an Arab fund to finance scientific and techno- Paris in April. The conference, which was attended logical research in the Arab States. by representatives of 106 countries, urged the es- An International Conference on the Education tablishment of a permanent body to co-ordinate and Training of Engineers was held in April at New co-operation in those fields. Training of educational personnel continued. 1 For information about the activities of UNESCO prior to 1976, More than 30 teacher-training projects were car- see reports of UNESCO to the United Nations, reports of the ried out in Africa and 47 expert planning missions Director-General of UNESCO to the General Conference and pre- on educational financing were sent to member vious volumes of Y.U.N. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 961

Delhi, . Another meeting, which was held at intensified on the application of the social sciences Tunis, , on the status of scientific research- to the administration and management of develop- ers in developing countries, considered ways to ment, to rural development, to the conditions of halt the "brain drain." migrant workers, to problems of drug abuse and to Progress was made in building the machinery of the social aspects of environmental problems. international scientific co-operation. The Interna- The organization continued its work on the anal- tional Geological Correlation Programme con- ysis of manifestations, causes and effects of the vio- tinued; 69 countries formed national committees lation of human rights and violations of peace. for the programme and 55 research projects were Other studies concerned conditions necessary for under way, some of which dealt with economically the respect of fundamental rights and liberties in important minerals and special problems of fossil multi-ethnic societies and the structural integration fuels accumulation. of immigrants in Western Europe. Studies con- Progress continued on the Intergovernmental tinued on societies in southern Africa in relation to Programme on Man and the Biosphere by the crea- the effects of apartheid and domination by white tion of an international network of biosphere re- minorities. In its efforts to promote international serves. A large integrated project on arid lands was co-operation, UNESCO began to concentrate on launched in co-operation with the United Nations disarmament and the study of violence. Environment Programme, and a working site was The organization continued to support the in- established in northern Kenya. creasing role of women in society by strengthening The organization also participated in the Joint international collaboration among the organs of Oceanographic Assembly held in September at Ed- the United Nations, as well as with women's move- inburgh, Scotland. The organization's Intergov- ments and interested non-governmental organiza- ernmental Oceanographic Commission helped de- tions. veloping countries in Latin America and Eastern Youth programmes were designed to promote Africa to set up a joint research programme on greater participation by youth in the affairs of soci- oceanic upwelling in offshore areas, a process ety, and young people and their organizations were which leads to increased productivity of fisheries. more closely linked to UNESCO programmes. In By the end of 1976 the UNESCO intergovernmen- 1976 such programmes dealt with studies on tal programme for co-operation in the field of unemployment among youth and the development scientific and technological information had na- of their cultural life, the problems of young work- tional committees in 80 countries. The intergov- ers, and the promotion of voluntary service for de- ernmental information programme provided as- velopment. sistance to 20 developing countries to help them Themes of other meetings held in 1976 in- strengthen their information systems. cluded: the effects of technological innovation on man's cultural environment; education goals and Social sciences and their application theories (held jointly with the International Bu- A section to deal with the social sciences and reau of Education); main trends of interdiscipli- their application was established in the secretariat nary research in the social sciences and humani- of UNESCO in 1976. Emphasis was placed on: the ties; the interpretations of experiences by and fundamental application of those disciplines and through the mass media; and the role of the so- the clarification of concepts and criteria; the profes- cial and human sciences with regard to the prob- sional responsibilities of social scientists; the rela- lems of peace. tionship between social sciences and natural sciences; and the need for interdisciplinary re- Culture search into such questions as the reaction of the Special attention was paid to the co-ordination of social sciences to problems created by scientific international effort when implementing projects and technological revolution. Among improve- financed through voluntary contributions for major ments in the information and documentation ser- restoration campaigns, such as those for Philae, vices was the incorporation of those services into , and Borobudur, . Many of the pri- UNESCO's intergovernmental information pro- vate committees contributing to the project to safe- gramme. The World List of Social Science Publications guard Venice, , were also able to carry out a and Volume I of a new series on the World-wide number of restoration projects. Service of Information about the Social Sciences were For the training of specialists in the conservation published. of cultural property and in muscology, two types of A study was carried out on the problems of de- courses were organized: international courses at velopment, including developmental aid, the im- the International Centre for the Study of the Pres- pact of transnational enterprises on education, sci- ervation and Restoration of Cultural Property at ence, culture and communication, and the Rome, Italy, and regional courses at Jos, Nigeria, socio-cultural aspects of development. Work was and Cuzco, . Recommendations on the inter- 962 The intergovernmental organizations national exchange of cultural property and on the emphasized the essential functions of communica- safeguarding and contemporary role of historic tions in the establishment of the new international areas were adopted by the 1976 General Confer- economic order. A second conference in this series ence. was planned for Asia in 1978. The General Conference also adopted an inter- The General Conference adopted a resolution national recommendation on people's participa- inviting the Director-General of UNESCO to give tion in and contribution to cultural life. careful attention to the recommendations ap- The International Fund for the Promotion of proved by the Fifth Conference of Heads of State Culture became operational in 1976. The Fund, or Government of Non-Aligned Countries held at through loans, subventions and investments, was Colombo, , in August 1976, which called established to finance cultural projects in the orga- for reinforcement of the resources provided for nization's member States; its resources were ob- communication and information activities. tained from public and private voluntary contribu- During the year UNESCO continued its pro- tions. gramme for the development of communication A total of 28 States ratified or accepted the 1972 systems. Regional advisers in the Arab States, International Convention concerning the Protec- Africa and Asia assisted member States in the for- tion of the Cultural and Natural Heritage. The mulation of development plans and in the estab- Convention's first general assembly of States was lishment of training facilities. Training courses held at Nairobi in November 1976 during the Gen- were organized in co-operation with the Asian In- eral Conference, and members of the World Heri- stitute for Broadcast Development and with the tage Committee were elected. Kenya Institute of Mass Communication. Assist- The World Cultural Heritage Bulletin was published ance was given to develop rural newspapers in three times during the year in English, French and Ghana, Kenya and the United Republic of Tan- Spanish. The periodical Museums was published in zania, and community communication projects English and French. Co-operation with non-gov- were supported in Peru and . ernmental organizations, such as the International A new concept, NATIS (national information sys- Council of Museums, the International Council of tems), emphasized the need for co-operative action Monuments and Sites and the International Feder- at the national level in the fields of documentation, ation of Landscape Architects, was strengthened. libraries, archives and book promotion. To pro- The UNESCO programme of cultural studies and mote awareness of NATIS, meetings were organized dissemination had three main components in 1976: in various regions by UNESCO or under the sponsor- regional studies, intercultural studies, and dissemi- ship of UNESCO. The Intergovernmental Confer- nation of cultural works. Increasing emphasis was ence on Communication Policies for Latin America laid on the study of intercultural relations and the and the Caribbean recommended that member impact of technologically advanced societies on States in that region establish national information culture. Various publications on aspects of world systems as an integral part of their national com- civilizations were prepared and published, as well munications policy. Other international meetings, as 26 books in the various series of the UNESCO notably those organized by international non-gov- collection of representative works. ernmental organizations, discussed NATIS and made recommendations for UNESCO action in this Communications area. The first Intergovernmental Conference on A major global objective of UNESCO was the Communication Policies for Latin America and the achievement of universal bibliographic control, Caribbean was held at San José, , from which would assume the establishment of an 12 to 21 July 1976. The meeting made recommen- agency in each country to produce a bibliography dations to member States of the region on: the of publications issued in that country. Preparation current situation and trends in communication and studies were made in co-operation with the policies; the role of communications in an inte- International Federation of Library Associations grated approach to development, especially in the on various aspects of standardized cataloguing and fields of education, science and culture; problems exchange of information, using either manual or arising from the development of modern systems computerized methods of producing national bibli- of communication, including access, participation ographies. An international congress on this sub- and the right to communicate; the rights and re- ject was to be held in 1977, at which approximately sponsibilities of communicators; approaches to the 120 national bibliographic agencies would be formulation of policies, problems and methods of represented. planning; professional training; research and eval- A number of national projects were promoted, uation; and the contribution of communications to primarily directed towards the training of book the process of regional integration in Latin Amer- personnel, the creation of national book-develop- ica and the Caribbean. The Declaration of San José ment councils and the improvement of writing and The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 963 publishing skills in the field of books for children. Secretariat Technical seminars and training courses were As at 31 December 1976, the total number of held under the auspices of UNESCO regional book- full-time staff employed by UNESCO on permanent, development centres in Africa, the Arab States, fixed-term and short-term appointments was Asia and Latin America. The organization con- 3,172, drawn from 122 nationalities. Of these tinued assistance to a co-publishing programme of staff members, 1,442 were in the professional or children's books in Asia, which included 15 mem- higher categories and 1,730 were in the general ber States. The Regional Book Development Cen- service and maintenance worker categories. tre at Karachi, , was restructured to include Of the professional staff, 611 were experts serv- cultural activities and was to operate as the UNESCO ing in the field; 334 of the general service and main- Regional Office for Culture and Book Develop- tenance categories were also employed in the field. ment in Asia after January 1977. Two international meetings of experts were de- Budget voted to book production in multilingual countries The 1976 session of the General Conference and to the promotion of reading. Projects assisted of UNESCO approved a budget of $224,413,000 for through UNDP included the restructuring of the the two-year period 1977-1978. The Conference Cuban Book Institute, the establishment of a print- fixed the level of the Working Capital Fund at ing unit in the Foreign Ministry of and the $16,800,000; amounts to be advanced by mem- development, in , of a simplified system of ber States were to be calculated according to their vowellized Arab script. percentage contribution.

ASSISTANCE APPROVED FOR 1975-1976 UNDER THE UNESCO PARTICIPATION PROGRAMME (By country and region and main field of aid, as at 31 December 1976; in US dollars) Training abroad and COUNTRY Natural Social Culture and national Copyright and AND REGION Education sciences sciences communication commissions statistics Total Africa 9,920 — 3,960 — — — 13,880 17,130 12,910 17,910 37,080 6,485 3,960 95,475 4,000 9,500 — — 4,000 — 17,500 Central African Empire 6,960 10,980 11,940 13,470 4,000 47,350 5,000 — 6,000 23,160 1,500 — 35,660 Congo 4,800 — — 21,140 4,490 — 30,430 3,000 3,000 4,000 18,940 5,200 — 34,140 8,940 6,000 4,950 10,960 3,178 — 34,028 Gambia 9,000 — — 8,940 — — 17,940 Ghana 7,500 — 3,000 28,880 4,200 3,960 47,540 Guinea 5,000 13,500 — 20,500 3,000 — 42,000 Guinea-Bissau — — — 41,880 — — 41,880 3,000 3,000 — 19,280 7,200 — 32,480 Kenya 13,800 6,000 2,000 9,610 4,000 — 35,410 7,560 3,000 1,000 12,450 1,200 — 25,210 15,510 — 10,940 10,950 — — 37,400 17,000 — 4,500 8,000 5,485 — 34,985 6,500 — — 141 — — 6,641 5,280 1,980 5,000 16,780 3,500 2,000 34,540 7,500 660 — 31,660 4,000 6,960 50,780 4,500 3,000 — 11,880 4,000 — 23,380 6,000 5,000 7,940 26,890 6,400 — 52,230 Nigeria 4,500 4,000 1,500 9,500 9,000 — 28,500 7,450 10,000 — 17,200 3,000 — 37,650 19,160 — 3,000 25,940 2,700 3,960 54,760 Seychelles 62,850 — 4,350 12,010 3,910 — 83,120 2,000 2,000 — 18,480 3,200 — 25,680 8,970 — — 6,000 — 6,000 20,970 6,000 6,940 19,910 25,240 3,200 — 61,290 6,310 — 1,000 23,550 4,300 — 35,160 United Republic of 6,000 3,000 4,000 8,230 4,000 — 25,230 964 The intergovernmental organizations

Training abroad and COUNTRY Natural Social Culture and national Copyright and AND REGION Education sciences sciences communication commissions statistics Total Africa (cont.) United Republic of 15,980 2,000 13,000 13,580 — — 44,560 Upper Volta 18,800 16,500 4,000 35,950 5,000 — 80,250 Zaire 9,320 14,910 6,000 5,000 — — 35,230 — 7,500 3,000 2,000 3,500 — 16,000 Common Afro-Malagasy Organization — — 3,000 — — — 3,000 East African Community — — 9,000 20,880 — — 29,880 Organization of African Unity 24,880 — — — — — 24,880 Regional — — 19,000 24,100 12,400 — 55,500 Regional total 360,120 145,380 173,900 620,251 126,048 26,840 1,452,539

Latin America and the Caribbean 6,000 — — 23,940 3,200 7,980 41,120 — — — 5,000 — — 5,000 — — — 5,000 — — 5,000 3,000 — — 12,000 3,750 — 18,750 Brazil — 2,970 8,000 31,578 — — 42,548 5,000 — — 27,020 — — 32,020 2,000 — 7,000 — 4,000 — 13,000 Costa Rica 6,000 1,980 29,130 26,220 — — 63,330 5,000 10,500 2,000 20,970 4,980 — 43,450 12,510 — 2,500 6,000 3,480 — 24,490 Ecuador 6,000 — 10,000 5,940 3,000 — 24,940 — — — 5,940 3,000 — 8,940 — — — — 4,000 — 4,000 13,500 11,880 — 7,940 3,500 — 36,820 — — — 12,940 3,820 — 16,760 — — — 14,000 — — 14,000 8,500 3,700 — 12,480 4,000 — 28,680 3,500 — — — — — 3,500 7,000 — 7,000 23,410 — — 37,410 — — — 12,960 3,100 — 16,060 Peru 2,970 — — 7,970 3,500 — 14,440 5,000 — — 8,480 2,000 — 15,480 — 3,960 — — — — 3,960 Venezuela 16,500 — — 7,500 4,000 — 28,000 Regional — — — 1,700 — 1,700 Regional total 102,480 34,990 65,630 277,288 55,030 7,980 543,398

Arab States 6,990 10,500 3,000 18,000 1,500 — 39,990 3,000 — 11,940 4,470 3,485 — 22,895 Democratic 5,000 — — 16,950 3,500 — 25,450 Egypt 11,960 3,000 8,000 35,930 5,000 — 63,890 — — — 22,930 4,800 — 27,730 3,000 8,970 — 20,960 4,000 — 36,930 1,500 — 6,500 8,000 19,830 — 35,830 Libyan Arab Republic 6,000 4,000 — 16,230 3,950 — 30,180 Morocco — 2,000 — 5,620 1,500 — 9,120 9,900 — — 4,500 — — 14,400 5,640 7,480 — 14,280 5,000 6,000 38,400 Syrian Arab Republic 12,500 9,000 — 25,380 — — 46,880 Tunisia 3,000 7,260 3,970 19,320 1,000 — 34,550 10,000 — — — — — 10,000 Yemen 7,470 3,000 — 10,940 — — 21,410 Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization 12,000 2,000 9,460 7,000 5,940 — 36,400 Palestine Liberation Organization 8,000 — — 8,000 — — 16,000 Regional — — — — 7,000 — 7,000 Regional total 105,960 57,210 42,870 238,510 66,505 6,000 517,055 The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 965

Training abroad and COUNTRY Natural Social Culture and national Copyright and AND REGION Education sciences sciences communication commissions statistics Total Asia and the Pacific 4,640 3,980 5,480 33,160 4,600 — 51,860 8,000 — 3,000 13,000 1,650 — 25,650 — 9,500 — 13,500 3,500 — 26,500 Burma 4,500 — — 15,000 4,000 — 23,500 Democratic Kampuchea — — — 4,000 3,500 — 7,500 Democratic People's Republic of Korea 25,000 — — — 3,000 — 28,000 India 5,500 9,500 — 40,780 5,000 3,960 64,740 Indonesia 4,500 2,970 — 17,930 3,800 — 29,200 5,000 5,940 13,910 10,000 4,000 — 38,850 Japan — — 10,000 29,970 3,000 — 42,970 Lao People's Democratic Republic — — — — 10,000 — 10,000 3,990 6,000 — 21,900 — — 31,890 1,980 1,980 — 16,000 2,450 — 22,410 4,250 2,500 1,000 11,980 5,000 — 24,730 — — — 15,500 — — 15,500 Pakistan — — 29,370 4,000 — 33,370 — — — 11,000 — — 11,000 2,970 — 8,910 18,260 2,000 — 32,140 Republic of Korea 5,000 — 6,000 5,000 4,000 — 20,000 5,940 3,000 — 2,970 — — 11,910 Socialist Republic of Viet Nam 10,000 — 2,500 18,000 — — 30,500 Sri Lanka 3,000 4,980 5,000 22,280 300 3,960 39,520 14,470 — 12,280 7,760 4,000 — 38,510 South Pacific Commission — — — 4,000 — — 4,000 Regional — 4,500 — 10,000 24,500 — 39,000 Regional total 108,740 54,850 68,080 371,360 92,300 7,920 703,250

Europe and North America 11,880 — — 7,640 — — 19,520 — — 8,000 13,000 — — 21,000 7,000 — 8,000 12,054 — — 27,054 8,960 1,980 13,280 18,910 350 — 43,480 Byelorussian SSR — 20,810 3,970 8,910 3,500 — 37,190 5,000 5,000 8,000 16,000 — — 34,000 — 3,000 — 10,150 2,000 — 15,150 Czechoslovakia 9,500 — — 10,000 2,000 — 21,500 — — — 5,000 — — 5,000 — — 6,400 18,000 — — 24,400 5,000 — 2,000 24,500 — — 31,500 German Democratic Republic 8,000 1,980 10,180 16,600 3,500 — 40,260 , Federal Republic of 11,000 2,000 — 7,500 — — 20,500 — — 4,500 4,500 4,000 — 13,000 10,270 2,970 5,470 15,900 4,200 — 38,810 — — — 14,850 — — 14,850 Ireland — — — 12,000 — — 12,000 Italy 7,000 — 11,000 4,500 — — 22,500 16,000 — 2,970 4,500 — — 23,470 — — 15,000 8,000 5,000 — 28,000 — — 7,500 — — 2,500 10,000 11,500 6,620 8,000 12,560 4,000 — 42,680 8,940 — — 5,820 5,000 — 19,760 4,620 — 10,000 13,480 4,000 — 32,100 — 3,000 10,500 5,000 2,000 — 20,500 — — 3,600 2,500 — — 6,100 4,100 — 2,000 4,500 — — 10,600 — — 5,000 35,320 — — 40,320 Ukrainian SSR 2,970 11,880 11,880 2,970 3,000 — 32,700 USSR 9,240 1,980 20,810 31,790 — — 63,820 7,000 — 8,750 18,000 — — 33,750 966 The intergovernmental organizations

Training abroad and COUNTRY Natural Social Culture and national Copyright and AND REGION Education sciences sciences communication commissions statistics Total Europe and North America (cont.) United States 16.500 18,400 12,000 46,900 Yugoslavia 13,150 7,500 22,420 5,000 48,070 Regional 8,500 10,000 18,500 Regional total 177,630 61,220 212,710 407,374 57,550 2,500 918,984

Interregional 24,800 13,000 5,000 23,000 65,800 Grand total 879,730 353,650 576,190 1,919,783 420,433 51,240 4,201,026

Annex I. MEMBERSHIP OF THE UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION AND CONTRIBUTIONS (Membership as at 31 December 1976; contributions as assessed for 1977)

CONTRIBUTION CONTRIBUTION CONTRIBUTION Amount Amount Amount Per- (in US Per- (in US Per- (in US MEMBER centage dollars) MEMBER centage dollars) MEMBER centage dollars) Afghanistan 0.02 21,630 Haiti 0.02 21,630 0.02 21,630 Albania 0.02 21,630 Honduras 0.02 21,630 Republic of Algeria 0.10 108,150 Hungary 0.34 367,710 Korea 0.13 140,595 Argentina 0.82 886,830 Iceland 0.02 21,630 Romania 0.26 281,190 Australia 1.51 1,633,065 India 0.69 746,235 Rwanda 0.02 21,630 Austria 0.62 670,530 Indonesia 0.14 151,410 0.02 21,630 Bahrain 0.02 21,630 Iran 0.42 454,230 Saudi Arabia 0.24 259,560 Bangladesh 0.04 43,260 Iraq 0.10 108,150 Senegal 0.02 21,630 Barbados 0.02 21,630 Ireland 0.15 162,225 Seychelles 0.02 21,630 Belgium 1.06 1,146,390 0.24 259,560 Sierra Leone 0.02 21,630 Benin 0.02 21,630 Italy 3.27 3,536,505 Singapore 0.08 86,520 Bolivia 0.02 21,630 Ivory Coast 0.02 21,630 Socialist Republic Brazil 1.03 1,113,945 Jamaica 0.02 21,630 of Viet Nam 0.02 21,630 Bulgaria 0.13 140,595 Japan 8.59 9,290,085 Somalia 0.02 21,630 Burma 0.02 21,630 Jordan 0.02 21,630 Spain 1.52 1,643,880 Burundi 0.02 21,630 Kenya 0.02 21,630 Sri Lanka 0.02 21,630 Byelorussian SSR 0.40 432,600 0.16 173,040 Sudan 0.02 21,630 Canada 2.93 3,168,795 Lao People's Surinam 0.02 21,630 Central African Democratic Republic 0.02 21,630 Sweden 1.19 1,286,985 Empire 0.02 21,630 Lebanon 0.03 32,445 Switzerland 0.95 1,027,425 Chad 0.02 21,630 Lesotho 0.02 21,630 Syrian Arab Chile 0.09 97,335 Liberia 0.02 21,630 Republic 0.02 21,630 5.45 5,894,175 Libyan Arab Thailand 0.10 108,150 Colombia 0.11 118,965 Republic 0.17 183,855 Togo 0.02 21,630 Congo 0.02 21,630 0.04 43,260 Trinidad and Tobago 0.02 21,630 Costa Rica 0.02 21,630 Madagascar 0.02 21,630 Tunisia 0.02 21,630 Cuba 0.13 140,595 Malawi 0.02 21,630 Turkey 0.30 324,450 Cyprus 0.02 21,630 Malaysia 0.09 97,335 Uganda 0.02 21,630 Czechoslovakia 0.86 930,090 Mali 0.02 21,630 Ukrainian SSR 1.49 1,611,435 Democratic Kampuchea 0.02 21,630 Malta 0.02 21,630 USSR 11.23 12,145,245 Democratic People's Mauritania 0.02 21,630 United Arab Emirates 0.08 86,520 Republic of Korea 0.05 54,075 Mauritius 0.02 21,630 United Kingdom 4.40 4,758,600 Democratic Yemen 0.02 21,630 Mexico 0.77 832,755 United Republic Denmark 0.62 670,530 0.02 21,630 of Cameroon 0.02 21,630 Dominican Republic 0.02 21,630 Mongolia 0.02 21,630 United Republic Ecuador 0.02 21,630 Morocco 0.05 54,075 of Tanzania 0.02 21,630 Egypt 0.08 86,520 Mozambique 0.02 21,630 United States 25.00 27,037,500 El Salvador 0.02 21,630 Nepal 0.02 21,630 Upper Volta 0.02 21,630 Ethiopia 0.02 21,630 Netherlands 1.37 1,481,655 Uruguay 0.04 43,260 Finland 0.41 443,415 New Zealand 0.28 302,820 Venezuela 0.40 432,600 France 5.61 6,067,215 Nicaragua 0.02 21,630 Yemen 0.02 21,630 Gabon 0.02 21,630 Niger 0.02 21,630 Yugoslavia 0.38 410,970 Gambia 0.02 21,630 Nigeria 0.13 140,595 Zaire 0.02 21,630 German Democratic Norway 0.42 454,230 Zambia 0.02 21,630 Republic 1.34 1,449,210 0.02 21,630 100.00 108,150,000 Germany, Federal Pakistan 0.06 64,890 Total Republic of 7.67 8,295,105 Panama 0.02 21,630 Ghana 0.02 21,630 Papua New Greece 0.39 421,785 Guinea 0.02 21,630 ASSOCIA TE MEMBER 0.02 21,630 Paraguay 0.02 21,630 Guatemala 0.02 21,630 Peru 0.06 64,890 British Eastern Guinea 0.02 21,630 Philippines 0.10 108,150 Caribbean Group 0.01 10,815 Guinea-Bissau 0.02 21,630 Poland 1.39 1,503,285 Namibia* — — 0.02 21.630 Portugal 0.20 216,300 *At its nineteenth session, held during October and November 1976, the General Conference of UNESCO cancelled the assessments for Namibia for 1975 and 1976 and suspended further assessment until Namibia's accession to independence. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 967

Annex II. OFFICERS AND OFFICES OF THE UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION (As at 31 December 1976)

MEMBERS OF THE EXECUTIVE BOARD Chairman: Leonard C. J. Martin (United Kingdom). German Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Republic of, India, In- Vice-Chairmen: Mrs. Estefania Aldaba-Lim (Philippines), Paulo E. de Berrêdo donesia, Iran, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Jordan, Liberia, Libyan Arab Republic, Carneiro (Brazil), Marcel Ibinga-Magwangu (Gabon), Leonid N. Kutakov Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Nepal, Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Peru, Poland, (USSR), Hassan Muraywid (Syrian Arab Republic), Hugh Philp (Australia). Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Switzerland, Tunisia, Uganda, Members: Barbados, Belgium, Chad, China, Cuba, Ecuador, Egypt, France, United States, Upper Volta, Venezuela.

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE SECRETARIAT Director-General: Amadou Mahtar M'Bow. Assistant Directors-General: Mrs. Martha Hildebrandt, Abdul-Razzak Kaddoura, Makaminan Makagiansar, Dragoljub Najman, Jacques A. Ri- Deputy Director-General: John E. Fobes. gaud, Sema Tanguiane.

HEADQUARTERS AND OTHER OFFICES

HEADQUARTERS NEW YORK OFFICE UNESCO House United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Place de Fontenoy United Nations Headquarters, Room 2401 75700 Paris New York, N. Y. 10017 France United States Cable address: UNESCO PARIS Cable address: UNESCORG NEWYORK