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The Formation of Α Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1983 The formation of α-(1[right-facing arrow]3) D- glucosidic linkages by exocellular α-D- glucansucrases from Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Streptococcus mutans Gregory L. Côté Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Biochemistry Commons Recommended Citation Côté, Gregory L., "The formation of α-(1[right-facing arrow]3) D-glucosidic linkages by exocellular α-D-glucansucrases from Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Streptococcus mutans " (1983). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 8463. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/8463 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quaUty of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method of "sectioning" the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For illustrations that cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by xerographic means, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and inserted into your xerographic copy. These prints are available upon request from the Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. UniversiV Micrwilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 8407062 Cote, Gregory L. THE FORMATION OF ALPHA-(1 —> 3) D-GLUCOSIDIC LINKAGES BY EXOCELLULAR ALPHA-D-GLUCANSUCRASES FROM LEUCONOSTOC MESENTEROIDES AND STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS Iowa State University PH.D. 1983 University Microfilms Intern &tiOn&l 300 N. zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark V . 1. Glossy photographs or pages 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print 3. Photographs with dark background 4. Illustrations are poor copy 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages 8. Print exceeds margin requirements 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print 11. Page(s) lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s) seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages 15. Other University Microfilms International The formation of a-(l->3) D-glucosidic linkages by exo cellular a-D-glucansucrases from Leuaonostoa mesentero-tdes and Streptooooous mutons by Gregory L. Côté A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department; Biochemistry and Biophysics Major: Biochemistry Approved: Signature was redacted for privacy. Signature was redacted for privacy. For the Major Department Signature was redacted for privacy. For the Graduate College Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 1983 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABBREVIATIONS USED V NOTES ON THE NOMENCLATURE OF SUGARS vii HAWORTH PROJECTIONS OF SOME SUGAR STRUCTURES viii GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Explanation of Dissertation Format 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 4 SECTION I. ISOLATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AN EXTRACELLULAR GLUCANSUCRASE FROM Leuaonostoo mesenteroides NRRL B-1355 THAT SYNTHESIZES AN ALTERNATING (l->-6), (I^3)-<x-D-GLUCAN 13 ABSTRACT 14 INTRODUCTION 15 MATERIALS AND METHODS 17 Growth Conditions 17 Preparation of Crude Enzyme Mixture 17 Enzyme Assays 17 Carbohydrate and Protein Determination 18 Poly(ethylene glycol) Precipitations 18 pH-Activity Assays 18 Dextranase Digests 18 Chromatography 19 Preparation of Polysaccharides 20 Periodate Oxidations 20 Preparation of 3-Deoxy-3-fluoro-a-D-glucopyranosyl Fluoride 20 RESULTS 22 DISCUSSION 42 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 48 REFERENCES 49 iii SECTION II. ACCEPTOR REACTIONS OF ALTERNANSUCRASE FROM Leuaonostoa mesentevoides NRRL B-1355 52 ABSTRACT 53 INTRODUCTION 54 MATERIALS AND METHODS 55 Enzymes and Substrates 55 Chromatography 55 Acceptor-reaction Conditions 56 Determination of Relative Strengths of Acceptors 56 Structural Analysis of Oligosaccharide Acceptor-products 57 RESULTS 58 DISCUSSION 74 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 78 REFERENCES 79 SECTION III. THE FORMATION OF a-(l->3) BRANCH LINKAGES BY AN EXOCELLULAR GLUCANSUCRASE FROM Leuconoatoo mesentevoides NRRL B-742 82 ABSTRACT 83 INTRODUCTION 84 MATERIALS AND METHODS 86 Organism 86 Crude Enzyme Mixture 86 Chromatography 86 Hydrolysis by Dextranase 87 Synthesis of Samples of D-Glucan 87 ^^C-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry 88 RESULTS 89 DISCUSSION 104 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 108 REFERENCES 109 iv SECTION IV. DISPROPORTIONATION REACTIONS CATALYZED BY Leuaonostoo AND Streptoooaous GLUCANSUCRASES 112 ABSTRACT 113 INTRODUCTION 114 MATERIALS AND METHODS 115 Carbohydrates 115 Enzymes 115 Chromatography 116 Reaction Conditions 116 RESULTS 117 DISCUSSION 136 REFERENCES 139 SECTION V. THE FORMATION OF a-(l-»-3) BRANCH LINKAGES BY A SOLUBLE-GLUCAN-PRODUCING GLUCANSUCRASE FROM StreptoooQQus mutons 6715 143 ABSTRACT 144 INTRODUCTION 145 MATERIALS AND METHODS 146 Enzymes 146 Carbohydrates 147 Analytical Methods 147 Production of Enzymatically Modified D-Glucans 148 RESULTS 149 DISCUSSION 160 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 164 REFERENCES 165 GENERAL DISCUSSION 170 SUMMARY 176 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES 178 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 188 V ABBREVIATIONS USED ara arabinose ATCC American Type Culture Collection c.p.m. counts per minute CSDC culture supernatant, dialyzed and concentrated DEAE dlethylamlnoethyl d.p. degree of polymerization F.t. Fourier transform fru fructose gal galactose glc glucose GTF-I glucosyltransferase which synthesizes water-insoluble glucan GTF-S glucosyltransferase which synthesizes water-soluble glucan h hour(s) Im Isomaltose imji isomaltoollgosaccharldes of n glucose units lU International Units of enzyme activity L liter(s) leu leucrose M molar (moles per liter) mal, malt maltose man mannose mg milligram(s) MHz megahertz mln minute(s) mL milliliter(s) mM millimolar mol mole(s) N number of replicate samples vi nig nigerose nm nanometers n.m.r. nuclear magnetic resonance NRRC Northern Regional Research Center NRRL Northern Regional Research Laboratory PA phenoxyacetyl pan panose PEG poly(ethylene glycol) Rglc distance migrated by compound f dis­ tance migrated by glucose raff raffinose r .p .m. revolutions per minute standard deviation S.E.5J standard error of the mean sue , sucrose THAM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane t.l.c. thin layer chromatography VQ void volume v/v volume/volume w/v weight/volume xyl xylose yg microgram(s) yL microliter(s) vil NOTES ON THE NOMENCLATURE OF SUGARS For dlsaccharides, the following system is used: a-O-b-D-substituent-D-glycose a: The numeral indicates the position of the oxygen through which the substituent attaches to the glycose unit. b: a or 3 indicates the type of linkage. For example; 4-0-a-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose is the nomenclature for maltose. For oligosaccharides larger than a disaccharide and containing more than one type of sugar, the following system is used: a^-O-c-D-substituent-remainder of the oligosaccharide a: The numeral indicates the position of the oxygen through which the substituent is attached to the remainder of the oligosaccharide, b: the superscript is an abbreviation of the sugar to which the substit­ uent is attached. c: a or 3 indicates the type of linkage by which the substituent is at­ tached to the remainder of the molecule. Q For example: 6 -0-a-D-galactopyranosylsucrose is the nomenclature for raffinose. For isomaltooligosaccharides possessing other types of linkages be­ sides a-(l->6) linkages, the following system is used: a^-O-c-D-(substituent) isomaltooligosaccharide a: The numeral
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